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Espinoza-Gutiérrez HA, López-Salido SC, Flores-Soto ME, Tejeda-Martínez AR, Chaparro-Huerta V, Viveros-Paredes JM. Angiotensinergic effect of β-Caryophyllene on Lipopolysaccharide- induced systemic inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 719:150081. [PMID: 38744071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a peptidergic system, canonically known for its role in blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, a non-canonical RAS regulates pathophysiological phenomena, such as inflammation since it consists of two main axes: the pro-inflammatory renin/(pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) axis, and the anti-inflammatory angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7))/Mas Receptor (MasR) axis. Few phytochemicals have shown to exert angiotensinergic and anti-inflammatory effects through some of these axes; nevertheless, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as phytocannabinoids have not been studied regarding this subject. Among phytocannabinoids, β-Caryophyllene stands out as a dietary phytocannabinoid with antiphlogistic activity that possess a unique sesquiterpenoid structure. Although its cannabinergic effect has been studied, its angiotensinergic effect reminds underexplored. This study aims to explore the angiotensinergic effect of β-Caryophyllene on inflammation and stress at a systemic level. After intranasal Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) installation and oral treatment with β-Caryophyllene, the concentration and activity of key RAS elements in the serum, such as Renin, ACE2 and Ang-(1-7), along with the stress hormone corticosterone and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, were measured in mice serum. The results show that β-Caryophyllene treatment modified RAS levels by increasing Renin and Ang-(1-7), alongside the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone levels. These results indicate that β-Caryophyllene exhibits angiotensinergic activity in favor of anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alejandro Espinoza-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sofía Cecilia López-Salido
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Eduardo Flores-Soto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Aldo Rafael Tejeda-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Veronica Chaparro-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Galaj E, Bi GH, Xi ZX. β-caryophyllene inhibits heroin self-administration, but does not alter opioid-induced antinociception in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109947. [PMID: 38631564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that β-caryophyllene (BCP), a constituent present in a large number of plants, possesses significant therapeutic properties against CNS disorders, including alcohol and psychostimulant use disorders. However, it is unknown whether BCP has similar therapeutic potential for opioid use disorders. In this study, we found that systemic administration of BCP dose-dependently reduced heroin self-administration in rats under an FR2 schedule of reinforcement and partially blocked heroin-enhanced brain stimulation reward in DAT-cre mice, maintained by optical stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons at high frequencies. Acute administration of BCP failed to block heroin conditioned place preference (CPP) in male mice, but attenuated heroin-induced CPP in females. Furthermore, repeated dosing with BCP for 5 days facilitated the extinction of CPP in female but not male mice. In the hot plate assay, pretreatment with the same doses of BCP failed to enhance or prolong opioid antinociception. Lastly, in a substitution test, BCP replacement for heroin failed to maintain intravenous BCP self-administration, suggesting that BCP itself has no reinforcing properties. These findings suggest that BCP may have certain therapeutic effects against opioid use disorders with fewer unwanted side-effects by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA.
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhao H, Liu Y, Cai N, Liao X, Tang L, Wang Y. Endocannabinoid Hydrolase Inhibitors: Potential Novel Anxiolytic Drugs. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2143-2167. [PMID: 38882045 PMCID: PMC11179644 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s462785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the idea of targeting the endocannabinoid system to treat anxiety disorders has received increasing attention. Previous studies focused more on developing cannabinoid receptor agonists or supplementing exogenous cannabinoids, which are prone to various adverse effects due to their strong pharmacological activity and poor receptor selectivity, limiting their application in clinical research. Endocannabinoid hydrolase inhibitors are considered to be the most promising development strategies for the treatment of anxiety disorders. More recent efforts have emphasized that inhibition of two major endogenous cannabinoid hydrolases, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), indirectly activates cannabinoid receptors by increasing endogenous cannabinoid levels in the synaptic gap, circumventing receptor desensitization resulting from direct enhancement of endogenous cannabinoid signaling. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the anxiolytic effects of MAGL and FAAH inhibitors and their potential pharmacological mechanisms, highlight reported novel inhibitors or natural products, and provide an outlook on future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Zhao
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Cai
- Outpatient Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Liao
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Szymanowska D, Szulc P, Cielecka-Piontek J. Antimicrobial, Probiotic, and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabis sativa Extract and Delivery Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:369. [PMID: 38667045 PMCID: PMC11047504 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and the synergy of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the Henola Cannabis sativae extract and its combinations with selected carriers (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) in terms of antimicrobial, probiotic, and immunobiological effects. As a result of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of the extract was confirmed in relation to the following microorganisms: Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyrogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aereuginosa, and Candida albicans (microorganism count was reduced from ~102 CFU mL-1 to <10 CFU mL-1 in most cases). Additionally, for the system with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a significant probiotic potential against bacterial strains was established for strains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus thermophilus (microorganism count was increased from ~102 to 104-107). In terms of immunomodulatory properties, it was determined that the tested extract and the systems caused changes in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego Street, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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More SA, Deore RS, Pawar HD, Sharma C, Nakhate KT, Rathod SS, Ojha S, Goyal SN. CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor as a Potential Target in Myocardial Infarction: Exploration of Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1683. [PMID: 38338960 PMCID: PMC10855244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipid endocannabinoid system has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for several inflammatory and tissue-damaging diseases, including those affecting the cardiovascular system. The primary targets of cannabinoids are cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) receptors. The CB2 receptor is expressed in the cardiomyocytes. While the pathological changes in the myocardium upregulate the CB2 receptor, genetic deletion of the receptor aggravates the changes. The CB2 receptor plays a crucial role in attenuating the advancement of myocardial infarction (MI)-associated pathological changes in the myocardium. Activation of CB2 receptors exerts cardioprotection in MI via numerous molecular pathways. For instance, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol attenuated the progression of MI via modulation of the CB2 receptor-dependent anti-inflammatory mechanisms, including suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Through similar mechanisms, natural and synthetic CB2 receptor ligands repair myocardial tissue damage. This review aims to offer an in-depth discussion on the ameliorative potential of CB2 receptors in myocardial injuries induced by a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. Further, the modulation of autophagy, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, MPTP opening, and ROS production are discussed. The molecular correlation of CB2 receptors with cardiac injury markers, such as troponin I, LDH1, and CK-MB, is explored. Special attention has been paid to novel insights into the potential therapeutic implications of CB2 receptor activation in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar A. More
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Rucha S. Deore
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Harshal D. Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Kartik T. Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Sumit S. Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
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Klawitter J, Weissenborn W, Gvon I, Walz M, Klawitter J, Jackson M, Sempio C, Joksimovic SL, Shokati T, Just I, Christians U, Todorovic SM. β-Caryophyllene Inhibits Monoacylglycerol Lipase Activity and Increases 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Levels In Vivo: A New Mechanism of Endocannabinoid-Mediated Analgesia? Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:75-83. [PMID: 38195158 PMCID: PMC10794982 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of β-caryophyllene (BCP)-induced analgesia are not well studied. Here, we tested the efficacy of BCP in an acute postsurgical pain model and evaluated its effect on the endocannabinoid system. Rats were treated with vehicle and 10, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg BCP. Paw withdrawal responses to mechanical stimuli were evaluated using an electronic von Frey anesthesiometer. Endocannabinoids, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), were also evaluated in plasma and tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was evaluated in vitro as well as ex vivo. We observed a dose-dependent and time-dependent alleviation of hyperalgesia in incised paws up to 85% of the baseline value at 30 minutes after administration of BCP. We also observed dose-dependent increases in the 2-AG levels of about threefold after administration of BCP as compared with vehicle controls. Incubations of spinal cord tissue homogenates from BCP-treated rats with isotope-labeled 2-arachidonoylglycerol-d8 revealed a reduced formation of the isotope-labeled MAGL product 2-AG-d8 as compared with vehicle controls, indicating MAGL enzyme inhibition. In vitro MAGL enzyme activity assessment using 2-AG as the substrate revealed an IC50 of 15.8 µM for MAGL inhibition using BCP. These data showed that BCP inhibits MAGL activity in vitro and in vivo, causing 2-AG levels to rise. Since the endocannabinoid 2-AG is a CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist, we propose that 2-AG-mediated cannabinoid receptor activation contributes to BCP's mechanism of analgesia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: β-Caryophyllene (BCP) consumption is relatively safe and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a flavoring agent, which can be used in cosmetic and food additives. BCP is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that showed substantial antihyperalgesic properties in this study of acute pain suggesting that BCP might be an alternative to opioids. This study shows an additive mechanism (monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition) by which BCP might indirectly alter CB1 and CB2 receptor activity and exhibit its pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost Klawitter
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Wiebke Weissenborn
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Iuliia Gvon
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Mackenzie Walz
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Matthew Jackson
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Cristina Sempio
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Sonja L Joksimovic
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Touraj Shokati
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Ingo Just
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Uwe Christians
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.K., W.W., I.G., M.W., J.K., M.J., C.S., S.L.J., T.S., U.C., S.M.T.) and Psychiatry (J.K.), School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (W.W., I.G., I.J., U.C.); and Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.M.T.)
