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Park SY, Bae H, Jeong HY, Lee JY, Kwon YK, Kim CE. Identifying Novel Subtypes of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder by Analyzing Nonlinear Structure in Integrative Biopsychosocial Questionnaire Data. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2821. [PMID: 38792363 PMCID: PMC11122158 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Given the limited success in treating functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) through conventional methods, there is a pressing need for tailored treatments that account for the heterogeneity and biopsychosocial factors associated with FGIDs. Here, we considered the potential of novel subtypes of FGIDs based on biopsychosocial information. Methods: We collected data from 198 FGID patients utilizing an integrative approach that included the traditional Korean medicine diagnosis questionnaire for digestive symptoms (KM), as well as the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), alongside the conventional Rome-criteria-based Korean Bowel Disease Questionnaire (K-BDQ). Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess whether KM or SF-36 provided additional information beyond the K-BDQ and its statistical relevance to symptom severity. Questions related to symptom severity were selected using an extremely randomized trees (ERT) regressor to develop an integrative questionnaire. For the identification of novel subtypes, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection and spectral clustering were used for nonlinear dimensionality reduction and clustering, respectively. The validity of the clusters was assessed using certain metrics, such as trustworthiness, silhouette coefficient, and accordance rate. An ERT classifier was employed to further validate the clustered result. Results: The multivariate analyses revealed that SF-36 and KM supplemented the psychosocial aspects lacking in K-BDQ. Through the application of nonlinear clustering using the integrative questionnaire data, four subtypes of FGID were identified: mild, severe, mind-symptom predominance, and body-symptom predominance. Conclusions: The identification of these subtypes offers a framework for personalized treatment strategies, thus potentially enhancing therapeutic outcomes by tailoring interventions to the unique biopsychosocial profiles of FGID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Yoon Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (H.-Y.J.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ha-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (H.-Y.J.)
| | - Ju Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Kyu Kwon
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (H.-Y.J.)
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Navarro-Cerdán JR, Sánchez-Gomis M, Pons P, Gálvez-Settier S, Valverde F, Ferrer-Albero A, Saurí I, Fernández A, Redon J. Towards a personalized health care using a divisive hierarchical clustering approach for comorbidity and the prediction of conditioned group risks. Health Informatics J 2023; 29:14604582231212494. [PMID: 38072502 DOI: 10.1177/14604582231212494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to assess risk of hospitalization and mortality of comorbidities using divisive hierarchical risk clustering to advice clinical interventions. Subjects and Methods: Data from the EHR of a general population, 3799885 adults, followed by 5 years. Model were performed using Spark and Scikit-learn and accuracy for the models was analyzed. Results: The number of models generated depends in part on the number of chronic diseases included (ex testing a sample of six diseases, a total number of 397 models for all-cause mortality and 431 models for hospitalization). The estimated models offered an ordered selection for the relevant clinical variables and their estimated risk as a group and for the individual patient in the group. Accuracy was assessed according to age, sex and the cardinality of the comorbid groups. A mobile version and dashboard were developed. Conclusion: The software developed stratified hospital admission and mortality risk in clusters of chronic diseases, and for a given patient, it could advise intensifying treatment or reallocating the patient risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramón Navarro-Cerdán
- InstitutoTecnológico de Informática, Universitat Politècnia de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gomis
- InstitutoTecnológico de Informática, Universitat Politècnia de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Pons
- InstitutoTecnológico de Informática, Universitat Politècnia de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josep Redon
- INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Albagmi FM, Hussain M, Kamal K, Sheikh MF, AlNujaidi HY, Bah S, Althumiri NA, BinDhim NF. Predicting Multimorbidity Using Saudi Health Indicators (Sharik) Nationwide Data: Statistical and Machine Learning Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2176. [PMID: 37570417 PMCID: PMC10418949 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saudi population is at high risk of multimorbidity. The risk of these morbidities can be reduced by identifying common modifiable behavioural risk factors. This study uses statistical and machine learning methods to predict factors for multimorbidity in the Saudi population. Data from 23,098 Saudi residents were extracted from the "Sharik" Health Indicators Surveillance System 2021. Participants were asked about their demographics and health indicators. Binary logistic models were used to determine predictors of multimorbidity. A backpropagation neural network model was further run using the predictors from the logistic regression model. Accuracy measures were checked using training, validation, and testing data. Females and smokers had the highest likelihood of experiencing multimorbidity. Age and fruit consumption also played a significant role in predicting multimorbidity. Regarding model accuracy, both logistic regression and backpropagation algorithms yielded comparable outcomes. The backpropagation method (accuracy 80.7%) was more accurate than the logistic regression model (77%). Machine learning algorithms can be used to predict multimorbidity among adults, particularly in the Middle East region. Different testing methods later validated the common predicting factors identified in this study. These factors are helpful and can be translated by policymakers to consider improvements in the public health domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mashel Albagmi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mehwish Hussain
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Khurram Kamal
- Department of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Fahad Sheikh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Heba Yaagoub AlNujaidi
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Sulaiman Bah
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Nora A. Althumiri
- Sharik Association for Research and Studies, Abubaker Alsedeq, Riyadh 13326, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (N.F.B.)
