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Del Piano F, Almroth BC, Lama A, Piccolo G, Addeo NF, Paciello O, Martino G, Esposito S, Mercogliano R, Pirozzi C, Meli R, Ferrante MC. Subchronic oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics affects hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative balance in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116455. [PMID: 38772140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pose a clear threat to aquatic organisms affecting their health. Their impact on liver homeostasis, as well as on the potential onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is still poorly investigated and remains almost unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of subchronic exposure to polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs; 1-20 μm; 0, 25, or 250 mg/kg b.w./day) on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative balance in the liver of gilthead seabreams (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758) exposed for 21 days via contaminated food. PS-MPs induced an up-regulation of mRNA levels of crucial genes associated with lipid synthesis and storage (i.e., PPARy, Srebp1, Fasn) without modifications of genes involved in lipid catabolism (i.e., PPARα, HL, Pla2) or transport and metabolism (Fabp1) in the liver. The increase of CSF1R and pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression (i.e., TNF-α and IL-1β) was also observed in exposed fish in a dose-dependent manner. These findings were confirmed by hepatic histological evaluations reporting evidence of lipid accumulation, inflammation, and necrosis. Moreover, PS-MPs caused the impairment of the hepatic antioxidant defense system through the alteration of its enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (glutathione) components, resulting in the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as biomarkers of oxidative damage. The alteration of detoxifying enzymes was inferred by the decreased Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and the increased activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) at the highest PS-MP dose. The study suggests that PS-MPs affect the liver health of gilthead seabream. The liver dysfunction and damage caused by exposure to PS-MPs result from a detrimental interplay of inflammation, oxidative damage, and antioxidant and detoxifying enzymatic systems modifications, altering the gut-liver axis homeostasis. This scenario is suggestive of the involvement of MP-induced effects in the onset and progression of hepatic lipid dysfunction in gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Nicola Francesco Addeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Raffaelina Mercogliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy.
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Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Bouzas C, García S, Argelich E, Casares M, Ugarriza L, Llompart I, Tur JA, Sureda A. Impact of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on Antioxidant Status and Metabolic Parameters in NAFLD Patients: A 24-Month Lifestyle Intervention Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:480. [PMID: 38671927 PMCID: PMC11047536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is recognized as a healthy dietary pattern. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. OBJECTIVES To assess the antioxidant status in erythrocytes, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of NAFLD patients following a 24-month lifestyle intervention based on the MedDiet. Adult patients (n = 40; aged 40-60 years) diagnosed with NAFLD by magnetic resonance imaging were divided into two groups based on their adherence to the MedDiet. Consumption was assessed using a validated 143-item semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Anthropometrics, biochemistry parameters, intrahepatic fat contents (IFC), antioxidants, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma and erythrocytes before and after the intervention. RESULTS After the intervention, body mass index (BMI) and plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol), triglycerides, malondialdehyde (MDA), and cytokeratin-18 (CK18) decreased, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) increased. Participants with high adherence to MedDiet showed lower IFC, hepatic enzyme (AST, ALT, and GGT), glycemia, oxidase LDL (oxLDL) plasma levels, and erythrocyte MDA levels. Higher antioxidant activity (erythrocyte catalase-CAT, superoxide dismutase-SOD, glutathione peroxidase-GPx, glutathione reductase-GRd, and total glutathione-GSH as well as PBMCs-CAT gene expression) was observed in these patients, along with a reduction of PBMCs reactive oxygen species production and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. Inverse associations were observed between adherence to the MedDiet and BMI, glycemia, AST, IFC, and CK18 plasma levels and oxLDL, CAT, SOD, and GRd activities in erythrocytes. A significant linear regression was observed between adherence to the MedDiet and antioxidant score. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the MedDiet is associated with improved plasma and PBMC antioxidant and inflammatory biomarker profiles and high antioxidant defences in erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Silvia García
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Emma Argelich
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- C.S. Camp Redó, IBSalut, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Llompart
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
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Guo Z, Wu Q, Xie P, Wang J, Lv W. Immunomodulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: exploring mechanisms and applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336493. [PMID: 38352880 PMCID: PMC10861763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits increased lipid enrichment in hepatocytes. The spectrum of this disease includes stages such as nonalcoholic simple fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and liver fibrosis. Changes in lifestyle behaviors have been a major factor contributing to the increased cases of NAFLD patients globally. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identify therapeutic targets, and develop new strategies to improve the clinical management of the disease. Immunoregulation is a strategy through which the organism recognizes and eliminates antigenic foreign bodies to maintain physiological homeostasis. In this process, multiple factors, including immune cells, signaling molecules, and cytokines, play a role in governing the evolution of NAFLD. This review seeks to encapsulate the advancements in research regarding immune regulation in NAFLD, spanning from underlying mechanisms to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinjuan Wu
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuchong Wang
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenliang Lv
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Singha PS, Ghosh S, Ghosh D. Levothyroxine and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Mini Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:128-138. [PMID: 36918791 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230314113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Levothyroxine or l-thyroxine is artificially manufactured thyroxine, which is used as a drug to treat underactive thyroid conditions in humans. The drug, levothyroxine, is consumed daily in a prescribed dose to replace the missing thyroid hormone thyroxine in an individual with an underactive thyroid, and it helps to maintain normal physiological conditions. Though it is a life-maintaining drug, it replaces the missing thyroid hormone and performs the necessary daily metabolic functions in our body. Like all other allopathic drugs, it comes with certain side effects, which include joint pain, cramps in muscle, weight gain/loss, hair loss, etc. The thyroid hormone, thyroxine, is known to mobilize fat in our body, including the ones from the hepatic system. An underactive thyroid may cause an accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to a fatty liver, which is clinically termed Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The correlation between hypothyroidism and NAFLD is now well-studied and recognized. As levothyroxine performs the functions of the missing thyroxine, it is anticipated, based on certain preliminary studies, that the drug helps to mobilize hepatic fat and thus may have a crucial role in mitigating the condition of NAFDL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suvendu Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsura, Hooghly, 712 101, West Bengal, India
| | - Debosree Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Government General Degree College, West Bengal, India
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Alorfi NM, Ashour AM. The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Older Adults: A Review of Clinicaltrials.gov Registry. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3115-3121. [PMID: 37822800 PMCID: PMC10564080 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s430740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predominant health condition across the world due to its rising prevalence and association with various metabolic disorders. Intermittent fasting (IF) has attracted increasing attention as a dietary approach to addressing weight management and enhancing metabolic well-being, and its potential effects on NAFLD have been a topic of growing research interest. Aim This review aims to critically evaluate the current evidence on IF's impact on NAFLD, including the mechanisms underlying the observed effects in older adults (65+). Methods A comprehensive search of Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted to identify relevant studies that investigated the effects of IF on NAFLD in older adults (65+). Data on study design, sample size, intervention details, and outcomes related to NAFLD were extracted and analyzed. Results As of April 12th, 2023, there were 1304 clinical trials on NAFLD. Most of these were interventional studies. The investigation focused on completed studies and found that limited clinical trials were identified with limited interventional measures. Only five out of the 1304 studies on NAFLD involved IF. Basic and advanced outcome measures were examined. Conclusion Although some studies suggest that IF may have potential benefits for NAFLD, the evidence is still limited and inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Alorfi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Montemayor S, García S, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Dietary Patterns, Foods, and Nutrients to Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3987. [PMID: 37764771 PMCID: PMC10534915 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease without pharmacological treatment yet. There is also a lack of specific dietary recommendations and strategies to treat the negative health impacts derived from NAFLD. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to compile dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients to ameliorate NAFLD. METHODS A literature search was performed through MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Several guidelines are available through the literature. Hypocaloric Mediterranean diet is the most accepted dietary pattern to tackle NAFLD. Coffee consumption (sugar free) may have a protective effect for NAFLD. Microbiota also plays a role in NAFLD; hence, fibre intake should be guaranteed. CONCLUSIONS A high-quality diet could improve liver steatosis. Weight loss through hypocaloric diet together with physical activity and limited sugar intake are good strategies for managing NAFLD. Specific dietary recommendations and a Mediterranean plate have been proposed to ameliorate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Silvia García