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Wilson G, Yang L, Su X, Ding S, Li L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang W, Sa Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds modulating the endocannabinoid system in various diseases and disorders: review. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1410-1444. [PMID: 37906390 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of the endocannabinoids make up the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The components of the ECS are proven to modulate a vast bulk of various physiological and pathological processes due to their abundance throughout the human body. Such discoveries have attracted the researchers' attention and emerged as a potential therapeutical target for the treatment of various diseases. In the present article, we reviewed the discoveries of natural compounds, herbs, herbs formula, and their therapeutic properties in various diseases and disorders by modulating the ECS. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds elicit their properties by interacting with the ECS based on the existing findings. Our study provides the insight into the use of natural compounds that modulate ECS in various diseases and disorders, which in turn may facilitate future studies exploiting natural lead compounds as novel frameworks for designing more effective and safer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidion Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Youyue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Weibiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuping Sa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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8
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Mannino F, Pallio G, Imbesi C, Scarfone A, Puzzolo D, Micali A, Freni J, Squadrito F, Bitto A, Minutoli L, Irrera N. Beta-Caryophyllene, a Plant-Derived CB2 Receptor Agonist, Protects SH-SY5Y Cells from Cadmium-Induced Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15487. [PMID: 37895166 PMCID: PMC10607613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a transition heavy metal that is able to accumulate in the central nervous system and may induce cell death through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanisms and inactivating the antioxidant processes, becoming an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. The antioxidant effects of cannabinoid receptor modulation have been extensively described, and, in particular, β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a plant-derived cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) agonist, not only showed significant antioxidant properties but also anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate BCP effects in a model of Cd-induced toxicity in the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line used to reproduce Cd intoxication in humans. SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated with BCP (25, 50, and 100 μM) for 24 h. The day after, cells were challenged with cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 10 μM) for 24 h to induce neuronal toxicity. CdCl2 increased ROS accumulation, and BCP treatment significantly reduced ROS production at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM. In addition, CdCl2 significantly decreased the protein level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) compared to unstimulated cells; the treatment with BCP at a concentration of 50 μM markedly increased Nrf2 expression, thus confirming the BCP anti-oxidant effect. Moreover, BCP treatment preserved cells from death, regulated the apoptosis pathway, and showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect, thus reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines increased by the CdCl2 challenge. The results indicated that BCP preserved neuronal damage induced by Cd and might represent a future candidate for protection in neurotoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (C.I.); (A.S.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (D.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Chiara Imbesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (C.I.); (A.S.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Alessandro Scarfone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (C.I.); (A.S.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (D.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Adult and Childhood Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - José Freni
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (D.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (C.I.); (A.S.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (C.I.); (A.S.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (C.I.); (A.S.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (N.I.)
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (C.I.); (A.S.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (N.I.)
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9
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Agnes JP, dos Santos B, das Neves RN, Luciano VMM, Benvenutti L, Goldoni FC, Schran RG, Santin JR, Quintão NLM, Zanotto-Filho A. β-Caryophyllene Inhibits Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice: Role of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1893. [PMID: 37891972 PMCID: PMC10604080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is an important adverse effect caused by some chemotherapeutic agents, including oxaliplatin (OXA). OXA-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a challenging condition due to diagnostic complexities and a lack of effective treatment. In this study, we investigated the antiallodynic effect of β-caryophyllene (BCP), a cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonist, in a mouse model of OIPN. BCP treatment inhibited OXA-induced mechanical and cold allodynia in both preventive and therapeutic drug treatment regimens. Experiments with the CB2 receptor agonist GW405833 confirmed the role of CB2 receptors in OIPN. The CB2 antagonist SR144528 abrogated the anti-nociceptive effect of BCP on mechanical allodynia, without impacting OXA-induced sensitivity to cold. BCP decreased neuroinflammation, as inferred from TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 profiling, and also reduced ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct formation in the spinal cords of OXA-treated mice. BCP did not affect the antitumor response to OXA or its impact on blood cell counts, implying that the cytotoxicity of OXA was preserved. These results underscore BCP as a candidate drug for OIPN treatment via CB2 receptor-dependent mechanisms, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Paulo Agnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Barbara dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Vitória Maria Marques Luciano
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Larissa Benvenutti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil; (L.B.); (F.C.G.); (J.R.S.); (N.L.M.Q.)
| | - Fernanda Capitanio Goldoni
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil; (L.B.); (F.C.G.); (J.R.S.); (N.L.M.Q.)
| | - Roberta Giusti Schran
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil; (L.B.); (F.C.G.); (J.R.S.); (N.L.M.Q.)
| | - Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil; (L.B.); (F.C.G.); (J.R.S.); (N.L.M.Q.)
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
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10
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Malek N, Borowczyk J, Kostrzewa M, Pawlowska A, Drukala J, Starowicz K. The Impact of JWH-133 on Articular Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritis Via Metalloproteinase 13-Dependent Mechanism. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:779-789. [PMID: 36318796 PMCID: PMC10589480 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is common degenerative joint disease, mostly characterized by gradual cartilage breakdown. Currently there are no disease-modifying drugs available, therefore, there is an increasing need for basic research to focus on cartilage function in OA. Changes in cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) expression were observed in the OA-affected joints, although its action on cartilage chondrocytes remain unclear. We studied the action of dimethylbutyl-deoxy-delta-8-THC (JWH-133), selective CB2 agonist, on chondrocytes metabolism using both in vitro and in vivo studies. Design: Intraarticular (i.a.) injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) was used to induce OA in rats. OA-related pain symptoms were assessed by pressure application measurements (PAMs). Primary human chondrocytes treated with MIA were used to investigate action of JWH-133 on chondrocytes viability, proliferation, and motility. Cannabinoid system components, inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression was measured on messenger RNA and protein levels in chondrocytes and animal cartilage. Results: Repeated, i.a. administration of JWH-133 showed antinociceptive potential in PAM, as well as decreased levels of MMPs, which suggests that CB2 agonism may modify degradation of cartilage. JWH-133 administration partially reduced toxicity, increased proliferation, and chondrocytes' migration. Moreover, our data suggest that CB2 agonism leads to alleviation of MMPs expression both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrate modifying effect of JWH-133 local administration on cartilage metabolism and MMP13 expression that was shown to be involved in cartilage degradation. CB2 receptors' activation may be of benefit for chondrocytes' proliferation, therefore delaying disease progression. Our results propose direction of studies on OA-modifying treatment that can benefit in management of human OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malek
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawlowska
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Justyna Drukala
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
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11
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Zou H, Gong Y, Ye H, Yuan C, Li T, Zhang J, Ren L. Dietary regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154904. [PMID: 37267691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors, members of the type nuclear receptor superfamily, with three subtypes, namely PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, which play a key role in the metabolic syndrome. In the past decades, a large number of studies have shown that natural products can act by regulating metabolic pathways mediated by PPARs. PURPOSE This work summarizes the physiological importance and clinical significance of PPARs and reviews the experimental evidence that natural products mediate metabolic syndrome via PPARs. METHODS This study reviews relevant literature on clinical trials, epidemiology, animals, and cell cultures published in NCBI PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other databases from 2001 to October 2022. Search keywords were "natural product" OR "botanical" OR "phytochemical" AND "PPAR" as well as free text words. RESULTS The modulatory involvement of PPARs in the metabolic syndrome has been supported by prior research. It has been observed that many natural products can treat metabolic syndrome by altering PPARs. The majority of currently described natural compounds are mild PPAR-selective agonists with therapeutic effects that are equivalent to synthetic medicines but less harmful adverse effects. CONCLUSION PPAR agonists can be combined with natural products to treat and prevent metabolic syndrome. Further human investigations are required because it is unknown how natural products cause harm and how they might have negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Cuiping Yuan
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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12
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Osorio-Perez RM, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Cruz SL, González-Espinosa C. Endocannabinoid modulation of allergic responses: Focus on the control of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151324. [PMID: 37236045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions are highly prevalent pathologies initiated by the production of IgE antibodies against harmless antigens (allergens) and the activation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expressed in the surface of basophils and mast cells (MCs). Research on the mechanisms of negative control of those exacerbated inflammatory reactions has been intense in recent years. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) show important regulatory effects on MC-mediated immune responses, mainly inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the description of the molecular mechanisms involved in eCB control of MC activation is far from complete. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information regarding the role of eCBs in the modulation of FcεRI-dependent activation of that cell type, emphasizing the description of the eCB system and the existence of some of its elements in MCs. Unique characteristics of the eCB system and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) localization and signaling in MCs are mentioned. The described and putative points of cross-talk between CBRs and FcεRI signaling cascades are also presented. Finally, we discuss some important considerations in the study of the effects of eCBs in MCs and the perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Monserrat Osorio-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya P Espinosa-Riquer
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia L Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Laks EY, Li H, Ward SJ. Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoid Modulation of Nociception and Inflammation Associated with a Rat Model of Pulpitis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050846. [PMID: 37238715 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in dental pain management, one of the most common reasons for emergency dental care is orofacial pain. Our study aimed to determine the effects of non-psychoactive Cannabis constituents in the treatment of dental pain and related inflammation. We tested the therapeutic potential of two non-psychoactive Cannabis constituents, cannabidiol (CBD) and β-caryophyllene (β-CP), in a rodent model of orofacial pain associated with pulp exposure. Sham or left mandibular molar pulp exposures were performed on Sprague Dawley rats treated with either vehicle, the phytocannabinoid CBD (5 mg/kg i.p.) or the sesquiterpene β-CP (30 mg/kg i.p.) administered 1 h pre-exposure and on days 1, 3, 7, and 10 post-exposure. Orofacial mechanical allodynia was evaluated at baseline and post-pulp exposure. Trigeminal ganglia were harvested for histological evaluation at day 15. Pulp exposure was associated with significant orofacial sensitivity and neuroinflammation in the ipsilateral orofacial region and trigeminal ganglion. β-CP but not CBD produced a significant reduction in orofacial sensitivity. β-CP also significantly reduced the expression of the inflammatory markers AIF and CCL2, while CBD only decreased AIF expression. These data represent the first preclinical evidence that non-psychoactive cannabinoid-based pharmacotherapy may provide a therapeutic benefit for the treatment of orofacial pain associated with pulp exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Y Laks
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongbo Li
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sara Jane Ward
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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14
