1
|
Malahlela HK, Belay ZA, Mphahlele RR, Sigge GO, Caleb OJ. Recent advances in activated water systems for the postharvest management of quality and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13317. [PMID: 38477217 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, decontamination management of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) in the packhouses and along the supply chains has been heavily dependent on chemical-based wash. This has resulted in the emergence of resistant foodborne pathogens and often the deposition of disinfectant byproducts on FFVs, rendering them unacceptable to consumers. The management of foodborne pathogens, microbial contaminants, and quality of FFVs are a major concern for the horticultural industries and public health. Activated water systems (AWS), such as electrolyzed water, plasma-activated water, and micro-nano bubbles, have gained significant attention from researchers over the last decade due to their nonthermal and nontoxic mode of action for microbial inactivation and preservation of FFVs quality. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of recent progress on the application of AWS and their effects on quality attributes and microbial safety of FFVs. An overview of the different types of AWS and their properties is provided. Furthermore, the review highlights the chemistry behind generation of reactive species and the impact of AWS on the quality attributes of FFVs and on the inactivation/reduction of spoilage and pathogenic microbes (in vivo or in vitro). The mechanisms of action of microorganism inactivation are discussed. Finally, this work highlights challenges and limitations for commercialization and safety and regulation issues of AWS. The synergistic prospect on combining AWS for maximum microorganism inactivation effectiveness is also considered. AWS offers a potential alternative as nonchemical interventions to maintain quality attributes, inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, and extend the shelf-life for FFVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold K Malahlela
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- AgriFood BioSystems and Technovation Research Group, Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Zinash A Belay
- Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies (PHATs), Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Gunnar O Sigge
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi J Caleb
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- AgriFood BioSystems and Technovation Research Group, Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo W, Xing Y, Luo X, Li F, Ren M, Liang Y. Reactive Oxygen Species: A Crosslink between Plant and Human Eukaryotic Cell Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13052. [PMID: 37685857 PMCID: PMC10487619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulating factors that play a dual role in plant and human cells. As the first messenger response in organisms, ROS coordinate signals in growth, development, and metabolic activity pathways. They also can act as an alarm mechanism, triggering cellular responses to harmful stimuli. However, excess ROS cause oxidative stress-related damage and oxidize organic substances, leading to cellular malfunctions. This review summarizes the current research status and mechanisms of ROS in plant and human eukaryotic cells, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two and elucidating their interactions with other reactive substances and ROS. Based on the similar regulatory and metabolic ROS pathways in the two kingdoms, this review proposes future developments that can provide opportunities to develop novel strategies for treating human diseases or creating greater agricultural value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yadi Xing
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiumei Luo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China;
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China;
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yiming Liang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Y, Lin H, Lin M, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Fan Z, Chen Y, Lin Y. DNP and ATP modulate the developments of pulp softening and breakdown in Phomopsis longanae Chi-infected fresh longan through regulating the cell wall polysaccharides metabolism. Food Chem 2022; 397:133837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Li J, Wu Z, Zhu Z, Xu L, Wu B, Li J. Botrytis cinerea mediated cell wall degradation accelerates spike stalk browning in Munage grape. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14271. [PMID: 35715997 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Munage grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Munage.) is a unique cultivar in southern Xinjiang, China. Spike stalk browning in this species has becomes more common in recent years, negatively impacting the shelf life, and causing severe economic losses during storage. This study investigated the changes in metabolisms of cell wall by Botrytis cinerea infection in association with spike stalk browning. Morphological and physiological observations showed that preharvest B. cinerea infection accelerates the spike stalk browning during storage in Munage grapes by promoting cell wall degradation. Accordingly, the cell structures in infected spike stalk showed severe collapse, while the cell structures in uninfected spike stalk remained relatively complete. Furthermore, the contents of CDTA-soluble pectin (CSP), Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose, and hemicellulose were reduced, while the water-soluble pectin (WSP) content was increased during infection. In addition, the activities of polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME), beta-galactosidase (β-Gal), and cellulase (Cx) were highly promoted by B. cinerea. Correspondingly, the expression levels of VvPG were markedly upregulated after inoculation and played a major role in cell wall degradation. Additionally, the spike stalk inoculated by B. cinerea showed higher activities of PPO and POD, and content of total phenolics. These results contribute to elucidating the relationship between cell wall degradation induced by B. cinerea during spike stalk browning and provide a basis for future research on improving the ability of the host cell wall to resist degrading enzymes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Botrytis cinerea is the main fungal pathogen causing the gray mold of grapes. It usually enters the tissue early in crop development, has a long incubation period, and rapidly infects the tissue when the environment is favorable and the host physiology changes. Gray mold has been reported as one of the major postharvest diseases of grapes. However, there are relatively few reports on the pathways through which B. cinerea causes the browning of grape stalks. Controlling browning caused by B. cinerea may require clarification of the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which browning occurs. The elucidation of the role of B. cinerea in causing browning of grape stalks through the cell wall degradation pathway will help to provide scientific basis for further controlling browning, maintaining freshness of stalks, developing biological agents to prevent browning, improving grape quality, and extending storage period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghong Wu
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoshuai Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Xu
- College of Food and Pharmacology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen C, Cai N, Wan C, Huang Q, Chen J. Cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis involved in disease resistance against Diaporthe citri in harvested pummelo fruit elicited by carvacrol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3140-3149. [PMID: 34791654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phomopsis stem-end rot caused by Diaporthe citri, causes significant commercial postharvest losses of pummelo fruit during storage. Carvacrol (CVR) is a known generally recognized as safe and has the ability to prolong the preservation of harvested fruits. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of CVR treatment at the appropriate concentration on Phomopsis stem-end rot development of harvested pummelo fruit inoculated with D. citri were evaluated by the amounts of cell wall components, the activities and gene expressions of related enzymes involved in cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis. RESULTS Results indicated that CVR completely inhibited D. citri growth in vitro at 200 mg L-1 and significantly controlled Phomopsis stem-end rot development in harvested pummelo. The CVR treatment delayed peel softening and browning, and retarded electrolyte leakage, superoxide radical (O2 •- ) production, and malondialdehyde content. The CVR-treated fruit maintained higher amounts of cell wall material, protopectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose, but exhibited lower water-soluble pectin amount. Moreover, in D. citri-inoculated fruit, CVR treatment suppressed the activities and gene expressions of cell wall disassembling-enzymes, including pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and β-galactosidase, while the development of cell wall degradation was reduced. Meanwhile, the CVR treatment enhanced the lignin biosynthesis by increasing the activities and up-regulating the gene expressions of phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamic alcohol dehydrogenase, and peroxidase accompanied with elevated level of lignin in pummelo fruit. CONCLUSION The disease resistance to D. citri in pummelo fruit elicited by CVR treatment is related to delaying cell wall degradation and enhancing lignin biosynthesis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Nan Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, 337055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun J, Chen H, Xie H, Li M, Chen Y, Hung YC, Lin H. Acidic electrolyzed water treatment retards softening and retains cell wall polysaccharides in pulp of postharvest fresh longans and its possible mechanism. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100265. [PMID: 35498983 PMCID: PMC9040007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AEW delayed pulp softening of longans via suppressing cell wall disassembly. AEW down-regulated expression levels of longan pulp cell wall degrading-related genes. AEW decreased activities of cell wall degrading enzymes in pulp of harvested longans. AEW retained higher levels of longan pulp CWM, CSP, ISP, cellulose, and hemicellulose.
Effects of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) treatment (pH = 2.5, ACC = 80 mg L−1, 10 min) on pulp firmness, amounts of CWM and CWP, activities and expression of relevant genes of CWDEs in pulp of Fuyan longan during storage at 25 °C were evaluated. Compared to control samples, during storage, AEW-treated fruit retained a higher pulp firmness, prevented WSP formation, reduced the degradation of CSP, cellulose and hemicellulose, and lowered CWDEs activities and their corresponding gene expression. When stored for 5 d, pulp firmness (113.6 g mm−1), CWM (13.9 g kg−1), and CSP (1.4 g kg−1) in AEW-treated fruit displayed the clearly higher contents than those in control samples. These data suggest that AEW treatment can slow down the pulp softening and retain higher pulp CWP levels in postharvest fresh longans, which was because AEW lowered activities of CWDEs and its gene expression levels, and maintained the cell wall structure's integrity.
