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Moezzi SMM, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi M, Saloglu D, Sheikholeslami R. Machine learning insights into PM 2.5 changes during COVID-19 lockdown: LSTM and RF analysis in Mashhad. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:453. [PMID: 38619639 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on air quality in the city of Mashhad employing two strategies. We initiated our research using basic statistical methods such as paired sample t-tests to compare hourly PM2.5 data in two scenarios: before and during quarantine, and pre- and post-lockdown. This initial analysis provided a broad understanding of potential changes in air quality. Notably, a low reduction of 2.40% in PM2.5 was recorded when compared to air quality prior to the lockdown period. This finding highlights the wide range of factors that impact the levels of particulate matter in urban settings, with the transportation sector often being widely recognized as one of the principal causes of this issue. Nevertheless, throughout the period after the quarantine, a remarkable decrease in air quality was observed characterized by distinct seasonal patterns, in contrast to previous years. This finding demonstrates a significant correlation between changes in human mobility patterns and their influence on the air quality of urban areas. It also emphasizes the need to use air pollution modeling as a fundamental tool to evaluate and understand these linkages to support long-term plans for reducing air pollution. To obtain a more quantitative understanding, we then employed cutting-edge machine learning methods, such as random forest and long short-term memory algorithms, to accurately determine the effect of the lockdown on PM2.5 levels. Our models' results demonstrated remarkable efficacy in assessing the pollutant concentration in Mashhad during lockdown measures. The test set yielded an R-squared value of 0.82 for the long short-term memory network model, whereas the random forest model showed a calculated cross-validation R-squared of 0.78. The required computational cost for training the LSTM and the RF models across all data was 25 min and 3 s, respectively. In summary, through the integration of statistical methods and machine learning, this research attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of human interventions on air quality dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Science, Kheradgarayan Motahar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Didem Saloglu
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Management, Disaster Management Institute, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Razi Sheikholeslami
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Wang W, Zhang J. The population affected by dust in China in the springtime. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0281311. [PMID: 38394095 PMCID: PMC10889670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dust events in northern China, particularly in the springtime, affect millions of people in the source and downwind regions. We investigate the population affected by various dust levels in China in the springtime from 2003 to 2020 using satellite retrievals of dust optical depth (DOD). We select three DOD thresholds, namely DOD > 0.2, DOD > 0.3, and DOD > 0.4, to estimate the population affected and find that each year the population affected can differ by one order of magnitude. The population exposed to DOD > 0.2 ranged from 16 million (2019) to over 200 million (2006). The population exposed to DOD > 0.3 ranged from 10 million (2015) to 70 million (2006). The population exposed to DOD > 0.4 ranged from 4 million (2017) to 36 million (2006). In years when dust events are frequent, people in the source and downwind regions are both affected, whereas, in years when dust events are less frequent, people affected are mainly in the source regions. Furthermore, we use the relative index of inequality to assess whether dust hazards impose unequal pollution burdens on different socioeconomic groups. We find that low-income communities have been more likely affected by dust pollution since 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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3
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Zhang J, Feng L, Liu Z, Chen L, Gu Q. Source apportionment of heavy metals in PM 2.5 samples and effects of heavy metals on hypertension among schoolchildren in Tianjin. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8451-8472. [PMID: 37639041 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension in children has increased significantly in recent years in China. The aim of this study was to provide scientific support to control ambient heavy metals (HMs) pollution and prevent childhood hypertension. In this study, ambient HMs in PM2.5 were collected, and 1339 students from Tianjin were randomly selected. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify and determine the sources of HMs pollution. The generalized linear model, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and the quantile g-computation method were used to analyze the relationships between exposure to HMs and the risk of childhood hypertension. The results showed that HMs in PM2.5 mainly came from four sources: soil dust, coal combustion, incineration of municipal waste and the metallurgical industry. The positive relationships between As, Se and Pb exposures and childhood hypertension risk were found. Coal combustion and incineration of municipal waste were important sources of HMs in the occurrence of childhood hypertension. Based on these accomplishments, this study could provide guidelines for the government and individuals to alleviate the damaging effects of HMs in PM2.5. The government must implement policies to control prime sources of HMs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and School Hygiene, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Feng
