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Caldwell J, Gopal K, Ortu D, Miller S. Electrophysiological auditory measures to identify potential cortical markers of tinnitus. Brain Res 2024:149100. [PMID: 38942351 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Tinnitus, or the perception of a sound in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus, is a common condition that cannot yet be objectively diagnosed. Current diagnostic tests of tinnitus consist of case history and behavioral measures that rely on subjective responses. This study examined electrophysiological measures, specifically the auditory late response (ALR), mismatch negativity (MMN), and P300 as potential neural biomarkers of tinnitus in both a tinnitus and non-tinnitus control group while utilizing the pitch-matched tinnitus frequencies as the test stimuli. Results of this study found differences in MMN amplitudes and area under the curve, and in P300 topographic maps between tinnitus and control subjects. The differences in MMN responses across groups suggest that dysfunctional processing of acoustic stimuli located near the tinnitus frequency in individuals with tinnitus manifests as soon as 200 ms after initial onset of the stimulus. In addition, results from a global field power analysis and differences in spatial distributions on topographical maps indicate that deficits persist through higher levels of cortical processing. A secondary goal of this study was to determine if electrophysiological measures correlated with reported tinnitus severity on questionnaires. This analysis indicated that P2 latency was a significant predictor of Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and percent of the time participant's tinnitus was considered bothersome, suggesting that this measure could potentially be used to assess the efficacy of treatment programs for tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Caldwell
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.
| | - Kamakshi Gopal
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Daniele Ortu
- Department of Behavior Analysis, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Sharon Miller
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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2
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Basodi S, Raja R, Gazula H, Romero JT, Panta S, Maullin-Sapey T, Nichols TE, Calhoun VD. Decentralized Mixed Effects Modeling in COINSTAC. Neuroinformatics 2024; 22:163-175. [PMID: 38424371 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-024-09657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Performing group analysis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with linear mixed-effects (LME) models is challenging due to its large dimensionality and inherent multi-level covariance structure. In addition, as large-scale collaborative projects become commonplace in neuroimaging, data must increasingly be stored and analyzed from different locations. In such settings, substantial overhead can occur in terms of data transfer and coordination between participating research groups. In some cases, data cannot be pooled together due to privacy or regulatory concerns. In this work, we propose a decentralized LME model to perform a large-scale analysis of data from different collaborations without data pooling. This method is efficient as it overcomes the hurdles of data sharing and has lower bandwidth and memory requirements for analysis than the centralized modeling approach. We evaluate our model using features extracted from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data. Results highlight gray matter reductions in the temporal lobe/insula and medial frontal regions in schizophrenia, consistent with prior studies. Our analysis also demonstrates that decentralized LME models achieve similar performance compared to the models trained with all the data in one location. We also implement the decentralized LME approach in COINSTAC, an open source, decentralized platform for federating neuroimaging analysis, providing an easy to use tool for dissemination to the neuroimaging community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Basodi
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajikha Raja
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Harshvardhan Gazula
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Javier Tomas Romero
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sandeep Panta
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Nichols
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Hamel R, Waltzing BM, Hinder MR, McAllister CJ, Jenkinson N, Galea JM. Bilateral intracortical inhibition during unilateral motor preparation and sequence learning. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:349-361. [PMID: 38479713 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor sequence learning gradually quickens reaction time, suggesting that sequence learning alters motor preparation processes. Interestingly, evidence has shown that preparing sequence movements decreases short intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the contralateral motor cortex (M1), but also that sequence learning alters motor preparation processes in both the contralateral and ipsilateral M1s. Therefore, one possibility is that sequence learning alters the SICI decreases occurring during motor preparation in bilateral M1s. To examine this, two novel hypotheses were tested: unilateral sequence preparation would decrease SICI in bilateral M1s, and sequence learning would alter such bilateral SICI responses. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered over the contralateral and ipsilateral M1s to assess SICI in an index finger muscle during the preparation of sequences initiated by either the right index or little finger. In the absence of sequence learning, SICI decreased in both the contralateral and ipsilateral M1s during the preparation of sequences initiated by the right index finger, suggesting that SICI decreases in bilateral M1s during unilateral motor preparation. As sequence learning progressed, SICI decreased in the contralateral M1 whilst it increased in the ipsilateral M1. Moreover, these bilateral SICI responses were observed at the onset of motor preparation, suggesting that sequence learning altered baseline SICI levels rather than the SICI decreases occurring during motor preparation per se. Altogether, these results suggest that SICI responses in bilateral M1s reflect two motor processes: an acute decrease of inhibition during motor preparation, and a cooperative but bidirectional shift of baseline inhibition levels as sequence learning progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hamel
- School of Sports, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - B M Waltzing
- School of Sports, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Institute of Neurosciences, UC Louvain, Belgium Avenue Mounier 54, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - M R Hinder
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine After School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - C J McAllister
- School of Sports, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Jenkinson
- School of Sports, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J M Galea
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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4
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Castagno AN, Spaiardi P, Trucco A, Maniezzi C, Raffin F, Mancini M, Nicois A, Cazzola J, Pedrinazzi M, Del Papa P, Pisani A, Talpo F, Biella GR. Oxytocin Modifies the Excitability and the Action Potential Shape of the Hippocampal CA1 GABAergic Interneurons. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2613. [PMID: 38473860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide that modulates social-related behavior and cognition in the central nervous system of mammals. In the CA1 area of the hippocampus, the indirect effects of the OT on the pyramidal neurons and their role in information processing have been elucidated. However, limited data are available concerning the direct modulation exerted by OT on the CA1 interneurons (INs) expressing the oxytocin receptor (OTR). Here, we demonstrated that TGOT (Thr4,Gly7-oxytocin), a selective OTR agonist, affects not only the membrane potential and the firing frequency but also the neuronal excitability and the shape of the action potentials (APs) of these INs in mice. Furthermore, we constructed linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) to unravel the dependencies between the AP parameters and the firing frequency, also considering how TGOT can interact with them to strengthen or weaken these influences. Our analyses indicate that OT regulates the functionality of the CA1 GABAergic INs through different and independent mechanisms. Specifically, the increase in neuronal firing rate can be attributed to the depolarizing effect on the membrane potential and the related enhancement in cellular excitability by the peptide. In contrast, the significant changes in the AP shape are directly linked to oxytocinergic modulation. Importantly, these alterations in AP shape are not associated with the TGOT-induced increase in neuronal firing rate, being themselves critical for signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nicolas Castagno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- INFN-Pavia Section, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Trucco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Raffin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Mancini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nicois
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Jessica Cazzola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matilda Pedrinazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Del Papa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Rosario Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- INFN-Pavia Section, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Bordini D, Moya AC, Asevedo GRDC, Paula CS, Brunoni D, Brentani H, Caetano SC, Mari JDJ, Bagaiolo L. Exploring the Acquisition of Social Communication Skills in Children with Autism: Preliminary Findings from Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Parent Training, and Video Modeling. Brain Sci 2024; 14:172. [PMID: 38391746 PMCID: PMC10886593 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Social communication skills, especially eye contact and joint attention, are frequently impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and predict functional outcomes. Applied behavior analysis is one of the most common evidence-based treatments for ASD, but it is not accessible to most families in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as it is an expensive and intensive treatment and needs to be delivered by highly specialized professionals. Parental training has emerged as an effective alternative. This is an exploratory study to assess a parental intervention group via video modeling to acquire eye contact and joint attention. Four graded measures of eye contact and joint attention (full physical prompt, partial physical prompt, gestural prompt, and independent) were assessed in 34 children with ASD and intellectual disability (ID). There was a progressive reduction in the level of prompting required over time to acquire eye contact and joint attention, as well as a positive correlation between the time of exposure to the intervention and the acquisition of abilities. This kind of parent training using video modeling to teach eye contact and joint attention skills to children with ASD and ID is a low-cost intervention that can be applied in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bordini
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Moya
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Silvestre Paula
- Human Development Sciences Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University (UPM), Sao Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Décio Brunoni
- Human Development Sciences Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University (UPM), Sao Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Psychiatry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cavalcante Caetano
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Bagaiolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
- Gradual-Behavioral Intervention Group, Sao Paulo 05458-000, SP, Brazil
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Gatti D, Rinaldi L, Mazzoni G, Vecchi T. Semantic and episodic processes differently predict false memories in the DRM task. Sci Rep 2024; 14:256. [PMID: 38167871 PMCID: PMC10761856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a fervent debate about the processes underpinning false memories formation. Seminal theories have suggested that semantic memory would be involved in false memories production, while episodic memory would counter their formation. Yet, direct evidence corroborating such view is still lacking. Here, we tested this possibility by asking participants to perform the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task, a typical false memory paradigm, in which they had to study lists of words and subsequently to recognize and distinguish them from new words (i.e., the false memory items). The same participants were also required to perform a semantic task and an episodic-source memory task. Our results showed that a higher number of false memories in the DRM task occurred for those participants with better semantic memory abilities, while a lower number of false memories occurred for participants with better episodic abilities. These findings support a key role of semantic processes in false memory formation and, more generally, help clarify the specific contribution of different memory systems to false recognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mazzoni
- Department of Health, Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Tomaso Vecchi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Zhang B, Tian H, Yu Y, Zhen X, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Wang L. A localized pallidal physiomarker in Meige syndrome. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1286634. [PMID: 38178893 PMCID: PMC10764606 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1286634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Oscillatory patterns in local field potentials (LFPs) have been recognized as disease-specific physiomarkers, particularly in the context of Parkinson's disease and cervical dystonia. This characteristic oscillatory feature is currently employed in adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS). However, for other types of dystonia, especially Meige syndrome, a distinct physiomarker of this nature is yet to be identified. Methods Local field potentials were recorded during microelectrode-guided deep brain stimulation surgery from 28 patients with primary Meige syndrome. Before surgery, the severity of patients' motor syndrome were assessed using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale-Motor (BFMDRS-M). An instantaneous oscillation detection method was employed to identify true narrowband oscillations. Subsequently, a linear mixed effects model was utilized to examine the relationship between oscillatory activities (including power amplitude and burst duration) and symptom severity. Results The focal peaks of "oscillatory activities" detected were predominantly concentrated in the narrow theta band (4-8 Hz), constituting 81.5% of the total detected oscillations in all recording sites near active DBS contacts in the globus pallidus internus (GPi). The linear mixed effects model revealed a positive correlation between the theta burst duration and the severity of preoperative motor impairment, but no correlation with postoperative motor scores. Additionally, there was no significant lateralization effect observed between the left and right GPi. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the exaggerated narrowband theta activity (mainly the burst duration) in the GPi is predictive of dystonia symptom severity and may be used as a physiomarker for optimized DBS target during surgery and adaptive DBS for the treatment of Meige syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gafoor SA, Uppunda AK. Speech Perception in Noise and Medial Olivocochlear Reflex: Effects of Age, Speech Stimulus, and Response-Related Variables. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:619-631. [PMID: 38079021 PMCID: PMC10752852 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of the medial olivocochlear system in speech perception in noise has been debated over the years, with studies showing mixed results. One possible reason for this could be the dependence of this relationship on the parameters used in assessing the speech perception ability (age, stimulus, and response-related variables). METHODS The current study assessed the influence of the type of speech stimuli (monosyllables, words, and sentences), the signal-to-noise ratio (+5, 0, -5, and -10 dB), the metric used to quantify the speech perception ability (percent-correct, SNR-50, and slope of the psychometric function) and age (young vs old) on the relationship between medial olivocochlear reflex (quantified by contralateral inhibition of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions) and speech perception in noise. RESULTS A linear mixed-effects model revealed no significant contributions of the medial olivocochlear reflex to speech perception in noise. CONCLUSION The results suggest that there was no evidence of any modulatory influence of the indirectly measured medial olivocochlear reflex strength on speech perception in noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shezeen Abdul Gafoor
- Facility for Advanced Auditory Research, Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, India
| | - Ajith Kumar Uppunda
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, India, 570006.