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Scandiffio R, Bonzano S, Cottone E, Shrestha S, Bossi S, De Marchis S, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Beta-Caryophyllene Modifies Intracellular Lipid Composition in a Cell Model of Hepatic Steatosis by Acting through CB2 and PPAR Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076060. [PMID: 37047034 PMCID: PMC10094507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease; however, no specific pharmacological therapy has yet been approved for this condition. Plant-derived extracts can be an important source for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP), a phytocannabinoid recently found to be beneficial against metabolic diseases, on HepG2 steatotic hepatocytes. Using a fluorescence-based lipid quantification assay and GC-MS analysis, we show that BCP is able to decrease lipid accumulation in steatotic conditions and to change the typical steatotic lipid profile by primarily reducing saturated fatty acids. By employing specific antagonists, we demonstrate that BCP action is mediated by multiple receptors: CB2 cannabinoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and γ (PPARγ). Interestingly, BCP was able to counteract the increase in CB2 and the reduction in PPARα receptor expression observed in steatotic conditions. Moreover, through immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that CB2 receptors are mainly intracellularly localized and that BCP is internalized in HepG2 cells with a maximum peak at 2 h, suggesting a direct interaction with intracellular receptors. The results obtained with BCP in normal and steatotic hepatocytes encourage future applications in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Cottone
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Sujata Shrestha
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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Hemp Seed Oil in Association with β-Caryophyllene, Myrcene and Ginger Extract as a Nutraceutical Integration in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind Prospective Case-Control Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020191. [PMID: 36837393 PMCID: PMC9960141 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nutraceuticals are gaining more and more importance as a knee osteoarthritis (KOA) complementary treatment. Among nutraceuticals, hemp seed oil and terpenes are proving to be very useful as therapeutic support for many chronic diseases, but there are still few studies regarding their effectiveness for treating KOA, both in combination and separately. The aim of this study is thus to compare the effect of two dietary supplements, both containing hemp seed oil, but of which only one also contains terpenes, in relieving pain and improving joint function in patients suffering from KOA. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients were recruited and divided into two groups. The control group underwent a 45 day treatment with a hemp seed oil-based dietary supplement, while the treatment group assumed a hemp seed oil and terpenes dietary supplement for the same period. Patients were evaluated at the enrollment (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1). Outcome measures were: Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short-Form-12 (SF-12), Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Results: All outcome measures improved at T1 in both groups, but NRS, KOOS and OKS had a greater significant improvement in the treatment group only. Conclusions: Hemp seed oil and terpenes resulted a more effective integrative treatment option in KOA, improving joint pain and function and representing a good complementary option for patients suffering from osteoarthritis.
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16
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β-Caryophyllene Acts as a Ferroptosis Inhibitor to Ameliorate Experimental Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416055. [PMID: 36555694 PMCID: PMC9784863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is one of the main pathological features of ulcerative colitis (UC) and ferroptosis is a type of nonapoptotic cell death, connecting oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether ferroptosis occurs in the colon macrophages of UC mice and whether targeting macrophage ferroptosis is an effective approach for UC treatment remain unclear. The present study revealed that macrophage lipid peroxidation was observed in the colon of UC mice. Subsequently, we screened several main components of essential oil from Artemisia argyi and found that β-caryophyllene (BCP) had a good inhibitory effect on macrophage lipid peroxidation. Additionally, ferroptotic macrophages were found to increase the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), while BCP can reverse the effects of inflammation activated by ferroptosis. Further molecular mechanism studies revealed that BCP activated the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) to inhibit macrophage ferroptosis and its induced inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, BCP potentially ameliorated experimental colitis inflammation by inhibiting macrophage ferroptosis. These results revealed that macrophage ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for UC and identified a novel mechanism of BCP in ameliorating experimental colitis.
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Yamada K, Toyota K, Tsunoda Y, Matahira Y, Matsumura S, Yoshioka Y, Zaima N, Unno N. Effects of inhaled β‑caryophyllene on vascular stiffness in smokers: A randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:57. [PMID: 36588810 PMCID: PMC9780513 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1.14 billion smokers worldwide are at risk of developing tumors, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. Smoking cessation is the first choice of health care; however, the disease should be attenuated in individuals who never stop smoking, which escalates medical costs. Therefore, alternative options are needed to manage the social burden. The present study proposed an alternative method to prevent such diseases by inhalation of β-caryophyllene (BCP). A placebo-targeted, dose-searching, double-blind, parallel-group comparative study was conducted on 19 subjects. The BCP intervention was performed using a flavor capsule inserted in a cigarette filter. The primary endpoint was the reducibility of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The secondary endpoints were confirmation of the bioavailability of BCP inhalation with cigarette smoke, confirmation of the effect of BCP inhalation on respiratory function, and association between respiratory function and blood concentration and baPWV reduction. The BCP concentration in the blood reached 4 ng/ml in the BCP 15% group 10 min after inhalation. The baPWV decreased in BCP-inhaling subjects whose initial baPWV was >1,300 cm/sec. The correlation analyses revealed that the higher the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, the better the transition of baPWV. Inhaled BCP with cigarette smoke could reduce the baPWV and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in smokers. These findings indicated that with the introduction of BCP capsule-cigarettes in the future, smokers will be able to take care of their health, which may help reduce national medical costs. BCP microcapsules placed in cigarette wrapping paper may possibly reduce the risk of sidestream smoke and contribute to improved public health. This clinical research was retrospectively registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN)-Clinical Trials Registry with the following identifications: UMIN000048510 and UMIN000048512 on August 15, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamada
- Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuji, Shizuoka 419-0201, Japan
| | - Kohei Toyota
- Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuji, Shizuoka 419-0201, Japan
| | - Yamato Tsunoda
- Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuji, Shizuoka 419-0201, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuri Yoshioka
- Inabata Koryo, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Osaka 532-0027, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan,Correspondence to: Professor Nobuhiro Zaima, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan,Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8580, Japan
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Weimer P, Kreutz T, Limberger RP, Rossi RC, de Lima ÁAN, Veiga VF, de Araújo BV, Koester LS. Correlation between the Skin Permeation Profile of the Synthetic Sesquiterpene Compounds, Beta-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide, and the Antiedematogenic Activity by Topical Application of Nanoemulgels. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081102. [PMID: 36008995 PMCID: PMC9405972 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene compounds are applied as permeation promoters in topical formulations. However, studies exploring their impact on nanostructured systems, changes in permeation profile, and consequently, its biological activity are restricted. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the skin permeation of the major sesquiterpenes, beta-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide from the oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga, after delivery into topical nanoemulgels, and the in vivo antiedematogenic activity. First, ten nanoemulgels were prepared and characterized, and their in vitro permeation profile and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. In equivalent concentrations, β-caryophyllene permeation was greater from oleoresin nanoemulgels, resulting in greater in vivo antiedematogenic activity. However, an inverse relationship was observed for caryophyllene oxide, which showed its favored permeation and better in vivo anti-inflammatory effect carried as an isolated compound in the nanoemulgels. These results suggest that the presence of similar compounds may interfere with the permeation profile when comparing the profiles of the compounds alone or when presented in oleoresin. Furthermore, the correlation results between the permeation profile and in vivo antiedematogenic activity corroborate the establishment of beta-caryophyllene as an essential compound for this pharmacological activity of C. multijuga oleoresin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Weimer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainá Kreutz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata P. Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Rochele C. Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo 93022-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Ádley A. N. de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Valdir F. Veiga
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Verlindo de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia S. Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-51-33085278; Fax: +55-51-33085437
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Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR. A mechanistic review on immunomodulatory effects of selective type two cannabinoid receptor β-caryophyllene. Biofactors 2022; 48:857-882. [PMID: 35648433 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a plant-derived compound and occurs naturally in various foods and spices, including cinnamon, citrus, fruits, clove, curry, and pepper. BCP showed different pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This article tried to gather updated knowledge of the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of BCP and searched using various databases and appropriate keywords until April 2022. Several studies showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of BCP are mainly provided through cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2 ) receptor activation and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ pathway. It has also been demonstrated that BCP suppresses both protein and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and reduces relevant proinflammatory cytokines but increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13. Previous results indicated that the antioxidant effects of β-caryophyllene were suggested through different pathways, including activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/antioxidant axis and inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers levels. Furthermore, various results showed immunomodulatory effects of BCP through inhibiting microglial cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, modulated Th1 /Treg immune balance through the activation of the CB2 receptor, and reducing mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) and NF-kB activation and increased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Multi-Target Effects of ß-Caryophyllene and Carnosic Acid at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061199. [PMID: 35740096 PMCID: PMC9220155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are interlinked and interdependent processes involved in many chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Emerging evidence indicates that many phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have the potential to ameliorate the disease phenotypes. In this scenario, ß-caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and carnosic acid (CA), an ortho-diphenolic diterpene, were demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as neuroprotective and mitoprotective effects in different in vitro and in vivo models. BCP essentially promotes its effects by acting as a selective agonist and allosteric modulator of cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R). CA is a pro-electrophilic compound that, in response to oxidation, is converted to its electrophilic form. This can interact and activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE transcription pathway, triggering the synthesis of endogenous antioxidant “phase 2” enzymes. However, given the nature of its chemical structure, CA also exhibits direct antioxidant effects. BCP and CA can readily cross the BBB and accumulate in brain regions, giving rise to neuroprotective effects by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting activated microglia, substantially through the activation of pro-survival signalling pathways, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, and molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control. Findings from different in vitro/in vivo experimental models of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease reported the beneficial effects of both compounds, suggesting that their use in treatments may be a promising strategy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases aimed at maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and ameliorating glia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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21
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Harpagophytum procumbens Root Extract Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Osteoarthritis Synoviocytes through CB2 Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040457. [PMID: 35455454 PMCID: PMC9026917 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in the nociceptive and anti-inflammatory pathways, and a lowered expression of CB2 receptors has been associated with inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA). This suggests that CB2 modulators could be novel therapeutic tools to treat OA. In the present study, the involvement of Harpagophytum procumbens root extract, a common ingredient of nutraceuticals used to treat joint disorders, in CB2 modulation has been evaluated. Moreover, to clarify the effects of the pure single components, the bioactive constituent, harpagoside, and the main volatile compounds were studied alone or in a reconstituted mixture. Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes, extracted by joints of patients, who underwent a total knee replacement, were treated with an H. procumbens root extract dissolved in DMSO (HPEDMSO). The effectiveness of HPEDMSO to affect CB2 pathways was studied by analyzing the modulation of cAMP, the activation of PKA and ERK MAP kinase, and the modulation of MMP-13 production. HPEDMSO was able to inhibit the cAMP production and MAP kinase activation and to down-regulate the MMP-13 production. Pure compounds were less effective than the whole phytocomplex, thus suggesting the involvement of synergistic interactions. Present findings encourage further mechanistic studies and support the scientific basis of the use of H. procumbens in joint disorders.
