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Wang T, Jia Z, An C, Ren P, Yang Y, Wang W, Su L. The Protective Effect of Auricularia cornea var. Li. Polysaccharide on Alcoholic Liver Disease and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota. Molecules 2023; 28:8003. [PMID: 38138493 PMCID: PMC10745760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to examine the protective effect and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide (AYP) from Auricularia cornea var. Li. on alcoholic liver disease in mice. AYP was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Auricularia cornea var. Li. by enzymatic extraction and purified by DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-400. Structural features were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. Additionally, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice were established to explore the hepatoprotective activity of AYP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d). Here, our results showed that AYP presented high purity with a molecular weight of 4.64 × 105 Da. AYP was composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, ribos, glucuronic acid and fucose (molar ratio: 39.5:32.9:23.6:18.3:6.5:5.8:5.8:3.3:2:1.1). Notably, AYP remarkably reduced liver function impairment (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC)), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (gGSH)) in mice with ALD. Meanwhile, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were reduced in ALD mice treated by AYP. Furthermore, the AYPH group was the most effective and was therefore chosen to further investigate its effect on the intestinal microbiota (bacteria and fungi) of ALD mice. Based on 16s rRNA and ITS-1 sequencing data, AYP influenced the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota to mitigate the damage of ALD mice, possibly by raising the abundance of favorable microbiota (Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Kazachstania) and diminishing the abundance of detrimental microbiota (Lactobacillus, Mortierella and Candida). This discovery opens new possibilities for investigating physiological activity in A. cornea var. Li. and provides theoretical references for natural liver-protecting medication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Zikun Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Canghai An
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Ping Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ling Su
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
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Wang W, Xu C, Wang Q, Hussain MA, Wang C, Hou J, Jiang Z. Protective Effect of Polyphenols, Protein, Peptides, and Polysaccharides on Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Review of Research Status and Molecular Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37001022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has emerged as an important public health problem in the world. The polyphenols, protein, peptides, and polysaccharides have attracted attention for prevention or treatment of ALD. Therefore, this paper reviews the pathogenesis of ALD, the relationship between polyphenols, peptides, polysaccharides, and ALD, and expounds the mechanism of gut microbiota on protecting ALD. It is mainly found that the hydroxyl group of polyphenols endows it with antioxidation to protect ALD. The ALD protection of bioactive peptides is related to amino acid composition. The ALD protection of polysaccharides is related to the primary structure. Meanwhile, polyphenols, protein, peptides, and polysaccharides prevent or treat ALD by antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota regulation. This contribution provides updated information on polyphenols, protein, peptides, and polysaccharides in response to ALD, which will not only facilitate the development of novel bioactive components but also the future application of functional food raw materials will be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Beidahuang Wondersun Dairy Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
| | - Muhammad Altaf Hussain
- Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Science Uthal, Balochistan 90150, Pakistan
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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3
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Luo C, Wei X, Song J, Xu X, Huang H, Fan S, Zhang D, Han L, Lin J. Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Polyphenols: New Insights into the Treatment of Fatigue. Molecules 2022; 27:7377. [PMID: 36364203 PMCID: PMC9653952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue seriously affects people's work efficiency and quality of life and has become a common health problem in modern societies around the world. The pathophysiology of fatigue is complex and not fully clear. To some degree, interactions between gut microbiota and host may be the cause of fatigue progression. Polyphenols such as tannin, tea polyphenols, curcumin, and soybean isoflavones relieve fatigue significantly. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is able to convert these active compounds into more active metabolites through intestinal fermentation. However, the mechanism of anti-fatigue polyphenols is currently mainly analyzed from the perspective of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and changes in gut microbiota are rarely considered. This review focuses on gut microecology and systematically summarizes the latest theoretical and research findings on the interaction of gut microbiota, fatigue, and polyphenols. First, we outline the relationship between gut microbiota and fatigue, including changes in the gut microbiota during fatigue and how they interact with the host. Next, we describe the interactions between the gut microbiota and polyphenols in fatigue treatment (regulation of the gut microbiota by polyphenols and metabolism of polyphenols by the gut microbiota), and how the importance of potential active metabolites (such as urolithin) produced by the decomposition of polyphenols by gut microbiota is emerging. Based on the new perspective of gut microbiota, this review provides interesting insights into the mechanism of polyphenols in fatigue treatment and clarifies the potential of polyphenols as targets for anti-fatigue product development, aiming to provide a useful basis for further research and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xichuan Wei