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Warsito IF, Komosar M, Bernhard MA, Fiedler P, Haueisen J. Flower electrodes for comfortable dry electroencephalography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16589. [PMID: 37789022 PMCID: PMC10547758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes provide rapid, gel-free, and easy EEG preparation, but with limited wearing comfort. We propose a novel dry electrode comprising multiple tilted pins in a flower-like arrangement. The novel Flower electrode increases wearing comfort and contact area while maintaining ease of use. In a study with 20 volunteers, we compare the performance of a novel 64-channel dry Flower electrode cap to a commercial dry Multipin electrode cap in sitting and supine positions. The wearing comfort of the Flower cap was rated as significantly improved both in sitting and supine positions. The channel reliability and average impedances of both electrode systems were comparable. Averaged VEP components showed no considerable differences in global field power amplitude and latency, as well as in signal-to-noise ratio and topography. No considerable differences were found in the power spectral density of the resting state EEGs between 1 and 40 Hz. Overall, our findings provide evidence for equivalent channel reliability and signal characteristics of the compared cap systems in the sitting and supine positions. The reliability, signal quality, and significantly improved wearing comfort of the Flower electrode allow new fields of applications for dry EEG in long-term monitoring, sensitive populations, and recording in supine position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indhika Fauzhan Warsito
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics at the Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Milana Komosar
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics at the Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Maria Anne Bernhard
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics at the Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Patrique Fiedler
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics at the Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics at the Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Zhang H, Ma W, Ding H, Zhang Y. Sustainable Benefits of High Variability Phonetic Training in Mandarin-speaking Kindergarteners With Cochlear Implants: Evidence From Categorical Perception of Lexical Tones. Ear Hear 2023; 44:990-1006. [PMID: 36806578 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although pitch reception poses a great challenge for individuals with cochlear implants (CIs), formal auditory training (e.g., high variability phonetic training [HVPT]) has been shown to provide direct benefits in pitch-related perceptual performances such as lexical tone recognition for CI users. As lexical tones in spoken language are expressed with a multitude of distinct spectral, temporal, and intensity cues, it is important to determine the sources of training benefits for CI users. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a rigorous fine-scale evaluation with the categorical perception (CP) paradigm to control the acoustic parameters and test the efficacy and sustainability of HVPT for Mandarin-speaking pediatric CI recipients. The main hypothesis was that HVPT-induced perceptual learning would greatly enhance CI users' ability to extract the primary pitch contours from spoken words for lexical tone identification and discrimination. Furthermore, individual differences in immediate and long-term gains from training would likely be attributable to baseline performance and duration of CI use. DESIGN Twenty-eight prelingually deaf Mandarin-speaking kindergarteners with CIs were tested. Half of them received five sessions of HVPT within a period of 3 weeks. The other half served as control who did not receive the formal training. Two classical CP tasks on a tonal continuum from Mandarin tone 1 (high-flat in pitch) to tone 2 (mid-rising in pitch) with fixed acoustic features of duration and intensity were administered before (pretest), immediately after (posttest), and 10 weeks posttraining termination (follow-up test). Participants were instructed to either label a speech stimulus along the continuum (i.e., identification task) or determine whether a pair of stimuli separated by zero or two steps from the continuum was the same or different (i.e., discrimination task). Identification function measures (i.e., boundary position and boundary width) and discrimination function scores (i.e., between-category score, within-category score, and peakedness score) were assessed for each child participant across the three test sessions. RESULTS Linear mixed-effects (LME) models showed significant training-induced enhancement in lexical tone categorization with significantly narrower boundary width and better between-category discrimination in the immediate posttest over pretest for the trainees. Furthermore, training-induced gains were reliably retained in the follow-up test 10 weeks after training. By contrast, no significant changes were found in the control group across sessions. Regression analysis confirmed that baseline performance (i.e., boundary width in the pretest session) and duration of CI use were significant predictors for the magnitude of training-induced benefits. CONCLUSIONS The stringent CP tests with synthesized stimuli that excluded acoustic cues other than the pitch contour and were never used in training showed strong evidence for the efficacy of HVPT in yielding immediate and sustained improvement in lexical tone categorization for Mandarin-speaking children with CIs. The training results and individual differences have remarkable implications for developing personalized computer-based short-term HVPT protocols that may have sustainable long-term benefits for aural rehabilitation in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Center for Clinical Neurolinguistics, School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Center for Clinical Neurolinguistics, School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences and Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Hamel R, Pearson J, Sifi L, Patel D, Hinder MR, Jenkinson N, Galea JM. The intracortical excitability changes underlying the enhancing effects of rewards and punishments on motor performance. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1462-1475. [PMID: 37777109 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Monetary rewards and punishments enhance motor performance and are associated with corticospinal excitability (CSE) increases within the motor cortex (M1) during movement preparation. However, such CSE changes have unclear origins. Based on converging evidence, one possibility is that they stem from increased glutamatergic (GLUTergic) facilitation and/or decreased type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)-mediated inhibition within M1. To investigate this, paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used over the left M1 to evaluate intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short intracortical inhibition (SICI), indirect assays of GLUTergic activity and GABAA-mediated inhibition, in an index finger muscle during the preparation of sequences initiated by either the right index or little finger. Behaviourally, rewards and punishments enhanced both reaction and movement time. During movement preparation, regardless of rewards or punishments, ICF increased when the index finger initiated sequences, whereas SICI decreased when both the index and little fingers initiated sequences. This finding suggests that GLUTergic activity increases in a finger-specific manner whilst GABAA-mediated inhibition decreases in a finger-unspecific manner during preparation. In parallel, both rewards and punishments non-specifically increased ICF, but only rewards non-specifically decreased SICI as compared to neutral. This suggests that to enhance performance rewards both increase GLUTergic activity and decrease GABAA-mediated inhibition, whereas punishments selectively increase GLUTergic activity. A control experiment revealed that such changes were not observed post-movement as participants processed reward and punishment feedback, indicating they were selective to movement preparation. Collectively, these results map the intracortical excitability changes in M1 by which incentives enhance motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hamel
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - J Pearson
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - L Sifi
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Patel
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M R Hinder
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - N Jenkinson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J M Galea
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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12
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Walla P, Külzer D, Leeb A, Moidl L, Kalt S. Brain Activities Show There Is Nothing Like a Real Friend in Contrast to Influencers and Other Celebrities. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050831. [PMID: 37239305 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Especially for young people, influencers and other celebrities followed on social media evoke affective closeness that in their young minds seems real even though it is fake. Such fake friendships are potentially problematic because of their felt reality on the consumer side while lacking any inversely felt true closeness. The question arises if the unilateral friendship of a social media user is equal or at least similar to real reciprocal friendship. Instead of asking social media users for explicit responses (conscious deliberation), the present exploratory study aimed to answer this question with the help of brain imaging technology. Thirty young participants were first invited to provide individual lists including (i) twenty names of their most followed and loved influencers or other celebrities (fake friend names), (ii) twenty names of loved real friends and relatives (real friend names) as well as (iii) twenty names they do not feel any closeness to (no friend names). They then came to the Freud CanBeLab (Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience and Behavior Lab) where they were shown their selected names in a random sequence (two rounds), while their brain activities were recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) and later calculated into event-related potentials (ERPs). We found short (ca. 100 ms) left frontal brain activity starting at around 250 ms post-stimulus to process real friend and no friend names similarly, while both ERPs differed from those elicited by fake friend names. This is followed by a longer effect (ca. 400 ms), where left and right frontal and temporoparietal ERPs also differed between fake and real friend names, but at this later processing stage, no friend names elicited similar brain activities to fake friend names in those regions. In general, real friend names elicited the most negative going brain potentials (interpreted as highest brain activation levels). These exploratory findings represent objective empirical evidence that the human brain clearly distinguishes between influencers or other celebrities and close people out of real life even though subjective feelings of closeness and trust can be similar. In summary, brain imaging shows there is nothing like a real friend. The findings of this study might be seen as a starting point for future studies using ERPs to investigate social media impact and topics such as fake friendship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walla
- Freud CanBeLab, Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud Platz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud Platz 3, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Külzer
- Freud CanBeLab, Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud Platz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Leeb
- Freud CanBeLab, Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud Platz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Moidl
- Freud CanBeLab, Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud Platz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kalt
- Freud CanBeLab, Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud Platz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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13