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Bouzas C, Pastor O, Ugarriza L, Llompart I, Cevallos-Ibarra K, Sureda A, Tur JA. Plasma Fatty Acid Composition, Oxidative and Inflammatory Status, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1554. [PMID: 37627549 PMCID: PMC10451635 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex and increasingly prevalent cardiometabolic disorder worldwide. As of today, NAFLD is a pathology without specific pharmacological treatment, with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) being the most widely used approach for its management. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on fatty acid plasma levels, as well as on the oxidative and inflammatory status of NAFLD patients. A total of 100 adult patients (40-60 years old) diagnosed with NAFLD and from the Balearic Islands, Spain, were classified into three groups according to their adherence to the MedDiet. Consumption was assessed using a validated 143-item semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Food items (g/day) were categorised according to their processing using the NOVA system. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, aminotransferases, Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), inflammatory biomarkers, and fatty acid levels were measured in the plasma of NAFLD patients. High adherence to the MedDiet is associated to a highly plant-based diet, low ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, low intake of dietary lipids, low intake of animal fats, high intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; mainly palmitoleic acid), low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs; practically all dietary SFAs), low intake of trans-fatty acids, high intake of omega-3 fatty acids (mainly eicosapentaenoic acid), a higher n-6:n-3 in ratio, low intake of omega-6 fatty acids, and a low level of interleukin-6 (IL-6). High adherence to the MedDiet is related to a better fatty acid profile in the plasma, fewer SFAs and more MUFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a plasma biochemical profile, better proinflammatory status, and decreased ultra-processed food consumption of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Oscar Pastor
- Service of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal-IRYCIS, E-28023 Madrid, Spain (K.C.-I.)
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- C.S. Camp Redó, IBSalut, E-07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Llompart
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, E-07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Karla Cevallos-Ibarra
- Service of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal-IRYCIS, E-28023 Madrid, Spain (K.C.-I.)
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Pagano S, Bakker SJL, Juillard C, Dullaart RPF, Vuilleumier N. Serum Level of Cytokeratin 18 (M65) as a Prognostic Marker of High Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1128. [PMID: 37509164 PMCID: PMC10377236 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in apoptosis, as reflected by circulating Cytokeratin 18 (CK18), are involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherogenesis. We aimed to explore the discriminant accuracy of Cytokeratin 18 (CK18, including M65 and M30 forms) for an elevated fatty liver index (FLI) as a validated proxy of NAFLD, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the general population. Both serum CK18 forms were measured using a commercial immunoassay in randomly selected samples from 312 participants of the PREVEND general population cohort. FLI ≥ 60 was used to indicate NAFLD. Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and the SCORE2 were used to estimate the 10-year risk of CVD. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, linear/logistic regression models, and Spearman's correlations were used. Intricate associations were found between CK18, FLI, and CVD risk scores. While M30 was the only independent predictor of FLI ≥ 60, M65 best discriminated NAFLD individuals at very-high 10-year CVD risk according to SCORE2 (AUC: 0.71; p = 0.001). Values above the predefined manufacturer cutoff (400 U/L) were associated with an independent 5-fold increased risk (adjusted odds ratio: 5.44, p = 0.01), with a negative predictive value of 93%. Confirming that NAFLD is associated with an increased CVD risk, our results in a European general population-based cohort suggest that CK18 M65 may represent a candidate biomarker to identify NAFLD individuals at low CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pagano
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostics Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Catherine Juillard
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostics Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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Li A, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Su W, Gao F, Jiao X. Txnip Gene Knockout Ameliorated High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiomyopathy Via Regulating Mitochondria Dynamics and Fatty Acid Oxidation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:423-433. [PMID: 36888974 PMCID: PMC10237349 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epidemic of obesity accelerates the increase in the number of patients with obesity cardiomyopathy. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, its specific role in obesity cardiomyopathy is still not well understood. Here, we evaluated the role of TXNIP in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy by feeding wild-type and txnip gene knockout mice with either normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. Our results suggested that TXNIP deficiency improved mitochondrial dysfunction via reversing the shift from mitochondrial fusion to fission in the context of chronic HFD feeding, thus promoting cardiac fatty acid oxidation to alleviate chronic HFD-induced lipid accumulation in the heart, and thereby ameliorating the cardiac function in obese mice. Our work provides a theoretical basis for TXNIP exerting as a potential therapeutic target for the interventions of obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; and
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; and
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; and
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; and
| | - Wanzhen Su
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; and
| | - Feng Gao
- Sixth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; and
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10
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Dolce A, Della Torre S. Sex, Nutrition, and NAFLD: Relevance of Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102335. [PMID: 37242221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and represents an increasing public health issue given the limited treatment options and its association with several other metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The epidemic, still growing prevalence of NAFLD worldwide cannot be merely explained by changes in diet and lifestyle that occurred in the last few decades, nor from their association with genetic and epigenetic risk factors. It is conceivable that environmental pollutants, which act as endocrine and metabolic disruptors, may contribute to the spreading of this pathology due to their ability to enter the food chain and be ingested through contaminated food and water. Given the strict interplay between nutrients and the regulation of hepatic metabolism and reproductive functions in females, pollutant-induced metabolic dysfunctions may be of particular relevance for the female liver, dampening sex differences in NAFLD prevalence. Dietary intake of environmental pollutants can be particularly detrimental during gestation, when endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with the programming of liver metabolism, accounting for the developmental origin of NAFLD in offspring. This review summarizes cause-effect evidence between environmental pollutants and increased incidence of NAFLD and emphasizes the need for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dolce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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11
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Liu H, Yokoyama F, Ishizuka S. Metabolic alterations of the gut-liver axis induced by cholic acid contribute to hepatic steatosis in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159319. [PMID: 37075973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