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Jiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sichuan Huamei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
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Zhang H, Zuo Y, Zhao H, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang P, Sun L, Zhang H, Liang H. Folic acid ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury via gut–liver axis homeostasis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:989311. [PMID: 36337656 PMCID: PMC9632181 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut–liver axis (GLA) plays an important role in the development of alcohol-induced liver injury. Alcohol consumption is typically associated with folic acid deficiency. However, no clear evidence has confirmed the effect of folic acid supplementation on alcohol-induced liver injury via GLA homeostasis. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were given 56% (v/v) ethanol and 5.0 mg/kg folic acid daily by gavage for 10 weeks to investigate potential protective mechanisms of folic acid in alcohol-induced liver injury via GLA homeostasis. Histopathological and biochemical analyses showed that folic acid improved lipid deposition and inflammation in the liver caused by alcohol consumption and decreased the level of ALT, AST, TG, and LPS in serum. Folic acid inhibited the expression of the TLR4 signaling pathway and its downstream inflammatory mediators in the liver and upregulated the expression of ZO-1, claudin 1, and occludin in the intestine. But compared with the CON group, folic acid did not completely eliminate alcohol-induced intestine and liver injury. Furthermore, folic acid regulated alcohol-induced alterations in gut microbiota. In alcohol-exposed mice, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly increased, and the relative abundance of unclassified_Lachnospiraceae was significantly decreased. Folic acid supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Akkermansia, and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. The results of Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that serum parameters and hepatic inflammatory cytokines were significantly correlated with several bacteria, mainly including Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and unclassified_Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, folic acid could ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury in mice via GLA homeostasis to some extent, providing a new idea and method for prevention of alcohol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwei Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huichao Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lirui Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liang,
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Zhao L, Wang S, Zhang N, Zhou J, Mehmood A, Raka RN, Zhou F, Zhao L. The Beneficial Effects of Natural Extracts and Bioactive Compounds on the Gut-Liver Axis: A Promising Intervention for Alcoholic Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061211. [PMID: 35740108 PMCID: PMC9219895 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can cause fatty liver (steatosis), steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Alcohol consumption can also disturb the composition of gut microbiota, increasing the composition of harmful microbes and decreasing beneficial ones. Restoring eubiosis or preventing dysbiosis after alcohol consumption is an important strategy in treating ALD. Plant natural products and polyphenolic compounds exert beneficial effects on several metabolic disorders associated with ALD. Natural products and related phytochemicals act through multiple pathways, such as modulating gut microbiota, improving redox stress, and anti-inflammation. In the present review article, we gather information on natural extract and bioactive compounds on the gut-liver axis for the possible treatment of ALD. Supplementation with natural extracts and bioactive compounds promoted the intestinal tight junction, protected against the alcohol-induced gut leakiness and inflammation, and reduced endotoxemia in alcohol-exposed animals. Taken together, natural extracts and bioactive compounds have strong potential against ALD; however, further clinical studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (R.N.R.)
| | - Shaoxuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (R.N.R.)
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (R.N.R.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Nowshin Raka
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (R.N.R.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (N.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (S.W.); (A.M.); (R.N.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Dihydroconiferyl Ferulate Isolated from Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév. Suppresses Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells via Nuclear EGFR/c-Myc Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060664. [PMID: 35745583 PMCID: PMC9231027 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of global cancer incidence and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have been identified as the target to overcome breast cancer in patients. In this study, we purified a BCSC inhibitor from Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév. leaves through several open column and high-performance liquid chromatography via activity-based purification. The purified cancer stem cell (CSC) inhibitor was identified as dihydroconiferyl ferulate using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Dihydroconiferyl ferulate inhibited the proliferation and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells and reduced the population of CD44high/CD24low cells. Dihydroconiferyl ferulate also induced apoptosis, inhibited the growth of mammospheres and reduced the level of total and nuclear EGFR protein. It suppressed the EGFR levels, the interaction of Stat3 with EGFR, and c-Myc protein levels. Our findings show that dihydroconiferyl ferulate reduced the level of nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and induced apoptosis of BCSCs through nEGFR/Stat3-dependent c-Myc deregulation. Dihydroconiferyl ferulate exhibits potential as an anti-CSC agent through nEGFR/Stat3/c-Myc signaling.