- Department of Environmental Health and School Hygiene, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Environmental Health and School Hygiene, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and School Hygiene, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Environmental Health and School Hygiene, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Zhou X, Zou X, Tang W, Yan Z, Meng H, Luo X. Unstructured road extraction and roadside fruit recognition in grape orchards based on a synchronous detection algorithm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1103276. [PMID: 37332733 PMCID: PMC10272741 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Accurate road extraction and recognition of roadside fruit in complex orchard environments are essential prerequisites for robotic fruit picking and walking behavioral decisions. In this study, a novel algorithm was proposed for unstructured road extraction and roadside fruit synchronous recognition, with wine grapes and nonstructural orchards as research objects. Initially, a preprocessing method tailored to field orchards was proposed to reduce the interference of adverse factors in the operating environment. The preprocessing method contained 4 parts: interception of regions of interest, bilateral filter, logarithmic space transformation and image enhancement based on the MSRCR algorithm. Subsequently, the analysis of the enhanced image enabled the optimization of the gray factor, and a road region extraction method based on dual-space fusion was proposed by color channel enhancement and gray factor optimization. Furthermore, the YOLO model suitable for grape cluster recognition in the wild environment was selected, and its parameters were optimized to enhance the recognition performance of the model for randomly distributed grapes. Finally, a fusion recognition framework was innovatively established, wherein the road extraction result was taken as input, and the optimized parameter YOLO model was utilized to identify roadside fruits, thus realizing synchronous road extraction and roadside fruit detection. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method based on the pretreatment could reduce the impact of interfering factors in complex orchard environments and enhance the quality of road extraction. Using the optimized YOLOv7 model, the precision, recall, mAP, and F1-score for roadside fruit cluster detection were 88.9%, 89.7%, 93.4%, and 89.3%, respectively, all of which were higher than those of the YOLOv5 model and were more suitable for roadside grape recognition. Compared to the identification results obtained by the grape detection algorithm alone, the proposed synchronous algorithm increased the number of fruit identifications by 23.84% and the detection speed by 14.33%. This research enhanced the perception ability of robots and provided a solid support for behavioral decision systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Foshan-Zhongke Innovation Research Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Foshan, China
| | - Xiangjun Zou
- Foshan-Zhongke Innovation Research Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Foshan, China
- Foshan Sino-tech Industrial Technology Research Institute, Foshan, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Foshan-Zhongke Innovation Research Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Foshan-Zhongke Innovation Research Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Foshan, China
| | - Hewei Meng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiwen Luo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Artificial Intelligence (GDKL-AAI), Guangzhou, China
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5
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Zhou L, Zhao C, Liu N, Yao X, Cheng Z. Improved LSTM-based deep learning model for COVID-19 prediction using optimized approach. ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2023; 122:106157. [PMID: 36968247 PMCID: PMC10017389 DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2023.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals in any country are badly impacted both economically and physically whenever an epidemic of infectious illnesses breaks out. A novel coronavirus strain was responsible for the outbreak of the coronavirus sickness in 2019. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the name that the World Health Organization (WHO) officially gave to the pneumonia that was caused by the novel coronavirus on February 11, 2020. The use of models that are informed by machine learning is currently a major focus of study in the field of improved forecasting. By displaying annual trends, forecasting models can be of use in performing impact assessments of potential outcomes. In this paper, proposed forecast models consisting of time series models such as long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), generalized regression unit (GRU), and dense-LSTM have been evaluated for time series prediction of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries in 12 major countries that have been affected by COVID-19. Tensorflow1.0 was used for programming. Indices known as mean absolute error (MAE), root means square error (RMSE), Median Absolute Error (MEDAE) and r2 score are utilized in the process of evaluating the performance of models. We presented various ways to time-series forecasting by making use of LSTM models (LSTM, BiLSTM), and we compared these proposed methods to other machine learning models to evaluate the performance of the models. Our study suggests that LSTM based models are among the most advanced models to forecast time series data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xingduo Yao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zewei Cheng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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6
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Aboagye EM, Effah NAA, Effah KO. A bibliometric analysis of the impact of COVID-19 social lockdowns on air quality: research trends and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27699-3. [PMID: 37219782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Social lockdowns improved air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments had previously spent a lot of money addressing air pollution without success. This bibliometric study measured the influence of COVID-19 social lockdowns on air pollution, identified emerging issues, and discussed future perspectives. The researchers examined the contributions of countries, authors, and most productive journals to COVID-19 and air pollution research from January 1, 2020, to September 12, 2022, from the Web of Sciences Core Collection (WoS). The results showed that (a) publications on the COVID-19 pandemic and air pollution were 504 (research articles) with 7495 citations, (b) China ranked first in the number of publications (n = 151; 29.96% of the global output) and was the main country in international cooperation network, followed by India (n = 101; 20.04% of the total articles) and the USA (n = 41; 8.13% of the global output). Air pollution plagues China, India, and the USA, calling for many studies. After a high spike in 2020, research published in 2021 declined in 2022. The author's keywords have focused on "COVID-19," "air pollution," "lockdown," and "PM25." These keywords suggest that research in this area is focused on understanding the health impacts of air pollution, developing policies to address air pollution, and improving air quality monitoring. The COVID-19 social lockdown served as a specified procedure to reduce air pollution in these countries. However, this paper provides practical recommendations for future research and a model for environmental and health scientists to examine the likely impact of COVID-19 social lockdowns on urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwaku Obeng Effah