| | - Nasser F. BinDhim
- Sharik Association for Research and Studies, Abubaker Alsedeq, Riyadh 13326, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (N.F.B.)
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Nikolaidis A, Lancelotta R, Gukasyan N, Griffiths RR, Barrett FS, Davis AK. Subtypes of the psychedelic experience have reproducible and predictable effects on depression and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:239-249. [PMID: 36584715 PMCID: PMC9887654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective experiences seem to play an important role in the enduring effects of psychedelic experiences. Although the importance of the subjective experience on the impact of psychedelics is frequently discussed, a more detailed understanding of the subtypes of psychedelic experiences and their associated impacts on mental health has not been well documented. METHODS In the current study, machine learning cluster analysis was used to derive three subtypes of psychedelic experience in a large (n = 985) cross sectional sample. RESULTS These subtypes are not only associated with reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms and other markers of psychological wellbeing, but the structure of these subtypes and their subsequent impact on mental health are highly reproducible across multiple psychedelic substances. LIMITATIONS Data were obtained via retrospective self-report, which does not allow for definitive conclusions about the direction of causation between baseline characteristics of respondents, qualities of subjective experience, and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis suggests that psychedelic experiences, in particular those that are associated with enduring improvements in mental health, may be characterized by reproducible and predictable subtypes of the subjective psychedelic effects. These subtypes appear to be significantly different with respect to the baseline demographic characteristics, baseline measures of mental health, and drug type and dose. These findings also suggest that efforts to increase psychedelic associated personal and mystical insight experiences may be key to maximizing beneficial impact of clinical approaches using this treatment in their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Nikolaidis
- Child Mind Institute, Center for the Developing Brain, United States of America
| | - Rafaelle Lancelotta
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Natalie Gukasyan
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Roland R Griffiths
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Frederick S Barrett
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alan K Davis
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America; Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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5
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Portela D, Amaral R, Rodrigues PP, Freitas A, Costa E, Fonseca JA, Sousa-Pinto B. Unsupervised algorithms to identify potential under-coding of secondary diagnoses in hospitalisations databases in Portugal. HEALTH INF MANAG J 2023:18333583221144663. [PMID: 36802958 DOI: 10.1177/18333583221144663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying and dealing with lack of consistency in administrative databases (namely, under-coding) requires tracking patients longitudinally without compromising anonymity, which is often a challenging task. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (i) assess and compare different hierarchical clustering methods on the identification of individual patients in an administrative database that does not easily allow tracking of episodes from the same patient; (ii) quantify the frequency of potential under-coding; and (iii) identify factors associated with such phenomena. METHOD We analysed the Portuguese National Hospital Morbidity Dataset, an administrative database registering all hospitalisations occurring in Mainland Portugal between 2011-2015. We applied different approaches of hierarchical clustering methods (either isolated or combined with partitional clustering methods), to identify potential individual patients based on demographic variables and comorbidities. Diagnoses codes were grouped into the Charlson an Elixhauser comorbidity defined groups. The algorithm displaying the best performance was used to quantify potential under-coding. A generalised mixed model (GML) of binomial regression was applied to assess factors associated with such potential under-coding. RESULTS We observed that the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) + k-means clustering method with comorbidities grouped according to the Charlson defined groups was the algorithm displaying the best performance (with a Rand Index of 0.99997). We identified potential under-coding in all Charlson comorbidity groups, ranging from 3.5% (overall diabetes) to 27.7% (asthma). Overall, being male, having medical admission, dying during hospitalisation or being admitted at more specific and complex hospitals were associated with increased odds of potential under-coding. DISCUSSION We assessed several approaches to identify individual patients in an administrative database and, subsequently, by applying HCA + k-means algorithm, we tracked coding inconsistency and potentially improved data quality. We reported consistent potential under-coding in all defined groups of comorbidities and potential factors associated with such lack of completeness. CONCLUSION Our proposed methodological framework could both enhance data quality and act as a reference for other studies relying on databases with similar problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Portela
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
- ACES Entre o Douro e Vouga I - Feira/Arouca, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Amaral
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
- ESS, IPP - Porto Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Rodrigues
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Freitas