12α-Hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acids (BAs) selectively increase with high-fat diet intake. Dietary supplementation with cholic acid (CA) in rats is a possible strategy to reveal the causal link between 12αOH BAs and hepatic steatosis. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanism underlying the effect of 12αOH BAs on hepatic steatosis. Male WKAH rats were fed either a control (Ct) or CA-supplemented diet (0.5 g/kg). After the 12-week intervention, the CA diet elevated the 12αOH BA levels in the gut-liver axis. CA-fed rats showed greater hepatic lipid accumulation than in the Ct group, regardless of the dietary energy balance. Untargeted metabolomics suggested marked differences in the fecal metabolome of rats subjected to the CA diet compared with that of Ct, characterized by the depletion of fatty acids and enrichment of amino acids and amines. Moreover, the liver metabolome differed in the CA diet group, characterized by an alteration in redox-related pathways. The CA diet elevated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumption owing to the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, resulting in impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling in the liver. The CA diet increased sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, and enhanced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting promotion of the pentose phosphate pathway that generates reducing equivalents. Integrated analysis of the gut-liver metabolomic data revealed the role of deoxycholic acid and its liver counterpart in mediating these metabolic alterations. These observations suggest that alterations in metabolites induced by 12αOH BAs in the gut-liver axis contribute to the enhancement of liver lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Fumika Yokoyama
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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12
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Felemban AH, Alshammari GM, Yagoub AEA, Al-Harbi LN, Alhussain MH, Yahya MA. Activation of AMPK Entails the Protective Effect of Royal Jelly against High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061471. [PMID: 36986201 PMCID: PMC10056733 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the mechanism underlying the protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) against high-fat-diet (HFD)-mediated non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Adult male rats were divided into five groups (n = 8 each): control fed a standard diet, control + RJ (300 mg/kg), HFD, HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg), and HFD + RJ + CC (0.2 mg/kg). The treatment with RJ reduced weight gain, increased fat pads, and attenuated fasting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose tolerance in the HFD-fed rats. It also reduced the serum levels of liver function enzymes, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and leptin but significantly increased the serum levels of adiponectin. In addition, and with no effect on lipid excretion in stool, RJ significantly decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of SREBP1, serum, hepatic cholesterol, and triglycerides but increased hepatic mRNA levels of PPARα. Furthermore, RJ reduced the hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the livers of these rats. Of note, with no effect on the mRNA levels of AMPK, RJ stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (GSH) in the livers of the control and HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, RJ attenuates NAFLD via its antioxidant potential and adiponectin-independent activation of liver AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Hasanain Felemban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Polyunsaturated and Saturated Oxylipin Plasma Levels Allow Monitoring the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression to Severe Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030711. [PMID: 36978959 PMCID: PMC10045849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fat accumulation is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to determine the plasma levels of oxylipins, free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with NAFLD in progressive stages of the pathology. Ninety 40–60-year-old adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were distributed in without, mild, moderate or severe NAFLD stages. The free PUFA and oxylipin plasma levels were determined by the UHPLC–MS/MS system. The plasma levels of oxylipins produced by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450, such as prostaglandin 2α (PGF2α), lipoxinB4 and maresin-1, were higher in severe NAFLD patients, pointing to the coexistence of both inflammation and resolution processes. The plasma levels of the saturated oxylipins 16-hydroxyl-palmitate and 3-hydroxyl-myristate were also higher in the severe NAFLD patients, suggesting a dysregulation of oxidation of fatty acids. The plasma 12-hydroxyl-estearate (12HEST) levels in severe NAFLD were higher than in the other stages, indicating that the hydroxylation of saturated fatty acid produced by reactive oxygen species is more present in this severe stage of NAFLD. The plasma levels of 12HEST and PGF2α are potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosing NAFLD vs. non-NAFLD. In conclusion, the NAFLD progression can be monitored by measuring the plasma levels of free PUFA and oxylipins characterizing the different NAFLD stages or the absence of this disease in metabolic syndrome patients.
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14
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Alba MM, Ebright B, Hua B, Slarve I, Zhou Y, Jia Y, Louie SG, Stiles BL. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins in liver injury, inflammation and liver cancer development. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1098467. [PMID: 36818443 PMCID: PMC9932286 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1098467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a malignancy developed from underlying liver disease that encompasses liver injury and metabolic disorders. The progression from these underlying liver disease to cancer is accompanied by chronic inflammatory conditions in which liver macrophages play important roles in orchestrating the inflammatory response. During this process, bioactive lipids produced by hepatocytes and macrophages mediate the inflammatory responses by acting as pro-inflammatory factors, as well as, playing roles in the resolution of inflammation conditions. Here, we review the literature discussing the roles of bioactive lipids in acute and chronic hepatic inflammation and progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Alba
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Brandon Ebright
- Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Brittney Hua
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Ielyzaveta Slarve
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Yiren Zhou
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Yunyi Jia
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States,Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States,*Correspondence: Bangyan L. Stiles,
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15
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Son HK, Lee J, Byun J, Lee JJ. Saccharified and Fermented Helianthus tuberosus L. Beverage Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Inducible Metabolic Complications in C57BL/6 Mice. J Med Food 2023; 26:146-161. [PMID: 36724308 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has been recognized as a major public health issue with rapid increase globally. Obesity triggers other metabolic complications, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Helianthus tuberosus L. (the Jerusalem artichoke) is an important edible plant that may provide health benefits in treating metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated potential antiobesity effects of saccharified H. tuberosus L. (SH) and its fermented vinegar (fermented H. tuberosus L. [FH]) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity murine model. FH exhibited significantly lower pH, Brix, and total sugar content compared with the SH, along with higher radical-scavenging activity. The body weight and adipose tissue weights were significantly decreased with the administration of SH and FH compared with the HFD group. SH and FH groups significantly attenuated hepatomegaly and lipid accumulation. The increased triglyceride (TG) content in obese mice was remarkably lower in the SH and FH groups. SH and FH alleviated serum dyslipidemia and atherogenic risk. Furthermore, expression of adipogenic genes was significantly downregulated after SH and FH supplementation compared with the HFD group. The TG and total cholesterol (TC) content of serum and adipose tissues significantly decreased by SH and FH administration in comparison with the HFD group. Reduced adiposity with SH and FH administration was confirmed by reduced adipocyte size and weight with inhibition of lipoprotein lipase expression. Our study showed that SH and FH, indeed FH was superior to SH, had antiobesity effects by decreasing adiposity, regulating dyslipidemia in systemic tissues, and inhibiting adipogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoung Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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16
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Meteorin-like protein overexpression ameliorates fulminant hepatitis in mice by inhibiting chemokine-dependent immune cell infiltration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023:10.1038/s41401-022-01049-4. [PMID: 36721008 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myokines, which are recently identified cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle in response to stimulation, are crucial for the maintenance of liver function. Fulminant hepatitis (FH) is a life-threatening pathological condition with severe hepatic dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the role of meteorin-like (METRNL), a new myokine, in the pathogenesis of FH. We compared serum samples and liver tissues from FH patients and healthy controls and found that hepatic and serum METRNL levels were significantly increased in FH patients, and serum METRNL levels were related to disease severity in FH patients. We then established a concanavalin A-induced FH model in METRNL-overexpressing and control mice. We found that hepatic METRNL levels in FH mice were significantly increased, and METRNL in the liver was mainly derived from macrophages. In the cultured mouse macrophage line (RAW264.7 cells) and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (PMs), METRNL overexpression significantly inhibited the release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β. In METRNL-overexpressing mice, concanavalin A-induced liver injury was significantly ameliorated. Moreover, METRNL overexpression significantly reduced chemokine-dependent inflammatory cell infiltration into the liver. METRNL overexpression also suppressed liver CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th 1 cells and inhibited the secretion of Th 1 cytokines. Taken together, these data suggest that METRNL overexpression effectively ameliorates FH. Therefore, METRNL may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for FH.
