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Marín-Blázquez M, Rovira J, Ramírez-Bajo MJ, Zapata-Pérez R, Rabadán-Ros R. NAD + enhancers as therapeutic agents in the cardiorenal axis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:537. [PMID: 39516787 PMCID: PMC11546376 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal diseases represent a complex interplay between heart failure and renal dysfunction, being clinically classified as cardiorenal syndromes (CRS). Recently, the contributions of altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism, through deficient NAD+ synthesis and/or elevated consumption, have proved to be decisive in the onset and progress of cardiorenal disease. NAD+ is a pivotal coenzyme in cellular metabolism, being significant in various signaling pathways, such as energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress response. Convincing evidence suggests that strategies designed to boost cellular NAD+ levels are a promising therapeutic option to address cardiovascular and renal disorders. Here, we review and discuss the implications of NAD+ metabolism in cardiorenal diseases, focusing on the propitious NAD+ boosting therapeutic strategies, based on the use of NAD+ precursors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, sirtuin activators, and other alternative approaches, such as CD38 blockade, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activation and combined interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Marín-Blázquez
- Group of Metabolism and Genetic Regulation of Disease, UCAM HiTech Sport & Health Innovation Hub, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe de Maciascoque, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Casanova 143 CRB CELLEX sector 2B, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS 2040), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Ramírez-Bajo
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Casanova 143 CRB CELLEX sector 2B, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS 2040), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Zapata-Pérez
- Group of Metabolism and Genetic Regulation of Disease, UCAM HiTech Sport & Health Innovation Hub, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe de Maciascoque, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rubén Rabadán-Ros
- Group of Metabolism and Genetic Regulation of Disease, UCAM HiTech Sport & Health Innovation Hub, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe de Maciascoque, Murcia, Spain.
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Shi C, Wen Z, Yang Y, Shi L, Liu D. NAD+ metabolism and therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2024; 57:1-12. [PMID: 38974325 PMCID: PMC11223091 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central and pleiotropic metabolite involved in cellular energy metabolism, cell signaling, DNA repair, and protein modifications. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic stress and aging directly affect the cardiovascular system. Compelling data suggest that NAD + levels decrease with age, obesity, and hypertension, which are all notable risk factors for CVD. In addition, the therapeutic elevation of NAD + levels reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances oxidative metabolism in vascular cells of humans and rodents with vascular disorders. In preclinical models, NAD + boosting can also expand the health span, prevent metabolic syndrome, and decrease blood pressure. Moreover, NAD + storage by genetic, pharmacological, or natural dietary NAD + -increasing strategies has recently been shown to be effective in improving the pathophysiology of cardiac and vascular health in different animal models, and human health. Here, we review and discuss NAD + -related mechanisms pivotal for vascular health and summarize recent experimental evidence in NAD + research directly related to vascular disease, including atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Finally, we comparatively assess distinct NAD + precursors for their clinical efficacy and the efficiency of NAD + elevation in the treatment of major CVD. These findings may provide ideas for new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat CVD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxu Shi
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhaozhi Wen
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yihang Yang
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Linsheng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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3