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Elísio Costa
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), Faculty of Pharmacy, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
| | - João A Fonseca
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, 26706University of Porto, Portugal
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De la Fuente C, Weinstein A, Neira A, Valencia O, Cruz-Montecinos C, Silvestre R, Pincheira PA, Palma F, Carpes FP. Biased instantaneous regional muscle activation maps: Embedded fuzzy topology and image feature analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:934041. [PMID: 36619379 PMCID: PMC9813380 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.934041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The instantaneous spatial representation of electrical propagation produced by muscle contraction may introduce bias in surface electromyographical (sEMG) activation maps. Here, we described the effect of instantaneous spatial representation (sEMG segmentation) on embedded fuzzy topological polyhedrons and image features extracted from sEMG activation maps. We analyzed 73,008 topographic sEMG activation maps from seven healthy participants (age 21.4 ± 1.5 years and body mass 74.5 ± 8.5 kg) who performed submaximal isometric plantar flexions with 64 surface electrodes placed over the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Window lengths of 50, 100, 150, 250, 500, and 1,000 ms and overlap of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 90% to change sEMG map generation were tested in a factorial design (grid search). The Shannon entropy and volume of global embedded tri-dimensional geometries (polyhedron projections), and the Shannon entropy, location of the center (LoC), and image moments of maps were analyzed. The polyhedron volume increased when the overlap was <25% and >75%. Entropy decreased when the overlap was <25% and >75% and when the window length was <100 ms and >500 ms. The LoC in the x-axis, entropy, and the histogram moments of maps showed effects for overlap (p < 0.001), while the LoC in the y-axis and entropy showed effects for both overlap and window length (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the instantaneous sEMG maps are first affected by outer parameters of the overlap, followed by the length of the window. Thus, choosing the window length and overlap parameters can introduce bias in sEMG activation maps, resulting in distorted regional muscle activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos De la Fuente
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Cs. de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile,Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, Brazil,Unidad de Biomecánica, Centro de Innovación, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Weinstein
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Neira
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Valencia
- Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología del Esfuerzo, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rony Silvestre
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Cs. de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile,Unidad de Biomecánica, Centro de Innovación, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio A. Pincheira
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felipe Palma
- Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología del Esfuerzo, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe P. Carpes
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, Brazil,*Correspondence: Felipe P. Carpes,
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Price GD, Heinz MV, Zhao D, Nemesure M, Ruan F, Jacobson NC. An unsupervised machine learning approach using passive movement data to understand depression and schizophrenia. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:132-139. [PMID: 35964770 PMCID: PMC10064481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are highly burdensome mental disorders, with significant cost to both individuals and society. Despite these disorders representing distinct clinical categories, they are each heterogenous in their symptom profiles, with considerable transdiagnostic features. Although movement and sleep abnormalities exist in both disorders, little is known of the precise nature of these changes longitudinally. Passively-collected longitudinal data from wearable sensors is well suited to characterize naturalistic features which may cross traditional diagnostic categories (e.g., highlighting behavioral markers not captured by self-report information). METHODS The present analyses utilized raw minute-level actigraphy data from three diagnostic groups: individuals with schizophrenia (N = 23), individuals with depression (N = 22), and controls (N = 32), respectively, to interrogate naturalistic behavioral differences between groups. Subjects' week-long actigraphy data was processed without diagnostic labels via unsupervised machine learning clustering methods, in order to investigate the natural bounds of psychopathology. Further, actigraphic data was analyzed across time to determine timepoints influential in model outcomes. RESULTS We find distinct actigraphic phenotypes, which differ between diagnostic groups, suggesting that unsupervised clustering of naturalistic data aligns with existing diagnostic constructs. Further, we found statistically significant inter-group differences, with depressed persons showing the highest behavioral variability. LIMITATIONS However, diagnostic group differences only consider biobehavioral trends captured by raw actigraphy information. CONCLUSIONS Passively-collected movement information combined with unsupervised deep learning algorithms shows promise in identifying naturalistic phenotypes in individuals with mental health disorders, specifically in discriminating between MDD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Price
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.
