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Li JJ, Sa RL, Zhang Y, Yan ZL. Evaluating new biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy: Role of α2-macroglobulin, podocalyxin, α-L-fucosidase, retinol-binding protein-4, and cystatin C. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1212-1225. [PMID: 38983807 PMCID: PMC11229980 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intricate relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) presents a challenge in understanding the significance of various biomarkers in diagnosis. AIM To elucidate the roles and diagnostic values of α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG), podocalyxin (PCX), α-L-fucosidase (AFU), retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), and cystatin C (CysC) in DN. METHODS From December 2018 to December 2020, 203 T2DM patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 115 were diagnosed with DN (115 patients), while the remaining 88 patients were classified as non-DN. The urinary levels of α2-MG, PCX, and AFU and the serum concentrations RBP-4 and CysC were measured in conjunction with other relevant clinical indicators to evaluate their potential correlations and diagnostic utility. RESULTS After adjustments for age and gender, significant positive correlations were observed between the biomarkers CysC, RBP-4, α2-MG/urinary creatinine (UCr), PCX/UCr, and AFU/UCr, and clinical indicators such as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), serum creatinine, urea, 24-h total urine protein, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Conversely, these biomarkers exhibited negative correlations with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis further demonstrated the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers, with UACR showcasing the highest area under the ROC curve (AUCROC) at 0.97. CONCLUSION This study underscores the diagnostic significance of α2-MG, PCX, and AFU in the development of DN. The biomarkers RBP-4, CysC, PCX, AFU, and α2-MG provide promising diagnostic insights, while UACR is the most potent diagnostic biomarker in assessing DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ru-La Sa
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhao-Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Ferenc K, Marcinkowski M, Olszewski J, Kowalczyk P, Pilžys T, Garbicz D, Dib N, Świderska B, Matyba P, Gajewski Z, Grzesiuk E, Zabielski R. The proteomic profile is altered but not repaired after bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10235. [PMID: 38702370 PMCID: PMC11068747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To reveal the sources of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans, animal models, mainly rodents, have been used. Here, we propose a pig model of T2D. Weaned piglets were fed high fat/high sugar diet suppling 150% of metabolizable energy. Measurements of weight gain, blood morphology, glucose plasma levels, cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) were employed to observe T2D development. The histology and mass spectrometry analyses were made post mortem. Within 6 months, the high fat-high sugar (HFHS) fed pigs showed gradual and significant increase in plasma triglycerides and glucose levels in comparison to the controls. Using OGTT test, we found stable glucose intolerance in 10 out of 14 HFHS pigs. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated significant changes in 330 proteins in the intestine, liver, and pancreas of the HFHS pigs. These pigs showed also an increase in DNA base modifications and elevated level of the ALKBH proteins in the tissues. Six diabetic HFHS pigs underwent Scopinaro bariatric surgery restoring glycaemia one month after surgery. In conclusion, a high energy diet applied to piglets resulted in the development of hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and type 2 diabetes being reversed by a bariatric procedure, excluding the proteomic profile utill one month after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferenc
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Marcinkowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Olszewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Tomaš Pilžys
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research, W.K. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Naser Dib
- European Health Centre Otwock (ECZ Otwock), The Fryderyk Chopin Hospital, Borowa 14/18, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Bianka Świderska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Matyba
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Gajewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland.
