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Keivani N, Piccolo V, Marzocchi A, Maisto M, Tenore GC, Summa V. Optimization and Validation of Procyanidins Extraction and Phytochemical Profiling of Seven Herbal Matrices of Nutraceutical Interest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:586. [PMID: 38790691 PMCID: PMC11117784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Several medicinal herbal plants are extensively used as sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on human health. This study assessed the procyanidin and polyphenol profiles together with the antioxidant potential of seven herbal medical matrices. To achieve this aim, procyanidin extraction from grape pomace was optimized and validated by monitoring monomeric-trimeric procyanidins. The proposed quantification method was applied to the seven medical herbs, and it proved to be a very efficient protocol for procyanidin-rich extracts analysis. In addition, the Paullinia cupana Kunth. seed was identified as a very rich source of procyanidins (about 5 mg/g dry matrix of each dimeric and about 3 mg/g dry matrix trimeric) with high antioxidant properties. The polyphenolic profile was assessed by HPLC-HESI-MS/MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay to explore the antioxidant properties of the extracts, which were substantially higher in Peumus boldus Molina leaves extracts (935.23 ± 169 μmol of Trolox equivalent/g of dry weight) concerning the other matrices. Moreover, a high Pearson coefficient value was observed between the total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH in comparison with the total polyphenol content (TPC) and DPPH, indicating flavonoids as the principal bioactive with antioxidant activity in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (N.K.); (V.P.); (A.M.); (M.M.); (G.C.T.)
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2
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Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M, Abdullaev B, García MO, Alazbjee AAA, Kumar A, Mohaamed SS, Hussien BM, Khalaj F, Hodaei SM, Shirsalimi N, Moriasi G. A narrative review on therapeutic potential of naringenin in colorectal cancer: Focusing on molecular and biochemical processes. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4011. [PMID: 38583080 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and highly metastatic cancer affecting people worldwide. Drug resistance and unwanted side effects are some of the limitations of current treatments for CRC. Naringenin (NAR) is a naturally occurring compound found in abundance in various citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, and tomatoes. It possesses a diverse range of pharmacological and biological properties that are beneficial for human health. Numerous studies have highlighted its antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, making it a subject of interest in scientific research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of NAR on CRC. The study's findings indicated that NAR: (1) interacts with estrogen receptors, (2) regulates the expression of genes related to the p53 signaling pathway, (3) promotes apoptosis by increasing the expression of proapoptotic genes (Bax, caspase9, and p53) and downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2, (4) inhibits the activity of enzymes involved in cell survival and proliferation, (5) decreases cyclin D1 levels, (6) reduces the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk4, Cdk6, and Cdk7) and antiapoptotic genes (Bcl2, x-IAP, and c-IAP-2) in CRC cells. In vitro CDK2 binding assay was also performed, showing that the NAR derivatives had better inhibitory activities on CDK2 than NAR. Based on the findings of this study, NAR is a potential therapeutic agent for CRC. Additional pharmacology and pharmacokinetics studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action of NAR and establish the most suitable dose for subsequent clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Central Asian Center of Development Studies, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiology, Samarkand State Medical University
| | - María Olalla García
- Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Ser Humano, Carrera de Enfermería, CP, Guaranda, Ecuador
| | | | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sameer S Mohaamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Fattaneh Khalaj
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niyousha Shirsalimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Gervason Moriasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
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3
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Simsek M, Whitney K. Examination of Primary and Secondary Metabolites Associated with a Plant-Based Diet and Their Impact on Human Health. Foods 2024; 13:1020. [PMID: 38611326 PMCID: PMC11011468 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant-based diets has become a burgeoning trend, and they are increasingly consumed globally owing to their substantial energy intensity and dietetic advantages. Plants possess numerous bioactive components that have been recognized to exhibit manifold health-promoting assets. Comprehension of the synthesis of these primary and secondary metabolites by plants and their method of action against several chronic illnesses is a significant requirement for understanding their benefits to human health and disease prevention. Furthermore, the association of biologically active complexes with plants, humans, disease, medicine, and the underlying mechanisms is unexplored. Therefore, this review portrays various bioactive components derived from plant sources associated with health-promoting traits and their action mechanisms. This review paper predominantly assembles proposed plant-derived bioactive compounds, postulating valuable evidence aimed at perceiving forthcoming approaches, including the selection of potent bioactive components for formulating functional diets that are effective against several human disorders. This meticulous evidence could perhaps provide the basis for the advanced preemptive and therapeutic potential promoting human health. Hence, delivery opens possibilities for purchasers to approach the lucrative practice of plants as a remedy, produce novel products, and access new marketplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miray Simsek
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kristin Whitney
- Department of Food Science and Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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4
