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Zare H, Rahimi H, Omidi A, Nematolahi F, Sharifi N. Relationship between emotional eating and nutritional intake in adult women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2024; 23:129. [PMID: 39438830 PMCID: PMC11494802 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-01030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating (EE) is particularly prevalent in overweight or obese women, who may turn to food as a way to cope with stress, sadness, or anxiety. Limited research has been conducted on the association between EE and nutritional intake. Therefore, present study was designed to explore this association in adult women with overweight and obesity. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the relationship between EE and nutritional intake in 303 overweight and obese women (aged 18-50 years) was examined. The researchers used the validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess participants' nutritional intake and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to evaluate their eating behavior. To determine the association between EE and nutritional intake, we employed the multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The frequency of high intensity EE was 64.4% among the study participants and the mean total score of EE subscale of DBEQ was 2.32 ± 0.81. The total score of EE was positively associated with the energy intake (β = 0.396, P = 0.007), even after adjusting for age and BMI. In addition, a significant inverse association was found between the score of EE and the daily intake of calcium (β= -0.219, P = 0.026), riboflavin (β= -0.166, P = 0.043), and vitamin B12 (β= -0.271, P = 0.035), independent from energy and age. Also the results showed a significant positive association between the score of EE and the frequency of daily intake of cracker, muffin, cake, cream cake, pastry, candy, ice cream, pickles, melon, hydrogenated vegetable oil, peanut, salted and roasted seeds, and corn-cheese puff snack. CONCLUSION This study found that overweight or obese women with higher intensity of EE might have a higher intake of energy and a lower intake of dietary calcium, riboflavin and vitamin B12. Integrating a balanced diet with psychotherapy is suggested to help individuals with EE reducing the urge to eat in response to emotions.
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Grants
- 99210 Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- 99210 Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- 99210 Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- 99210 Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- 99210 Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Zare
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, 87159-73474, Iran
| | - Habibollah Rahimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Omidi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Nematolahi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, 87159-73474, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sharifi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, 87159-73474, Iran.
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Fuentes-Albero M, Mafla-España MA, Martínez-Raga J, Cauli O. Autistic Children/Adolescents Have Lower Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Higher Salivary IL-6 Concentration: Potential Diet-Inflammation Links? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:376-387. [PMID: 39189164 PMCID: PMC11348102 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Many patients with ASD often show behavioral problems at mealtimes, including food selectivity and atypical feeding behaviors. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has a beneficial effect on mental health for the general population across different ages. There is evidence that good adherence to the MD is effective in reducing peripheral inflammatory markers, such as the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). The present study was designed to evaluate adherence to the MD in children with ASD using age- and sex-matched, typically developing individuals (TDs) as a control group and to determine whether differences in adherence to the MD are associated with salivary IL-6 and IL-6 receptor concentration. METHODS Twenty children and adolescents with ASD (mean age 9.95 ± 0.65 years) and twenty TDs (mean age: 9.85 ± 0.59 years) participated in this study (N = 16 males and N = 4 females in each group). Participants with ASD were enrolled in a psychiatric consultation in Valencia (Spain), and TDs were recruited from two public schools in Valencia. The parents of both ASD and TD groups answered the items in a validated Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED) questionnaire on their children's adherence to the MD. RESULTS The mean adherence to MD score was significantly lower in the ASD group (9.10 ± 0.42) (range 6-12) than in the TD group (10.35 ± 0.31) (range 8-12) (p = 0.02, Mann-Whitney U test). There was no statistically significant association between adherence to the MD and age or sex in both groups, but there was a significant correlation between the total KIDMED score and body mass index (BMI) in the ASD group. Regarding the concentration of Il-6 and the Il-6 receptor in saliva samples, there were no significant differences between the two groups; however, linear regression analysis by group revealed significant associations between the adherence to MD score and the concentration of IL-6 and its receptor in saliva in the ASD group (p = 0.003, OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.007 to -0.02; p = 0.009, OR = -0.64, 95% CI -0.01 to -0.00). In contrast, no significant associations were observed between the adherence to MD score and the concentration of IL-6 and its receptor in saliva in the TD group. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with ASD showed significantly lower adherence to the MD, which can contribute to nutritional deficits described in ASD, and the role of BMI composition (fat versus lean mass) needs to be further investigated in this group. The concentration of IL-6 and its receptor in saliva is associated with adherence to the MD, suggesting a possible link between IL-6 and diet in ASD. Further studies to clarify the associations between IL-6, psychiatric alterations, and diet in ASD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Martínez-Raga