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König SD, Safo S, Miller K, Herman AB, Darrow DP. Flexible Multi-Step Hypothesis Testing of Human ECoG Data using Cluster-based Permutation Tests with GLMEs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.31.535153. [PMID: 37034791 PMCID: PMC10081325 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.31.535153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Time series analysis is critical for understanding brain signals and their relationship to behavior and cognition. Cluster-based permutation tests (CBPT) are commonly used to analyze a variety of electrophysiological signals including EEG, MEG, ECoG, and sEEG data without a priori assumptions about specific temporal effects. However, two major limitations of CBPT include the inability to directly analyze experiments with multiple fixed effects and the inability to account for random effects (e.g. variability across subjects). Here, we propose a flexible multi-step hypothesis testing strategy using CBPT with Linear Mixed Effects Models (LMEs) and Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models (GLMEs) that can be applied to a wide range of experimental designs and data types. Methods We first evaluate the statistical robustness of LMEs and GLMEs using simulated data distributions. Second, we apply a multi-step hypothesis testing strategy to analyze ERPs and broadband power signals extracted from human ECoG recordings collected during a simple image viewing experiment with image category and novelty as fixed effects. Third, we assess the statistical power differences between analyzing signals with CBPT using LMEs compared to CBPT using separate t-tests run on each fixed effect through simulations that emulate broadband power signals. Finally, we apply CBPT using GLMEs to high-gamma burst data to demonstrate the extension of the proposed method to the analysis of nonlinear data. Results First, we found that LMEs and GLMEs are robust statistical models. In simple simulations LMEs produced highly congruent results with other appropriately applied linear statistical models, but LMEs outperformed many linear statistical models in the analysis of "suboptimal" data and maintained power better than analyzing individual fixed effects with separate t-tests. GLMEs also performed similarly to other nonlinear statistical models. Second, in real world human ECoG data, LMEs performed at least as well as separate t-tests when applied to predefined time windows or when used in conjunction with CBPT. Additionally, fixed effects time courses extracted with CBPT using LMEs from group-level models of pseudo-populations replicated latency effects found in individual category-selective channels. Third, analysis of simulated broadband power signals demonstrated that CBPT using LMEs was superior to CBPT using separate t-tests in identifying time windows with significant fixed effects especially for small effect sizes. Lastly, the analysis of high-gamma burst data using CBPT with GLMEs produced results consistent with CBPT using LMEs applied to broadband power data. Conclusions We propose a general approach for statistical analysis of electrophysiological data using CBPT in conjunction with LMEs and GLMEs. We demonstrate that this method is robust for experiments with multiple fixed effects and applicable to the analysis of linear and nonlinear data. Our methodology maximizes the statistical power available in a dataset across multiple experimental variables while accounting for hierarchical random effects and controlling FWER across fixed effects. This approach substantially improves power and accuracy leading to better reproducibility. Additionally, CBPT using LMEs and GLMEs can be used to analyze individual channels or pseudo-population data for the comparison of functional or anatomical groups of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D König
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Kai Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota
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14
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Miller SE, Anderson C, Montou O, Lam BPW, Schafer E. Neural Mechanisms of the Acceptable Noise Level. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:765-774. [PMID: 36724767 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present brain-behavior study examined whether sensory registration or neural inhibition processes explained variability in the behavioral most comfortable level (MCL) and background noise level (BNL) components of the acceptable noise level (ANL) measure. METHOD A traditional auditory gating paradigm was used to evoke neural responses to pairs of pure-tone stimuli in 32 adult listeners with normal hearing. Relationships between behavioral ANL, MCL, and BNL components and cortical responses to each of the paired stimuli were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression analyses. RESULTS Neural responses elicited by Stimulus 2 in the gating paradigm significantly predicted the computed ANL response. The MCL component was significantly associated with responses elicited by Stimulus 1 of the pair. The BNL component of the ANL was significantly associated with neural responses to both Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest neural processes related to neural inhibition support the ANL and BNL component while neural stimulus registration properties are associated with the MCL a listener chooses. These findings suggest that differential neural mechanisms underlie the separate MCL and BNL components of the ANL response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Miller
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, Denton
| | | | - Olivia Montou
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, Denton
| | - Boji P W Lam
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, Denton
| | - Erin Schafer
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, Denton
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15
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D'Ambrosia C, Aronoff-Spencer E, Huang EY, Goldhaber NH, Christensen HI, Broderick RC, Appelbaum LG. The neurophysiology of intraoperative error: An EEG study of trainee surgeons during robotic-assisted surgery simulations. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2023; 3:1052411. [PMID: 38235463 PMCID: PMC10790934 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.1052411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Surgeons operate in mentally and physically demanding workspaces where the impact of error is highly consequential. Accurately characterizing the neurophysiology of surgeons during intraoperative error will help guide more accurate performance assessment and precision training for surgeons and other teleoperators. To better understand the neurophysiology of intraoperative error, we build and deploy a system for intraoperative error detection and electroencephalography (EEG) signal synchronization during robot-assisted surgery (RAS). We then examine the association between EEG data and detected errors. Our results suggest that there are significant EEG changes during intraoperative error that are detectable irrespective of surgical experience level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D'Ambrosia
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Cognitive Robotics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eliah Aronoff-Spencer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Estella Y. Huang
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicole H. Goldhaber
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Henrik I. Christensen
- Cognitive Robotics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ryan C. Broderick
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lawrence G. Appelbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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16
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Rodrigues R, Gonçalves V, Casagrande R, Cemin F, Nodari C, Borges I, Fitarelli L, Bianchesse J, Rocha ESD, Rabello R. Are proximal and distal neuromuscular parameters able to predict hip and knee frontal plane kinematics during single-leg landing? Phys Ther Sport 2023; 59:30-36. [PMID: 36481454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if proximal and distal neuromuscular parameters (EMG amplitude and median frequency - MDF) can predict frontal plane kinematics during single-leg landing. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen participants (7 female) performed six single-leg landings with measures of frontal plane kinematics and EMG obtained 230 ms after first foot contact, totalizing 90 landings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (i) 2D hip adduction [hip ADD] and knee frontal plane projection angle [knee FPPA]; (ii) EMG amplitude and MDF of gluteus medius [GMed], tensor fascia latae [TFL], peroneus longus [PL] and tibialis anterior [TA]. RESULTS We observed that MDF of TA was a significant predictor of hip ADD (p = 0.037; β = -0.049 Hz; R2c = 0.30). Also, MDF of PL was significant predictor of knee FPPA (p = 0.043; β = 0.042 Hz; R2c = 0.37). Hip muscles and EMG amplitude parameters were not considered predictors of frontal plane kinematics. CONCLUSION The firing frequency of ankle muscles predicted the variance of hip and knee frontal plane kinematics during single-leg landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rodrigues
- Institute of Education, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vagner Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaucha University Center, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Casagrande
- Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaucha University Center, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Cemin
- Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaucha University Center, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Nodari
- Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaucha University Center, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Iury Borges
- Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaucha University Center, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luan Fitarelli
- Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaucha University Center, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Bianchesse
- Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaucha University Center, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Souza da Rocha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Integrated Colleges of Taquara, Taquara, RS, Brazil; Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Physical Therapy, Sogipa Faculty, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rabello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, MI, Italy
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17
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Lin Y, Fan X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Chen F, Zhang H, Ding H, Zhang Y. Neurocognitive Dynamics of Prosodic Salience over Semantics during Explicit and Implicit Processing of Basic Emotions in Spoken Words. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121706. [PMID: 36552167 PMCID: PMC9776349 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How language mediates emotional perception and experience is poorly understood. The present event-related potential (ERP) study examined the explicit and implicit processing of emotional speech to differentiate the relative influences of communication channel, emotion category and task type in the prosodic salience effect. Thirty participants (15 women) were presented with spoken words denoting happiness, sadness and neutrality in either the prosodic or semantic channel. They were asked to judge the emotional content (explicit task) and speakers' gender (implicit task) of the stimuli. Results indicated that emotional prosody (relative to semantics) triggered larger N100, P200 and N400 amplitudes with greater delta, theta and alpha inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) values in the corresponding early time windows, and continued to produce larger LPC amplitudes and faster responses during late stages of higher-order cognitive processing. The relative salience of prosodic and semantics was modulated by emotion and task, though such modulatory effects varied across different processing stages. The prosodic salience effect was reduced for sadness processing and in the implicit task during early auditory processing and decision-making but reduced for happiness processing in the explicit task during conscious emotion processing. Additionally, across-trial synchronization of delta, theta and alpha bands predicted the ERP components with higher ITPC and ERSP values significantly associated with stronger N100, P200, N400 and LPC enhancement. These findings reveal the neurocognitive dynamics of emotional speech processing with prosodic salience tied to stage-dependent emotion- and task-specific effects, which can reveal insights into understanding language and emotion processing from cross-linguistic/cultural and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinran Fan
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Foreign Languages, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of International Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-213-420-5664 (H.D.); +1-612-624-7818 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Science & Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-213-420-5664 (H.D.); +1-612-624-7818 (Y.Z.)