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Liu Y, Fernandes I, Mateus N, Oliveira H, Han F. The Role of Anthocyanins in Alleviating Intestinal Diseases: A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5491-5502. [PMID: 38446808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are phytonutrients with physiological activity belonging to the flavonoid family whose transport and absorption in the human body follow specific pathways. In the upper gastrointestinal tract, anthocyanins are rarely absorbed intact by active transporters, with most reaching the colon, where bacteria convert them into metabolites. There is mounting evidence that anthocyanins can be used for prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and colorectal cancer (CRC), through the protective function on the intestinal epithelial barrier, immunomodulation, antioxidants, and gut microbiota metabolism. Dietary anthocyanins are summarized in this comprehensive review with respect to their classification and structure as well as their absorption and transport mechanisms within the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, the review delves into the role and mechanism of anthocyanins in treating common intestinal diseases. These insights will deepen our understanding of the potential benefits of natural anthocyanins for intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fuliang Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Heyang Experimental Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Weinan 715300, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yongning 750104, China
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5
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Šigutová H, Pyszko P, Šigut M, Czajová K, Kostovčík M, Kolařík M, Hařovská D, Drozd P. Concentration-dependent effect of plant secondary metabolites on bacterial and fungal microbiomes in caterpillar guts. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0299423. [PMID: 37991377 PMCID: PMC10783044 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02994-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The caterpillar gut is an excellent model system for studying host-microbiome interactions, as it represents an extreme environment for microbial life that usually has low diversity and considerable variability in community composition. Our study design combines feeding caterpillars on a natural and artificial diet with controlled levels of plant secondary metabolites and uses metabarcoding and quantitative PCR to simultaneously profile bacterial and fungal assemblages, which has never been performed. Moreover, we focus on multiple caterpillar species and consider diet breadth. Contrary to many previous studies, our study suggested the functional importance of certain microbial taxa, especially bacteria, and confirmed the previously proposed lower importance of fungi for caterpillar holobiont. Our study revealed the lack of differences between monophagous and polyphagous species in the responses of microbial assemblages to plant secondary metabolites, suggesting the limited role of the microbiome in the plasticity of the herbivore diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Šigutová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Pyszko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Martin Šigut
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Czajová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Martin Kostovčík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Denisa Hařovská
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
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6
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Osakabe N, Modafferi S, Ontario ML, Rampulla F, Zimbone V, Migliore MR, Fritsch T, Abdelhameed AS, Maiolino L, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Genovese E, Monzani D, Wenzel U, Calabrese EJ, Vabulas RM, Calabrese V. Polyphenols in Inner Ear Neurobiology, Health and Disease: From Bench to Clinics. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2045. [PMID: 38004094 PMCID: PMC10673256 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial experimental and clinical interest in providing effective ways to both prevent and slow the onset of hearing loss. Auditory hair cells, which occur along the basilar membrane of the cochlea, often lose functionality due to age-related biological alterations, as well as from exposure to high decibel sounds affecting a diminished/damaged auditory sensitivity. Hearing loss is also seen to take place due to neuronal degeneration before or following hair cell destruction/loss. A strategy is necessary to protect hair cells and XIII cranial/auditory nerve cells prior to injury and throughout aging. Within this context, it was proposed that cochlea neural stem cells may be protected from such aging and environmental/noise insults via the ingestion of protective dietary supplements. Of particular importance is that these studies typically display a hormetic-like biphasic dose-response pattern that prevents the occurrence of auditory cell damage induced by various model chemical toxins, such as cisplatin. Likewise, the hormetic dose-response also enhances the occurrence of cochlear neural cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. These findings are particularly important since they confirmed a strong dose dependency of the significant beneficial effects (which is biphasic), whilst having a low-dose beneficial response, whereas extensive exposures may become ineffective and/or potentially harmful. According to hormesis, phytochemicals including polyphenols exhibit biphasic dose-response effects activating low-dose antioxidant signaling pathways, resulting in the upregulation of vitagenes, a group of genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions. Modulation of the vitagene network through polyphenols increases cellular resilience mechanisms, thus impacting neurological disorder pathophysiology. Here, we aimed to explore polyphenols targeting the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies that can potentially reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, thus preventing auditory hair cell and XIII cranial/auditory nerve cell degeneration. Furthermore, we explored techniques to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Francesco Rampulla
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Zimbone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Maria Rita Migliore
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | | | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Genovese
- Department of Maternal and Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Daniele Monzani
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - R. Martin Vabulas
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
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7