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22
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Mlost J, Kac P, Kędziora M, Starowicz K. Antinociceptive and chondroprotective effects of prolonged β-caryophyllene treatment in the animal model of osteoarthritis: Focus on tolerance development. Neuropharmacology 2022; 204:108908. [PMID: 34856202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease in which cartilage degeneration leads to chronic pain. The endocannabinoid system has attracted attention as an emerging drug target for OA. However, the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids is limited by psychoactive side-effects related to CB1 activation and tolerance development for analgesic effects. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a low-efficacy natural agonist of CB2 and a common constituent of human diet with well-established anti-inflammatory properties. The results presented herein show the anti-nociceptive and chondroprotective potential of BCP in an animal model of OA induced by intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA). Behavioural assessment included pressure application measurement and kinetic weight bearing tests. Histological assessment of cartilage degeneration was quantified using OARSI scoring. Experiments established the dose-response effects of BCP and pharmacological mechanisms of the antinociceptive action dependent on CB2 and opioid receptors. Chronic BCP treatment was able to hamper cartilage degeneration without producing tolerance for the analgesic effects. The data presented herein show that BCP is able to produce both acute and prolonged antinociceptive and chondroprotective effects. Together with the safety profile and legal status of BCP, these results indicate a novel and promising disease-modifying strategy for treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mlost
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kac
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Kędziora
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland.
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23
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Vago R, Fiorio F, Trevisani F, Salonia A, Montorsi F, Bettiga A. The Mediterranean Diet as a Source of Bioactive Molecules with Cannabinomimetic Activity in Prevention and Therapy Strategy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030468. [PMID: 35276827 PMCID: PMC8839035 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a complex lipid signaling network that has evolved to be a key regulator of pro-homeostatic pathways for the organism. Its involvement in numerous processes has rendered it a very suitable target for pharmacological studies regarding metabolic syndrome, obesity and other lifestyle-related diseases. Cannabinomimetic molecules have been found in a large variety of foods, most of which are normally present in the Mediterranean diet. The majority of these compounds belong to the terpene and polyphenol classes. While it is known that they do not necessarily act directly on the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, their ability to regulate their expression levels has already been shown in some disease-related models, as well as their ability to modulate the activity of other components of the system. In this review, evidence was gathered to support the idea that phytocannabinoid dietary intake may indeed be a viable strategy for disease prevention and may be helpful in maintaining the health status. In an era where personalized nutrition is becoming more and more a reality, having new therapeutic targets could become an important resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vago
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-26435664
| | - Francesco Fiorio
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Trevisani
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Bettiga
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
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Picciolo G, Mannino F, Irrera N, Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Vaccaro M, Oteri G, Squadrito F, Pallio G. Reduction of oxidative stress blunts the NLRP3 inflammatory cascade in LPS stimulated human gingival fibroblasts and oral mucosal epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112525. [PMID: 34906776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of oral mucositis is very poor. Catechin and baicalin are two natural flavonoids that have been individually reported to have a curative potential. Flavocoxid is a mixed extract containing baicalin and catechin showing antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory activity mainly due to a dual inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and NLRP3 pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of flavocoxid in an "in vitro" model of oral mucositis induced by triggering an inflammatory phenotype in human gingival fibroblasts (GF) and human oral mucosal epithelial cells (EC). GF and EC were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS 2 μg/ml) alone or in combination with flavocoxid (32 μg/ml). Flavocoxid increased Nrf2, prompted a marked reduction in malondialdehyde levels and reduced the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX together with PGE2, and LTB4 levels. Flavocoxid caused also a great decrease in the expression of NF-κB and turned off NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream effectors signal, as caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in both GF and EC cells stimulated with LPS. These results suggest a correlation between oxidative stress and NLRP3 activation and indicate that flavocoxid suppresses the inflammatory storm that accompanies oral mucositis. This preclinical evidence deserves to be confirmed in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Picciolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; SunNutraPharma, Academic Spin-Off Company of the University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; SunNutraPharma, Academic Spin-Off Company of the University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Oteri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; SunNutraPharma, Academic Spin-Off Company of the University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Mannino F, Pallio G, Corsaro R, Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Vermiglio G, Allegra A, Eid AH, Bitto A, Squadrito F, Irrera N. Beta-Caryophyllene Exhibits Anti-Proliferative Effects through Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Modulation in Multiple Myeloma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5741. [PMID: 34830893 PMCID: PMC8616110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors, which are widely distributed in the body, have been considered as possible pharmacological targets for the management of several tumors. Cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family and are mainly expressed in hematopoietic and immune cells, such as B-cells, T-cells, and macrophages; thus, CB2R activation might be useful for treating cancers affecting plasma cells, such as multiple myeloma (MM). Previous studies have shown that CB2R stimulation may have anti-proliferative effects; therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the antitumor effect of beta-caryophyllene (BCP), a CB2R agonist, in an in vitro model of MM. Dexamethasone-resistant (MM.1R) and sensitive (MM.1S) human multiple myeloma cell lines were used in this study. Cells were treated with different concentrations of BCP for 24 h, and a group of cells was pre-incubated with AM630, a specific CB2R antagonist. BCP treatment reduced cell proliferation through CB2R stimulation; notably, BCP considerably increased the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and decreased the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2. Furthermore, an increase in caspase 3 protein levels was detected following BCP incubation, thus demonstrating its anti-proliferative effect through apoptosis activation. In addition, BCP regulated AKT, Wnt1, and beta-catenin expression, showing that CB2R stimulation may decrease cancer cell proliferation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These effects were counteracted by AM630 co-incubation, thus confirming that BCP's mechanism of action is mainly related to CB2R modulation. A decrease in β-catenin regulated the impaired cell cycle and especially promoted cyclin D1 and CDK 4/6 reduction. Taken together, these data revealed that BCP might have significant and effective anti-cancer and anti-proliferative effects in MM cells by activating apoptosis, modulating different molecular pathways, and downregulating the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (N.I.)
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (N.I.)
| | - Roberta Corsaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (N.I.)
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (N.I.)
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (D.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Giovanna Vermiglio
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (D.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar;
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (N.I.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (N.I.)
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (N.I.)
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Di Giacomo S, Mariano A, Gullì M, Fraschetti C, Vitalone A, Filippi A, Mannina L, Scotto d’Abusco A, Di Sotto A. Role of Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes in the Entourage Effect of Felina 32 Hemp Inflorescence Phytocomplex in Triple Negative MDA-MB-468 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216688. [PMID: 34771097 PMCID: PMC8587411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. crops have been traditionally exploited as sources of fibers, nutrients, and bioactive phytochemicals of medical interest. In the present study, two terpene-rich organic extracts, namely FOJ and FOS, obtained from Felina 32 hemp inflorescences collected in June and September, respectively, have been studied for their in vitro anticancer properties. Particularly, their cytotoxicity was evaluated in different cancer cell lines, and the possible entourage effect between nonintoxicating phytocannabinoids (cannabidiol and cannabichromene) and caryophyllane sesquiterpenes (β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide and α-humulene), as identified at GC/MS analysis, was characterized. Modulation of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors was studied as a mechanistic hypothesis. Results highlighted marked cytotoxic effects of FOJ, FOS, and pure compounds in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells, likely mediated by a CB2 receptor activation. Cannabidiol was the main cytotoxic constituent, although low levels of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes and cannabichromene induced potentiating effects; the presence in the extracts of unknown antagonistic compounds has been highlighted too. These results suggest an interest in Felina 32 hemp inflorescences as a source of bioactive phytocomplexes with anticancer properties and strengthen the importance of considering the possible involvement of minor terpenes, such as caryophyllane sesquiterpenes, in the entourage effect of hemp-based extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.G.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.d.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Anna Scotto d’Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.d.)