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17
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Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Antioxidant Activities in C57BL/6 Obese Mice and Palmitic-Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis in HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010109. [PMID: 36678606 PMCID: PMC9866040 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of liver disease. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq, a traditional plant in South Asia, has previously been shown to attenuate obesity and hyperglycaemic conditions. Eight weeks of feeding C57BL/6 mice with the standardized O. aristatus extract (400 mg/kg) inhibited the progression of NAFLD. Liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase were significantly reduced in treated mice by 74.2% ± 7.69 and 52.8% ± 7.83, respectively. Furthermore, the treated mice showed a reduction in serum levels of glucose (50% ± 5.71), insulin (70.2% ± 12.09), total cholesterol (27.5% ± 15.93), triglycerides (63.2% ± 16.5), low-density lipoprotein (62.5% ± 4.93) and atherogenic risk index relative to the negative control. Histologically, O. aristatus reversed hepatic fat accumulation and reduced NAFLD severity. Notably, our results showed the antioxidant activity of O. aristatus via increased superoxide dismutase activity and a reduction of hepatic malondialdehyde levels. In addition, the levels of serum pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNFα) decreased, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. The aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic fractions of O. aristatus extract significantly reduced intracellular fat accumulation in HepG2 cells that were treated with palmitic-oleic acid. Together, these findings suggest that antioxidant activities are the primary mechanism of action of O. aristatus underlying the anti-NAFLD effects.
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18
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Shatta MA, El-Derany MO, Gibriel AA, El-Mesallamy HO. Rhamnetin ameliorates non-alcoholic steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04619-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is a widespread disease with various complications including Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that could lead to cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Up till now there is no FDA approved drug for treatment of NAFLD. Flavonoids such as Rhamnetin (Rhm) have been ascribed effective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Thus, Rhm as a potent flavonoid could target multiple pathological cascades causing NAFLD to prevent its progression into HCC. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease and its pathophysiology is complex and is currently challenged by the ‘Multiple-hit hypothesis’ that includes wider range of comorbidities rather than previously established theory of ‘Two-hit hypothesis’. Herein, we aimed at establishing reliable in vitro NASH models using different mixtures of variable ratios and concentrations of oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) combinations using HepG2 cell lines. Moreover, we compared those models in the context of oil red staining, triglyceride levels and their altered downstream molecular signatures for genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic machineries as well. Lastly, the effect of Rhm on NASH and HCC models was deeply investigated. Over the 10 NASH models tested, PA 500 µM concentration was the best model to mimic the molecular events of steatosis induced NAFLD. Rhm successfully ameliorated the dysregulated molecular events caused by the PA-induced NASH. Additionally, Rhm regulated inflammatory and oxidative machinery in the HepG2 cancerous cell lines. In conclusion, PA 500 µM concentration is considered an effective in vitro model to mimic NASH. Rhm could be used as a promising therapeutic modality against both NASH and HCC pathogenesis.
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19
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Martínez JA, Alonso-Bernáldez M, Martínez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuñez JA, Ramírez de Molina A, Dávalos A, Ramos-Lopez O. Machine learning insights concerning inflammatory and liver-related risk comorbidities in non-communicable and viral diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6230-6248. [PMID: 36504554 PMCID: PMC9730439 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i44.6230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key organ involved in a wide range of functions, whose damage can lead to chronic liver disease (CLD). CLD accounts for more than two million deaths worldwide, becoming a social and economic burden for most countries. Among the different factors that can cause CLD, alcohol abuse, viruses, drug treatments, and unhealthy dietary patterns top the list. These conditions prompt and perpetuate an inflammatory environment and oxidative stress imbalance that favor the development of hepatic fibrogenesis. High stages of fibrosis can eventually lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the advances achieved in this field, new approaches are needed for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CLD. In this context, the scientific com-munity is using machine learning (ML) algorithms to integrate and process vast amounts of data with unprecedented performance. ML techniques allow the integration of anthropometric, genetic, clinical, biochemical, dietary, lifestyle and omics data, giving new insights to tackle CLD and bringing personalized medicine a step closer. This review summarizes the investigations where ML techniques have been applied to study new approaches that could be used in inflammatory-related, hepatitis viruses-induced, and coronavirus disease 2019-induced liver damage and enlighten the factors involved in CLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Bernáldez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Juan A Vargas-Nuñez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid 28222, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico
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20
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Phung HH, Lee CH. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and their application to new drug development. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:761-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Annevelink CE, Walker RE, Shearer GC. Esterified Oxylipins: Do They Matter? Metabolites 2022; 12:1007. [PMID: 36355090 PMCID: PMC9697791 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids that share several similar biochemical characteristics and functions to fatty acids including transport and trafficking. Oxylipins are most commonly measured in the non-esterified form which can be found in plasma, free or bound to albumin. The non-esterified form, however, reflects only one of the possible pools of oxylipins and is by far the least abundant circulating form of oxylipins. Further, this fraction cannot reliably be extrapolated to the other, more abundant, esterified pool. In cells too, esterified oxylipins are the most abundant form, but are seldom measured and their potential roles in signaling are not well established. In this review, we examine the current literature on experimental oxylipin measurements to describe the lack in reporting the esterified oxylipin pool. We outline the metabolic and experimental importance of esterified oxylipins using well established roles of fatty acid trafficking in non-esterified fatty acids and in esterified form as components of circulating lipoproteins. Finally, we use mathematical modeling to simulate how exchange between cellular esterified and unesterified pools would affect intracellular signaling.. The explicit inclusion of esterified oxylipins along with the non-esterified pool has the potential to convey a more complete assessment of the metabolic consequences of oxylipin trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory C. Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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22
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Irisin Is Related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092253. [PMID: 36140354 PMCID: PMC9496390 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a cytokine involved in many metabolic pathways occurring, among others, in muscles, adipose tissue and liver. Thus, fluctuations in irisin levels are suggested to be related to metabolic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate whether irisin may be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 138 patients (70/68 male/female, mean age 65.61 ± 10.44 years) were enrolled in the study. The patients were assigned to the NAFLD group (n = 72, including 46 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM]) and the group without NAFLD (n = 66, 31 patients with T2DM). NAFLD was diagnosed based on ultrasound examination, Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and Fatty Liver Index. Baseline anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were collected. The serum irisin level was determined using an ELISA test. We observed that NAFLD was associated with an increased concentration of irisin. Moreover, Spearman correlations and linear regression analysis revealed that irisin level correlates with some anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, aspartic aminotransferase, creatinine and urea. Logistic regression analysis depicted that odds for NAFLD increase 1.17 times for each 1 μg/mL rise of irisin concentration. Finally, ROC analysis showed that the concentration of irisin possesses a discriminate capacity for NAFLD and optimal cut points concentration could be designed. The risk of NAFLD in the subgroup with irisin concentration above 3.235 μg/mL was 4.57 times higher than in patients with the lower concentration of irisin. To conclude, the obtained results suggest that irisin concentration is associated with some anthropometric and biochemical parameters and should be further investigated toward its usage as a diagnostic biomarker of NAFLD.