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Zhao S, Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhao T. Recent research advances on oral colon-specific delivery system of nature bioactive components: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113403. [PMID: 37803751 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral colon-specific delivery system (OCDS) is a targeted approach that aims to directly deliver bioactive compounds directly to the colon following oral administration, thereby enhancing the colonic release of bioactive substances and minimizing adverse reactions. The effectiveness of bioactive substances in the colon hinges on the degree of release, which are affected by various factors including pH, mucosal barrier, delivery time and so on. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the key factors affecting oral colon-specific release of bioactive components firstly. Considering the oral safety, this review then mainly focuses on the types of carriers with edible OCDS and preparation strategies for OCDS. Finally, several preparation strategies for loading typical natural bioactive ingredients into oral safe OCDS are reviewed, along with future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Qin J, Yu L, Peng F, Ye X, Li G, Sun C, Cheng F, Peng C, Xie X. Tannin extracted from Penthorum chinense Pursh, a potential drug with antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1134207. [PMID: 37465024 PMCID: PMC10351983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen. Due to the widespread use and abuse of antibiotics, various drug-resistant strains of S. aureus have emerged, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being the most prevalent. Bacterial biofilm is a significant contributor to bacterial infection and drug resistance. Consequently, bacterial biofilm formation has emerged as a therapeutic strategy. In this study, the chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of tannins isolated from Penthorum chinense Pursh (TPCP) were investigated. In vitro, TPCP exhibited antimicrobial properties. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA were 156.25 and 312.5 μg/mL, and 312.5 and 625 μg/mL, respectively. According to the growth curves, TPCP significantly inhibited the growth of MSSA and MRSA. The results of the crystal violet biofilm assay in conjunction with confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that TPCP destroyed preformed MSSA and MRSA biofilms. TPCP significantly decreased the secretion of exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA. Subsequently, the mechanism was investigated using RT-PCR. Examining the expression of icaA, cidA, sigB, agrA, and sarA genes in MRSA, we discovered that TPCP inhibited biofilm formation by affecting the quorum-sensing system in bacteria. Our study demonstrates that TPCP exerts antibacterial effects by disrupting the formation of bacterial biofilms, suggesting that TPCP has clinical potential as a novel antibacterial agent for the prevention and treatment of MSSA and MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gangmin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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9
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Das T, Chatterjee N, Capanoglu E, Lorenzo JM, Das AK, Dhar P. The synergistic ramification of insoluble dietary fiber and associated non-extractable polyphenols on gut microbial population escorting alleviation of lifestyle diseases. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100697. [PMID: 37206320 PMCID: PMC10189415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the pertinent research which aims at exploring the therapeutic effects of polyphenols usually misapprehends a large fraction of non-extractable polyphenols due to their poor aqueous-organic solvent extractability. These polymeric polyphenols (i.e., proanthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids) possess a unique property to adhere to the food matrix polysaccharides and protein sowing to their structural complexity with high glycosylation, degree of polymerization, and plenty of hydroxyl groups. Surprisingly resistance to intestinal absorption does not hinder its bioactivity but accelerates its functionality manifolds due to the colonic microbial catabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby protecting the body from local and systemic inflammatory diseases. This review highlights not only the chemistry, digestion, colonic metabolism of non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) but also summarises the synergistic effect of matrix-bound NEPP exerting local as well as systemic health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Das
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
| | - Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
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10
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Ariano A, Posa F, Storlino G, Mori G. Molecules Inducing Dental Stem Cells Differentiation and Bone Regeneration: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9897. [PMID: 37373044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells that promote tooth growth and repair. Dental tissues, specifically the dental pulp and the dental bud, constitute a relevant source of multipotent stem cells, known as dental-derived stem cells (d-DSCs): dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dental bud stem cells (DBSCs). Cell treatment with bone-associated factors and stimulation with small molecule compounds are, among the available methods, the ones who show excellent advantages promoting stem cell differentiation and osteogenesis. Recently, attention has been paid to studies on natural and non-natural compounds. Many fruits, vegetables, and some drugs contain molecules that can enhance MSC osteogenic differentiation and therefore bone formation. The purpose of this review is to examine research work over the past 10 years that has investigated two different types of MSCs from dental tissues that are attractive targets for bone tissue engineering: DPSCs and DBSCs. The reconstruction of bone defects, in fact, is still a challenge and therefore more research is needed; the articles reviewed are meant to identify compounds useful to stimulate d-DSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We only consider the results of the research which is encouraging, assuming that the mentioned compounds are of some importance for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ariano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Posa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Nabil-Adam A, E. Elnosary M, L. Ashour M, M. Abd El-Moneam N, A. Shreadah M. Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Plants as a Defense Mechanism: Role and Function Concerning Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Properties. FLAVONOID METABOLISM - RECENT ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN CROP BREEDING 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major class of secondary metabolites that comprises more than 6000 compounds that have been identified. They are biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway that involves groups of enzymes such as isomerases, hydroxylases, and reductases that greatly affect the determination of the flavonoid skeleton. For example, transferase enzymes responsible for the modification of sugar result in changes in the physiological activity of the flavonoids and changes in their physical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and interaction with cellular target molecules, which affect their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, flavonoids have diverse biological activities such as antioxidants, anticancer, and antiviral in managing Alzheimer’s disease. However, most marine flavonoids are still incompletely discovered because marine flavonoid biosynthesis is produced and possesses unique substitutions that are not commonly found in terrestrial bioactive compounds. The current chapter will illustrate the importance of flavonoids’ role in metabolism and the main difference between marine and terrestrial flavonoids.