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.G.); (A.D.S.)
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Cannabinoids-A New Perspective in Adjuvant Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810048. [PMID: 34576212 PMCID: PMC8472313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, no treatment can completely cure pulmonary hypertension (PH), which can lead to right ventricular failure and, consequently, death. Therefore, searching for new therapies remains important. Increased resistance in pulmonary circulation is mainly caused by the excessive contraction and proliferation of small pulmonary arteries. Cannabinoids, a group of lipophilic compounds that all interact with cannabinoid receptors, exert a pulmonary vasodilatory effect through several different mechanisms, including mechanisms that depend on vascular endothelium and/or receptor-based mechanisms, and may also have anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. The vasodilatory effect is important in regulating pulmonary resistance, which can improve patients’ quality of life. Moreover, experimental studies on the effects of cannabidiol (plant-derived, non-psychoactive cannabinoid) in animal PH models have shown that cannabidiol reduces right ventricular systolic pressure and excessive remodelling and decreases pulmonary vascular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular resistance. Due to the potentially beneficial effects of cannabinoids on pulmonary circulation and PH, in this work, we review whether cannabinoids can be used as an adjunctive therapy for PH. However, clinical trials are still needed to recommend the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of PH.
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Castro NFDC, Jubilato FC, Guerra LHA, Santos FCAD, Taboga SR, Vilamaior PSL. Therapeutic effects of β-caryophyllene on proliferative disorders and inflammation of the gerbil prostate. Prostate 2021; 81:812-824. [PMID: 34125438 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostate is susceptible to changes in androgen levels, which can play an important role in the development of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Natural compounds have beneficial properties for organisms and can be an important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of diseases. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a phytocannabinoid present in several medicinal and food plants species and has shown beneficial effects in different organs. However, little is known about its effects on the prostate. The present study seeks to evaluate the effects of exposure to BCP on the morphophysiology of the ventral prostate of adult gerbils supplemented with testosterone. METHODS Animals were distributed into four groups (n = 8/group): Intact control (C); β-Caryophyllene (BCP): β-Caryophyllene (50 mg/kg/day); Testosterone (T): animals received subcutaneous injections of Testosterone Cypionate (3 mg/Kg), on alternate days, for one month and were euthanized 30 days supplementation ended; Testosterone and β-Caryophyllene (TBCP): animals were exposed to testosterone cypionate (3 mg/Kg) to induce hyperplastic alterations followed by daily BCP (50 mg/kg). Morphological, biometric, immunohistochemical, and serological analyses were performed. RESULTS Proliferative disorders and inflammatory foci were present in the ventral prostate of all experimental groups. An increase in the multiplicity of benign intraepithelial neoplasm and subepithelial inflammatory foci was observed in T group. The incidence of intraluminal inflammatory foci and microinvasive carcinoma was verified only in the T group. Cellular rearrangement and tissue remodeling occurred in the prostate of groups exposed to phytocannabinoids. A reduction was observed in the frequency of PHH3 and Cox2 markers in the prostatic epithelium of TBCP in comparison with T. A decrease in F4/80 and CD163 positive macrophages were also observed in the prostatic stroma of the TBCP group in comparison with T. The results suggest that BCP had favorable effects on BPH, reducing the proliferation and frequency of some inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION BCP impacts the tissue remodeling process in the premalignant prostate environment and that the use of this phytocannabinoid can have a promising effect in the handling of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Fernanda da Costa Castro
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Costa Jubilato
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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MAO-A Inhibition by Metaxalone Reverts IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Phenotype in Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168425. [PMID: 34445126 PMCID: PMC8395141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that several neurological disorders are associated with the occurrence of central nervous system neuroinflammation. Metaxalone is an FDA-approved muscle relaxant that has been reported to inhibit monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). The aim of this study was to investigate whether metaxalone might exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in HMC3 microglial cells. An inflammatory phenotype was induced in HMC3 microglial cells through stimulation with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Control cells and IL-1β-stimulated cells were subsequently treated with metaxalone (10, 20, and 40 µM) for six hours. IL-1β stimulated the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but reduced the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13). The upstream signal consisted of an increased priming of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), blunted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression. IL-1β also augmented MAO-A expression/activity and malondialdehyde levels and decreased Nrf2 mRNA expression and protein levels. Metaxalone decreased MAO-A activity and expression, reduced NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-6, enhanced IL-13, and also increased PPARγ, PGC-1α, and Nrf2 expression. The present experimental study suggests that metaxalone has potential for the treatment of several neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Mannino F, Pallio G, Bitto A, Altavilla D, Minutoli L, Squadrito V, Arcoraci V, Giorgi DA, Pirrotta I, Squadrito F, Irrera N. Targeting Adenosine Receptor by Polydeoxyribonucleotide: An Effective Therapeutic Strategy to Induce White-to-Brown Adipose Differentiation and to Curb Obesity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080728. [PMID: 34451825 PMCID: PMC8402160 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide chronic metabolic disease characterized by an abnormal fat accumulation and represents one of the main risk factors for several diseases. White adipose tissue is the primary site for energy storage in the form of triglycerides, whereas brown adipose tissue does not store energy-providing lipids but rather dissipates it by producing heat. White-to-brown adipocyte trans-differentiation could represent a new target of anti-obesity strategies and result in fat reduction. Previous studies indicated that adenosine receptor activation induces trans-differentiation of white adipocytes to brown adipocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an A2Ar receptor agonist, in an in vitro model of browning. Mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated in mature adipocytes with specific culture media and then treated with PDRN (10 µg/mL), PDRN + ZM241385 (1 µM), CGS21680 (1 µM) and CGS + ZM241385 for 24 h. Cell viability was studied by MTT assay, and browning induction was evaluated by Oil Red O staining and by RT-qPCR to study gene expression of browning markers. PDRN, as well as CGS21680, reduced the accumulation of lipids, cell volume and lipid droplet size; increased the expression of UCP1, PRDM16 and DIO2, considered as browning markers; and reduced the expression of FASn and FABP4, considered as whitening markers. In addition, PDRN decreased leptin expression and enhanced adiponectin mRNA levels. All these effects were abrogated when PDRN was co-incubated with the A2Ar antagonist ZM241385. In conclusion, these results suggest that PDRN is able to induce the white-to-brown adipose differentiation through A2Ar stimulation. Since PDRN is a safe drug already available in the market for other therapeutic indications, its “anti-obesity” potential warrants investigation in a clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
| | - Violetta Squadrito
- Department of Human Pathology and Evolutive Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
| | - Domenico Antonio Giorgi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
| | - Igor Pirrotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (L.M.); (V.A.); (D.A.G.); (I.P.); (N.I.)