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset and University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Omar Cauli
- Nursing Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Gumma SD, Elotla SF, Ibrahim OY, Rizkalla NH. Nutrients patterns and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Egyptian children: a sibling and community matched case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:64-71. [PMID: 37752197 PMCID: PMC10774123 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis has been growing among children, with great public health concern. The relationship between nutrient intake pattern and ADHD remains unclear. AIM To identify the nutrient intake patterns and its association with ADHD in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study involved 146 children with ADHD, 141 control sibling, and 146 community controls. ADHD diagnosis was confirmed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) criteria following the assessment by the long-form Conner's Scale. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrients patterns were identified using the principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS ADHD children have significantly higher mean total energy intake than community controls and siblings (8867.9, 4481.9 and 7308.2 KJ, respectively, p < 0.001). Four nutrient patterns extracted by the PCA explained 75.9% of the total variance. Lower tertiles of "predominantly calcium-phosphorus; pattern 1" and "predominantly-vitamins; pattern 3" were significantly associated with increasing odds of ADHD, compared to community controls (p for trend: 0.002 and 0.005, respectively), while the same associations were noted in "predominantly-vitamins" and "predominantly Zinc-Iron; pattern 2" when compared to siblings (p for trend: <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). However, Higher tertiles of macronutrients; pattern 4" were associated with increased ADHD odds, compared to either community controls or siblings (p for trend: 0.017 and <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Lower intakes of nutrients patterns of minerals and vitamins, and higher intakes of macronutrients were associated with increased likelihood of ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Dahshan Gumma
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sally Fawzy Elotla
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Omneya Youssef Ibrahim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nadia Hosny Rizkalla
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Homroy S, Chopra R, Singh PK, Dhiman A, Chand M, Talwar B. Role of encapsulation on the bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13272. [PMID: 38284597 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) have been widely recognized for their therapeutic advantages, including anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. They have shown promise in enhancing regulatory function, promotingdevelopment and mitigating the progression of diabetes and cancer. The scientific communities, along with industries, are actively endorsing initiatives aimed at increasing the daily intake of lipids rich in omega-3 FAs. Nevertheless, incorporating polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) into food products poses several challenges due to their susceptibility to oxidation when exposed to oxygen, high temperatures, and moisture. This oxidative deterioration results in undesirable flavours and a loss of nutritional value. Various methods, including physical blending, interesterification, and encapsulation, have been utilized as ways to enhance the stability of edible oils rich in PUFA against oxidation. Encapsulation has emerged as a proven strategy for enhancing the oxidative stability and functional properties of omega-3 FA-rich oils. Multiple encapsulation methods have been developed to stabilize and improve the delivery of omega-3 FAs in food products. The selection of an appropriate encapsulation method depends on the desired application of the encapsulated oil. In addition, encapsulation enhances the bioavailability of omega-3 FAs by promoting increased absorption of the encapsulated form in the intestinal epithelium. This review discusses the techniques and principles of omega-3 FA-rich oil encapsulation and its role in improving stability and bioavailability. Furthermore, it also investigates the potential health benefits of these encapsulated oils. This review explores the variations in bioavailability based on encapsulation techniques and processing, offering vital insights for nutrition and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Homroy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni Chopra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Singh
- Department of Food and Nutrition & Food Technology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Chand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Binanshu Talwar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Intrieri M, Saso L, Scapagnini G, Kang JX. Targeting NRF2-KEAP1 axis by Omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives: Emerging opportunities against aging and diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:736-750. [PMID: 36402440 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 and its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1 play a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes. Therefore, activation of NRF2 provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies, including age-related diseases. An age-associated loss of NRF2 function may be a key driving force behind the aging phenotype. Recently, numerous NRF2 inducers have been identified and some of them are promising candidates to restore NRF2 transcriptional activity during aging. Emerging evidence indicates that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their electrophilic derivatives may trigger a protective response via NRF2 activation, rescuing or maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the NRF2-KEAP1 system and its dysregulation in aging cells. We also summarize current studies on the modulatory role of n-3 PUFAs as potential agents to prevent multiple chronic diseases and restore the age-related impairment of NRF2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ryu SA, Choi YJ, An H, Kwon HJ, Ha M, Hong YC, Hong SJ, Hwang HJ. Associations between Dietary Intake and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Scores by Repeated Measurements in School-Age Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142919. [PMID: 35889876 PMCID: PMC9322602 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in school-age children and adolescents. However, the reported associations between ADHD and single nutrient intake are inconsistent. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between dietary intake changes and the prevalence of ADHD over time with repeat measurements using data from the Children Health and Environment Research (CHEER). To assess changes over time, we used data obtained in 2006 and 2008 (Phases 1 and 2). In this study, there were 2899 children aged 8 years or older in Phase 1 and 2120 children aged 9 years or older in Phase 2 from Korea, and the ADHD scores and dietary intake of 1733 children in Phases 1 and 2 were used in the final analysis. The YN group refers to children whose disease had improved in Phase 2, and the NY group refers to children diagnosed with ADHD in Phase 2. A notable within-group result was the increase in vegetable protein (p = 0.03) in the YN group. A between-group comparison showed that significant changes in nutrient intake could be confirmed most in the NY group, and the YN group tended to have a lower nutrient intake than the NY group. In the correlation of changes in nutrient intake and three subtypes (combined, AD, and HD), the total fat (p = 0.048) and animal protein (p = 0.099) showed a positive correlation with the prevalence of AD. Vegetable iron (p = 0.061 and p = 0.044, respectively), zinc (p = 0.022 and p = 0.007, respectively), vegetable protein (p = 0.074), and calcium (p = 0.057) had inhibitory effects on ADHD and its subtype. In conclusion, management of dietary and nutritional status should be considered to ameliorate ADHD and its subtypes in school-age children, and these relationships require further exploration in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-a Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-a.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea;
| | - Hyojin An
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-a.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3399-1653; Fax: +82-2-3399-1655
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Emerging Role of Phospholipids and Lysophospholipids for Improving Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid as Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073969. [PMID: 35409331 PMCID: PMC9000073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) essential for neural development, learning, and vision. Although DHA can be provided to humans through nutrition and synthesized in vivo from its precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), deficiencies in cerebral DHA level were associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The aim of this review was to develop a complete understanding of previous and current approaches and suggest future approaches to target the brain with DHA in different lipids’ forms for potential prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since glycerophospholipids (GPs) play a crucial role in DHA transport to the brain, we explored their biosynthesis and remodeling pathways with a focus on cerebral PUFA remodeling. Following this, we discussed the brain content and biological properties of phospholipids (PLs) and Lyso-PLs with omega-3 PUFA focusing on DHA’s beneficial effects in healthy conditions and brain disorders. We emphasized the cerebral accretion of DHA when esterified at sn-2 position of PLs and Lyso-PLs. Finally, we highlighted the importance of DHA-rich Lyso-PLs’ development for pharmaceutical applications since most commercially available DHA formulations are in the form of PLs or triglycerides, which are not the preferred transporter of DHA to the brain.
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8
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Parasannanavar D, Gaddam I, Bukya T, Ibrahim S A, Reddy K S, Banjara SK, Salvadi BPP, Kumar B N, Rao SF, Geddam JJB, Rajkumar H. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and plasma fatty acids of school going Indian children - a cross-sectional study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 170:102294. [PMID: 34052598 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) play an essential role in cognitive and behavioural changes among school going children. This study delineates the dietary omega-3 PUFA [alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA), DHA, and EPA] intake and plasma fatty acids levels among school-going children. This is a cross-sectional study purely observational in nature, wherein 625 apparently healthy boys and girls aged between 7 and 13 years were selected from five different schools of Hyderabad. Dietary information on omega-3 PUFA (ALA, DHA, and EPA) intake was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Plasma fatty acid concentrations were measured in 34% of sub-sample using standard gas chromatography. The study revealed that the average dietary intakes of omega-3 PUFA, ALA, DHA, and EPA were 55.46, 15.82, 35.59, 4.06 mg/day, respectively. There was a significant difference in mean DHA intake among gender and age group [girls (38.64±1.45 mg/day), boys (31.80±1.38 mg/day) p < 0.001] and [7-10 years (31.75±1.38 mg/day), 11-13 years (38.07±1.40 mg/day) p < 0.01]. The mean plasma DHA and DPA levels of overall subjects were 0.98 nmol% and 0.18nmol% respectively which was comparable among different gender, age and BMI-for age groups. There was a positive correlation between dietary DHA intake and plasma DHA level [ρ=0.376 (p < 0.001)]. The current study demonstrated that the omega-3 PUFA intake in school going children was less and reinforces the importance of increasing the omega-3 PUFA intake through diet and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Parasannanavar
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007. 8074928620.