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Le Tran N, Wang Y, Bilandzic M, Stephens A, Nie G. Podocalyxin promotes the formation of compact and chemoresistant cancer spheroids in high grade serous carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7539. [PMID: 38553472 PMCID: PMC10980795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
High grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) metastasises primarily intraperitoneally via cancer spheroids. Podocalyxin (PODXL), an anti-adhesive transmembrane protein, has been reported to promote cancer survival against chemotherapy, however its role in HGSC chemoresistance is unclear. This study investigated whether PODXL plays a role in promoting chemoresistance of HGSC spheroids. We first showed that PODXL was expressed variably in HGSC patient tissues (n = 17) as well as in ovarian cancer cell lines (n = 28) that are more likely categorised as HGSC. We next demonstrated that PODXL-knockout (KO) cells proliferated more slowly, formed less compact spheroids and were more fragile than control cells. Furthermore, when treated with carboplatin and examined for post-treatment recovery, PODXL-KO spheroids showed significantly poorer cell viability, lower number of live cells, and less Ki-67 staining than controls. A similar trend was also observed in ascites-derived primary HGSC cells (n = 6)-spheroids expressing lower PODXL formed looser spheroids, were more vulnerable to fragmentation and more sensitive to carboplatin than spheroids with higher PODXL. Our studies thus suggests that PODXL plays an important role in promoting the formation of compact/hardy HGSC spheroids which are more resilient to chemotherapy drugs; these characteristics may contribute to the chemoresistant nature of HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Le Tran
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Yao Wang
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Guiying Nie
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Dekker PM, Boeren S, Saccenti E, Hettinga KA. Network analysis of the proteome and peptidome sheds light on human milk as a biological system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7569. [PMID: 38555284 PMCID: PMC10981717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides found in human milk have bioactive potential to benefit the newborn and support healthy development. Research has been carried out on the health benefits of proteins and peptides, but many questions still need to be answered about the nature of these components, how they are formed, and how they end up in the milk. This study explored and elucidated the complexity of the human milk proteome and peptidome. Proteins and peptides were analyzed with non-targeted nanoLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS in a selection of 297 milk samples from the CHILD Cohort Study. Protein and peptide abundances were determined, and a network was inferred using Gaussian graphical modeling (GGM), allowing an investigation of direct associations. This study showed that signatures of (1) specific mechanisms of transport of different groups of proteins, (2) proteolytic degradation by proteases and aminopeptidases, and (3) coagulation and complement activation are present in human milk. These results show the value of an integrated approach in evaluating large-scale omics data sets and provide valuable information for studies that aim to associate protein or peptide profiles from biofluids such as milk with specific physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter M Dekker
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper A Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands.
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Zhuo D, Mei Y, Lin C, Wu A, Luo Y, Lu H, Fu J. Nudifloside, a Secoiridoid Glucoside Derived from Callicarpa nudiflora, Inhibits Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Endothelial Cells by Suppressing Ezrin Phosphorylation. J Cancer 2024; 15:2448-2459. [PMID: 38577590 PMCID: PMC10988308 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Callicarpa nudiflora is a traditional folk medicine in China used for eliminating stasis to subdue swelling. Several compounds from Callicarpa nudiflora have been proved to show anti-inflammatory, haemostasis, hepatitis, and anti-proliferative effects. Tumor endothelial cells play crucial roles in tumor-induced angiogenesis. Recently, it was demonstrated that ECs may be the important source of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). In this study, we evaluated the effects of nudifloside (NDF), a secoiridoid glucoside from Callicarpa Nudiflora, on TGF-β1-induced EndoMT and VEGF-induced angiogenesis, and the underlying mechanisms were also involved. It was found that NDF significantly inhibited enhanced migration, invasion and F-actin assembly in endothelial cells (ECs) exposed in TGF-β1. NDF obviously reversed expression of several biomarkers associated with EndoMT and recovered the morphological characteristics of ECs and tube-like structure induced by TGF-β1. Furthermore, treatment of NDF resulted in a significant destruction of VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. Data from co-immunoprecipitation assay provided the evidence that Ezrin phosphorylation and the interaction with binding protein can be inhibited by NDF, which can be confirmed by data from Ezrin silencing assay. Collectively, the application of NDF inhibited TGF-β1-induced EndoMT and VEGF-induced angiogenesis in ECs by reducing Ezrin phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Zhuo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yinlong Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aizhi Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Network and Educational Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jianjiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, China