| | - Michael V Heinz
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Daniel Zhao
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Nemesure
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | | | - Nicholas C Jacobson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Wang YC, Wu Y, Choi J, Allington G, Zhao S, Khanfar M, Yang K, Fu PY, Wrubel M, Yu X, Mekbib KY, Ocken J, Smith H, Shohfi J, Kahle KT, Lu Q, Jin SC. Computational Genomics in the Era of Precision Medicine: Applications to Variant Analysis and Gene Therapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:175. [PMID: 35207663 PMCID: PMC8878256 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid methodological advances in statistical and computational genomics have enabled researchers to better identify and interpret both rare and common variants responsible for complex human diseases. As we continue to see an expansion of these advances in the field, it is now imperative for researchers to understand the resources and methodologies available for various data types and study designs. In this review, we provide an overview of recent methods for identifying rare and common variants and understanding their roles in disease etiology. Additionally, we discuss the strategy, challenge, and promise of gene therapy. As computational and statistical approaches continue to improve, we will have an opportunity to translate human genetic findings into personalized health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yuchang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Julie Choi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Garrett Allington
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (H.S.); (K.T.K.)
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Mariam Khanfar
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Kuangying Yang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Po-Ying Fu
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Max Wrubel
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaobing Yu
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kedous Y. Mekbib
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (K.Y.M.); (J.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Jack Ocken
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (K.Y.M.); (J.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Hannah Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (H.S.); (K.T.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (K.Y.M.); (J.O.); (J.S.)
| | - John Shohfi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (K.Y.M.); (J.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Kristopher T. Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (H.S.); (K.T.K.)
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (Y.-C.W.); (J.C.); (S.Z.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (P.-Y.F.); (M.W.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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9
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Salybekov AA, Wolfien M, Kobayashi S, Steinhoff G, Asahara T. Personalized Cell Therapy for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Diseases in the Context of Genetic Alterations: Artificial Intelligence-Based Responder and Non-Responder Prediction. Cells 2021; 10:3266. [PMID: 34943774 PMCID: PMC8699290 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cell transplantation is a potential novel therapeutic strategy to induce angiogenesis in ischemic tissue, which can prevent major amputation in patients with advanced peripheral artery disease (PAD). Thus, clinicians can use cell therapies worldwide to treat PAD. However, some cell therapy studies did not report beneficial outcomes. Clinical researchers have suggested that classical risk factors and comorbidities may adversely affect the efficacy of cell therapy. Some studies have indicated that the response to stem cell therapy varies among patients, even in those harboring limited risk factors. This suggests the role of undetermined risk factors, including genetic alterations, somatic mutations, and clonal hematopoiesis. Personalized stem cell-based therapy can be developed by analyzing individual risk factors. These approaches must consider several clinical biomarkers and perform studies (such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS)) on disease-related genetic traits and integrate the findings with those of transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and whole-genome sequencing in PAD. Additional unbiased analyses with state-of-the-art computational methods, such as machine learning-based patient stratification, are suited for predictions in clinical investigations. The integration of these complex approaches into a unified analysis procedure for the identification of responders and non-responders before stem cell therapy, which can decrease treatment expenditure, is a major challenge for increasing the efficacy of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amankeldi A. Salybekov
- Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1-1370 Okamoto, Kamakura 2478533, Japan;
- Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1-1370 Okamoto, Kamakura 2478533, Japan
| | - Markus Wolfien
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Ulmenstrasse 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Shuzo Kobayashi
- Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1-1370 Okamoto, Kamakura 2478533, Japan;
- Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1-1370 Okamoto, Kamakura 2478533, Japan
| | - Gustav Steinhoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1-1370 Okamoto, Kamakura 2478533, Japan