- Law School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
- Department Political Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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7
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Syuhada G, Akbar A, Hardiawan D, Pun V, Darmawan A, Heryati SHA, Siregar AYM, Kusuma RR, Driejana R, Ingole V, Kass D, Mehta S. Impacts of Air Pollution on Health and Cost of Illness in Jakarta, Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2916. [PMID: 36833612 PMCID: PMC9963985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to quantify the health and economic impacts of air pollution in Jakarta Province, the capital of Indonesia. (2) Methods: We quantified the health and economic burden of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level Ozone (O3), which exceeds the local and global ambient air quality standards. We selected health outcomes which include adverse health outcomes in children, all-cause mortality, and daily hospitalizations. We used comparative risk assessment methods to estimate health burdens attributable to PM2.5 and O3, linking the local population and selected health outcomes data with relative risks from the literature. The economic burdens were calculated using cost-of-illness and the value of the statistical life-year approach. (3) Results: Our results suggest over 7000 adverse health outcomes in children, over 10,000 deaths, and over 5000 hospitalizations that can be attributed to air pollution each year in Jakarta. The annual total cost of the health impact of air pollution reached approximately USD 2943.42 million. (4) Conclusions: By using local data to quantify and assess the health and economic impacts of air pollution in Jakarta, our study provides timely evidence needed to prioritize clean air actions to be taken to promote the public's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginanjar Syuhada
- Environmental, Climate, and Urban Health Division, Vital Strategies, Singapore 068807, Singapore
| | - Adhadian Akbar
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40115, Indonesia
| | - Donny Hardiawan
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40115, Indonesia
| | - Vivian Pun
- Environmental, Climate, and Urban Health Division, Vital Strategies, Singapore 068807, Singapore
| | - Adi Darmawan
- Environment Agency of DKI Jakarta Province, Jakarta 13640, Indonesia
| | | | - Adiatma Yudistira Manogar Siregar
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40115, Indonesia
| | - Ririn Radiawati Kusuma
- Environmental, Climate, and Urban Health Division, Vital Strategies, Singapore 068807, Singapore
| | - Raden Driejana
- Faculty of Civil and Environment Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Vijendra Ingole
- Environmental, Climate, and Urban Health Division, Vital Strategies, New York, NY 10005, USA
| | - Daniel Kass
- Environmental, Climate, and Urban Health Division, Vital Strategies, New York, NY 10005, USA
| | - Sumi Mehta
- Environmental, Climate, and Urban Health Division, Vital Strategies, New York, NY 10005, USA
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8
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Zhang Q, Cui C, Wang Z, Deng F, Qiu S, Zhu Y, Jing B. Mott Schottky CoS x-MoO x@NF heterojunctions electrode for H 2 production and urea-rich wastewater purification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160170. [PMID: 36379335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottleneck of alkaline water electrolysis. The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with much faster kinetics was to replace OER. To further promote UOR, a heterojunction structure assembled of CoSx and MoOx was established, and then its superior catalytic activity was predicted by DFT calculation. After that, an ultra-thin CoSx-MoOx@nickel foam (CoSx-MoOx@NF) electrode with a Mott-Schottky structure was prepared via a facile hydrothermal method, followed by a low-temperature vulcanization. Results highlighted CoSx-MoOx@NF electrode presented a superior performance toward UOR, OER, and H2 evolution reaction (HER). Notably, it exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance for OER (1.32 V vs. RHE, 10 mA cm-2), UOR (1.305 V vs. RHE, 10 mA cm-2), and urea-assisted overall water splitting with a low voltage (1.38 V, 10 mA cm-2) when CoSx-MoOx@NF electrode served as both anode and cathode. It is promising to use CoSx-MoOx@NF in an electrochemical system integrated with H2 generation and urea-rich wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Chongwei Cui
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhuowen Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fengxia Deng
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shan Qiu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Yingshi Zhu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Baojian Jing