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Zeng L, Xiang R, Fu C, Qu Z, Liu C. The Regulatory effect of chlorogenic acid on gut-brain function and its mechanism: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112831. [PMID: 35303566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound that is widely distributed in honeysuckle, Eucommia, fruits and vegetables. It has various biological functions, including cardiovascular, nerve, kidney, and liver protection, and it exerts a protective effect on human health, according to clinical research and basic research. The intestine and brain are two important organs that are closely related in the human body. The intestine is even called the "second brain" in humans. However, among the many reports in the literature, an article systematically reporting the regulatory effects and specific mechanisms of CGA on the intestines and brain has not been published. In this context, this review uses the regulatory role and mechanism of CGA in the intestine and brain as the starting point and comprehensively reviews CGA metabolism in the body and the regulatory role and mechanism of CGA in the intestine and brain described in recent years. Additionally, the review speculates on the potential biological actions of CGA in the gut-brain axis. This study provides a scientific theory for CGA research in the brain and intestines and promotes the transformation of basic research and the application of CGA in food nutrition and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Southwest Hunan Research Center of Engineering for Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Rong Xiang
- The Library of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Southwest Hunan Research Center of Engineering for Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Zhihao Qu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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Li Y, Li J, Xu F, Liu G, Pang B, Liao N, Li H, Shi J. Gut microbiota as a potential target for developing anti-fatigue foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34592876 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1983768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue has many negative effects on human health. As such, it is desirable to develop anti-fatigue foods and understand the mechanisms of their action. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, this article discusses the important roles of gut microbiota in fatigue and anti-fatigue. Studies have shown that an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria co-exist when fatigue is present in both rodents and humans, whereas changes in gut microbiota were reported after intervention with anti-fatigue foods. The roles of gut microbiota in the activities of anti-fatigue foods can also be explained in the causes and the effects of fatigue. Among the causes of fatigue, the accumulation of lactic acid, decrease of energy, and reduction of central nervous system function were related to gut microbiota metabolism. Among the harmful effects of fatigue, oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction were related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, gut microbiota, together with anti-fatigue foods, can inhibit pathogen growth, convert foods into highly anti-oxidative or anti-inflammatory products, produce short-chain fatty acids, maintain intestinal barrier integrity, inhibit intestinal inflammation, and stimulate the production of neurotransmitters that regulate the central nervous system. Therefore, it is believed that gut microbiota play important roles in the activities of anti-fatigue foods and may provide new insights on the development of anti-fatigue foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Translational Approaches with Antioxidant Phytochemicals against Alcohol-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030384. [PMID: 33806556 PMCID: PMC8000766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data demonstrate the important roles of altered gut microbiomes (dysbiosis) in many disease states in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis with decreased ratios of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and other changes are reported to be caused by many disease states and various environmental factors, such as ethanol (e.g., alcohol drinking), Western-style high-fat diets, high fructose, etc. It is also caused by genetic factors, including genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in different individuals. Gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and elevated serum endotoxin levels can be observed in human patients and/or experimental rodent models exposed to these factors or with certain disease states. However, gut dysbiosis and leaky gut can be normalized through lifestyle alterations such as increased consumption of healthy diets with various fruits and vegetables containing many different kinds of antioxidant phytochemicals. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, endotoxemia, and fatty liver disease with a specific focus on the alcohol-associated pathways. We also mention translational approaches by discussing the benefits of many antioxidant phytochemicals and/or their metabolites against alcohol-mediated oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and fatty liver disease.
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