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12
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Lü H, Meng X, Ding X, Jian T, Zuo Y, Liu Y, Ren B, Li W, Chen J. Gallotannin Isolated from Pericarp of Water Caltrop Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7046-7057. [PMID: 37113100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide prevalent chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis. Water caltrop, the fruit of Trapa natan, is widely cultivated as an edible vegetable in Asian countries. In China, water caltrop pericarp has long been used as a functional food to treat metabolic syndrome, yet the bioactive substances and their pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a natural gallotannin, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (GA), was isolated from water caltrop pericarp and evaluated for its therapeutic effect on NAFLD. Treatment of GA (15 and 30 mg/kg/day) suppressed the body weight gain (p < 0.001) and ameliorated lipid deposition (p < 0.001) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice. GA was able to alleviate HFD-induced insulin resistance (p < 0.001), oxidative stress (p < 0.001), and inflammation (p < 0.001), thereby restoring the liver function in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Mechanistically, GA diminished the aberrant signaling pathways including AMPK/SREBP/ACC, IRs-1/Akt, IKK/IκB/NF-κB in HFD-induced NAFLD mice and modified gut microbiota dysbiosis in these mice as well. The current findings suggest that GA is a promising novel agent for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lü
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiuhua Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingru Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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13
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Roggiani S, Mengoli M, Conti G, Fabbrini M, Brigidi P, Barone M, D'Amico F, Turroni S. Gut microbiota resilience and recovery after anticancer chemotherapy. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:16. [PMID: 38046820 PMCID: PMC10688789 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although research on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in human health has sharply increased in recent years, what a "healthy" gut microbiota is and how it responds to major stressors is still difficult to establish. In particular, anticancer chemotherapy is known to have a drastic impact on the microbiota structure, potentially hampering its recovery with serious long-term consequences for patients' health. However, the distinguishing features of gut microbiota recovery and non-recovery processes are not yet known. In this narrative review, we first investigated how gut microbiota layouts are affected by anticancer chemotherapy and identified potential gut microbial recovery signatures. Then, we discussed microbiome-based intervention strategies aimed at promoting resilience, i.e., the rapid and complete recovery of a healthy gut microbial network associated with a better prognosis after such high-impact pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roggiani
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Mengoli
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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Saeed Z, Alkheraije KA. Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157633. [PMID: 37180056 PMCID: PMC10168295 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different types of coccidiosis, cecal coccidiosis is particularly dangerous to avian species. Chickens and turkeys are commercial flocks; thus, their parasites have remained critical due to their economic importance. High rates of mortality and morbidity are observed in both chickens and turkeys due to cecal coccidiosis. Coccidiostats and coccidiocidal chemicals have traditionally been added to feed and water to control coccidiosis. However, after the EU banned their use because of issues of resistance and public health, alternative methods are being explored. Vaccines are also being used, but their efficacy and cost-effectiveness remain as challenges. Researchers are attempting to find alternatives, and among the alternatives, botanicals are a promising choice. Botanicals contain multiple active compounds such as phenolics, saponins, terpenes, sulfur compounds, etc., which can kill sporozoites and oocysts and stop the replication of Eimeria. These botanicals are primarily used as anticoccidials due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Because of the medicinal properties of botanicals, some commercial products have also been developed. However, further research is needed to confirm their pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and methods of concentrated preparation. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the plants that have the potential to act as anticoccidials and to explain the mode of action of different compounds found within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Mahajan M, Singla P, Sharma S. Sustainable postharvest processing methods for millets: A review on its value‐added products. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mahajan
- Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) Regional Research Station Bathinda Punjab India
| | - Prabhjot Singla
- Department of Biochemistry Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) Ludhiana Punjab India
| | - Sucheta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) Ludhiana Punjab India