Collapse
Key Words
- 1-MCP, 1-methylcyclopropene
- AEW, acidic electrolyzed water
- Acidic electrolyzed water
- CEL, cellulase
- CSP, covalent-soluble pectin
- CWDEs, cell wall degrading enzymes
- CWM, cell wall materials
- CWP, cell wall polysaccharides
- Cell wall degrading enzymes
- Cell wall polysaccharides
- Gene expression
- ISP, ionic-soluble pectin
- Longan fruit
- NFT, near freezing temperature
- PE, pectinesterase
- PG, polygalacturonase
- Pulp firmness
- WSP, water-soluble pectin
- XET, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase
- β-Gal, β-galactosidase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Sun
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yen-Con Hung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, United States
| | - Hetong Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Preharvest Treatment with Oxalic Acid Improves Postharvest Storage of Lemon Fruit by Stimulation of the Antioxidant System and Phenolic Content. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060963. [PMID: 34203940 PMCID: PMC8232715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemon trees (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F) were treated monthly with oxalic acid (OA) at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM from initial fruit growth on the tree until harvest in2019. The experiment was repeated in 2020, with the application of OA 1 mM (according to the best results of 2019). In both years, fruit from OA-treated trees and the controls were stored for 35 days at 10 °C. Results showed that all treatments reduced weight loss (WL) and maintained higher firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and total acidity (TA) than in the controls. Meanwhile, colour (hue angle) did not show significant differences. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) in the flavedo of the fruit from the OA-treated trees was higher than in the controls at harvest and after 35 days of storage. Similarly, the total phenolic content (TPC) in the flavedo and juice of the fruit from the OA-treated trees were higher than in the controls. The increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and TPC started with the first preharvest OA treatment and were maintained during fruit development on the tree until harvest. Preharvest OA treatments enhanced the antioxidant system of the lemon fruits, reducing the postharvest incidence of decay. Thus, OA could be a useful tool to increase the quality and functional properties of lemon fruits.
Collapse
|
8
|
The role of cell wall polysaccharides disassembly in Lasiodiplodia theobromae-induced disease occurrence and softening of fresh longan fruit. Food Chem 2021; 351:129294. [PMID: 33640774 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharides in fruits act a pivotal role in their resistance to fungal invasion. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl. is a primary pathogenic fungus causing the spoilage of fresh longan fruit. In this study, the influences of L. theobromae inoculation on the disassembly of cell wall polysaccharides in pericarp of fresh longans and its association with L. theobromae-induced disease and softening development were investigated. In contrast to the control, samples with L. theobromae infection showed more severe disease development, lower firmness, lower amounts of cell wall materials, covalent-soluble pectin, ionic-soluble pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose, whereas higher value of water-soluble pectin, higher activities of cell wall polysaccharide-disassembling enzymes (cellulase, β-galactosidase, polygalacturonase and pectinesterase). These findings revealed that cell wall polysaccharides disassembly induced by enzymatic manipulation was an essential pathway for L. theobromae to infect harvested longans, and thus led to the disease occurrence and fruit softening.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kanashiro AM, Akiyama DY, Kupper KC, Fill TP. Penicillium italicum: An Underexplored Postharvest Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:606852. [PMID: 33343551 PMCID: PMC7746842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.606852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the agricultural sector, citrus is one of the most important fruit genus in the world. In this scenario, Brazil is the largest producer of oranges; 34% of the global production, and exporter of concentrated orange juice; 76% of the juice consumed in the planet, summing up US$ 6.5 billion to Brazilian GDP. However, the orange production has been considerable decreasing due to unfavorable weather conditions in recent years and the increasing number of pathogen infections. One of the main citrus post-harvest phytopathogen is Penicillium italicum, responsible for the blue mold disease, which is currently controlled by pesticides, such as Imazalil, Pyrimethanil, Fludioxonil, and Tiabendazole, which are toxic chemicals harmful to the environment and also to human health. In addition, P. italicum has developed considerable resistance to these chemicals as a result of widespread applications. To address this growing problem, the search for new control methods of citrus post-harvest phytopathogens is being extensively explored, resulting in promising new approaches such as biocontrol methods as “killer” yeasts, application of essential oils, and antimicrobial volatile substances. The alternative methodologies to control P. italicum are reviewed here, as well as the fungal virulence factors and infection strategies. Therefore, this review will focus on a general overview of recent research carried out regarding the phytopathological interaction of P. italicum and its citrus host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Cristina Kupper