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18
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Hamel R, Demers O, Boileau C, Roy ML, Théoret H, Bernier PM, Lepage JF. The neurobiological markers of acute alcohol's subjective effects in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2101-2110. [PMID: 35701548 PMCID: PMC9556716 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of alcohol yields acute biphasic subjective effects: stimulation before sedation. Despite their predictive relevance to the development of alcohol use disorders (AUD), the neurobiological markers accounting for the biphasic effects of alcohol remain poorly understood in humans. Informed by converging lines of evidence, this study tested the hypothesis that alcohol ingestion acutely increases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, which would positively and negatively predict the feeling of stimulation and sedation, respectively. To do so, healthy participants (n = 20) ingested a single dose of 94% ABV alcohol (males: 1.0 ml/kg; females: 0.85 ml/kg) in a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design. The alcohol's biphasic effects were assessed with the Brief-Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale, and non-invasive neurobiological markers were measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation, before and every 30 min (up to 120 min) after the complete ingestion of the beverage. Results showed that acute alcohol ingestion selectively increased the duration of the cortical silent period (CSP) as compared to placebo, suggesting that alcohol increases non-specific GABAergic inhibition. Importantly, CSP duration positively and negatively predicted increases in the feeling of stimulation and sedation, respectively, suggesting that stimulation emerges as GABAergic inhibition increases and that sedation emerges as GABAergic inhibition returns to baseline values. Overall, these results suggest that modulations of GABAergic inhibition are central to the acute biphasic subjective effects of alcohol, providing a potential preventive target to curb the progression of at-risk individuals to AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hamel
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Demers
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Boileau
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Laurence Roy
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Théoret
- Département de psychologie, Faculté des arts et sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Michel Bernier
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Lepage
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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19
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Differences in implicit motor learning between adults who do and do not stutter. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108342. [PMID: 35931135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Implicit learning allows us to acquire complex motor skills through repeated exposure to sensory cues and repetition of motor behaviours, without awareness or effort. Implicit learning is also critical to the incremental fine-tuning of the perceptual-motor system. To understand how implicit learning and associated domain-general learning processes may contribute to motor learning differences in people who stutter, we investigated implicit finger-sequencing skills in adults who do (AWS) and do not stutter (ANS) on an Alternating Serial Reaction Time task. Our results demonstrated that, while all participants showed evidence of significant sequence-specific learning in their speed of performance, male AWS were slower and made fewer sequence-specific learning gains than their ANS counterparts. Although there were no learning gains evident in accuracy of performance, AWS performed the implicit learning task more accurately than ANS, overall. These findings may have implications for sex-based differences in the experience of developmental stuttering, for the successful acquisition of complex motor skills during development by individuals who stutter, and for the updating and automatization of speech motor plans during the therapeutic process.
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20
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Fang F, Godlewska B, Cho RY, Savitz SI, Selvaraj S, Zhang Y. Effects of escitalopram therapy on functional brain controllability in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:68-74. [PMID: 35500684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are the mainstay of treatment for patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). Given the critical role of the underlying neural control mechanism in the physiopathology of depression, this study aims to investigate the effects of escitalopram, a type of antidepressant drug, on the changes of functional brain controllability throughout the escitalopram treatment for MDD. We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 20 unmedicated major depressive patients at baseline (visit 1, pre-treatment), one week (visit 2, 1-week after the onset of the treatment) and six weeks (visit 3, after the 6-week escitalopram treatment). Our results revealed that the global average and modal controllability of MDD patients were significantly larger and smaller, respectively, compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the modal controllability rank of the frontoparietal network in depression patients was also significantly smaller than the healthy subjects (P < 0.01). However, throughout the escitalopram treatment, the global average and modal controllability, and the controllability of the default mode network and frontoparietal network of MDD patients were consistently changed to the healthy subjects' level. Our results also showed that the changes of global average and modal controllability measures can predict the improvements of clinical scores of the MDD patients as the escitalopram treatment advanced (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study reveals promising brain controllability-based biomarkers to mechanistically understand and predict the effects of the escitalopram treatment for depression and maybe extended to predict and understand the effects of other interventions for other neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beata Godlewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Y Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Department of Neurology, The McGovern Medical School of UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sudhakar Selvaraj
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The McGovern Medical School of UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Hamel R, Demers O, Lepage JF, Bernier PM. The Effects of Post-Learning Alcohol Ingestion on Human Motor Memory Consolidation. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4600-4618. [PMID: 35841189 PMCID: PMC9544401 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurochemical mechanisms underlying motor memory consolidation remain largely unknown. Based on converging work showing that ethyl alcohol retrogradely enhances declarative memory consolidation, this work tested the hypothesis that post‐learning alcohol ingestion would enhance motor memory consolidation. In a within‐subject and fully counterbalanced design, participants (n = 24; 12M; 12F) adapted to a gradually introduced visual deviation and ingested, immediately after adaptation, a placebo (PBO), a medium (MED) or high (HIGH) dose of alcohol. The alcohol doses were bodyweight‐ and gender‐controlled to yield peak breath alcohol concentrations of 0.00% in the PBO, ~0.05% in the MED and ~0.095% in the HIGH condition. Retention was evaluated 24 h later through reach aftereffects when participants were sober. The results revealed that retention levels were neither significantly nor meaningfully different in both the MED and HIGH conditions as compared to PBO (all absolute Cohen's dz values < ~0.2; small to negligible effects), indicating that post‐learning alcohol ingestion did not alter motor memory consolidation. Given alcohol's known pharmacological GABAergic agonist and NMDA antagonist properties, one possibility is that these neurochemical mechanisms do not decisively contribute to motor memory consolidation. As converging work demonstrated alcohol's retrograde enhancement of declarative memory, the present results suggest that distinct neurochemical mechanisms underlie declarative and motor memory consolidation. Elucidating the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the consolidation of different memory systems may yield insights into the effects of over‐the‐counter drugs on everyday learning and memory but also inform the development of pharmacological interventions seeking to alter human memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hamel
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - O Demers
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - J F Lepage
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - P M Bernier
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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22
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Paulo DL, Wills KE, Johnson GW, Gonzalez HFJ, Rolston JD, Naftel RP, Reddy SB, Morgan VL, Kang H, Williams Roberson S, Narasimhan S, Englot DJ. SEEG Functional Connectivity Measures to Identify Epileptogenic Zones: Stability, Medication Influence, and Recording Condition. Neurology 2022; 98:e2060-e2072. [PMID: 35338075 PMCID: PMC9162047 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Functional connectivity (FC) measures can be used to differentiate epileptogenic zones (EZs) from non-EZs in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Little work has been done to evaluate the stability of stereo-EEG (SEEG) FC measures over time and their relationship with antiseizure medication (ASM) use, a critical confounder in epilepsy FC studies. We aimed to answer the following questions: Are SEEG FC measures stable over time? Are they influenced by ASMs? Are they affected by patient data collection state? METHODS In 32 patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy, we collected a single 2-minute prospective SEEG resting-state (awake, eyes closed) data set and consecutive 2-minute retrospective pseudo-rest (awake, eyes open) data sets for days 1-7 postimplantation. ASM dosages were recorded for days 1-7 postimplantation and drug load score (DLS) per day was calculated to standardize and compare across patients. FC was evaluated using directed and nondirected measures. Standard clinical interpretation of ictal SEEG was used to classify brain regions as EZs and non-EZs. RESULTS Over 7 days, presumed EZs consistently had higher FC than non-EZs when using between imaginary coherence (ImCoh) and partial directed coherence (PDC) inward strength, without accounting for DLS. These measures were demonstrated to be stable over a short-term period of 3 consecutive days with the same DLS. Between ImCoh FC differences between EZs and non-EZs were reduced with DLS decreases, whereas other measures were not affected by DLS. FC differences between EZs and non-EZs were seen during both resting-state and pseudo-rest conditions; ImCoh values were strongly correlated between the 2 conditions, whereas PDC values were not. DISCUSSION Inward and nondirected SEEG FC is higher in presumed EZs vs non-EZs and measures are stable over time. However, certain measures may be affected by ASM dose, as between ImCoh differences between EZs and non-EZs are less pronounced with lower doses, and other measures such as PDC are poorly correlated across recording conditions. These findings allow novel insight into how SEEG FC measures may aid surgical localization and how they are influenced by ASMs and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika L Paulo
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Kristin E Wills
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Graham W Johnson
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Hernan F J Gonzalez
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - John D Rolston
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert P Naftel
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Shilpa B Reddy
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Hakmook Kang
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Shawniqua Williams Roberson
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Saramati Narasimhan
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Dario J Englot
- From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (D.L.P., K.E.W., R.P.N., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.), Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., D.J.E.), Biostatistics (V.L.M., S.W.R., D.J.E.), and Neurology (H.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (K.E.W., G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.N., D.J.E.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (G.W.J., H.F.J.G., V.L.M., S.W.R., S.N., D.J.E.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering (J.D.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Pediatrics (S.B.R.), Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
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Isayeva U, Manchia M, Collu R, Primavera D, Deriu L, Caboni E, Iaselli N, Sundas D, Tusconi M, Pinna F, Paribello P, Scherma M, Pisanu C, Meloni A, Zai CC, Congiu D, Squassina A, Fratta W, Fadda P, Carpiniello B. Exploring the association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and longitudinal psychopathological and cognitive changes in Sardinian psychotic patients. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e71. [DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and hypothesis
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are among the most debilitating mental disorders and has complex pathophysiological underpinnings. There is growing evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can play a role in its pathogenesis. The present study investigated the longitudinal variation of serum BDNF levels in a 24-month observational prospective cohort study of Sardinian psychotic patients and its relationship with psychopathological and cognitive changes. Furthermore, we examined whether genetic variation within the BDNF gene could moderate these relationships.