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Matei DE, Menon M, Alber DG, Smith AM, Nedjat-Shokouhi B, Fasano A, Magill L, Duhlin A, Bitoun S, Gleizes A, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Manson JJ, Rosser EC, Klein N, Blair PA, Mauri C. Intestinal barrier dysfunction plays an integral role in arthritis pathology and can be targeted to ameliorate disease. MED 2021; 2:864-883.e9. [PMID: 34296202 PMCID: PMC8280953 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests an important role for gut-microbiota dysbiosis in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The link between changes in gut bacteria and the development of joint inflammation is missing. Here, we address whether there are changes to the gut environment and how they contribute to arthritis pathogenesis. Methods We analyzed changes in markers of gut permeability, damage, and inflammation in peripheral blood and serum of RA patients. Serum, intestines, and lymphoid organs isolated from K/BxN mice with spontaneous arthritis or from wild-type, genetically modified interleukin (IL)-10R−/−or claudin-8−/−mice with induced arthritis were analyzed by immunofluorescence/histology, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Findings RA patients display increased levels of serum markers of gut permeability and damage and cellular gut-homing markers, both parameters positively correlating with disease severity. Arthritic mice display increased gut permeability from early stages of disease, as well as bacterial translocation, inflammatory gut damage, increases in interferon γ (IFNγ)+and decreases in IL-10+intestinal-infiltrating leukocyte frequency, and reduced intestinal epithelial IL-10R expression. Mechanistically, both arthritogenic bacteria and leukocytes are required to disrupt gut-barrier integrity. We show that exposing intestinal organoids to IFNγ reduces IL-10R expression by epithelial cells and that mice lacking epithelial IL-10R display increased intestinal permeability and exacerbated arthritis. Claudin-8−/−mice with constitutively increased gut permeability also develop worse joint disease. Treatment of mice with AT-1001, a molecule that prevents development of gut permeability, ameliorates arthritis. Conclusions We suggest that breakdown of gut-barrier integrity contributes to arthritis development and propose restoration of gut-barrier homeostasis as a new therapeutic approach for RA. Funding Funded by Versus Arthritis (21140 and 21257) and UKRI/MRC (MR/T000910/1). Serum gut-permeability markers LPB, LPS, and I-FABP are increased in RA Mice with arthritis have increased gut permeability and intestinal inflammation Both bacteria and leukocytes are needed to disrupt gut-barrier integrity Prevention of gut-barrier dysfunction in arthritis ameliorates joint inflammation
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic joint inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the composition of the bacteria residing in the gut could be responsible for joint inflammation. Currently, it is unclear how bacteria or their products instruct cells of the immune system to become harmful and induce arthritis. Researchers at University College London have shown that, in arthritis, there is profound damage to the gut lining, which fails to work properly as a barrier, as well as an accumulation in the gut of white blood cells that cause inflammation. The authors show that, in arthritis, bacteria cross the prohibited border of the intestinal lining and that repairing gut permeability defects with specific drugs inhibits joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Matei
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dagmar G Alber
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Eastman Dental Institute, School of Life and Medical Sciences, UCL, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Bahman Nedjat-Shokouhi
- Eastman Dental Institute, School of Life and Medical Sciences, UCL, London WC1X 8LD, UK.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessio Fasano
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laura Magill
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Amanda Duhlin
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Samuel Bitoun
- Rheumatology Department, Bicêtre Hospital AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay and INSERM UMR 1184 IMVA 78 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Aude Gleizes
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006 Paris, France.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux Paris Saclay, Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94275 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jessica J Manson
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Nigel Klein
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul A Blair
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Claudia Mauri
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Hashiesh HM, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Sadek B, Jha NK, Kaabi JA, Ojha S. A focused review on CB2 receptor-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of β-caryophyllene, a dietary cannabinoid. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111639. [PMID: 34091179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a conserved physiological system emerged as a novel pharmacological target for its significant role and potential therapeutic benefits ranging from neurological diseases to cancer. Among both, CB1 and CB2R types, CB2R have received attention for its pharmacological effects as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiapoptotic that can be achieved without causing psychotropic adverse effects through CB1R. The ligands activate CB2R are of endogenous, synthetic and plant origin. In recent years, β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene in cannabis as well as non-cannabis plants, has received attention due to its selective agonist property on CB2R. BCP has been well studied in a variety of pathological conditions mediating CB2R selective agonist property. The focus of the present manuscript is to represent the CB2R selective agonist mediated pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of BCP. The present narrative review summarizes insights into the CB2R-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of BCP such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, chemopreventive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator. The available evidences suggest that BCP, can be an important candidate of plant origin endowed with CB2R selective properties that may provide a pharmacological rationale for its pharmacotherapeutic application and pharmaceutical development like a drug. Additionally, given the wide availability in edible plants and dietary use, with safety, and no toxicity, BCP can be promoted as a nutraceutical and functional food for general health and well-being. Further, studies are needed to explore pharmacological and pharmaceutical opportunities for therapeutic and preventive applications of use of BCP in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Soni UK, Chadchan SB, Gupta RK, Kumar V, Kumar Jha R. miRNA-149 targets PARP-2 in endometrial epithelial and stromal cells to regulate the trophoblast attachment process. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6288493. [PMID: 34051087 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a highly complex process involving many regulatory factors, including several micro RNAs (miRNAs/miRs). One miRNA present in the stromal cells of normal endometrium is miR-149, which targets poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2), a gene involved in endometrial receptivity for trophoblast implantation. However, the precise role of miR-149 in the endometrial receptivity during blastocyst implantation is still unknown. We studied miR-149-dependent PARP-2 regulation during trophoblast attachment to endometrial epithelial cells. Using FISH, we found that miR-149 is expressed in mouse endometrial epithelial and stromal cells at implantation and inter-implantation sites. Endometrial receptivity for embryo implantation and attachment is inhibited by the upregulation of miR-149 in the endometrium. Our RT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of miR-149 in the implantation region of the uterus during the receptive stage (Day 5, 0500 h, p.c.) in the mouse. Under in-vitro conditions, miR-149 overexpression in human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) abrogated the human trophoblastic cells spheroid and mouse blastocyst attachment. Subsequently, miR-149 also regulates transformed human endometrial stromal cell (T-hESCs) decidualization by downregulating PARP-2 and upregulating caspase-8 proteins. Overexpression of miR-149 in hEECs and downregulated PARP-2 protein expression, reconfirming that PARP-2 is a downstream target of miR-149 in endometrial cells as well. miR-149 is also able to alter the expression of caspase-8, another PARP-2 regulator. In conclusion, our data indicate that miR-149 is one of the regulators of endometrial receptivity and decidualization for trophoblast implantation, and it exerts the effects by acting on the downstream targets PARP-2 and caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Kumar Soni
- Female Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sangappa Basanna Chadchan
- Female Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Female Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Female Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Jha
- Female Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
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Cannabinoid-based therapy as a future for joint degeneration. Focus on the role of CB 2 receptor in the arthritis progression and pain: an updated review. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:681-699. [PMID: 34050525 PMCID: PMC8180479 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, the percentage of patients suffering from different forms of arthritis has increased due to the ageing population and the increasing risk of civilization diseases, e.g. obesity, which contributes to arthritis development. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are estimated to affect 50-60% of people over 65 years old and cause serious health and economic problems. Currently, therapeutic strategies are limited and focus mainly on pain attenuation and maintaining joint functionality. First-line therapies are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; in more advanced stages, stronger analgesics, such as opioids, are required, and in the most severe cases, joint arthroplasty is the only option to ensure joint mobility. Cannabinoids, both endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoid receptor (CB) agonists, are novel therapeutic options for the treatment of arthritis-associated pain. CB1 receptors are mainly located in the nervous system; thus, CB1 agonists induce many side effects, which limit their therapeutic efficacy. On the other hand, CB2 receptors are mainly located in the periphery on immune cells, and CB2 modulators exert analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. In the current review, novel research on the cannabinoid-mediated analgesic effect on arthritis is presented, with particular emphasis on the role of the CB2 receptor in arthritis-related pain and the suppression of inflammation.
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Jha NK, Sharma C, Hashiesh HM, Arunachalam S, Meeran MN, Javed H, Patil CR, Goyal SN, Ojha S. β-Caryophyllene, A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid can be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:590201. [PMID: 34054510 PMCID: PMC8163236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.590201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic and presents a public health emergency. It has affected millions of people and continues to affect more, despite tremendous social preventive measures. Identifying candidate drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is crucial. The pathogenesis and the complications with advanced infection mainly involve an immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, therapeutic strategy relies on suppressing infectivity and inflammation, along with immune modulation. One of the most promising therapeutic targets for the modulation of immune-inflammatory responses is the endocannabinoid system, particularly the activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R), a G-protein coupled receptor which mediates the anti-inflammatory properties by modulating numerous signaling pathways. To pharmacologically activate the CB2 receptors, a naturally occurring cannabinoid ligand, beta-caryophyllene (BCP), received attention due to its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. BCP is recognized as a full selective functional agonist on CB2 receptors and produces therapeutic effects by activating CB2 and the nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). BCP is regarded as the first dietary cannabinoid with abundant presence across cannabis and non-cannabis plants, including spices and other edible plants. BCP showed tissue protective properties and favorably modulates numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. Based on its pharmacological properties, molecular mechanisms, and the therapeutic potential of BCP as an immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, organ-protective, and antiviral, we hypothesize that BCP could be a promising therapeutic and/or preventive candidate to target the triad of infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19. In line with numerous studies that proposed the potential of cannabinoids in COVID-19, BCP may be a novel candidate compound for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development due to its unique functional receptor selectivity, wide availability and accessibility, dietary bioavailability, nonpsychoactivity, and negligible toxicity along with druggable properties, including favorable pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Based on reasonable pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic properties, we speculate that BCP has potential to be investigated against COVID-19 and will inspire further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Seenipandi Arunachalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mf Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Li WY, Yang F, Chen JH, Ren GF. β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates MSU-Induced Gouty Arthritis and Inflammation Through Inhibiting NLRP3 and NF-κB Signal Pathway: In Silico and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651305. [PMID: 33967792 PMCID: PMC8103215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gouty arthritis serves as an acute reaction initiated by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals around the joints. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemical β-caryophyllene on MSU crystal-induced acute gouty arthritis in vivo and in silico were explored. Through bioinformatics methods and molecular docking, it screened the specific influence pathway of β-caryophyllene on gout. Certain methods including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining were adopted to quantify. β-caryophyllene significantly reduced inflammation and function of ankle joints in MSU Crystals-induced gouty arthritis rats, while decreasing serum cytokine levels. Furthermore, it inhibited the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, TLR4, MyD88, p65, and IL-1β in the synovial tissue so as to reduce inflammation and protect ankle joints’ function. A new research approach in which β-caryophyllene treatment to acute attacks of gout is provided through the research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yang Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Feng Ren