| | - Indraja Gaddam
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007.
| | - Tulja Bukya
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007. 8074928620.
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim S
- Lipid Chemistry Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007.
| | - Suryam Reddy K
- Lipid Chemistry Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007.
| | - Santosh Kumar Banjara
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007.
| | - Blessy P Priyanka Salvadi
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007. 8074928620.
| | - Naveen Kumar B
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007. 8074928620.
| | - Sylvia Fernandez Rao
- Behavioral Science Unit, Extension & Training Division, (ICMR)-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007.
| | - J J Babu Geddam
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500 007. 8074928620.
| | - Hemalatha Rajkumar
- Scientist 'G' and The Director, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007.
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Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids in ADHD and in Other Neuropsychiatric Conditions: A Multiple Case Presentation. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:234-240. [PMID: 34066347 PMCID: PMC8162565 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are seen quite commonly by general pediatricians. They should be managed with a multi-professional approach. The potential beneficial effect of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported in recent literature, but guidelines describing their use in everyday practice are still lacking. We describe four cases as examples of the possible integration of a supplementation with PUFAs in the management of four relatively common clinical situations (i.e., children too young to receive pharmacological treatment for ADHD, children with nonspecific neurodevelopmental disorders, children whose parents refuse consent for pharmacological treatment of ADHD, and children for whom methylphenidate is not sufficient to achieve expected results).
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Martinat M, Rossitto M, Di Miceli M, Layé S. Perinatal Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Development, Role in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:1185. [PMID: 33918517 PMCID: PMC8065891 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that are provided by dietary intake. Growing evidence suggests that n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are paramount for brain functions. They constitute crucial elements of cellular membranes, especially in the brain. They are the precursors of several metabolites with different effects on inflammation and neuron outgrowth. Overall, long-chain PUFAs accumulate in the offspring brain during the embryonic and post-natal periods. In this review, we discuss how they accumulate in the developing brain, considering the maternal dietary supply, the polymorphisms of genes involved in their metabolism, and the differences linked to gender. We also report the mechanisms linking their bioavailability in the developing brain, their transfer from the mother to the embryo through the placenta, and their role in brain development. In addition, data on the potential role of altered bioavailability of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the etiologies of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, are reviewed.
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Torres-Acosta N, O'Keefe JH, O'Keefe CL, Lavie CJ. Cardiovascular Effects of ADHD Therapies: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 76:858-866. [PMID: 32792083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been stable over the past 3 decades, prescriptions of sympathomimetic stimulants have steadily increased in the United States. This study consisted of a systematic review of PubMed articles screened for ADHD medications and potential cardiovascular toxicity as well as nondrug strategies for managing ADHD. The cumulative body of data showed that ADHD medications cause modest elevations in resting heart rate and blood pressure. Other adverse effects reported with ADHD stimulants included arrhythmia, nonischemic cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and sudden death. However, such reports did not imply causation, and there was a paucity of randomized trial evidence addressing long-term safety of ADHD medications, particularly among adults. Further studies are essential to clarify the risks and benefits of ADHD stimulant medications and to explore nonpharmacological options, including regular exercise and omega-3 fatty acids, which could be helpful for improving ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H O'Keefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | | | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Martínez-Martínez MI, Alegre-Martínez A, Cauli O. Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake in Children: The Role of Family-Related Social Determinants. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3455. [PMID: 33187190 PMCID: PMC7697719 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids play a central role in neuronal growth and in the development of the human brain, since they are essential elements which depend on intake through diet to ensure an adequate amount. Fish and seafood are the main dietary sources of these fatty acids in Spain and in other countries. In order to assess the effect of the intake of common foods containing high amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a food frequency questionnaire was administered to parents of children and adolescents attending a primary school in Valencia (Spain), and the intake of dietary omega-3 such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was estimated based on their fish/seafood consumption. Low frequencies of intake were significantly (p < 0.05) lower for many types of fish/seafood in children compared to adolescents. 27.5% of children/adolescents did not eat lean fish or other types (19.8% of the sample did not eat fatty fish, and 71.8% did not eat smoked fish) and 20-60% of the sample consumed seafood only once-three times a month, leading to a reduced estimated intake of EPA+DHA below that recommended for both groups by public health agencies. Social aspects, such as the type of work done by mothers and their educational levels are significant factors (p < 0.05 in both cases) affecting children's/adolescents' intake of DHA+EPA. Dietary interventions to increase the consumption of fish and seafood are strongly advised, and health promotion strategies should be aimed at the family level and fight against gender disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Martínez-Martínez