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Gençoğlu Ş. Circulating Podocalyxin, Tumstatin/Col-IVα3 and Chitinase 1: New Culprits in Vitiligo Occurrence. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1401a95. [PMID: 38236996 PMCID: PMC10868821 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1401a95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The roles of anti-adhesive podocalyxin (PODXL), anti-angiogenetic tumstatin/ Col-IVα3 and neuro-inflammation and innate immunity modulator Chitinase 1 (CHIT-1) in the etiology of vitiligo have not been studied yet. OBJECTIVES This study was planned to detect changes in serum PODXL, tumstatin/Col-IVα3 and CHIT1 levels in vitiligo patients. METHODS This case-controlled study was performed on a total of 50 patients, 25 with vitiligo and 25 healthy controls. Participants in the vitiligo and control groups were matched in pairs for age and sex. At least 8-10 hours of overnight fasting, venous blood samples were taken from the participants in both groups and serum levels of podocalyxin, tumstatin/Col-IVα3 and CHIT 1 levels were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS In the classification made according to the vitiligo European Task Force evaluation criteria, 18 of 25 vitiligo patients were in the slowly progressive phase and 7 patients were in the active progressive phase. Serum podocalyxin levels increased significantly in the vitiligo group compared to the controls (7.03±2.09 ng/ml vs. 4.99±1.20 ng/ml, p<0.02). However, serum tumstatin levels in vitiligo patients showed a significantly lower course compared to controls (4.88±1.76 ng/ml vs. 6.05±2.19 ng/nl, p<0.03). Serum CHIT-1 levels of vitiligo patients (42.4±7.22 ng/ml) were found to be significantly higher than the serum levels of the control group (34.5±5.33 ng/ml) (p<0.01). CONCLUSION High podocalyxin and CHIT1versus low tumstatin levels are new biomarkers that support the role of anti-adhesive, anti-angiogenic and neuroinflammatory pathways in the formation of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Gençoğlu
- Department of Dermatology, Gozde Academy Hospitals, Malatya, Turkey
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7
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Brassard J, Hughes MR, Dean P, Hernaez DC, Thornton S, Banville AC, Smazynski J, Warren M, Zhang K, Milne K, Gilks CB, Mes-Masson AM, Huntsman DG, Nelson BH, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. A tumor-restricted glycoform of podocalyxin is a highly selective marker of immunologically cold high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1286754. [PMID: 38188285 PMCID: PMC10771318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1286754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeted-immunotherapies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells or bispecific T-cell engagers (eg, BiTE®) all aim to improve cancer treatment by directly targeting cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. Success of these therapies requires tumor antigens that are abundantly expressed and, ideally, tumor specific. The CD34-related stem cell sialomucin, podocalyxin (PODXL), is a promising target as it is overexpressed on a variety of tumor types and its expression is consistently linked to poor prognosis. However, PODXL is also expressed in healthy tissues including kidney podocytes and endothelia. To circumvent this potential pitfall, we developed an antibody, named PODO447, that selectively targets a tumor-associated glycoform of PODXL. This tumor glycoepitope is expressed by 65% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) tumors. Methods In this study we characterize these PODO447-expressing tumors as a distinct subset of HGSOC using four different patient cohorts that include pre-chemotherapy, post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and relapsing tumors as well as tumors from various peritoneal locations. Results We find that the PODO447 epitope expression is similar across tumor locations and negligibly impacted by chemotherapy. Invariably, tumors with high levels of the PODO447 epitope lack infiltrating CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells/plasma cells, an immune phenotype consistently associated with poor outcome. Discussion We conclude that the PODO447 glycoepitope is an excellent biomarker of immune "cold" tumors and a candidate for the development of targeted-therapies for these hard-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyanne Brassard
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shelby Thornton
- Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Mary Warren
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin Zhang
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Katy Milne
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - C. Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Calvin D. Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. A Cancer-Specific Monoclonal Antibody against Podocalyxin Exerted Antitumor Activities in Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:161. [PMID: 38203331 PMCID: PMC10779310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PODXL) overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in various tumors. PODXL is involved in tumor malignant progression through the promotion of invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, PODXL is considered a promising target of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy. However, PODXL also plays an essential role in normal cells, such as vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. Therefore, cancer specificity or selectivity is required to reduce adverse effects on normal cells. Here, we developed an anti-PODXL cancer-specific mAb (CasMab), PcMab-6 (IgG1, kappa), by immunizing mice with a soluble PODXL ectodomain derived from a glioblastoma LN229 cell. PcMab-6 reacted with the PODXL-positive LN229 cells but not with PODXL-knockout LN229 cells in flow cytometry. Importantly, PcMab-6 recognized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, Capan-2, and PK-45H) but did not react with normal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In contrast, one of the non-CasMabs, PcMab-47, showed high reactivity to both the PDAC cell lines and LECs. Next, we engineered PcMab-6 into a mouse IgG2a-type (PcMab-6-mG2a) and a humanized IgG1-type (humPcMab-6) mAb and further produced the core fucose-deficient types (PcMab-6-mG2a-f and humPcMab-6-f, respectively) to potentiate the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Both PcMab-6-mG2a-f and humPcMab-6-f exerted ADCC and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the presence of effector cells and complements, respectively. In the PDAC xenograft model, both PcMab-6-mG2a-f and humPcMab-6-f exhibited potent antitumor effects. These results indicated that humPcMab-6-f could apply to antibody-based therapy against PODXL-expressing pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi 410-0301, Japan;