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Picciolo G, Mannino F, Irrera N, Altavilla D, Minutoli L, Vaccaro M, Arcoraci V, Squadrito V, Picciolo G, Squadrito F, Pallio G. PDRN, a natural bioactive compound, blunts inflammation and positively reprograms healing genes in an "in vitro" model of oral mucositis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111538. [PMID: 34311536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis is a side effect hard to treat following high dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Adenosine A2A receptor stimulation blocks NF-κB and boosts the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thus blunting inflammation and triggering growth factor codifying genes. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a registered drug that activates the A2A receptor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate PDRN effects in an "in vitro" model of oral mucositis induced by prompting an inflammatory phenotype in human gingival fibroblasts (GF) and human oral mucosal epithelial cells (EC). GF and EC were stimulated with LPS (2 μg/ml) alone or in combination with i) PDRN (100 μg/ml); ii) PDRN plus ZM241385 (1 μM) as an A2AR antagonist; iii) CGS21680 (1 μM) as an A2AR agonist. LPS boosted NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 expression, decreased IL-10 levels and downregulated both Wnt/β-catenin, VEGF and EGF expression. PDRN reverted the LPS-induced phenotype as well as CGS21680. Co-incubation with ZM241385 abolished PDRN effects, thus confirming A2A receptor involvement in PDRN mechanism of action. These results suggest that PDRN efficacy may be due to a "dual mode" of action: NF-κB inhibition and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. However, these interesting findings need to be confirmed by animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Picciolo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; SunNutraPharma, Academic Spin-Off Company of the University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; SunNutraPharma, Academic Spin-Off Company of the University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Violetta Squadrito
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Picciolo
- SunNutraPharma, Academic Spin-Off Company of the University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; SunNutraPharma, Academic Spin-Off Company of the University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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In Vitro Effects of Low Doses of β-Caryophyllene, Ascorbic Acid and d-Glucosamine on Human Chondrocyte Viability and Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030286. [PMID: 33806983 PMCID: PMC8005039 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-caryophyllene (BCP), a plant-derived sesquiterpene, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of BCP in combination with ascorbic acid (AA) and d-glucosamine (GlcN) against macrophage-mediated inflammation on in vitro primary human chondrocytes. Changes in cell viability, intracellular ROS generation, gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagen type II and aggrecan were analyzed in primary human chondrocytes exposed to the conditioned medium (CM) of activated U937 monocytes and subsequently treated with BCP alone or in combination with AA and GlcN. The CM-induced chondrocyte cytotoxicity was reduced by the presence of low doses of BCP alone or in combination with AA and GlcN. The exposure of cells to CM significantly increased IL-1β, NF-κB1 and MMP-13 expression, but when BCP was added to the inflamed cells, alone or in combination with AA and GlcN, gene transcription for all these molecules was restored to near baseline values. Moreover, chondrocytes increased the expression of collagen type II and aggrecan when stimulated with AA and GlcN alone or in combination with BCP. This study showed the synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of BCP, AA and GlcN at low doses on human chondrocyte cultures treated with the CM of activated U937 cells. Moreover, the combination of the three molecules was able to promote the expression of collagen type II and aggrecan. All together, these data could suggest that BCP, AA and GlcN exert a chondro-protective action.
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Iannotti FA, Vitale RM. The Endocannabinoid System and PPARs: Focus on Their Signalling Crosstalk, Action and Transcriptional Regulation. Cells 2021; 10:586. [PMID: 33799988 PMCID: PMC8001692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors including PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, acting as transcription factors to regulate the expression of a plethora of target genes involved in metabolism, immune reaction, cell differentiation, and a variety of other cellular changes and adaptive responses. PPARs are activated by a large number of both endogenous and exogenous lipid molecules, including phyto- and endo-cannabinoids, as well as endocannabinoid-like compounds. In this view, they can be considered an extension of the endocannabinoid system. Besides being directly activated by cannabinoids, PPARs are also indirectly modulated by receptors and enzymes regulating the activity and metabolism of endocannabinoids, and, vice versa, the expression of these receptors and enzymes may be regulated by PPARs. In this review, we provide an overview of the crosstalk between cannabinoids and PPARs, and the importance of their reciprocal regulation and modulation by common ligands, including those belonging to the extended endocannabinoid system (or "endocannabinoidome") in the control of major physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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Health Potential of Aloe vera against Oxidative Stress Induced Corneal Damage: An "In Vitro" Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020318. [PMID: 33672553 PMCID: PMC7923787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is characterized by the gradual deterioration of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and is the most common cause of corneal transplantation worldwide. CECs apoptosis caused by oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of FECD. Antioxidant compounds have been of considerable significance as a candidate treatment in the management of corneal diseases. Based on these findings, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an aloe extract with antioxidant properties, in an “in vitro” model of FECD. Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were preincubated with aloe extract 100 μg/mL, two hours before hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. H2O2 challenge significantly reduced the cell viability, increased the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, m-RNA expression and activity of Nrf-2, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced together with an enhanced expression of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Furthermore, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 expression were down-regulated while Bax was up-regulated by H2O2 stimulus. Aloe extract blunted the oxidative stress-induced inflammatory cascade triggered by H2O2 and modulated apoptosis. Aloe extract defends HCE cells from H2O2-induced injury possibly due its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, indicating that eye drops containing aloe extract may be used as an adjunctive treatment for FECD.
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Menghini L, Ferrante C, Carradori S, D’Antonio M, Orlando G, Cairone F, Cesa S, Filippi A, Fraschetti C, Zengin G, Ak G, Tacchini M, Iqbal K. Chemical and Bioinformatics Analyses of the Anti-Leishmanial and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Hemp Essential Oil. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020272. [PMID: 33673274 PMCID: PMC7917915 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial hemp is a multiuse crop that has been widely cultivated to produce fibers and nutrients. The capability of the essential oil (EO) from inflorescences as antimicrobial agent has been reported. However, literature data are still lacking about the hemp EO antiprotozoal efficacy in vivo. The present study aims to unravel this concern through the evaluation of the efficacy of hemp EOs (2.5 mL/kg, intraperitoneally) of three different cultivars, namely Futura 75, Carmagnola selezionata and Eletta campana, in mice intraperitoneally infected with Leishmania tropica. A detailed description of EO composition and targets-components analysis is reported. Myrcene, α-pinene and E-caryophyllene were the main components of the EOs, as indicated by the gas-chromatographic analysis. However, a prominent position in the scenario of the theoretical interactions underlying the bio-pharmacological activity was also occupied by selina-3,7(11)-diene, which displayed affinities in the micromolar range (5.4–28.9) towards proliferator-activated receptor α, cannabinoid CB2 receptor and acetylcholinesterase. The content of this compound was higher in Futura 75 and Eletta campana, in accordance with their higher scavenging/reducing properties and efficacy against the tissue wound, induced by L. tropica. Overall, the present study recommends hemp female inflorescences, as sources of biomolecules with potential pharmacological applications, especially towards infective diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.C.); (G.O.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.C.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (M.T.); Tel./Fax: +39-0871-355-4753 (C.F.)
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.C.); (G.O.)
| | | | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.C.); (G.O.)
| | - Francesco Cairone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (S.C.); (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (S.C.); (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (S.C.); (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (S.C.); (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Tacchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (M.T.); Tel./Fax: +39-0871-355-4753 (C.F.)
| | - Kashif Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 54590, Pakistan;
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NLRP3 Inflammasome: A New Pharmacological Target for Reducing Testicular Damage Associated with Varicocele. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031319. [PMID: 33525681 PMCID: PMC7865407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bioactive natural compounds are being increasingly used for therapeutics and nutraceutical applications to counteract male infertility, particularly varicocele. The roles of selenium and Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) were investigated in an experimental model of varicocele, with particular regard to the role of NLRP3 inflammasome. Male rats underwent sham operation and were daily administered with vehicle, seleno-L-methionine (Se), PDRN, and with the association Se-PDRN. Another group of rats were operated for varicocele. After twenty-eight days, sham and varicocele rats were sacrificed and both testes were weighted and analyzed. All the other rats were challenged for one month with the same compounds. In varicocele animals, lower testosterone levels, testes weight, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β and caspase-1 increased gene expression were demonstrated. TUNEL assay showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. Structural and ultrastructural damage to testes was also shown. PDRN alone significantly improved all considered parameters more than Se. The Se-PDRN association significantly improved all morphological parameters, significantly increased testosterone levels, and reduced NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 and IL-1β expression and TUNEL-positive cell numbers. Our results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome can be considered an interesting target in varicocele and that Se-PDRN may be a new medical approach in support to surgery.