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Latorre J, Díaz-Trelles R, Comas F, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Milbank E, Dragano N, Morón-Ros S, Mukthavaram R, Ortega F, Castells-Nobau A, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Ricart W, Karmali PP, Tachikawa K, Chivukula P, Villarroya F, López M, Giralt M, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Downregulation of hepatic lipopolysaccharide binding protein improves lipogenesis-induced liver lipid accumulation. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:599-613. [PMID: 36090751 PMCID: PMC9418749 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is increased in individuals with liver steatosis. We aimed to evaluate the possible impact of liver LBP downregulation using lipid nanoparticle-containing chemically modified LBP small interfering RNA (siRNA) (LNP-Lbp UNA-siRNA) on the development of fatty liver. Weekly LNP-Lbp UNA-siRNA was administered to mice fed a standard chow diet, a high-fat and high-sucrose diet, and a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD). In mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet, which displayed induced liver lipogenesis, LBP downregulation led to reduced liver lipid accumulation, lipogenesis (mainly stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 [Scd1]) and lipid peroxidation-associated oxidative stress markers. LNP-Lbp UNA-siRNA also resulted in significantly decreased blood glucose levels during an insulin tolerance test. In mice fed a standard chow diet or an MCD, in which liver lipogenesis was not induced or was inhibited (especially Scd1 mRNA), liver LBP downregulation did not impact on liver steatosis. The link between hepatocyte LBP and lipogenesis was further confirmed in palmitate-treated Hepa1-6 cells, in primary human hepatocytes, and in subjects with morbid obesity. Altogether, these data indicate that siRNA against liver Lbp mRNA constitutes a potential target therapy for obesity-associated fatty liver through the modulation of hepatic Scd1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Comas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/025), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nathalia Dragano
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Samantha Morón-Ros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/025), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Castells-Nobau
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/025), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/025), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author José María Moreno-Navarrete, PhD, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 17007 Girona, Spain.
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Alteration of fecal microbiome and metabolome by mung bean coat improves diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on metabolic profile of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14047. [PMID: 35982162 PMCID: PMC9388548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is the first effort to evaluate the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on the serum level of liver enzymes, homocysteine, grade of hepatic steatosis, and metabolic profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Forty patients with NAFLD were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to receive either one oral tablet of vitamin B12 (1000 µg cyanocobalamin) or a placebo per day for 12 weeks. We investigated serum levels of homocysteine, aminotransferases, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipids, malondialdehyde (MDA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The grade of liver steatosis and fibrosis was measured by real-time 2-dimensional shear wave elastography. Vitamin B12 supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of homocysteine compared to placebo (medians: - 2.1 vs. - 0.003 µmol/l; P = 0.038). Although serum alanine transaminase (ALT) in the vitamin B12 group decreased significantly, this change did not reach a significant level compared to the placebo group (medians: - 7.0 vs. 0.0 IU/l; P > 0.05). Despite the significant within-group decrease in FBG, MDA, and liver steatosis in the vitamin B12 group, between-group comparisons did not reveal any significant difference. Vitamin B12 supplementation might decrease serum levels of homocysteine in patients with NAFLD. The fasting blood glucose and serum levels of MDA were significantly improved in the trial group who received vitamin B12. However, these changes did not reach a significant level compared to the placebo group. In this respect, further studies with larger sample sizes, different doses, and types of vitamin B12 will reveal additional evidence.Trial Registration: At http://irct.ir/ as IRCT20120718010333N5 on December 25, 2019.
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Increased Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet after Lifestyle Intervention Improves Oxidative and Inflammatory Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081440. [PMID: 35892642 PMCID: PMC9332159 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is recommended as a therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because there is no specific pharmacological treatment for this disease. Objective: To assess the relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the intrahepatic fat content (IFC), levels of oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers after a 6-month lifestyle intervention in NAFLD patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n = 60 adults; 40–60 years old) living in the Balearic Islands, Spain, were classified into two groups, according to the adherence to the MedDiet after 6 months of lifestyle intervention. Anthropometry, blood pressure, IFC, maximal oxygen uptake, and pro/antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma and in PBMCs before and after the intervention. Results: Reductions in weight, body mass index, IFC, blood pressure levels, circulating glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and markers of liver damage—aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18)—were observed after the intervention. The highest reductions were observed in the group with the best adherence to the MedDiet. A significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness was also observed in the group with a higher adherence. The activities of catalase in plasma and catalase and superoxide dismutase in blood mononuclear cells increased only in the group with a higher adherence, as well as the catalase gene expression in the blood mononuclear cells. The plasma levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase decreased, and resolvin-D1 increased in both groups after the intervention, whereas interleukin-6 levels decreased only in the group with a higher adherence to the MedDiet. Conclusions: A greater adherence to the MedDiet is related to greater improvements in IFC, cardiorespiratory fitness, and pro-oxidative and proinflammatory status in NAFLD patients after a 6-month nutritional intervention based on the MedDiet.
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés M, Bouzas C, Montemayor S, Mascaró CM, Casares M, Llompart I, Gámez JM, Tejada S, Martínez JA, Tur JA, Sureda A. A Greater Improvement of Intrahepatic Fat Contents after 6 Months of Lifestyle Intervention Is Related to a Better Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Status in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071266. [PMID: 35883758 PMCID: PMC9311979 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver parenchyma. To date, there is no effective pharmacological treatment against NAFLD. Objective: To assess the relationship between the improvement of the intrahepatic fat content (IFC) in patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation after 6 months of lifestyle intervention. Patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n = 60 adults; 40–60 years old) residing in the Balearic Islands, Spain, were distributed in tertiles attending the improvement of IFC calculated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anthropometrics, blood pressure, maximal oxygen uptake, and pro/antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were determined in plasma before and after the lifestyle intervention. The improvement in IFC levels was higher in tertile 3 with respect to tertiles 2 and 1. The greatest improvement in IFC is related to cardiorespiratory fitness and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (ADM). Higher reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed in tertile 3 with respect to tertile 1 after 6 months of intervention. The improvement in catalase, irisin, and cytokeratin 18 plasma levels were higher in tertile 3, whereas no differences were observed in superoxide dismutase activity. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels, as biomarkers of oxidative damage, remained unchanged in all groups. The present data show that the reduction of IFC is associated with an improvement in pro/antioxidant and pro-inflammatory status and a better cardiorespiratory fitness in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Isabel Llompart
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José M. Gámez
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Cardiology Service, University Hospital Son Llàtzer, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados de la Alimentación (IMDEA Food-CEI UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-173146; Fax: +34-971-173184