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Bhasin S, Seals D, Migaud M, Musi N, Baur JA. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:1047-1073. [PMID: 37364580 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled an expansive role of NAD+ in cellular energy generation, redox reactions, and as a substrate or cosubstrate in signaling pathways that regulate health span and aging. This review provides a critical appraisal of the clinical pharmacology and the preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic effects of NAD+ precursors for age-related conditions, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disorders, and discusses gaps in current knowledge. NAD+ levels decrease throughout life; age-related decline in NAD+ bioavailability has been postulated to be a contributor to many age-related diseases. Raising NAD+ levels in model organisms by administration of NAD+ precursors improves glucose and lipid metabolism; attenuates diet-induced weight gain, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, and hepatic steatosis; reduces endothelial dysfunction; protects heart from ischemic injury; improves left ventricular function in models of heart failure; attenuates cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders; and increases health span. Early human studies show that NAD+ levels can be raised safely in blood and some tissues by oral NAD+ precursors and suggest benefit in preventing nonmelanotic skin cancer, modestly reducing blood pressure and improving lipid profile in older adults with obesity or overweight; preventing kidney injury in at-risk patients; and suppressing inflammation in Parkinson disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical pharmacology, metabolism, and therapeutic mechanisms of NAD+ precursors remain incompletely understood. We suggest that these early findings provide the rationale for adequately powered randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of NAD+ augmentation as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat metabolic disorders and age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalender Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Medicine, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marie Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of Southern Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Torres-Méndez JK, Niño-Narvión J, Martinez-Santos P, Diarte-Añazco EMG, Méndez-Lara KA, Del Olmo TV, Rotllan N, Julián MT, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Camacho M, Muñoz JP, Rossell J, Julve J. Nicotinamide Prevents Diabetic Brain Inflammation via NAD+-Dependent Deacetylation Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:3083. [PMID: 37513501 PMCID: PMC10383777 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation on the development of brain inflammation and microglial activation in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. C57BL/6J male mice, which were made diabetic with five consecutive, low-dose (55 mg/kg i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Diabetic mice were randomly distributed in different experimental groups and challenged to different doses of NAM (untreated, NAM low-dose, LD, 0.1%; NAM high-dose, HD, 0.25%) for 25 days. A control, non-diabetic group of mice was used as a reference. The NAD+ content was increased in the brains of NAM-treated mice compared with untreated diabetic mice (NAM LD: 3-fold; NAM HD: 3-fold, p-value < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that markers of inflammation (TNFα: NAM LD: -35%; NAM HD: -46%; p-value < 0.05) and microglial activation (IBA-1: NAM LD: -29%; NAM HD: -50%; p-value < 0.05; BDKRB1: NAM LD: -36%; NAM HD: -37%; p-value < 0.05) in brains from NAM-treated diabetic mice were significantly decreased compared with non-treated T1D mice. This finding was accompanied by a concomitant alleviation of nuclear NFκB (p65) signaling in treated diabetic mice (NFκB (p65): NAM LD: -38%; NAM HD: -53%, p-value < 0.05). Notably, the acetylated form of the nuclear NFκB (p65) was significantly decreased in the brains of NAM-treated, diabetic mice (NAM LD: -48%; NAM HD: -63%, p-value < 0.05) and inversely correlated with NAD+ content (r = -0.50, p-value = 0.03), suggesting increased activity of NAD+-dependent deacetylases in the brains of treated mice. Thus, dietary NAM supplementation in diabetic T1D mice prevented brain inflammation via NAD+-dependent deacetylation mechanisms, suggesting an increased action of sirtuin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Niño-Narvión
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia (UMU), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Noemi Rotllan
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Julián
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic/Central University of Catalonia (UVIC/UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Rossell
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylase and deacylase enzymes that control important cellular processes, including DNA damage repair, cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function and inflammation. Consequently, mammalian sirtuins are regarded as crucial regulators of cellular function and organism healthspan. Sirtuin activity and NAD+ levels decrease with age in many tissues, and reduced sirtuin expression is associated with several cardiovascular diseases. By contrast, increased sirtuin expression and activity slows disease progression and improves cardiovascular function in preclinical models and delays various features of cellular ageing. The potential cardiometabolic benefits of sirtuins have resulted in clinical trials with sirtuin-modulating agents; although expectations are high, these drugs have not yet been proven to improve healthspan. In this Review, we examine the role of sirtuins in atherosclerosis, summarize advances in the development of compounds that activate or inhibit sirtuin activity and critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of these agents.