Study design
Every 6 months, 105 patients were assessed for their BDNF serum levels, as well as for a series of psychopathological, cognitive, and social measures. We performed a targeted analysis of four tag single nucleotide polymorphisms within the BDNF gene that were selected and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. Longitudinal data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression models.
Study results
We observed a declining longitudinal trajectory of BDNF levels in psychotic patients in general, and in relation to the severity of depressive and negative symptoms. BDNF serum levels also declined in patients scoring lower in cognitive measures such as attention and speed of information processing and verbal fluency. The rs7934165 polymorphism moderated the significant association between verbal fluency and BDNF levels.
Conclusions
These findings in patients from real-world settings suggest a plausible role of peripheral BDNF levels as a marker of illness burden in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Franco LM, Yaksi E. Experience-dependent plasticity modulates ongoing activity in the antennal lobe and enhances odor representations. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110165. [PMID: 34965425 PMCID: PMC8739562 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing neural activity has been observed across several brain regions and is thought to reflect the internal state of the brain. Yet, it is important to understand how ongoing neural activity interacts with sensory experience and shapes sensory representations. Here, we show that the projection neurons of the fruit fly antennal lobe exhibit spatiotemporally organized ongoing activity. After repeated exposure to odors, we observe a gradual and cumulative decrease in the amplitude and number of calcium events occurring in the absence of odor stimulation, as well as a reorganization of correlations between olfactory glomeruli. Accompanying these plastic changes, we find that repeated odor experience decreases trial-to-trial variability and enhances the specificity of odor representations. Our results reveal an odor-experience-dependent modulation of ongoing and sensory-evoked activity at peripheral levels of the fruit fly olfactory system. The fruit fly antennal lobe exhibits spatiotemporally organized ongoing activity Repeated odor experience decreases the amplitude and number of ongoing calcium events Odor experience enhances the robustness and the specificity of odor representations Representations of different odors become more dissimilar upon repeated exposure
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Franco
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim 7030, Norway.
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25
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Gao Z, Wang H, Lu C, Lu T, Froudist-Walsh S, Chen M, Wang XJ, Hu J, Sun W. The neural basis of delayed gratification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6611. [PMID: 34851665 PMCID: PMC8635439 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Balancing instant gratification versus delayed but better gratification is important for optimizing survival and reproductive success. Although delayed gratification has been studied through human psychological and brain activity monitoring and animal research, little is known about its neural basis. We successfully trained mice to perform a waiting-for-water-reward delayed gratification task and used these animals in physiological recording and optical manipulation of neuronal activity during the task to explore its neural basis. Our results showed that the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the ventral tegmental area increases steadily during the waiting period. Optical activation or silencing of these neurons, respectively, extends or reduces the duration of waiting. To interpret these data, we developed a reinforcement learning model that reproduces our experimental observations. Steady increases in DAergic activity signal the value of waiting and support the hypothesis that delayed gratification involves real-time deliberation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Chen Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tiezhan Lu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Ming Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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26
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Chen F, Peng G. Categorical Perception of Pitch Contours and Voice Onset Time in Mandarin-Speaking Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:4468-4484. [PMID: 34570628 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have shown enhanced pitch and impaired time perception in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it remains unclear whether such deviated patterns of auditory processing depending on acoustic dimensions would transfer to the higher level linguistic pitch and time processing. In this study, we compared the categorical perception (CP) of lexical tones and voice onset time (VOT) in Mandarin Chinese, which utilize pitch and time changes, respectively, to convey phonemic contrasts. Method The data were collected from 22 Mandarin-speaking adolescents with ASD and 20 age-matched neurotypical controls. In addition to the identification and discrimination tasks to test CP performance, all the participants were evaluated with their language ability and phonological working memory. Linear mixed-effects models were constructed to evaluate the identification and discrimination scores across different groups and conditions. Results The basic CP pattern of cross-boundary benefit when perceiving both native lexical tones and VOT was largely preserved in high-functioning adolescents with ASD. The degree of CP of lexical tones in ASD was similar to that in typical controls, whereas the degree of CP of VOT in ASD was greatly reduced. Furthermore, the degree of CP of lexical tones correlated with language ability and digit span in ASD participants. Conclusions These findings suggest that the unbalanced acoustic processing capacities for pitch and time can be generalized to the higher level linguistic processing in ASD. Furthermore, the higher degree of CP of lexical tones correlated with better language ability in Mandarin-speaking individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- School of Foreign Languages, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
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Zhang X, Gong Q. Context-dependent Plasticity and Strength of Subcortical Encoding of Musical Sounds Independently Underlie Pitch Discrimination for Music Melodies. Neuroscience 2021; 472:68-89. [PMID: 34358631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical auditory nuclei contribute to pitch perception, but how subcortical sound encoding is related to pitch processing for music perception remains unclear. Conventionally, enhanced subcortical sound encoding is considered underlying superior pitch discrimination. However, associations between superior auditory perception and the context-dependent plasticity of subcortical sound encoding are also documented. Here, we explored the subcortical neural correlates to music pitch perception by analyzing frequency-following responses (FFRs) to musical sounds presented in a predictable context and a random context. We found that the FFR inter-trial phase-locking (ITPL) was negatively correlated with behavioral performances of discrimination of pitches in music melodies. It was also negatively correlated with the plasticity indices measuring the variability of FFRs to physically identical sounds between the two contexts. The plasticity indices were consistently positively correlated with pitch discrimination performances, suggesting the subcortical context-dependent plasticity underlying music pitch perception. Moreover, the raw FFR spectral strength was not significantly correlated with pitch discrimination performances. However, it was positively correlated with behavioral performances when the FFR ITPL was controlled by partial correlations, suggesting that the strength of subcortical sound encoding underlies music pitch perception. When the spectral strength was controlled by partial correlations, the negative ITPL-behavioral correlations were maintained. Furthermore, the FFR ITPL, the plasticity indices, and the FFR spectral strength were more correlated with pitch than with rhythm discrimination performances. These findings suggest that the context-dependent plasticity and the strength of subcortical encoding of musical sounds are independently and perhaps specifically associated with pitch perception for music melodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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Fakhraei L, Francoeur M, Balasubramani PP, Tang T, Hulyalkar S, Buscher N, Mishra J, Ramanathan DS. Electrophysiological Correlates of Rodent Default-Mode Network Suppression Revealed by Large-Scale Local Field Potential Recordings. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab034. [PMID: 34296178 PMCID: PMC8166125 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The default-mode network (DMN) in humans consists of a set of brain regions that, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), show both intrinsic correlations with each other and suppression during externally oriented tasks. Resting-state fMRI studies have previously identified similar patterns of intrinsic correlations in overlapping brain regions in rodents (A29C/posterior cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, and medial temporal lobe structures). However, due to challenges with performing rodent behavior in an MRI machine, it is still unclear whether activity in rodent DMN regions are suppressed during externally oriented visual tasks. Using distributed local field potential measurements in rats, we have discovered that activity in DMN brain regions noted above show task-related suppression during an externally oriented visual task at alpha and low beta-frequencies. Interestingly, this suppression (particularly in posterior cingulate cortex) was linked with improved performance on the task. Using electroencephalography recordings from a similar task in humans, we identified a similar suppression of activity in posterior cingulate cortex at alpha/low beta-frequencies. Thus, we have identified a common electrophysiological marker of DMN suppression in both rodents and humans. This observation paves the way for future studies using rodents to probe circuit-level functioning of DMN function. SIGNIFICANCE Here we show that alpha/beta frequency oscillations in rats show key features of DMN activity, including intrinsic correlations between DMN brain regions, task-related suppression, and interference with attention/decision-making. We found similar task-related suppression at alpha/low beta-frequencies of DMN activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Fakhraei
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System., La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Miranda Francoeur
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System., La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Tianzhi Tang
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System., La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sidharth Hulyalkar
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System., La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathalie Buscher
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System., La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dhakshin S Ramanathan
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System., La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Chen F, Zhang H, Ding H, Wang S, Peng G, Zhang Y. Neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in children with and without autism spectrum disorders. Autism Res 2021; 14:1357-1374. [PMID: 33792205 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of vowel exaggeration in infant-directed speech (IDS) may adapt to the age-appropriate demands in speech and language acquisition. Previous studies have provided behavioral evidence of atypical auditory processing towards IDS in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), while the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. This event-related potential (ERP) study investigated the neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in 24 4- to 11-year-old children with ASD and 24 typically-developing (TD) peers. The EEG data were recorded using an alternating block design, in which each stimulus type (exaggerated/non-exaggerated sound) was presented with equal probability. ERP waveform analysis revealed an enhanced P1 for vowel formant exaggeration in the TD group but not in the ASD group. This speech-specific atypical processing in ASD was not found for the nonspeech stimuli which showed similar P1 enhancement in both ASD and TD groups. Moreover, the time-frequency analysis indicated that children with ASD showed differences in neural synchronization in the delta-theta bands for processing acoustic formant changes embedded in nonspeech. Collectively, the results add substantiating neurophysiological evidence (i.e., a lack of neural enhancement effect of vowel exaggeration) for atypical auditory processing of IDS in children with ASD, which may exert a negative effect on phonetic encoding and language learning. LAY SUMMARY: Atypical responses to motherese might act as a potential early marker of risk for children with ASD. This study investigated the neural responses to such socially relevant stimuli in the ASD brain, and the results suggested a lack of neural enhancement responding to the motherese even in individuals without intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- School of Foreign Languages, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience & Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suiping Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience & Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