- Advanced Citrus Research Center, Sylvio Moreira/Campinas Agronomic Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Z, Sui Y, Li J, Tian X, Wang Q. Biological control of postharvest fungal decays in citrus: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:861-870. [PMID: 33034197 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1829542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Citrus (Citrus spp.) species produce a variety of fruits that are popular worldwide. Citrus fruits, however, are susceptible to postharvest decays caused by various pathogenic fungi, including Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Geotrichum citri-aurantii, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Decays resulting from infections by these pathogens cause a significant reduction in citrus quality and marketable yield. Biological control of postharvest decay utilizing antagonistic bacteria and fungi has been explored as a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides. In the present article, the isolation of antagonists utilized to manage postharvest decays in citrus is reviewed, and the mechanism of action including recent molecular and genomic studies is discussed as well. Several recently-postulated mechanisms of action, such as biofilm formation and an oxidative burst of reactive oxygen species have been highlighted. Improvements in biocontrol efficacy of antagonists through the use of a combination of microbial antagonists and additives are also reviewed. Biological control utilizing bacterial and yeast antagonists is a critical component of an integrated management approach for the sustainable development of the citrus industry. Further research will be needed, however, to explore and utilize beneficial microbial consortia and novel approaches like CRISPR/Cas technology for management of postharvest decays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshuo Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators/Crop Chemical Control Research Center, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Sui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Forestry and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Jishun Li
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology Shandong, Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulators/Crop Chemical Control Research Center, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu J, Kennedy JF, Zhang X, Heng Y, Chen W, Chen Z, Wu X, Wu X. Preparation of alginate oligosaccharide and its effects on decay control and quality maintenance of harvested kiwifruit. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116462. [PMID: 32564825 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a biological carbohydrate formed from the degradation of sodium alginate. AOS used in this study was enzymatically prepared and had varying degrees of polymerization (2-8). AOS applied to harvested kiwifruit stored at 25 °C inhibited gray mold, blue mold, and black rot. AOS inhibited pectin solubilization, gene expression of pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase, and the corresponding enzyme activity of their encoded proteins in kiwifruit. In contrast, AOS induced antioxidant gene expression and enzyme activity, including catalase and superoxide dismutase. The level of total phenols and flavonoids in kiwifruit was also elevated. AOS treatment also had a beneficial effect on fruit quality. Collectively, the results indicate that postharvest treatment with AOS inhibits postharvest decay and prolongs fruit quality by suppressing cell wall degradation and eliciting antioxidants in harvested kiwifruit. AOS has the potential to be used to preserve and extend the postharvest quality of kiwifruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Kyrewood House Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, WR15 8SG, UK
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yin Heng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Xuehong Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tao J, Li S, Ye F, Zhou Y, Lei L, Zhao G. Lignin - An underutilized, renewable and valuable material for food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2011-2033. [PMID: 31547671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1625025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biorenewable polymers only next to cellulose and is ubiquitous in various plant foods. In food industry, lignin often presented as a major component of by-products from plant foods. In the last decade, the food and nutritional interests of lignin attracted more and more attentions and great progresses have been accomplished. In the present review, the structure, physicochemical properties, dietary occurrence and preparation methods of lignin from food resources were summarized. Then, the versatile activities of food lignin were introduced under the subtitles of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic and other activities. Finally, the potential applications of food lignin were proposed as a food bioactive ingredient, an improver of food package films and a novel material in fabricating drug delivery vehicles and contaminant passivators. Hopefully, this review could bring new insights in exploiting lignin from nutrition- and food-directed views.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fayin Ye
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Centre of Regional Foods, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|