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antoni Alegre-Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera University CEU, Avenida Seminario, s/n, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Omar Cauli
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46013 Valencia, Spain
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Yde Ohki CM, Grossmann L, Alber E, Dwivedi T, Berger G, Werling AM, Walitza S, Grünblatt E. The stress-Wnt-signaling axis: a hypothesis for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and therapy approaches. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:315. [PMID: 32948744 PMCID: PMC7501308 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. Although ADHD has been studied for nearly a century, the cause and pathophysiology of ADHD is yet largely unknown. However, findings from previous studies have resulted in the formation of a new hypothesis: Apart from the well-known multifactorial etiology of ADHD, recent evidence suggests that the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and especially Wnt- and mTOR-signaling pathways might have an important role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The Wnt-signaling pathway is known to orchestrate cellular proliferation, polarity, and differentiation, and the mTOR pathway is involved in several significant processes of neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. As a result, dysregulations of these pathways in a time-dependent manner could lead to neurodevelopmental delays, resulting in ADHD phenotype. This review presents further evidence supporting our hypothesis by combining results from studies on ADHD and Wnt- or mTOR-signaling and the influence of genetics, methylphenidate treatment, Omega-3 supplementation, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Marie Yde Ohki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Leoni Grossmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Alber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tanushree Dwivedi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Werling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Cave C, Hein N, Smith LM, Anderson-Berry A, Richter CK, Bisselou KS, Appiah AK, Kris-Etherton P, Skulas-Ray AC, Thompson M, Nordgren TM, Hanson C, Thoene M. Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake by Ethnicity, Income, and Education Level in the United States: NHANES 2003-2014. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2045. [PMID: 32660046 PMCID: PMC7400855 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many recognized health benefits for the consumption of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), intake in the United States remains below recommended amounts. This analysis was designed to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 LCPUFA intake (eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States adult population, based on education, income, and race/ethnicity, using data from the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 44,585). Over this survey period, participants with less education and lower income had significantly lower n-3 LCPUFA intakes and fish intakes (p < 0.001 for all between group comparisons). N-3 LCPUFA intake differed significantly according to ethnicity (p < 0.001), with the highest intake of n-3 LCPUFA and fish in individuals in the "Other" category (including Asian Americans). Supplement use increased EPA + DHA intake, but only 7.4% of individuals consistently took supplements. Overall, n-3 LCPUFA intake in this study population was low, but our findings indicate that individuals with lower educational attainment and income are at even higher risk of lower n-3 LCPUFA and fish intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Cave
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.C.); (A.A.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicholas Hein
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.H.); (L.M.S.); (K.S.B.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.H.); (L.M.S.); (K.S.B.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.C.); (A.A.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Chesney K. Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.K.R.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Karl Stessy Bisselou
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.H.); (L.M.S.); (K.S.B.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Adams Kusi Appiah
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.H.); (L.M.S.); (K.S.B.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Ann C. Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.K.R.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.C.); (A.A.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Tara M. Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.C.); (A.A.-B.); (M.T.)
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Diet in Brain Health and Neurological Disorders: Risk Factors and Treatments. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9090234. [PMID: 31540210 PMCID: PMC6770085 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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