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands—IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (I.L.); (J.M.G.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ge H, Wei W, Tang L, Tian Y, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Liu S. CONSORT-Characteristics and metabolic phenotype of gut microbiota in NAFLD patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29347. [PMID: 35758365 PMCID: PMC9276074 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have symptoms of a gut microbiota disorder with abnormal amino acid and glycolipid metabolism. This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with NAFLD, predict the gut microbiota phenotype, explore its role in the diagnosis of NAFLD, and establish its significance in disease progression.The characteristics of the gut microbiota in NAFLD patients (n = 28, 45.8 ± 14.2 years, male/female = 18/10) and healthy subjects (n = 20, 49.6 ± 4.8 years, male/female = 14/6) during March-May 2020 were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and the phenotypes with large differences were predicted using the Tax4Fun method. The metabolites in the fecal samples of the patients were analyzed using mass spectrometry, and their correlation with different microorganisms was examined. The accuracy of the gut microbiota in diagnosing NAFLD was investigated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.We found that the microbial diversity and Bacteroides/Firmicutes (BF) ratio changed significantly (P < .05) in the feces of NAFLD patients. Phenotypic prediction showed that there were significant differences in the phenotypes of amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism of gut microbiota in the NAFLD group (P < .05). receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that combination of Bacteroides and the BF ratio resulted in 88% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, when used for NAFLD diagnosis. Metabolomics and bioinformatics analysis revealed changes in the metabolism of nicotinate, nicotinamide, and pyrimidine; signaling pathways of calcium and oxytocin; pancreatic secretion with metabolites such as uracil, xanthine, and biliverdin; and enzymes such as xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase (P < .05).Therefore, the phenotypic changes may be a potential marker for NAFLD and we considered that a combined analysis of Bacteroides and BF ratio had good diagnostic accuracy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haize Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Severe Hepatitis, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Osteology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqiong Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuye Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
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Asghari S, Rezaei M, Rafraf M, Taghizadeh M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ebadi M. Effects of Calorie Restricted Diet on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status Biomarkers and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122509. [PMID: 35745238 PMCID: PMC9231395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the effects of a calorie-restricted (CR) diet on oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with NAFLD and the potential mediating role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) in this regard. This randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out on sixty patients with NAFLD aged 20 to 60 years with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m2. Participants were randomly assigned to either the CR diet group (received a prescribed low-calorie diet for twelve weeks, n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, and physical activity data were collected for all participants at baseline and at the end of the trial. Significant reductions in weight, BMI, waist circumference, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed in the CR diet group compared to the control group (all p < 0.05). Liver steatosis grade, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and FGF-21, as well as erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities did not show significant changes in the CR group when compared to the controls at the end of the study (p > 0.05). CR diet with moderate weight loss has some favorable effects on NAFLD but was not able to modify oxidative/anti-oxidative status in these patients. Future studies are warranted to target the effects of long-term interventions with a greater weight loss in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556117, Iran; (S.A.); (M.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Mahsa Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556117, Iran; (S.A.); (M.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran;
| | - Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556117, Iran; (S.A.); (M.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran;
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, 154 Wattletree Rd, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - Maryam Ebadi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-248-1892
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30
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Exploring the Path of Mediterranean Diet, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Inflammation towards 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk: The ATTICA Study 10-Year Follow-Up (2002-2012). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122367. [PMID: 35745097 PMCID: PMC9229573 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease, affecting ~30% of the population and increasing CVD. This study aimed to explore the direct, indirect and combined effects of Mediterranean diet, NAFLD and inflammation on the 10-year CVD risk in a healthy adult population. Methods: Using baseline and 10-year follow-up data from the ATTICA study, adherence to Mediterranean diet was measured using MedDietScore, and presence of NAFLD at baseline was assessed using the fatty liver index (FLI). Participants’ 10-year CVD outcomes were recorded and C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as a surrogate marker for inflammation. The direct and indirect roles of these factors were explored using logistic regression models and the pathways between them were analysed using a structural equation model (SEM). Results: NAFLD prevalence was 22.9% and its presence was 17% less likely for every unit increase in MedDietScore. NAFLD presence at baseline was associated with increased 10-year CVD incidence (39.4% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.002), but when adjusted for MedDietScore, NAFLD was not an independent predictor of 10-year CVD risk. MedDietScore was an independent protective factor of 10-year CVD risk (OR = 0.989, 95% CI: 0.847, 0.935), when adjusted for NAFLD at baseline, age, gender, sedentary lifestyle and other confounders. Further exploration using SEM showed that MedDietScore was associated with CVD risk directly even when inflammation as CRP was introduced as a potential mediator. Conclusion: FLI as a proxy measure of NAFLD is a strong predictor of 10-year CVD risk, and this prognostic relationship seems to be moderated by the level of adherence to Mediterranean diet. Adherence to Mediterranean diet remained an independent and direct CVD risk factor irrespective of NAFLD status and CRP.
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Demir C, Keskin S, Şen F. ANOM Approach for Statistical Evaluation of Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities. Front Chem 2022; 10:894547. [PMID: 35720997 PMCID: PMC9204522 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.894547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are chemical molecules that are more reactive and have an unpaired electron. Free radicals formed inside the cell oxidize biomolecules, leading to cell death and tissue damage. Antioxidants are molecules that can stabilize or inactivate free radicals before they damage the cell. In this study; the availability of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Reduced glutathione levels as markers for related diseases was evaluated by examining whether and in what range they may vary in some diseases. In study, nine groups consist of prostate cancer, cirrhosis, liver transplantation, chronic kidney damage, acute kidney injury, X-ray exposure, CT exposure, MR exposure and Osteonecrosis. Analysis of means is a method developed to compare group means with the overall mean and presents the results graphically in an easy-to-understand manner without the required for any post hoc test. In addition, related characteristics were categorized as “low and high” and Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis was conducted to visually present their relationship with related disease types in two-dimensional space. The upper and lower decision lines were found 3.123 and 2.794 μmol/L, respectively for Malondialdehyde. Those with cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney disease and tomography exposure were included in the upper and lower decision lines. Those with prostate cancer, osteonecrosis, and X-ray exposure were above the upper decision line and are found higher than the overall mean. Those with lung transplantation and MR exposure appear to be below the lower decision line and lower than the overall mean. The present study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the availability of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Reduced glutathione levels as markers for some related diseases. This study has shown that Analysis of means can be used as an alternative graphical procedure for multiple group comparisons with an overall mean in the studies regarding as biochemical characteristics and relating diseases. In addition, Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis can be useful aid for decision marker in some biochemical characteristics and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Demir
- Department of Biostatistics Zeve Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Canan Demir,
| | - Sıddık Keskin
- Department of Biostatistics Zeve Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Kutahya, Turkey
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Alzahrani NS, Alshammari GM, El-Ansary A, Yagoub AEA, Amina M, Saleh A, Yahya MA. Anti-Hyperlipidemia, Hypoglycemic, and Hepatoprotective Impacts of Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) Grains and Their Ethanol Extract on Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091791. [PMID: 35565759 PMCID: PMC9105973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the anti-hyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects of whole pearl millet grain powder (MPG) and its ethanol extract (MPGethaolE) in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. The rats were divided into eight groups based on the treatments they received: control, high fat diet (HFD), HFD + MGE (25 mg/Kg), HFD + MPGethaolE (50 mg/Kg), HFD + MPGethaolE (100 mg/Kg), HFD + MPG (10%), HFD + MPG (20%), and HFD + MPG (30%). The final body weight, visceral, epididymal fat pads, and the liver weight were significantly decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, in HFD fed rats that were co-administered either the MPG powder or MPGethaolE. In the same line, serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), as well as fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and adiponectin were progressively decreased while serum levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c) were significantly increased when increasing the doses of both treatments. In conclusion, both the raw powder and ethanolic extract of MP have a comparative dose-dependent anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-steatotic in HFD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah S. Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Saleh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.); (A.E.A.Y.); (A.S.); (M.A.Y.)