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Botta F, Lupiáñez J, Santangelo V, Martín-Arévalo E. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Superior Parietal Lobule Modulates the Retro-Cue Benefit in Visual Short-Term Memory. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020252. [PMID: 33670446 PMCID: PMC7922694 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown enhanced performance in change detection tasks when spatial cues indicating the probe's location are presented after the memory array has disappeared (i.e., retro-cues) compared with spatial cues that are presented simultaneously with the test array (i.e., post-cues). This retro-cue benefit led some authors to propose the existence of two different stores of visual short-term memory: a weak but high-capacity store (fragile memory (FM)) linked to the effect of retro-cues and a robust but low-capacity store (working memory (WM)) linked to the effect of post-cues. The former is thought to be an attention-free system, whereas the latter would strictly depend on selective attention. Nonetheless, this dissociation is under debate, and several authors do not consider retro-cues as a proxy to measure the existence of an independent memory system (e.g., FM). We approached this controversial issue by altering the attention-related functions in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), whose effects were mediated by the integrity of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Specifically, we asked whether TMS on the SPL affected the performance of retro cues vs. post-cues to a similar extent. The results showed that TMS on the SPL, mediated by right SLF-III integrity, produced a modulation of the retro-cue benefit, namely a memory capacity decrease in the post-cues but not in the retro-cues. These findings have strong implications for the debate on the existence of independent stages of visual short-term memory and for the growing literature showing a key role of the SLF for explaining the variability of TMS effects across participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Botta
- Department of Experimental Psychology and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (J.L.); (E.M.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Lupiáñez
- Department of Experimental Psychology and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (J.L.); (E.M.-A.)
| | - Valerio Santangelo
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Martín-Arévalo
- Department of Experimental Psychology and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (J.L.); (E.M.-A.)
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31
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Khachatoorian N, Loveday C, Dima D, Mair A, Illingworth S, Conway MA, Haenschel C. A behavioural and ERP investigation of the wearable camera photo review in autobiographical memory. Memory 2021; 29:224-233. [PMID: 33533696 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1880601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Wearable camera photo review has successfully been used to enhance memory, yet very little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, the sequential presentation of wearable camera photos - a key feature of wearable camera photo review - is examined using behavioural and EEG measures. Twelve female participants were taken on a walking tour, stopping at a series of predefined targets, while wearing a camera that captured photographs automatically. A sequence of four photos leading to these targets was selected (∼ 200 trials) and together with control photos, these were used in a recognition task one week later. Participants' recognition performance improved with the sequence of photos (measured in hit rates, correct rejections, & sensitivity), revealing for the first time, a positive effect of sequence of photos in wearable camera photo review. This has important implications for understanding the sequential and cumulative effects of cues on episodic remembering. An old-new ERP effect was also observed over visual regions for hits vs. correct rejections, highlighting the importance of visual processing not only for perception but also for the location of activated memory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khachatoorian
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - C Loveday
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - D Dima
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - A Mair
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | | | - M A Conway
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - C Haenschel
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
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Iannaccone A, Conte D, Cortis C, Fusco A. Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E392. [PMID: 33419133 PMCID: PMC7825485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Internal load can be objectively measured by heart rate-based models, such as Edwards' summated heart rate zones, or subjectively by session rating of perceived exertion. The relationship between internal loads assessed via heart rate-based models and session rating of perceived exertion is usually studied through simple correlations, although the Linear Mixed Model could represent a more appropriate statistical procedure to deal with intrasubject variability. This study aimed to compare conventional correlations and the Linear Mixed Model to assess the relationships between objective and subjective measures of internal load in team sports. Thirteen male youth beach handball players (15.9 ± 0.3 years) were monitored (14 training sessions; 7 official matches). Correlation coefficients were used to correlate the objective and subjective internal load. The Linear Mixed Model was used to model the relationship between objective and subjective measures of internal load data by considering each player individual response as random effect. Random intercepts were used and then random slopes were added. The likelihood-ratio test was used to compare statistical models. The correlation coefficient for the overall relationship between the objective and subjective internal data was very large (r = 0.74; ρ = 0.78). The Linear Mixed Model using both random slopes and random intercepts better explained (p < 0.001) the relationship between internal load measures. Researchers are encouraged to apply the Linear Mixed Models rather than correlation to analyze internal load relationships in team sports since it allows for the consideration of the individuality of players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Iannaccone
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino e Lazio Meridionale, Viale dell’Università, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (A.I.); (C.C.)
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto g. 6, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Daniele Conte
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto g. 6, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Cristina Cortis
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino e Lazio Meridionale, Viale dell’Università, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (A.I.); (C.C.)
| | - Andrea Fusco
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino e Lazio Meridionale, Viale dell’Università, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (A.I.); (C.C.)
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Perrier J, Viard A, Levy C, Morel N, Allouache D, Noal S, Joly F, Eustache F, Giffard B. Longitudinal investigation of cognitive deficits in breast cancer patients and their gray matter correlates: impact of education level. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:226-241. [PMID: 30406352 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a major complaint in breast cancer patients, even before chemotherapy. Comprehension of the cerebral mechanisms related to cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients remains difficult due to the scarcity of studies investigating both cognitive and anatomical imaging changes. Furthermore, only some of the patients experienced cognitive decline following chemotherapy, yet few studies have identified risk factors for cognitive deficits in these patients. It has been shown that education level could impact cognitive abilities during the recovery phase following chemotherapy. Our main aim was to longitudinally evaluate cognitive and anatomical changes associated with cancer and chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Our secondary aim was to assess the impact of education level on cognitive performances and gray matter (GM) atrophy in these patients. Twenty patients were included before chemotherapy (T1), 1 month (T2) and 1 year (T3) after chemotherapy. Twenty-seven controls without a history of cancer were assessed at T1 and T3 only. Cluster groups based on education level were defined for both groups and were further compared. Comparison between patients and controls revealed deficits in patients on verbal episodic memory retrieval at T1 and T3 and on executive functions at T3. After chemotherapy, breast cancer patients had GM atrophy that persisted or recovered 1 year after chemotherapy depending on the cortical areas. Increase in GM volumes from T1 to T3 were also found in both groups. At T2, patients with a higher level of education compared to lower level exhibited higher episodic memory retrieval and state anxiety scores, both correlating with cerebellar volume. This higher level of education group exhibited hippocampal atrophy. Our results suggest that, before chemotherapy, cancer-related processes impact cognitive functioning and that this impact seems exacerbated by the effect of chemotherapy on certain brain regions. Increase in GM volumes after chemotherapy were unexpected and warrant further investigations. Higher education level was associated, 1 month after the end of chemotherapy, with greater anxiety and hippocampal atrophy despite a lack of cognitive deficits. These results suggest, for the first time, the occurrence of compensation mechanisms that may be linked to cognitive reserve in relationship to state anxiety. This identification of factors, which may compensate cognitive impairment following chemotherapy, is critical for patient care and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Perrier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Armelle Viard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Christelle Levy
- Breast Committee Department, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Nastassja Morel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | | | - Sabine Noal
- Breast Committee Department, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Florence Joly
- Clinical Research Department, Caen, France.,Medical Oncology Department, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.,INSERM, U1086, ANTICIPE, Caen, France.,Cancer & Cognition, Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Bénédicte Giffard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France.,Cancer & Cognition, Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
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34
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Working Memory in Children with Learning Disorders: An EEG Power Spectrum Analysis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110817. [PMID: 33158135 PMCID: PMC7694181 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning disorders (LDs) are diagnosed in children whose academic skills of reading, writing or mathematics are impaired and lagging according to their age, schooling and intelligence. Children with LDs experience substantial working memory (WM) deficits, even more pronounced if more than one of the academic skills is affected. We compared the task-related electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral density of children with LDs (n = 23) with a control group of children with good academic achievement (n = 22), during the performance of a WM task. sLoreta was used to estimate the current distribution at the sources, and 18 brain regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen with an extended version of the eigenvector centrality mapping technique. In this way, we lessened some drawbacks of the traditional EEG at the sensor space by an analysis at the brain-sources level over data-driven selected ROIs. Results: The LD group showed fewer correct responses in the WM task, an overall slower EEG with more delta and theta activity, and less high-frequency gamma activity in posterior areas. We explain these EEG patterns in LD children as indices of an inefficient neural resource management related with a delay in neural maturation.