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Lago-Fernandez A, Zarzo-Arias S, Jagerovic N, Morales P. Relevance of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Multitarget Paradigm Associated with the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1001. [PMID: 33498245 PMCID: PMC7863932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids have shown to exert their therapeutic actions through a variety of targets. These include not only the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R but also related orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligand-gated ion channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, metabolic enzymes, and nuclear receptors. In this review, we aim to summarize reported compounds exhibiting their therapeutic effects upon the modulation of CB1R and/or CB2R and the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Concomitant actions at CBRs and PPARα or PPARγ subtypes have shown to mediate antiobesity, analgesic, antitumoral, or neuroprotective properties of a variety of phytogenic, endogenous, and synthetic cannabinoids. The relevance of this multitargeting mechanism of action has been analyzed in the context of diverse pathologies. Synergistic effects triggered by combinatorial treatment with ligands that modulate the aforementioned targets have also been considered. This literature overview provides structural and pharmacological insights for the further development of dual cannabinoids for specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
| | - Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
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Scandiffio R, Geddo F, Cottone E, Querio G, Antoniotti S, Gallo MP, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Protective Effects of ( E)-β-Caryophyllene (BCP) in Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113273. [PMID: 33114564 PMCID: PMC7692661 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where it contributes a unique aroma to essential oils and has a pivotal role in the survival and evolution of higher plants. Recent studies provided evidence for protective roles of BCP in animal cells, highlighting its possible use as a novel therapeutic tool. Experimental results show the ability of BCP to reduce pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), thus ameliorating chronic pathologies characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, in particular metabolic and neurological diseases. Through the binding to CB2 cannabinoid receptors and the interaction with members of the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), BCP shows beneficial effects on obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) liver diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pain and other nervous system disorders. This review describes the current knowledge on the biosynthesis and natural sources of BCP, and reviews its role and mechanisms of action in different inflammation-related metabolic and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Di Sotto A, Mancinelli R, Gullì M, Eufemi M, Mammola CL, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S. Chemopreventive Potential of Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes: An Overview of Preliminary Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3034. [PMID: 33081075 PMCID: PMC7603190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention is referred to as a strategy to inhibit, suppress, or reverse tumor development and progression in healthy people along with high-risk subjects and oncologic patients through using pharmacological or natural substances. Numerous phytochemicals have been widely described in the literature to possess chemopreventive properties, although their clinical usefulness remains to be defined. Among them, caryophyllane sesquiterpenes are natural compounds widely occurring in nature kingdoms, especially in plants, fungi, and marine environments. Several structures, characterized by a common caryophyllane skeleton with further rearrangements, have been identified, but those isolated from plant essential oils, including β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and isocaryophyllene, have attracted the greatest pharmacological attention. Emerging evidence has outlined a complex polypharmacological profile of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes characterized by blocking, suppressing, chemosensitizing, and cytoprotective properties, which suggests a possible usefulness of these natural substances in cancer chemoprevention for both preventive and adjuvant purposes. In the present review, the scientific knowledge about the chemopreventive properties of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes and the mechanisms involved have been collected and discussed; moreover, possible structure-activity relationships have been highlighted. Although further high-quality studies are required, the promising preclinical findings and the safe pharmacological profile encourage further studies to define a clinical usefulness of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes in primary, secondary, or tertiary chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Loredana Mammola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
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Hashiesh HM, Meeran MN, Sharma C, Sadek B, Kaabi JA, Ojha SK. Therapeutic Potential of β-Caryophyllene: A Dietary Cannabinoid in Diabetes and Associated Complications. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102963. [PMID: 32998300 PMCID: PMC7599522 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide across developed as well as developing nations. Hyperglycemia is the core feature of the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following insulin deficiency and impaired insulin secretion or sensitivity leads insulin resistance (IR), respectively. Genetic and environmental factors attributed to the pathogenesis of DM and various therapeutic strategies are available for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Among the numerous therapeutic approaches, the health effects of dietary/nutraceutical approach due to the presence of bioactive constituents, popularly termed phytochemicals are receiving special interest for pharmacological effects and therapeutic benefits. The phytochemicals classes, in particular sesquiterpenes received attention because of potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic effects and health benefits mediating modulation of enzymes, receptors, and signaling pathways deranged in DM and its complications. One of the terpene compounds, β-caryophyllene (BCP), received enormous attention because of its abundant occurrence, non-psychoactive nature, and dietary availability through consumption of edible plants including spices. BCP exhibit selective full agonism on cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R), an important component of endocannabinoid system, and plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism and represents the newest drug target for chronic inflammatory diseases. BCP also showed agonist action on peroxisome proliferated activated receptor subtypes, PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, the main target of currently used fibrates and imidazolidinones for dyslipidemia and IR, respectively. Many studies demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, organoprotective, and antihyperglycemic properties. In the present review, the plausible therapeutic potential of BCP in diabetes and associated complications has been comprehensively elaborated based on experimental and a few clinical studies available. Further, the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of BCP in diabetes and its complications have been represented using synoptic tables and schemes. Given the safe status, abundant natural occurrence, oral bioavailability, dietary use and pleiotropic properties modulating receptors and enzymes, BCP appears as a promising molecule for diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, UAE; (H.M.H.); (M.F.N.M.); (B.S.)
| | - M.F. Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, UAE; (H.M.H.); (M.F.N.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, UAE; (C.S.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, UAE; (H.M.H.); (M.F.N.M.); (B.S.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, UAE
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, UAE; (C.S.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, UAE; (H.M.H.); (M.F.N.M.); (B.S.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, UAE
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-7524; Fax: +971-3-767-2033
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Mariano A, Di Sotto A, Leopizzi M, Garzoli S, Di Maio V, Gullì M, Dalla Vedova P, Ammendola S, Scotto d’Abusco A. Antiarthritic Effects of a Root Extract from Harpagophytum procumbens DC: Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Bioactive Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092545. [PMID: 32842461 PMCID: PMC7551290 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn. is a traditional remedy for osteoarticular diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA), although the bioactive constituents and mechanisms involved are yet to be clarified. In the present study, an aqueous H. procumbens root extract (HPE; containing 1.2% harpagoside) was characterized for its effects on synoviocytes from OA patients and phytochemical composition in polyphenols, and volatile compounds were detected. HPE powder was dissolved in different solvents, including deionized water (HPEH2O), DMSO (HPEDMSO), 100% v/v ethanol (HPEEtOH100), and 50% v/v ethanol (HPEEtOH50). The highest polyphenol levels were found in HPEDMSO and HPEEtOH50, whereas different volatile compounds, mainly β-caryophyllene and eugenol, were detected in all the extracts except for HPEH2O. HPEH2O and HPEDMSO were able to enhance CB2 receptor expression and to downregulate PI-PLC β2 in synovial membranes; moreover, all the extracts inhibited FAAH activity. The present results highlight for the first time a multitarget modulation of the endocannabinoid system by HPE, likely ascribable to its hydrosoluble compounds, along with the presence of volatile compounds in H. procumbens root. Although hydrosoluble compounds seem to be mainly responsible for endocannabinoid modulation by HPE, a possible contribution of volatile compounds can be suggested, strengthening the hypothesis that the entire phytocomplex can contribute to the H. procumbens healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.L.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Di Maio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.L.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Pietro Dalla Vedova
- UOC di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Ospedale Santa Scolastica di Cassino, ASL di Frosinone, Via S. Pasquale, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Sergio Ammendola
- Ambiotec S.A.S. Via Appia Nord 47, 04012 Cisterna di Latina (LT), Italy;
| | - Anna Scotto d’Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-0947
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Picciolo G, Pallio G, Altavilla D, Vaccaro M, Oteri G, Irrera N, Squadrito F. β-Caryophyllene Reduces the Inflammatory Phenotype of Periodontal Cells by Targeting CB2 Receptors. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060164. [PMID: 32560286 PMCID: PMC7344807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gingival fibroblasts (GF) and human oral mucosa epithelial cells (EC) with an inflammatory phenotype represent a valuable experimental paradigm to explore the curative activity of agents to be used in oral mucositis. The role of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has not yet been investigated in oral mucositis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a CB2 agonist, in an in vitro model of oral mucositis. GF and EC were stimulated with LPS (2 µg/mL) alone or in combination with BCP; a group of LPS challenged GF and EC were treated with BCP and AM630, a CB2 antagonist. LPS increased the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A whereas it decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13. The upstream signals were identified in an augmented expression of NF-κB and STAT-3 and in reduced mRNA levels of PPARγ and PGC-1α. BCP blunted the LPS-induced inflammatory phenotype and this effect was reverted by the CB2 antagonist AM630. These results suggest that CB2 receptors are an interesting target to develop innovative strategies for oral mucositis and point out that BCP exerts a marked curative effect in a preclinical model of oral mucositis which deserves to be confirmed in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Picciolo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (D.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (M.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (D.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (M.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Giacomo Oteri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (D.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (M.V.); (N.I.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (M.V.); (N.I.)
- SunNutraPharma, Academic Spin-Off Company of the University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0902213648
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β-Caryophyllene Inhibits Cell Proliferation through a Direct Modulation of CB2 Receptors in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041038. [PMID: 32340197 PMCID: PMC7226353 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are aggressive cancers characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and inflammation. b-caryophyllene (BCP) is a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist that showed an important anti-inflammatory effect through the interaction of CB2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) receptors. BCP effects were investigated in an in vitro model of glioblastoma. U-373 and U87, derived from a human glioblastoma, and human glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) were treated with BCP at different doses and time-points. AM360, a specific CB2 antagonist, was added 2 h before BCP treatment. BCP showed a significant anti-proliferative effect, reducing cell viability, inhibiting cell cycle, and increasing apoptosis, as demonstrated by Tunel assay, caspase-3 and caspase -9 activation. In addition, the pro-apoptotic BAX expression was increased, whereas the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression was reduced. Treatment with BCP decreased Beclin-1, LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 expression, indicating a possible switch of autophagy to apoptosis. BCP’s anti-inflammatory effect was demonstrated by NF-κB reduction, PPARg activation and TNF-a decrease; BCP significantly reduced Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) expression as a consequence of TNF-α inhibition. AM360 abrogated BCP effects, thus demonstrating the BCP mechanism of action through the CB2 receptor. These findings let us hypothesize that BCP may act as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma, acting on CB2 receptor and modulating JNK.
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