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Meta-Inflammation and De Novo Lipogenesis Markers Are Involved in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease Progression in BTBR ob/ob Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073965. [PMID: 35409324 PMCID: PMC8999923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and usually associated with obesity and diabetes. Our aim is to characterize the pathophysiological mechanism involved in MAFLD development in Black Tan and brachyuric (BTBR) insulin-resistant mice in combination with leptin deficiency (ob/ob). We studied liver morphology and biochemistry on our diabetic and obese mice model (BTBR ob/ob) as well as a diabetic non-obese control (BTBR + streptozotocin) and non-diabetic control mice (BTBR wild type) from 4–22 weeks. Lipid composition was assessed, and lipid related pathways were studied at transcriptional and protein level. Microvesicular steatosis was evident in BTBR ob/ob from week 6, progressing to macrovesicular in the following weeks. At 12th week, inflammatory clusters, activation of STAT3 and Nrf2 signaling pathways, and hepatocellular ballooning. At 22 weeks, the histopathological features previously observed were maintained and no signs of fibrosis were detected. Lipidomic analysis showed profiles associated with de novo lipogenesis (DNL). BTBR ob/ob mice develop MAFLD profile that resemble pathological features observed in humans, with overactivation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and DNL signaling pathways. Therefore, BTBR ob/ob mouse is an excellent model for the study of the steatosis to steatohepatitis transition.
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Dong B, Chen Y, Lyu G, Chen Y, Qin R. Quantitative Assessment of Portal Hypertension by Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography in Rat Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Comparison With Four Composite Scores. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:844558. [PMID: 35433761 PMCID: PMC9008888 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.844558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradients is the gold standard for assessing portal hypertension (PH) but is invasive with potential complications. We aimed to assess the performance in liver and spleen stiffness measurement (LSM and SSM, respectively) by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) and composite scores including liver stiffness-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score (LSPS), platelet (PLT) count/spleen diameter ratio (PSR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), and AST-to-PLT ratio index (APRI) for diagnosing PH in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rat models. Methods Animal models with PH in NAFLD were established in 65 rats, which then underwent 2D-SWE measurements. Morphological and biological parameters were collected for calculation of four composite scores. Correlations of noninvasive methods with portal venous pressure were evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of noninvasive methods in predicting PH. Results LSM and SSM were significantly associated with portal venous pressure (r = 0.636 and 0.602, respectively; all P < 0.001). The AUCs of LSM and SSM in the diagnosis of PH were 0.906 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.841–0.97) and 0.87 (95% CI:0.776–0.964), respectively, and were significantly higher than those in composite scores. The AUCs for LSPS, PSR, AAR, and APRI were 0.793, 0.52, 0.668, and 0.533, respectively, for diagnosing PH. The AUCs of the combined models of LSM and SSM, LSM and PLT, SSM and PLT, and LSM, SSM and PLT were 0.923, 0.913, 0.872, and 0.923, respectively. The four combined models showed no statistical differences compared to LSM and SSM in evaluating PH (all P > 0.05). Conclusions LSM and SSM by 2D-SWE can be used as promising noninvasive parameters for diagnosing PH in NAFLD and have higher accuracy than composite scores. The combined models, compared to LSM and SSM, did not significantly improve the performance in diagnosing PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtian Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Guorong Lyu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guorong Lyu
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ran Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Yu Y, Tian T, Tan S, Wu P, Guo Y, Li M, Huang M. MicroRNA-665-3p exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2927-2942. [PMID: 35038955 PMCID: PMC8973643 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2017698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are major culprits of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MicroRNA-665-3p (miR-665-3p) is implicated in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress; however, its role and molecular basis in NAFLD remain elusive. Herein, we measured a significant upregulation of miR-665-3p level in the liver and primary hepatocytes upon high fat diet (HFD) or 0.5 mmol/L palmitic acid plus 1.0 mmol/L oleic acid stimulation, and the elevated miR-665-3p expression aggravated oxidative stress, inflammation and NAFLD progression in mice. In contrast, miR-665-3p inhibition by the miR-665-3p antagomir significantly prevented HFD-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatic dysfunction in vivo. Manipulation of miR-665-3p in primary hepatocytes also caused similar phenotypic alterations in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-665-3p directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) to downregulate its expression and inactivated the downstream AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) pathway, thereby facilitating oxidative stress, inflammation and NAFLD progression. Our findings identify miR-665-3p as an endogenous positive regulator of NAFLD via inactivating FNDC5/AMPKα pathway, and inhibiting miR-665-3p may provide novel therapeutic strategies to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyun Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengbo Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yitian Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- Department of Nutrition, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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A Lard and Soybean Oil Mixture Alleviates Low-Fat-High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030560. [PMID: 35276916 PMCID: PMC8840387 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habit is highly related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Low-fat–high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diets could induce lean NAFLD in Asians. Previously, we found that a lard and soybean oil mixture reduced fat accumulation with a medium-fat diet; therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of a lard and soybean oil mixture (LFHC diet) on NAFLD and its underlying mechanisms. Mice in groups were fed with lard, soybean oil, or a lard and soybean oil mixture—an LFHC diet—separately. Our results showed that mixed oil significantly inhibited serum triglyceride, liver triglyceride, serum free fatty acids (FFAs), and liver FFAs compared with soybean oil or lard, and we found fewer inflammatory cells in mice fed with mixed oil. RNA-seq results indicate that mixed oil reduced FFAs transportation into the liver via decreasing liver fatty acid-binding protein 2 expression, inhibited oxidative phosphorylation via tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 downregulation, and alleviated inflammation via downregulating inflammatory cytokine. The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that the mixed oil promoted bile acid conjugated with taurine and glycine, thus activating G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 for improved lipids metabolism. In conclusion, the lard and soybean oil mixture alleviated NAFLD.
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Chang TY, Wu CH, Chang CY, Lee FJ, Wang BW, Doong JY, Lin YS, Kuo CS, Huang RFS. Optimal Dietary Intake Composition of Choline and Betaine Is Associated with Minimized Visceral Obesity-Related Hepatic Steatosis in a Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:261. [PMID: 35057441 PMCID: PMC8779168 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies on humans have comprehensively evaluated the intake composition of methyl-donor nutrients (MDNs: choline, betaine, and folate) in relation to visceral obesity (VOB)-related hepatic steatosis (HS), the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. In this case-control study, we recruited 105 patients with HS and 104 without HS (controls). HS was diagnosed through ultrasound examination. VOB was measured using a whole-body analyzer. MDN intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for multiple HS risk factors, total choline intake was the most significant dietary determinant of HS in patients with VOB (Beta: -0.41, p = 0.01). Low intake of choline (<6.9 mg/kg body weight), betaine (<3.1 mg/kg body weight), and folate (<8.8 μg/kg body weight) predicted increased odds ratios (ORs) of VOB-related HS (choline: OR: 22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.5-80; betaine: OR: 14, 95% CI: 4.4-50; and folate: OR: 19, 95% CI: 5.2-74). Combined high intake of choline and betaine, but not folate, was associated with an 81% reduction in VOB-related HS (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.69). Our data suggest that the optimal intake of choline and betaine can minimize the risk of VOB-related HS in a threshold-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Chien-Hsien Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yang Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (F.-J.L.)
| | - Fu-Jen Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (F.-J.L.)