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Pathak Z, Jadav T, Roy A, Chopra M, Singh N, Sengupta P, Kumar H. Maresin-1 prevents blood-spinal cord barrier disruption associated with TRPV4 elevation in the experimental model of spinal cord injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159395. [PMID: 37729963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the TRPV4 ion channel activation and its association with secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). TRPV4 activation is linked with blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, endothelial damage, and inflammation after SCI. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) are endogenous lipid mediators released for inflammation resolution. Studies suggest that SPM could act as an endogenous antagonist of ion channels directly or indirectly at the plasma membrane. Herein, we studied the effect of maresin-1, a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived SPM, in SCI-induced TRPV4 expression and subsequent associated damage. First, employing a particular agonist (4αPDD) in endothelial and neuronal cell lines, we examined the potential of maresin-1 to block TRPV4 activation. Then we quantify the DHA levels in plasma and epicenter of the spinal cord in sham and at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28-days post-injury (DPI) using LC-MS. Then, we exogenously administered maresin-1 using two dosing regimens i.e., single-dose (1 μg) and multiple-dose (1 μg/day for seven days), to confirm its role in the TRPV4 inhibition and its linked damage. After SCI, DHA levels decrease in the spinal cord epicenter area as well as in the plasma. Treatment with maresin-1 attenuates TRPV4 expression, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines and impedes neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, treatment with maresin-1 prevents BSCB disruption, alleviates glial scar formation, and improves functional recovery. Thus, our results suggest that maresin-1 could modulate TRPV4 expression and could be a safe and promising approach to target inflammation and BSCB damage after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarna Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Tarang Jadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manjeet Chopra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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Wang Y, Popovic Z, Charkoftaki G, Garcia-Milian R, Lam TT, Thompson DC, Chen Y, Vasiliou V. Multi-omics profiling reveals cellular pathways and functions regulated by ALDH1B1 in colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110714. [PMID: 37716420 PMCID: PMC10807983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Although early screenings and advances in treatments have reduced mortality since 1970, identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention is needed to address tumor heterogeneity and recurrence. Previous work identified aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) as a critical factor in colon tumorigenesis. To investigate further, we utilized a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (SW480) in which the ALDH1B1 protein expression has been knocked down by 80% via shRNA. Through multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and untargeted metabolomics) analysis, we identified the impact of ALDH1B1 knocking down (KD) on molecular signatures in colon cancer cells. Suppression of ALDH1B1 expression resulted in 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 191 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 891 differentially altered metabolites (DAMs). Functional annotation and enrichment analyses revealed that: (1) DEGs were enriched in integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling and growth and development pathways; (2) DEPs were mainly involved in apoptosis signaling and cellular stress response pathways; and (3) DAMs were associated with biosynthesis, intercellular and second messenger signaling. Collectively, the present study provides new molecular information associated with the cellular functions of ALDH1B1, which helps to direct future investigation of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeljka Popovic
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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11
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Kang K, Wu Y, Han C, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhao A. Homologous recombination deficiency in triple-negative breast cancer: Multi-scale transcriptomics reveals distinct tumor microenvironments and limitations in predicting immunotherapy response. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106836. [PMID: 37031511 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and has the highest proportion of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). HRD has been considered a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but the reality is more complicated. A comprehensive comparison of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HRD and non-HRD TNBC samples may be helpful. METHODS Datasets from single-cell, spatial, and bulk RNA-sequencing were collected to explore the role of HRD in the development of TME at multiple scales. Based on the findings in the TME, machine learning algorithms were used to construct a response prediction model in eleven ICI therapy cohorts. RESULTS A more exhausted phenotype of T cells and a more tolerogenic phenotype of dendritic cells were found in the non-HRD group. HRD reprograms the predominant phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from myofibroblastic CAFs to inflammatory-like CAFs. As interactions between myofibroblastic CAFs and other cells, DPP4-chemokines associated with reduced immune cell recruitment were unique in the non-HRD group. The prediction model based on DPP4-related genes had acceptable performance in predicting response, prognosis, and immune cell content. Higher HRD scores in bulk RNA-sequencing samples indicated more activated immune cell function, but not higher immune cell content, which may be affected by factors such as antigen-presenting capacity. CONCLUSIONS Based on multi-scale transcriptomics, our findings comprehensively reveal differences in the TME between HRD and non-HRD samples. Combining HRD with the prediction model or other methods for assessing immune cell content, may better predict response to ICIs in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijun Wu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Han
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhile Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ailin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Román-Fernández A, Mansour MA, Kugeratski FG, Anand J, Sandilands E, Galbraith L, Rakovic K, Freckmann EC, Cumming EM, Park J, Nikolatou K, Lilla S, Shaw R, Strachan D, Mason S, Patel R, McGarry L, Katoch A, Campbell KJ, Nixon C, Miller CJ, Leung HY, Le Quesne J, Norman JC, Zanivan S, Blyth K, Bryant DM. Spatial regulation of the glycocalyx component podocalyxin is a switch for prometastatic function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq1858. [PMID: 36735782 PMCID: PMC9897673 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx component and sialomucin podocalyxin (PODXL) is required for normal tissue development by promoting apical membranes to form between cells, triggering lumen formation. Elevated PODXL expression is also associated with metastasis and poor clinical outcome in multiple tumor types. How PODXL presents this duality in effect remains unknown. We identify an unexpected function of PODXL as a decoy receptor for galectin-3 (GAL3), whereby the PODXL-GAL3 interaction releases GAL3 repression of integrin-based invasion. Differential cortical targeting of PODXL, regulated by ubiquitination, is the molecular mechanism controlling alternate fates. Both PODXL high and low surface levels occur in parallel subpopulations within cancer cells. Orthotopic intraprostatic xenograft of PODXL-manipulated cells or those with different surface levels of PODXL define that this axis controls metastasis in vivo. Clinically, interplay between PODXL-GAL3 stratifies prostate cancer patients with poor outcome. Our studies define the molecular mechanisms and context in which PODXL promotes invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Román-Fernández
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mohammed A. Mansour
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Cancer Biology and Therapy Lab, Division of Human Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Fernanda G. Kugeratski
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | | | - Emma Sandilands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Kai Rakovic
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Eva C. Freckmann
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Erin M. Cumming
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ji Park
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Konstantina Nikolatou
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Susan Mason
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | | | - Archana Katoch
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Colin Nixon
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Crispin J. Miller
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Hing Y. Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - John Le Quesne
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - James C. Norman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David M. Bryant
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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13
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Wu Y, Kang K, Han C, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhao A. Single-Cell Profiling Comparisons of Tumor Microenvironment between Primary Advanced Lung Adenocarcinomas and Brain Metastases and Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Immunotherapeutic Responses. Biomolecules 2023; 13:185. [PMID: 36671569 PMCID: PMC9855438 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) occurs commonly in patients with lung adenocarcinomas. Limited evidence indicates safety and efficacy of immunotherapy for this metastatic tumor, though immune checkpoint blockade has become the front-line treatment for primary advanced non-small cell lung cancer. We aim to comprehensively compare tumor microenvironments (TME) between primary tumors (PT) and BM at single-cell resolution. Single-cell RNA transcriptomics from tumor samples of PT (N = 23) and BM (N = 16) and bulk sequencing data were analyzed to explore potential differences in immunotherapeutic efficacy between PT and BM of lung adenocarcinomas. Multiple machine learning algorithms were used to develop and validate models that predict responses to immunotherapy using the external cohorts. We found obviously less infiltration of immune cells in BM than PT, characterized specifically by deletion of anti-cancer CD8+ Trm cells and more dysfunctional CD8+ Tem cells in BM tumors. Meanwhile, macrophages and dendritic cells within BM demonstrated more pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory effects, represented by distinct distribution and function of SPP1+ and C1Qs+ tumor-associated microphages, and inhibited antigen presentation capacity and HLA-I gene expression, respectively. Besides, we also found the lack of inflammatory-like CAFs and enrichment of pericytes within BM tumors, which may be critical factors in shaping inhibitory TME. Cell communication analysis further revealed mechanisms of the immunosuppressive