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35
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36
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Saravanan V, Berman GJ, Sober SJ. Application of the hierarchical bootstrap to multi-level data in neuroscience. NEURONS, BEHAVIOR, DATA ANALYSIS AND THEORY 2020; 3:https://nbdt.scholasticahq.com/article/13927-application-of-the-hierarchical-bootstrap-to-multi-level-data-in-neuroscience. [PMID: 33644783 PMCID: PMC7906290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A common feature in many neuroscience datasets is the presence of hierarchical data structures, most commonly recording the activity of multiple neurons in multiple animals across multiple trials. Accordingly, the measurements constituting the dataset are not independent, even though the traditional statistical analyses often applied in such cases (e.g., Student's t-test) treat them as such. The hierarchical bootstrap has been shown to be an effective tool to accurately analyze such data and while it has been used extensively in the statistical literature, its use is not widespread in neuroscience - despite the ubiquity of hierarchical datasets. In this paper, we illustrate the intuitiveness and utility of this approach to analyze hierarchically nested datasets. We use simulated neural data to show that traditional statistical tests can result in a false positive rate of over 45%, even if the Type-I error rate is set at 5%. While summarizing data across non-independent points (or lower levels) can potentially fix this problem, this approach greatly reduces the statistical power of the analysis. The hierarchical bootstrap, when applied sequentially over the levels of the hierarchical structure, keeps the Type-I error rate within the intended bound and retains more statistical power than summarizing methods. We conclude by demonstrating the effectiveness of the method in two real-world examples, first analyzing singing data in male Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata var. domestica) and second quantifying changes in behavior under optogenetic control in flies (Drosophila melanogaster).
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Saravanan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 30322
| | - Gordon J Berman
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 30322
- Department of Physics, Emory University, 30322
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37
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Ding H, Zhang Y. Bimodal Benefits for Lexical Tone Recognition: An Investigation on Mandarin-speaking Preschoolers with a Cochlear Implant and a Contralateral Hearing Aid. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040238. [PMID: 32316466 PMCID: PMC7226140 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pitch perception is known to be difficult for individuals with cochlear implant (CI), and adding a hearing aid (HA) in the non-implanted ear is potentially beneficial. The current study aimed to investigate the bimodal benefit for lexical tone recognition in Mandarin-speaking preschoolers using a CI and an HA in opposite ears. The child participants were required to complete tone identification in quiet and in noise with CI + HA in comparison with CI alone. While the bimodal listeners showed confusion between Tone 2 and Tone 3 in recognition, the additional acoustic information from the contralateral HA alleviated confusion between these two tones in quiet. Moreover, significant improvement was demonstrated in the CI + HA condition over the CI alone condition in noise. The bimodal benefit for individual subjects could be predicted by the low-frequency hearing threshold of the non-implanted ear and the duration of bimodal use. The findings support the clinical practice to fit a contralateral HA in the non-implanted ear for the potential benefit in Mandarin tone recognition in CI children. The limitations call for further studies on auditory plasticity on an individual basis to gain insights on the contributing factors to the bimodal benefit or its absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +1-612-624-7878 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +1-612-624-7878 (Y.Z.)
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Pooley CM, Bishop SC, Doeschl-Wilson A, Marion G. Posterior-based proposals for speeding up Markov chain Monte Carlo. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190619. [PMID: 31827823 PMCID: PMC6894579 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is widely used for Bayesian inference in models of complex systems. Performance, however, is often unsatisfactory in models with many latent variables due to so-called poor mixing, necessitating the development of application-specific implementations. This paper introduces 'posterior-based proposals' (PBPs), a new type of MCMC update applicable to a huge class of statistical models (whose conditional dependence structures are represented by directed acyclic graphs). PBPs generate large joint updates in parameter and latent variable space, while retaining good acceptance rates (typically 33%). Evaluation against other approaches (from standard Gibbs/random walk updates to state-of-the-art Hamiltonian and particle MCMC methods) was carried out for widely varying model types: an individual-based model for disease diagnostic test data, a financial stochastic volatility model, a mixed model used in statistical genetics and a population model used in ecology. While different methods worked better or worse in different scenarios, PBPs were found to be either near to the fastest or significantly faster than the next best approach (by up to a factor of 10). PBPs, therefore, represent an additional general purpose technique that can be usefully applied in a wide variety of contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Pooley
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, James Clerk Maxwell Building, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - S. C. Bishop
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - A. Doeschl-Wilson
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - G. Marion
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, James Clerk Maxwell Building, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
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Characterization and Validation of an "Acute Aerobic Exercise Load" as a Tool to Assess Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Nutrition in Healthy Subjects Using a Statistically Integrated Approach in a Comprehensive Clinical Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9526725. [PMID: 31612079 PMCID: PMC6755301 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9526725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic challenge may provide unique opportunities for quantitative assessment of the health-promoting effects of nutritional interventions in healthy individuals. Objective. The present study is aimed at characterizing and validating the use of acute aerobic exercise (AAE) on a treadmill at 60% of VO2max for 30 min, in assessing the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of a nutritional intervention. In a controlled, randomized, parallel trial of Korean black raspberry (KBR) (n = 24/group), fasting blood and urine samples collected before and following the AAE load at either baseline or 4-week follow-up were analyzed for biochemical markers, 1H-NMR metabolomics, and transcriptomics. The AAE was characterized using the placebo data only, and either the placebo or the treatment data were used in the validation. The AAE load generated a total of 50 correlations of 44 selected markers, based on Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis of 105 differential markers. Subsequent mapping of selected markers onto the KEGG pathway dataset showed 127 pathways relevant to the AAE load. Of these, 54 pathways involving 18 key targets were annotated to be related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The biochemical responses were amplified with the AAE load as compared to those with no load, whereas, the metabolomic and transcriptomic responses were downgraded. Furthermore, target-pathway network analysis revealed that the AAE load provided more explanations on how KBR exerted antioxidant effects in healthy subjects (29 pathways involving 12 key targets with AAE vs. 12 pathways involving 2 key targets without AAE). This study provides considerable insight into the molecular changes incurred by AAE and furthers our understanding that AAE-induced homeostatic perturbation could magnify oxidative and inflammatory responses, thereby providing a unique opportunity to test functional foods for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory purposes in clinical settings with healthy subjects.
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Soltani S, Chauvette S, Bukhtiyarova O, Lina JM, Dubé J, Seigneur J, Carrier J, Timofeev I. Sleep-Wake Cycle in Young and Older Mice. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:51. [PMID: 31611779 PMCID: PMC6769075 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays a key role in multiple cognitive functions and sleep pattern changes with aging. Human studies revealed that aging decreases sleep efficiency and reduces the total sleep time, the time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS), and the delta power (1–4 Hz) during sleep; however, some studies of sleep and aging in mice reported opposing results. The aim of our work is to estimate how features of sleep–wake state in mice during aging could correspond to age-dependent changes observed in human. In this study, we investigated the sleep/wake cycle in young (3 months old) and older (12 months old) C57BL/6 mice using local-field potentials (LFPs). We found that older adult mice sleep more than young ones but only during the dark phase of sleep-wake cycle. Sleep fragmentation and sleep during the active phase (dark phase of cycle), homologous to naps, were higher in older mice. Older mice show a higher delta power in frontal cortex, which was accompanied with similar trend for age differences in slow wave density. We also investigated regional specificity of sleep–wake electrographic activities and found that globally posterior regions of the cortex show more rapid eye movement (REM) sleep whereas somatosensory cortex displays more often SWS patterns. Our results indicate that the effects of aging on the sleep–wake activities in mice occur mainly during the dark phase and the electrode location strongly influence the state detection. Despite some differences in sleep–wake cycle during aging between human and mice, some features of mice sleep share similarity with human sleep during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Soltani
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Olga Bukhtiyarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Dubé
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Julie Carrier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Igor Timofeev
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
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Vercammen C, Goossens T, Undurraga J, Wouters J, van Wieringen A. Electrophysiological and Behavioral Evidence of Reduced Binaural Temporal Processing in the Aging and Hearing Impaired Human Auditory System. Trends Hear 2019; 22:2331216518785733. [PMID: 30022734 PMCID: PMC6053861 DOI: 10.1177/2331216518785733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A person’s ability to process temporal fine structure information is
indispensable for speech understanding. As speech understanding typically
deteriorates throughout adult life, this study aimed to disentangle age and
hearing impairment (HI)-related changes in binaural temporal processing. This
was achieved by examining neural and behavioral processing of interaural phase
differences (IPDs). Neural IPD processing was studied electrophysiologically
through steady-state activity in the electroencephalogram evoked by periodic
changes in IPDs over time, embedded in the temporal fine structure of acoustic
stimulation. In addition, behavioral IPD discrimination thresholds were
determined for the same stimuli. To disentangle potential effects of age from
those of HI, both measures were applied to six participant groups: young,
middle-aged, and older persons, with either normal hearing or sensorineural HI.