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Abdellatif M, Bugger H, Kroemer G, Sedej S. NAD + and Vascular Dysfunction: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. J Lipid Atheroscler 2022; 11:111-132. [PMID: 35656147 PMCID: PMC9133775 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential and pleiotropic coenzyme involved not only in cellular energy metabolism, but also in cell signaling, epigenetic regulation, and post-translational protein modifications. Vascular disease risk factors are associated with aberrant NAD+ metabolism. Conversely, the therapeutic increase of NAD+ levels through the administration of NAD+ precursors or inhibitors of NAD+-consuming enzymes reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances oxidative metabolism in vascular cells of humans and rodents with vascular pathologies. As such, NAD+ has emerged as a potential target for combatting age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. This review discusses NAD+-regulated mechanisms critical for vascular health and summarizes new advances in NAD+ research directly related to vascular aging and disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and aortic aneurysms. Finally, we enumerate challenges and opportunities for NAD+ repletion therapy while anticipating the future of this exciting research field, which will have a major impact on vascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Guo Z, Yang J, Yang G, Feng T, Zhang X, Chen Y, Feng R, Qian Y. Effects of nicotinamide on follicular development and the quality of oocytes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:70. [PMID: 35448997 PMCID: PMC9022236 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is an important antioxidant, which is closely related to female fertility, but its role has not been clearly elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of NAM on follicular development at different stages and the quality of oocytes. METHODS The concentration of NAM in follicular fluid (FF) of 236 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the correlation between NAM and clinical indexes was analyzed. During the in vitro maturation (IVM) of mice cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), different concentrations of NAM were added to check the maturation rate and fertilization rate. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the oocytes treated with different hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NAM were assessed. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the proportion of abnormal spindles. RESULTS The level of NAM in large follicles was significantly higher than that in small follicles. In mature FF, the NAM concentration was positively correlated with the rates of oocyte maturation and fertilization. Five mM NAM treatment during IVM increased maturation rate and fertilization rate in the oxidative stress model, and significantly reduced the increase of ROS levels induced by H2O2 in mice oocytes. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of NAM in FF are associated with larger follicle development. The supplement of 5 mM NAM during IVM may improve mice oocyte quality, reducing damage caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Guo
- Reproductive Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- Reproductive Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Guangping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Reproductive Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Reproductive Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Reproductive Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Ruizhi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
| | - Yun Qian
- Reproductive Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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Sirtuin 3 Dependent and Independent Effects of NAD+ to Suppress Vascular Inflammation and Improve Endothelial Function in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040706. [PMID: 35453391 PMCID: PMC9027736 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular inflammation under the condition of hyperlipidemia. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent mitochondrial deacetylase, which plays a key role in maintaining normal mitochondrial function. The present study tested whether endothelial-selective SIRT3 deletion accelerates vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, and assessed the protective effect of NAD+ to alleviate these changes in endothelial cells and in mouse models of atherosclerosis. We found that the selective deletion of SIRT3 in endothelial cells further impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the aorta treated with IL-1β, which was accompanied by upregulation of vascular inflammation markers and mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Excepting the dysfunction of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, such effects could be attenuated by treatment with NAD+. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, SIRT3 silencing potentiated the induction of inflammatory factors by IL-1β, including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP1, and the impairment of mitochondrial respiration, both of which were alleviated by NAD+ treatment. In ApoE-deficient mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet, supplementation with nicotinamide riboside, the NAD+ precursor, reduced plaque formation, improved vascular function, and diminished vascular inflammation. Our results support the SIRT3-dependent and -independent of NAD+ to improve endothelial function in atherosclerosis.
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Rotllan N, Camacho M, Tondo M, Diarte-Añazco EMG, Canyelles M, Méndez-Lara KA, Benitez S, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Escolà-Gil JC, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Therapeutic Potential of Emerging NAD+-Increasing Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34943043 PMCID: PMC8750485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Aging and/or metabolic stress directly impact the cardiovascular system. Over the last few years, the contributions of altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism to aging and other pathological conditions closely related to cardiovascular diseases have been intensively investigated. NAD+ bioavailability decreases with age and cardiometabolic conditions in several mammalian tissues. Compelling data suggest that declining tissue NAD+ is commonly related to mitochondrial dysfunction and might be considered as a therapeutic target. Thus, NAD+ replenishment by either genetic or natural dietary NAD+-increasing strategies has been recently demonstrated to be effective for improving the pathophysiology of cardiac and vascular health in different experimental models, as well as human health, to a lesser extent. Here, we review and discuss recent experimental evidence illustrating that increasing NAD+ bioavailability, particularly by the use of natural NAD+ precursors, may offer hope for new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rotllan
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Núria Alonso
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
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Cysewski P, Przybyłek M, Kowalska A, Tymorek N. Thermodynamics and Intermolecular Interactions of Nicotinamide in Neat and Binary Solutions: Experimental Measurements and COSMO-RS Concentration Dependent Reactions Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7365. [PMID: 34298985 PMCID: PMC8306691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the temperature-dependent solubility of nicotinamide (niacin) was measured in six neat solvents and five aqueous-organic binary mixtures (methanol, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, DMSO and DMF). It was discovered that the selected set of organic solvents offer all sorts of solvent effects, including co-solvent, synergistic, and anti-solvent features, enabling flexible tuning of niacin solubility. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize the fusion thermodynamics of nicotinamide. In particular, the heat capacity change upon melting was measured. The experimental data were interpreted by means of COSMO-RS-DARE (conductor-like screening model for realistic solvation-dimerization, aggregation, and reaction extension) for concentration dependent reactions. The solute-solute and solute-solvent intermolecular interactions were found to be significant in all of the studied systems, which was proven by the computed mutual affinity of the components at the saturated conditions. The values of the Gibbs free energies of pair formation were derived at an advanced level of theory (MP2), including corrections for electron correlation and zero point vibrational energy (ZPE). In all of the studied systems the self-association of nicotinamide was found to be a predominant intermolecular complex, irrespective of the temperature and composition of the binary system. The application of the COSMO-RS-DARE approach led to a perfect match between the computed and measured solubility data, by optimizing the parameter of intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cysewski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.P.); (A.K.); (N.T.)