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Lawson KA, Flores AY, Hokenson RE, Ruiz CM, Mahler SV. Nucleus Accumbens Chemogenetic Inhibition Suppresses Amphetamine-Induced Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Male and Female Rats. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1255. [PMID: 34679320 PMCID: PMC8534195 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) related to their affective states, potentially providing information about their subjective experiences during behavioral neuroscience experiments. If so, USVs might provide an important link between invasive animal preclinical studies and human studies in which subjective states can be readily queried. Here, we induced USVs in male and female Long Evans rats using acute amphetamine (2 mg/kg), and asked how reversibly inhibiting nucleus accumbens neurons using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) impacts USV production. We analyzed USV characteristics using "Deepsqueak" software, and manually categorized detected calls into four previously defined subtypes. We found that systemic administration of the DREADD agonist clozapine-n-oxide, relative to vehicle in the same rats, suppressed the number of frequency-modulated and trill-containing USVs without impacting high frequency, unmodulated (flat) USVs, nor the small number of low-frequency USVs observed. Using chemogenetics, these results thus confirm that nucleus accumbens neurons are essential for production of amphetamine-induced frequency-modulated USVs. They also support the premise of further investigating the characteristics and subcategories of these calls as a window into the subjective effects of neural manipulations, with potential future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen V. Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine. 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (K.A.L.); (A.Y.F.); (R.E.H.); (C.M.R.)
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11
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Vermeulen M, Smith K, Eremin K, Rayner G, Walton M. Application of Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) in spectral imaging of artworks. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119547. [PMID: 33588368 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the potential of Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) as an alternative tool to t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) for the reduction and visualization of visible spectral images of works of art. We investigate the influence of UMAP parameters-such as, correlation distance, minimum embedding distance, as well as number of embedding neighbors- on the reduction and visualization of spectral images collected from Poèmes Barbares (1896), a major work by the French artist Paul Gauguin in the collection of the Harvard Art Museums. The use of a cosine distance metric and number of neighbors equal to 10 preserves both the local and global structure of the Gauguin dataset in a reduced two-dimensional embedding space thus yielding simple and clear groupings of the pigments used by the artist. The centroids of these groups were identified by locating the densest regions within the UMAP embedding through a 2D histogram peak finding algorithm. These centroids were subsequently fit to the dataset by non-negative least square thus forming maps of pigments distributed across the work of art studied. All findings were correlated to macro XRF imaging analyses carried out on the same painting. The described procedure for reduction and visualization of spectral images of a work of art is quick, easy to implement, and the software is opensource thus promising an improved strategy for interrogating reflectance images from complex works of art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vermeulen
- Northwestern University / Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Kate Smith
- Harvard Art Museums, Straus Center for Conservation and Technical Studies, 32 Quincy St, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Katherine Eremin
- Harvard Art Museums, Straus Center for Conservation and Technical Studies, 32 Quincy St, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Georgina Rayner
- Harvard Art Museums, Straus Center for Conservation and Technical Studies, 32 Quincy St, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marc Walton
- Northwestern University / Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, United States.
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Unsupervised Learning to Subphenotype Heart Failure Patients from Electronic Health Records. Artif Intell Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77211-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Artificial intelligence to predict clinical disability in patients with multiple sclerosis using FLAIR MRI. Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 101:795-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fagherazzi G. Deep Digital Phenotyping and Digital Twins for Precision Health: Time to Dig Deeper. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16770. [PMID: 32130138 PMCID: PMC7078624 DOI: 10.2196/16770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This viewpoint describes the urgent need for more large-scale, deep digital phenotyping to advance toward precision health. It describes why and how to combine real-world digital data with clinical data and omics features to identify someone’s digital twin, and how to finally enter the era of patient-centered care and modify the way we view disease management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Fagherazzi
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Population Health, Digital Epidemiology Hub, Strassen, Luxembourg
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