All participants passed a cognitive screening, and stimulus audibility was
controlled for in participants with HI. The results demonstrated that HI changes
neural processing of binaural temporal information for all age-groups included
in this study. These outcomes were revealed, superimposed on age-related changes
that emerge between young adulthood and middle age. Poorer neural outcomes were
also associated with poorer behavioral performance, even though the behavioral
IPD discrimination thresholds were affected by age rather than by HI. The neural
outcomes of this study are the first to evidence and disentangle the dual load
of age and HI on binaural temporal processing. These results could be a valuable
first step toward future research on rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vercammen
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Goossens
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaime Undurraga
- 2 Department of Linguistics, The Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,3 Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Wouters
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Astrid van Wieringen
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
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Koerner TK, Zhang Y. Differential effects of hearing impairment and age on electrophysiological and behavioral measures of speech in noise. Hear Res 2018; 370:130-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Activity of frontal pole cortex reflecting hedonic tone of food and drink: fNIRS study in humans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16197. [PMID: 30385816 PMCID: PMC6212539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive and hedonic aspects of taste have been studied using different neuroimaging techniques in humans. However, the methods used are unsuitable for easy monitoring of hedonics induced by intake of foods and beverages. Here we have tried to monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) levels in the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC, frontopolar cortex, Brodmann area 10) in response to intake of hedonically different edibles in healthy adults. When subjects tasted sweet and bitter solutions freely without any particular instruction, cortical activation varied greatly among subjects and between the two stimuli, and no consistent results were obtained. Subjects then ate or drank preferred (hedonically positive) and disliked (hedonically negative) edibles. Although these stimuli differed among subjects, hedonically positive stimuli decreased oxyHb, whereas hedonically negative stimuli increased oxyHb, particularly in the ventral aPFC. When subjects tasted 4 kinds of jellies with different flavors and evaluated the degree of pleasantness, oxyHb level in the ventral region correlated negatively with pleasantness score. These results revealed that pleasant and unpleasant edibles tended to elicit decreased and increased oxyHb levels, respectively, within the ventral aPFC, suggesting that monitoring of oxyHb in this region may prove useful for objective evaluation of pleasantness of food and drink.
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Benore E, Webster EE, Wang L, Banez G. Longitudinal Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes From an Interdisciplinary Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Program for Children With Chronic Migraine and Headache. Headache 2018; 58:1556-1567. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Benore
- Cleveland Clinic - Pediatric Behavioral Health; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Erin E. Webster
- Cleveland Clinic - Pediatric Behavioral Health; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital - Quantitative Health Sciences; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Gerard Banez
- Cleveland Clinic - Pediatric Behavioral Health; Cleveland OH USA
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Yu L, Wang S, Huang D, Wu X, Zhang Y. Role of inter-trial phase coherence in atypical auditory evoked potentials to speech and nonspeech stimuli in children with autism. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1374-1382. [PMID: 29729592 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This autism study investigated how inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) drives abnormalities in auditory evoked potential (AEP) responses for speech and nonspeech stimuli. METHODS Auditory P1-N2 responses and ITPCs in the theta band (4-7 Hz) for pure tones and words were assessed with EEG data from 15 school-age children with autism and 16 age-matched typically developing (TD) controls. RESULTS The autism group showed enhanced P1 and reduced N2 for both speech and nonspeech stimuli in comparison with the TD group. Group differences were also found with enhanced theta ITPC for P1 followed by ITPC reduction for N2 in the autism group. The ITPC values were significant predictors of P1 and N2 amplitudes in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal trial-to-trial phase synchrony plays an important role in AEP atypicalities in children with autism. ITPC-driven enhancement as well as attenuation in different AEP components may coexist, depending on the stage of information processing. SIGNIFICANCE It is necessary to examine the time course of auditory evoked potentials and the corresponding inter-trial coherence of neural oscillatory activities to better understand hyper- and hypo- sensitive responses in autism, which has important implications for sensory based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodi Yu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Suiping Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Dan Huang
- Guangzhou Rehabilitation and Research Center for Children with Autism, Guangzhou Cana School, Guangzhou 510540, China
| | - Xueyuan Wu
- Guangzhou Rehabilitation and Research Center for Children with Autism, Guangzhou Cana School, Guangzhou 510540, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Miller SE, Wathen K, Cash E, Pitts T, Cornell L. Auditory sensory gating predicts acceptable noise level. Hear Res 2018; 359:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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47
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Yu L, Zhang Y. Testing native language neural commitment at the brainstem level: A cross-linguistic investigation of the association between frequency-following response and speech perception. Neuropsychologia 2018; 109:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tumor heterogeneity determined with a γH2AX foci assay: A study in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hHNSCC) models. Radiother Oncol 2017; 124:379-385. [PMID: 28739384 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the intra-tumoral heterogeneity of γH2AX foci in tumor specimens following ex vivo radiation to evaluate the potential of γH2AX foci as predictors for radiosensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS γH2AX foci were quantified in tumor specimens of 3hHNSCC tumor models with known differences in radiosensitivity after reoxygenation in culture medium (10h, 24h), single dose exposure (0Gy, 4Gy), and fixation 24h post-irradiation. Multiple, equally treated samples of the same tumor were analyzed for foci, normalized and fitted in a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS The ex vivo reoxygenation time had no significant effect on γH2AX foci counts. A significant intra model heterogeneity could be shown for FaDu (p=0.033) but not for SKX (p=0.167) and UT-SCC-5 (p=0.082) tumors, respectively. All tumor models showed a significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity between specimens of the same tumor (p<0.01) or among microscopic fields of a particular tumor specimen (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Similar results for ex vivo γH2AX foci between 10h and 24h reoxygenation time support the applicability of the assay in a clinical setting. The high intra-tumoral heterogeneity underlines the necessity of multiple analyzable samples per patient and therewith the need for an automated foci analysis.
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Koerner TK, Zhang Y, Nelson PB, Wang B, Zou H. Neural indices of phonemic discrimination and sentence-level speech intelligibility in quiet and noise: A P3 study. Hear Res 2017; 350:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Yamamoto K, Sakai KL. Differential Signatures of Second Language Syntactic Performance and Age on the Structural Properties of the Left Dorsal Pathway. Front Psychol 2017; 8:829. [PMID: 28588536 PMCID: PMC5440582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult second language (L2) acquisition, individual differences are considerably large even among people with similar experiences. The neural mechanisms underlying this variability would include structural plasticity of language-related pathways. To elucidate such neuroplasticity, we focused on the transitional period of adolescence, which is associated with certain plasticity toward maturation following the sensitive period of language acquisition (≤12 years old). The adolescent brain would thus be influenced by age-dependent factors, as well as performances in L2. Here, we examined individual differences in L2 performances controlling the duration of experience to reveal the differential signatures of performances and age on the plasticity of structural properties in major language-related pathways. We recruited Japanese students at two ages, i.e., junior (age: 13–14) and senior (age: 16–17) high-school students, all of whom started to expose to English at age 12 or 13. We divided them into subgroups, so that either L2 performance [Junior (High)/Senior (Low)] or age [Senior (Low)/Senior (High)] was matched in group comparisons; the duration of L2 experience was also controlled between the Senior (Low) and Senior (High) groups. We then examined the thickness and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the dorsal and ventral pathways, i.e., the arcuate fasciculus (Arcuate) and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), respectively, using semi-automatic methods for selecting regions without branches. Regarding FA in the left Arcuate, the Senior (High) group showed significantly higher FA than the other two groups, indicating performance-related group differences. Further, FA in the left Arcuate was selectively correlated with the accuracy of a syntactic task. Regarding the thickness of the left Arcuate, the Senior (High) and Senior (Low) groups showed significantly larger thickness than the Junior (High) group, indicating age-related group differences. These differential performance-related and age-related signatures were evident on the left Arcuate alone, in contrast to the right Arcuate that showed only mild differences in thickness, and to the bilateral IFOF that lacked either signature. Our results suggest that the left dorsal pathway continued to develop to adolescence, and that performance differences in a syntactic task can be predicted by its FA, independent of age and the duration of experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayako Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceSaitama, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi L Sakai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyTokyo, Japan
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