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Effects of different lengths of high-intensity interval training microcycles on the systemic and hippocampal inflammatory state and antioxidant balance of immature rats. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5003-5011. [PMID: 34165767 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06484-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) microcycle duration on the antioxidant capacity and hippocampal inflammatory response of young (immature) samples. This study compared two HIIT microcycles lengths on adaptation to training, antioxidant balance, and systemic and hippocampal inflammation in immature rats. Twenty-four immature Wistar rats (27 days) were equally divided into groups: control; 4-day HIIT (3 training days + 1 rest day); and 7-day HIIT (6 training days + 1 rest day). Both microcycles of 4 and 7 days were 28 days of training (37-38 m min-1). Running performance improved in all training groups compared to controls (P < 0.05). However, the 7-day HIIT group statistically increased serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to the control and 4-day HIIT groups (P < 0.05). The total serum antioxidant capacity in the 7-day HIIT group was statistically lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference for the analysis of serum malondialdehyde between the groups. The hippocampal gene expression of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the training groups was statistically higher than in the control group (P = 0.01), with no significant difference between the 4-day HIIT and 7-day HIIT groups. We concluded that HIIT microcycles with a longer duration decrease the antioxidant capacity and increase the systematic and hippocampal inflammation. Thus, we suggest using short HIIT microcycles for young (immature) groups due to improved running performance with less inflammatory and antioxidant changes.
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Blanco-Vaca F, Rotllan N, Canyelles M, Mauricio D, Escolà-Gil JC, Julve J. NAD+-Increasing Strategies to Improve Cardiometabolic Health? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:815565. [PMID: 35173682 PMCID: PMC8842632 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.815565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Depleted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a common hallmark of metabolic disorders. Therefore, NAD+-increasing strategies have evolved as a potential therapeutic venue to combat cardiometabolic diseases. Several forms of vitamin B3, i.e., nicotinamide and nicotinamide mononucleotide, and especially nicotinamide riboside, have attracted most interest as potentially safe and efficacious candidates for NAD+ restoration. Herein, we dissected the characteristics of the latest clinical trials testing the therapeutic potential of different vitamin B3 molecules to improve cardiometabolic health, with a special focus on randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials performed in the context of obesity or other pathologies, mainly linked to cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle functionality. The favorable outcomes via NAD+-increasing strategies found in the different studies were quite heterogeneous. NAD+-increasing interventions improved capacity to exercise, decreased blood pressure, increased the anti-inflammatory profile and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and reduced the fat-free mass. Except for the decreased blood pressure, the significant results did not include many hard clinical end points, such as decreases in weight, BMI, fasting glucose, or HbA1c percentage. However, the analyzed trials were short-term interventions. Overall, the accumulated clinical data can be interpreted as moderately promising. Additional and long-term studies will be needed to directly compare the doses and duration of treatments among different vitamin B3 regimes, as well as to define the type of patients, if any, that could benefit from these treatments. In this context, a major point of advancement in delineating future clinical trials would be to identify subjects with a recognized NAD+ deficiency using novel, appropriate biomarkers. Also, confirmation of gender-specific effect of NAD+-increasing treatments would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Canyelles
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Josep Julve,
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