effects associated with the activation of some unfavorable pathways, such as TGFβ signaling, highlighting the important roles of stromal cells in the anti-inflammatory microenvironment, especially specific pericytes. Furthermore, pericyte-related genes were identified to optimally predict immunotherapeutic responses by machine learning models with great predictive performance. Overall, various factors contribute to the immunosuppressive TME within BM tumors, represented by the lack of critical anti-cancer immune cells. Meanwhile, pericytes may help shape the TME and targeting the associated mechanisms may enhance immunotherapy efficacy for BM tumors in patients with lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, and Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, and Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhile Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ailin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Fu T, Chan TW, Bahn JH, Kim TH, Rowat AC, Xiao X. Multifaceted role of RNA editing in promoting loss-of-function of PODXL in cancer. iScience 2022; 25:104836. [PMID: 35992085 PMCID: PMC9382340 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PODXL, a protein that is dysregulated in multiple cancers, plays an important role in promoting cancer metastasis. In this study, we report that RNA editing promotes the inclusion of a PODXL alternative exon. The resulting edited PODXL long isoform is more prone to protease digestion and has the strongest effects on reducing cell migration and cisplatin chemoresistance among the three PODXL isoforms (short, unedited long, and edited long isoforms). Importantly, the editing level of the PODXL recoding site and the inclusion level of the PODXL alternative exon are strongly associated with overall patient survival in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC). Supported by significant enrichment of exonic RNA editing sites in alternatively spliced exons, we hypothesize that exonic RNA editing sites may enhance proteomic diversity through alternative splicing, in addition to amino acid changes, a previously under-appreciated aspect of RNA editing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fu
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tracey W. Chan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Bahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amy C. Rowat
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xinshu Xiao
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Amo L, Díez-García J, Tamayo-Orbegozo E, Maruri N, Larrucea S. Podocalyxin Expressed in Antigen Presenting Cells Promotes Interaction With T Cells and Alters Centrosome Translocation to the Contact Site. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835527. [PMID: 35711462 PMCID: PMC9197222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PODXL), a cell surface sialomucin expressed in diverse types of normal and malignant cells, mediates cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell interaction. A previous study reported the expression of PODXL protein on monocytes undergoing macrophage differentiation, yet the expression of this molecule in other antigen presenting cells (APCs) and its function in the immune system still remain undetermined. In this study, we report that PODXL is expressed in human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. Following dendritric cells maturation using pro-inflammatory stimuli, PODXL expression level decreased substantially. Furthermore, we found that PODXL expression is positively regulated by IL-4 through MEK/ERK and JAK3/STAT6 signaling pathways. Our results revealed a polarized distribution of PODXL during the interaction of APCs with CD4+ T cells, partially colocalizing with F-actin. Notably, PODXL overexpression in APCs promoted their interaction with CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells and decreased the expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, and the costimulatory molecule CD86. In addition, PODXL reduced the translocation of CD4+ T-cell centrosome toward the APC-contact site. These findings suggest a regulatory role for PODXL expressed by APCs in immune responses, thus representing a potential target for therapeutic blockade in infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amo
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier Díez-García
- Microscopy Facility, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Tamayo-Orbegozo
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Natalia Maruri
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Susana Larrucea
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Susana Larrucea,
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16
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Canals Hernaez D, Hughes MR, Li Y, Mainero Rocca I, Dean P, Brassard J, Bell EM, Samudio I, Mes-Masson AM, Narimatsu Y, Clausen H, Blixt O, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. Targeting a Tumor-Specific Epitope on Podocalyxin Increases Survival in Human Tumor Preclinical Models. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856424. [PMID: 35600398 PMCID: PMC9115113 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (Podxl) is a CD34-related cell surface sialomucin that is normally highly expressed by adult vascular endothelia and kidney podocytes where it plays a key role in blocking adhesion. Importantly, it is also frequently upregulated on a wide array of human tumors and its expression often correlates with poor prognosis. We previously showed that, in xenograft studies, Podxl plays a key role in metastatic disease by making tumor initiating cells more mobile and invasive. Recently, we developed a novel antibody, PODO447, which shows exquisite specificity for a tumor-restricted glycoform of Podxl but does not react with Podxl expressed by normal adult tissue. Here we utilized an array of glycosylation defective cell lines to further define the PODO447 reactive epitope and reveal it as an O-linked core 1 glycan presented in the context of the Podxl peptide backbone. Further, we show that when coupled to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) toxic payload, PODO447 functions as a highly specific and effective antibody drug conjugate (ADC) in killing ovarian, pancreatic, glioblastoma and leukemia cell lines in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate PODO447-ADCs are highly effective in targeting human pancreatic and ovarian tumors in xenografted NSG and Nude mouse models. These data reveal PODO447-ADCs as exquisitely tumor-specific and highly efficacious immunotherapeutic reagents for the targeting of human tumors. Thus, PODO447 exhibits the appropriate characteristics for further development as a targeted clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yicong Li