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Libutti A, Russo D, Lela L, Ponticelli M, Milella L, Rivelli AR. Enhancement of Yield, Phytochemical Content and Biological Activity of a Leafy Vegetable ( Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla) by Using Organic Amendments as an Alternative to Chemical Fertilizer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:569. [PMID: 36771653 PMCID: PMC9921681 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of a chemical fertilizer (ammonium nitrate), a compost (vermicompost from cattle manure) and two biochars (from vine prunings and wood chips, respectively), applied to the soil alone or in mixture, on the yield, phytochemical content and biological activity of Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla (Swiss chard). The respective treatments, each replicated four times, were arranged according to a completely randomized block design. Results showed that vermicompost, both alone and in mixture with vine pruning biochar, significantly increased yield parameters (plant height and leaf area) and yield over the untreated soil and the biochars alone, similar to ammonium nitrate. Moreover, vermicompost, both alone and in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars, determined lower total N and NO3- contents than ammonium nitrate, both alone and in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars. In particular, NO3- content was within the safe thresholds fixed for leafy vegetables by the European Commission to prevent any adverse implication on human health from dietary NO3- exposure. The biochars alone resulted in very low yield and leaf total N content, likely due to a limited release of N for plant uptake, also evidenced by the undetectable NO3- leaf content, similarly shown by plants grown in untreated soil. Vermicompost, alone or in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars, increased the content of specialized metabolites, with a positive effect on antioxidant activity. The organic amendments, particularly compost, could be an alternative to chemical fertilizers to reach a trade-off between yield, nutritional and health qualities in Swiss chard, meeting the needs of farmers and consumers as well as the targets for sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Libutti
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff BioActiPlant s.r.l., Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lela
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Rivelli
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020879. [PMID: 36677937 PMCID: PMC9866290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD has strained the healthcare system. Natural products could solve this problem, so the current study focused on the impact of G. thunbergia Thunb. against this ailment. LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed the phytochemical profile of the methanol extract from Gardenia thunbergia leaves (GME). Forty-eight compounds were tentatively identified, and stigmasterol, fucosterol, ursolic acid, and rutin were isolated. The separation of the last three compounds from this plant had not before been achieved. The anti-NAFLD effect of the methanol extract of the leaves of G. thunbergia, and its major metabolite, rutin, was assessed in mice against high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male mice were allocated into nine groups: (1) saline (control), (2) 30% fructose (diseased group), (3) HFD, and 10 mg/kg of simvastatin. Groups 4-6 were administered HFD and rutin 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg. Groups (7-9) were administered HFD and methanol extract of leaves 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. Methanol extract of G. thunbergia leaves at 200 mg/kg, and rutin at 75 mg/kg significantly reduced HFD-induced increments in mice weight and hepatic damage indicators (AST and ALT), steatosis, and hypertrophy. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides in the blood decreased. In addition, the expressions of CYP2E1, JNK1, and iNOS in the diseased mice were downregulated. This study found that GME and rutin could ameliorate NAFLD in HFD-fed mice, with results comparable to simvastatin, validating G. thunbergia's hepatoprotective effects.
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Ghitti E, Rolli E, Crotti E, Borin S. Flavonoids Are Intra- and Inter-Kingdom Modulator Signals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122479. [PMID: 36557733 PMCID: PMC9781135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a broad class of secondary metabolites with multifaceted functionalities for plant homeostasis and are involved in facing both biotic and abiotic stresses to sustain plant growth and health. Furthermore, they were discovered as mediators of plant networking with the surrounding environment, showing a surprising ability to perform as signaling compounds for a multitrophic inter-kingdom level of communication that influences the plant host at the phytobiome scale. Flavonoids orchestrate plant-neighboring plant allelopathic interactions, recruit beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, counteract pathogen outbreak, influence soil microbiome and affect plant physiology to improve its resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. This review focuses on the diversified spectrum of flavonoid functions in plants under a variety of stresses in the modulation of plant morphogenesis in response to environmental clues, as well as their role as inter-kingdom signaling molecules with micro- and macroorganisms. Regarding the latter, the review addresses flavonoids as key phytochemicals in the human diet, considering their abundance in fruits and edible plants. Recent evidence highlights their role as nutraceuticals, probiotics and as promising new drugs for the treatment of several pathologies.
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