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Keawboonchu J, Thepanondh S, Kultan V, Pinthong N, Malakan W, Robson MG. Integrated Sustainable Management of Petrochemical Industrial Air Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2280. [PMID: 36767648 PMCID: PMC9914942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emission inventory, emission factor, and spatial concentration distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a petrochemical industry (aromatics plant) were intensively evaluated in this study to elucidate the potential sources of BTX emission and their contribution to ambient concentrations. Five emission groups were quantified through direct measurement and emission models. These data were then used as input for the AERMOD dispersion model for the source apportionment analysis. The source to ambient contribution analysis revealed that a wastewater treatment facility and organic liquid storage tank were major contributors accounting for about 20.6-88.4% and 10.3-75.4% to BTX environmental concentrations, respectively. The highest annual ambient concentrations of benzene (B), toluene (T), and xylenes (X) were predicted as 9.0, 2.8, and 57.9 µg/m3 at the fence line of the plant boundary, respectively. These findings assist policymakers in prioritizing the appropriate control measures to the right source by considering not just the amount released but also their contribution to ambient concentrations. This study suggested that the wastewater treatment unit should be changed to the closed system which will benefit reduction in its emission (45.05%) as well as effectively minimizing ambient VOC concentration by 49.96% compared to its normal operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutarat Keawboonchu
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Thepanondh
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Vanitchaya Kultan
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nattaporn Pinthong
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wissawa Malakan
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Science, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525, USA
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10
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Liu M, Liang H, Hou M. Research on cassava disease classification using the multi-scale fusion model based on EfficientNet and attention mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1088531. [PMID: 36618625 PMCID: PMC9815107 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1088531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cassava disease is one of the leading causes to the serious decline of cassava yield. Because it is difficult to identify the characteristics of cassava disease, if not professional cassava growers, it will be prone to misjudgment. In order to strengthen the judgment of cassava diseases, the identification characteristics of cassava diseases such as different color of cassava leaf disease spots, abnormal leaf shape and disease spot area were studied. In this paper, deep convolutional neural network was used to classify cassava leaf diseases, and image classification technology was used to recognize and classify cassava leaf diseases. A lightweight module Multi-scale fusion model (MSFM) based on attention mechanism was proposed to extract disease features of cassava leaves to enhance the classification of disease features. The resulting feature map contained key disease identification information. The study used 22,000 cassava disease leaf images as a data set, including four different cassava leaf disease categories and healthy cassava leaves. The experimental results show that the cassava leaf disease classification model based on multi-scale fusion Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) improves EfficientNet compared with the original model, with the average recognition rate increased by nearly 4% and the average recognition rate up to 88.1%. It provides theoretical support and practical tools for the recognition and early diagnosis of plant disease leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Liu
- School of Electronic and Information, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haofeng Liang
- School of Electronic and Information, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingxin Hou
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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11
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Zhang L, Nie X, Zhang M, Gu M, Geissen V, Ritsema CJ, Niu D, Zhang H. Lexicon and attention-based named entity recognition for kiwifruit diseases and pests: A Deep learning approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1053449. [PMID: 36466267 PMCID: PMC9714304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a crucial step in mining information from massive agricultural texts, which is required in the construction of many knowledge-based agricultural support systems, such as agricultural technology question answering systems. The vital domain characteristics of Chinese agricultural text cause the Chinese NER (CNER) in kiwifruit diseases and pests to suffer from the insensitivity of common word segmentation tools to kiwifruit-related texts and the feature extraction capability of the sequence encoding layer being challenged. In order to alleviate the above problems, effectively mine information from kiwifruit-related texts to provide support for agricultural support systems such as agricultural question answering systems, this study constructed a novel Chinese agricultural NER (CANER) model KIWINER by statistics-based new word detection and two novel modules, AttSoftlexicon (Criss-cross attention-based Softlexicon) and PCAT (Parallel connection criss-cross attention), proposed in this paper. Specifically, new words were detected to improve the adaptability of word segmentation tools to kiwifruit-related texts, thereby constructing a kiwifruit lexicon. The AttSoftlexicon integrates word information into the model and makes full use of the word information with the help of Criss-cross attention network (CCNet). And the PCAT improves the feature extraction ability of sequence encoding layer through CCNet and parallel connection structure. The performance of KIWINER was evaluated on four datasets, namely KIWID (Self-annotated), Boson, ClueNER, and People's Daily, which achieved optimal F1-scores of 88.94%, 85.13%, 80.52%, and 92.82%, respectively. Experimental results in many aspects illustrated that methods proposed in this paper can effectively improve the recognition effect of kiwifruit diseases and pests named entities, especially for diseases and pests with strong domain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zhang
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolin Nie
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingmei Zhang
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingyang Gu
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Coen J. Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dangdang Niu
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
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