| | - Bei-Wen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yau Doong
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Yu-Shun Lin
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Chang-Sheng Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan;
| | - Rwei-Fen S. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
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Karami S, Poustchi H, Sarmadi N, Radmard AR, Ali Yari F, Pakdel A, Shabani P. Association of anti-oxidative capacity of HDL with subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:121. [PMID: 34702329 PMCID: PMC8549143 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are at a substantial risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is well known to have protective effects against the development of atherosclerotic CVD. One of the major antiatherogenic effects of HDL is its anti-oxidative function. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association of anti-oxidative capacity of HDL with subclinical atherosclerosis in NAFLD and non-NAFLD subjects. METHODS A total of 143 subjects including 51 NAFLD and 92 control subjects were included in this case-control study. HDL oxidative index (HOI) was determined spectrophotometrically using a cell-free method in the presence of a fluorescent substrate dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels were assessed in both groups. RESULTS The NAFLD patients with impaired HDL anti-oxidative function (HOI ≥ 1) had higher MDA levels, aspartate amino transferase (AST), liver stiffness (LS), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) values compared to the controls. HDL oxidative index (HOI) was positively correlated with MDA levels and cIMT and negatively correlated with SOD activity. CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating levels of MDA were associated with the impaired anti-oxidative function of HDL in NAFLD. The impaired anti-oxidative capacity of HDL might be related to NAFLD severity and subclinical atherosclerosis in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Sarmadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Radmard
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ali Yari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Shabani
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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Sohrabi M, Gholami A, Amir Kalali B, Khoonsari M, Sahraei R, Nasiri Toosi M, Zamani F, Keyvani H. Are Serum Levels of Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Forkhead Box Protein P3 in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Related to Severity of Fibrosis? Middle East J Dig Dis 2021; 13:356-362. [PMID: 36606010 PMCID: PMC9489454 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2021.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has a significant impact on the development and progression of fatty liver diseases.In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between serum levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) and Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3)with fibrosis severity among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). METHODS In a prospective study, the patients suspicios of havingfatty liver were enrolled. The exclusion criteria lack of viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson's or other known liver diseases,history of liver or biliary surgery,bariatric surgery, and medications that influence liver metabolism. The participantsunderwent liver fibroscan. According to liver fibrosis, the patients weredivided into two groups; 1)fibrosis less than 7.2 KP,2)advanced NAFLD, fibrosis ≥7.3 KP. A10 cc fasting blood sample was taken from each patient for laboratory assessments.The variables between the two groups were compared using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test.The independence of cytokines was assessed by a logistic regression test. RESULTS Totally 90 patients were enrolled.The mean age was 42.21 ± 11 years. Of them, 50 and 47 participants were allocated to groups 1 and 2, respectively. In the univariate analysis, we revealed asignificant difference between age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, liver enzymes, total cholesterol, andtriglyceride levels. Also, there was a significant difference betweenthe levels of NFKB and FOXP3 in group one compared with group two of the participants,as FOXP3(9.17 ± 10.0 vs. 18.63 ± 12.9; p < 0.001) and NFKB (1.70 ± 1.70; p < 0.01). After excluding the confounding factors, we observed a significant association between fibrosis level and cytokine levels in logistic regression. CONCLUSION Serum levels of NFKB and FOXP3 increased by advancing liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.This is an independent association. The identification of intermediary regulatory factors would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amir Kalali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Khoonsari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghieh Sahraei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri Toosi
- Liver transplantation Research Center. Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Tehran iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
,Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
,Corresponding Author: Hossein Keyvani, PhD Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel : + 98 21 88941831 Fax : + 98 21 88941831
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Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Oxidative Stress and Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults with Normal Weight, Overweight and Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050813. [PMID: 34065281 PMCID: PMC8161114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is an important pathology in public health worldwide. Obese patients are characterized by higher cardiovascular risk and a pro-inflammatory profile. Objective: To assess the oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma in adults with normal weight, overweight and obesity. Methods: One hundred and fifty adults (55-80-years-old; 60% women) from the Balearic Islands, Spain, were recruited and classified according to body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric measurements were carried out, fasting blood samples were collected and plasma and PBMCs were obtained. Biochemical parameters, hemogram, antioxidant enzyme activities and protein levels, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and cytokine (tumour necrosis factor, TNFα, and interleukin 6, IL-6) levels were measured. Results: Glycaemia, triglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were higher, and HDL-cholesterol was lower in obese patients. MDA and TNFα plasma levels were higher in the obese compared to normal-weight group, while the levels of IL-6 were higher in both obese and overweight subjects with respect to normal-weight peers. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes in PBMCs as well as the production ROS progressively increased with BMI. The protein levels of catalase in PBMCs were higher in obese and glutathione reductase in obese and overweight subjects compared to normal-weight peers. No other differences were observed. Conclusion: The current results show that overweight and obesity are related to an increase in pro-oxidant and proinflammatory status in plasma and PBMCs. The studied biomarkers may be useful for monitoring the progression/reversal of obesity.
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Martinez-Urbistondo D, Suarez del Villar R, Argemí J, Daimiel L, Ramos-López O, San-Cristobal R, Villares P, Martinez JA. Antioxidant Lifestyle, Co-Morbidities and Quality of Life Empowerment Concerning Liver Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111125. [PMID: 33202851 PMCID: PMC7696605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of liver fibrosis has gained importance since the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Indeed, the description of the association between undetected liver fibrosis and lifestyle in terms of antioxidant habits, comorbidity and quality of life (QoL) domains may help in the characterization of subjects with NAFLD. A cross-sectional evaluation of (n = 116) consecutive patients from an Internal Medicine ambulatory evaluation was performed. Demographic data, lifestyle, co-morbidity, QoL (according to the SF-36 index) and analytical values to calculate the oxidative related Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index were recorded. The association between FIB-4 and co-morbidity, antioxidant habits in QoL was assessed in univariate analysis (p < 0.05) and confirmed in multivariable analysis for 4 of the 8 SF-36 categories: Physical QoL, Physical role, Social QoL and General QoL, as well as in the Physical summary of SF-36 (p < 0.05). Finally, interactions were assessed between co-morbidity, FIB-4 and antioxidant habits showed in the prediction of mean SF-36 (p < 0.01). Liver fibrosis assessed by the oxidative surrogate index FIB-4 is associated with the interaction between antioxidant lifestyle, co-morbidity and physical, social and general aspects of QoL in apparent liver disease-free individuals, generating a proof of concept for health empowerment and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martinez-Urbistondo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.d.V.); (P.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafael Suarez del Villar
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.d.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Josepmaria Argemí
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Precision Nutrition Program, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (R.S.-C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Omar Ramos-López
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Precision Nutrition Program, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (R.S.-C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Paula Villares
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.d.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition Program, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (R.S.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- CIBERobn: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Physiopathology of Lifestyle Interventions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113472. [PMID: 33198247 PMCID: PMC7697937 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem, and its prevalence has increased in recent years. Diet and exercise interventions are the first-line treatment options, with weight loss via a hypocaloric diet being the most important therapeutic target in NAFLD. However, most NAFLD patients are not able to achieve such weight loss. Therefore, the requisite is the investigation of other effective therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes research on understanding complex pathophysiology underlying dietary approaches and exercise interventions with the potential to prevent and treat NAFLD.
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Senesi P, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218372. [PMID: 33171610 PMCID: PMC7664629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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