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ilaria Mainero Rocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julyanne Brassard
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin M Bell
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ismael Samudio
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Thach B, Samarajeewa N, Li Y, Heng S, Tsai T, Pangestu M, Catt S, Nie G. Podocalyxin molecular characteristics and endometrial expression: high conservation between humans and macaques but divergence in mice†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1143-1158. [PMID: 35284933 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a newly identified key negative regulator of human endometrial receptivity, specifically down-regulated in the luminal epithelium at receptivity to permit embryo implantation. Here, we bioinformatically compared the molecular characteristics of PODXL among the human, rhesus macaque and mouse, determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (mouse tissues) whether endometrial PODXL expression is conserved across the three species, and examined if PODXL inhibits mouse embryo attachment in vitro. The PODXL gene, mRNA and protein sequences showed greater similarities between humans and macaques than with mice. In all species, PODXL was expressed in endometrial luminal/glandular epithelia and endothelia. In macaques (n = 9), luminal PODXL was significantly down-regulated when receptivity is developed, consistent with the pattern found in women. At receptivity PODXL was also reduced in shallow glands, whereas endothelial expression was unchanged across the menstrual cycle. In mice, endometrial PODXL did not vary considerably across the estrous cycle (n = 16); however, around embryo attachment on d4.5 of pregnancy (n = 4), luminal PODXL was greatly reduced especially near the site of embryo attachment. Mouse embryos failed to attach or thrive when co-cultured on a monolayer of Ishikawa cells overexpressing PODXL. Thus, endometrial luminal PODXL expression is down-regulated for embryo implantation in all species examined, and PODXL inhibits mouse embryo implantation. Rhesus macaques share greater conservations with humans than mice in PODXL molecular characteristics and regulation, thus represent a better animal model for functional studies of endometrial PODXL for treatment of human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothidah Thach
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Nirukshi Samarajeewa
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Ying Li
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Sophea Heng
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Tesha Tsai
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Mulyoto Pangestu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Sally Catt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Guiying Nie
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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18
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Nagano H, Ogata S, Ito S, Masuda T, Ohtsuki S. Knockdown of podocalyxin post-transcriptionally induces the expression and activity of ABCB1/MDR1 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1812-1819. [PMID: 35182544 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a highly sialylated transmembrane protein that is expressed on the luminal membrane of brain microvascular endothelial cells. To clarify the role of PODXL in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the present study aimed to investigate the effect of PODXL-knockdown on protein expression, especially the expression of ABCB1/MDR1, in human microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). By quantitative proteomics, gene ontology enrichment with differentially expressed proteins showed that PODXL-knockdown influenced the immune response and intracellular trafficking. Among transporters, the protein expression of ABCB1/MDR1 and ABCG2/BCRP was significantly elevated by approximately 2-fold in the PODXL-knockdown cells. In the knockdown cells, the efflux activity of ABCB1/MDR1 was significantly increased, while its mRNA expression was not significantly different from that of the control cells. As receptors and tight junction proteins, levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 and occludin were significantly increased, while those of transferrin receptor and claudin-11 were significantly decreased in the knockdown cells. The present results suggest that PODXL functions as a modulator of BBB function, including transport, tight junctions, and immune responses. Furthermore, PODXL post-transcriptionally regulates the protein expression and efflux activity of ABCB1/MDR1 at the BBB, which may affect drug distribution in the brain.
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Key Words
- Blood-brain barrier, brain microvascular endothelial cells, ABCB1, MDR1, podocalyxin, proteomics, regulation, List of Abbreviations, BMECs
- Bood-brain barrier, HFD
- Brain microvascular endothelial cells, BBB
- Control hCMEC/D3 cells, shPODXL
- High-fat diet, LRP1
- Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, MS
- Mass spectrometry, PODXL
- PODXL-knockdown hCMEC/D3 cells, SEM
- Podocalyxin, shNT
- Standard error of the mean, TFRC
- Transferrin receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Nagano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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