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Dreyzin A, Rankin AW, Luciani K, Gavrilova T, Shah NN. Overcoming the challenges of primary resistance and relapse after CAR-T cell therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:745-763. [PMID: 38739466 PMCID: PMC11180598 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2349738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While CAR T-cell therapy has led to remarkable responses in relapsed B-cell hematologic malignancies, only 50% of patients ultimately have a complete, sustained response. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance and relapse after CAR T-cell therapy is crucial to future development and improving outcomes. AREAS COVERED We review reasons for both primary resistance and relapse after CAR T-cell therapies. Reasons for primary failure include CAR T-cell manufacturing problems, suboptimal fitness of autologous T-cells themselves, and intrinsic features of the underlying cancer and tumor microenvironment. Relapse after initial response to CAR T-cell therapy may be antigen-positive, due to CAR T-cell exhaustion or limited persistence, or antigen-negative, due to antigen-modulation on the target cells. Finally, we discuss ongoing efforts to overcome resistance to CAR T-cell therapy with enhanced CAR constructs, manufacturing methods, alternate cell types, combinatorial strategies, and optimization of both pre-infusion conditioning regimens and post-infusion consolidative strategies. EXPERT OPINION There is a continued need for novel approaches to CAR T-cell therapy for both hematologic and solid malignancies to obtain sustained remissions. Opportunities for improvement include development of new targets, optimally combining existing CAR T-cell therapies, and defining the role for adjunctive immune modulators and stem cell transplant in enhancing long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dreyzin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alexander W Rankin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katia Luciani
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Nirali N Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Kaito Y, Imai Y. Evolution of natural killer cell-targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2024:10.1007/s12185-024-03778-0. [PMID: 38693419 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In hematologic oncology, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presents a significant challenge due to its complex genetic landscape and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite advances in treatment, including intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the prognosis for many patients with AML remains poor. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to improve outcomes by augmenting existing treatments. Natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of innate lymphoid cells, have garnered attention for their potent cytotoxic capabilities against AML cells. In this review, we discuss the role of NK cells in AML immunosurveillance, their dysregulation in patients with AML, and various therapeutic strategies leveraging NK cells in AML treatment. We explore the challenges and prospects associated with NK cell therapy, including approaches to enhance NK cell function, overcome immune evasion mechanisms, and optimize treatment efficacy. Finally, we emphasize the importance of further research to validate and refine patient-first NK cell-based immunotherapies for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kaito
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Imai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Porada C, Kuhlman B, Diaz J, Simon T, Reaves K, Walker S, Atala A, Almeida-Porada G. Simulated Microgravity Impairs Human NK Cell Cytotoxic Activity Against Space Radiation-Relevant Leukemic Cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3972868. [PMID: 38746365 PMCID: PMC11092860 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3972868/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors of the innate immune system. Unlike T cells, NK cells do not require antigen-priming, making them an important first-line of defense against malignant cells. Because of the potential for increased cancer risk as a result of astronaut exposure to space radiation, we performed studies to determine whether conditions of microgravity present during spaceflight affects the body's natural defenses against leukemogenesis. Human NK cells were cultured for 48 hours under normal gravity and simulated microgravity (sµG), and cytotoxicity against K-562 (CML) and MOLT-4 (T-ALL) cell lines was measured using standard methodology or under continuous conditions of sµG. Even this brief exposure to sµG markedly reduced NK cytotoxicity against both leukemic cells using standard assay procedures, and these deleterious effects were even more pronounced in continuous sµG. RNA-seq performed on NK cells from two healthy donors provided insight into the mechanism(s) by which sµG reduced cytotoxicity. Given our prior report that human HSC exposed to simulated space radiation gave rise to T-ALL in vivo , the reduced cytotoxicity against MOLT-4 is striking and raises the possibility that µG may add to astronaut risk of leukemogenesis during prolonged missions beyond LEO.
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Liu W, Zhu M, Li G, Xi Y. The KIR2DL family serves as prognostic biomarkers and correlates with immune infiltrates in acute myeloid leukaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18256. [PMID: 38527290 PMCID: PMC10963068 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a prevalent haematological malignancy in which various immune and stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment have instrumental roles and substantially influence its progression. KIR2DL is a member of the immunoglobulin-like receptor family and a natural killer (NK) cell surface-specific receptor. However, its impact on immune infiltration regarding AML has not been addressed. We aimed to explore molecular markers associated with the immune microenvironment and prognosis of AML with a particular focus on KIR2DL family members. Analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases revealed that KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL4 expression were significantly upregulated in AML and associated with decreased overall survival (OS). Moreover, univariate Cox analysis implicated KIR2DL genes as independent prognostic markers of OS. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that KIR2DL genes were associated with immune cells, the immune microenvironment and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Additionally, immune infiltration analyses revealed that KIR2DL upregulation was associated with stronger immune infiltration. Finally, we performed drug sensitivity profiling of KIR2DL genes using the Cellminer database. Collectively, our findings suggest that KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL4 have critical roles in AML and may represent novel biomarker genes for disease prognosis and immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai UniversityXiningChina
| | - Ganggang Li
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai ProvinceXiningChina
| | - Yaming Xi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of HematologyThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Lunn-Halbert MC, Laszlo GS, Erraiss S, Orr MT, Jessup HK, Thomas HJ, Chan H, Jahromi MA, Lloyd J, Cheung AF, Chang GP, Dichwalkar T, Fallon D, Grinberg A, Rodríguez-Arbolí E, Lim SYT, Kehret AR, Huo J, Cole FM, Scharffenberger SC, Walter RB. Preclinical Characterization of the Anti-Leukemia Activity of the CD33/CD16a/NKG2D Immune-Modulating TriNKET ® CC-96191. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:877. [PMID: 38473239 PMCID: PMC10931532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing efforts are focusing on natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapies for AML. Here, we characterized CC-96191, a novel CD33/CD16a/NKG2D immune-modulating TriNKET®. CC-96191 simultaneously binds CD33, NKG2D, and CD16a, with NKG2D and CD16a co-engagement increasing the avidity for, and activation of, NK cells. CC-96191 was broadly active against human leukemia cells in a strictly CD33-dependent manner, with maximal efficacy requiring the co-engagement of CD16a and NKG2D. A frequent CD33 single nucleotide polymorphism, R69G, reduced CC-96191 potency but not maximal activity, likely because of reduced CD33 binding. Similarly, the potency, but not the maximal activity, of CC-96191 was reduced by high concentrations of soluble CD33; in contrast, the soluble form of the NKG2D ligand MICA did not impact activity. In the presence of CD33+ AML cells, CC-96191 activated NK cells but not T cells; while maximum anti-AML efficacy was similar, soluble cytokine levels were 10- to >100-fold lower than with a CD33/CD3 bispecific antibody. While CC-96191-mediated cytolysis was not affected by ABC transporter proteins, it was reduced by anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. Finally, in patient marrow specimens, CC-96191 eliminated AML cells but not normal monocytes, suggesting selectivity of TriNKET-induced cytotoxicity toward neoplastic cells. Together, these findings support the clinical exploration of CC-96191 as in NCT04789655.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C. Lunn-Halbert
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - George S. Laszlo
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah Erraiss
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mark T. Orr
- Immuno-Oncology Cellular Therapy Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heidi K. Jessup
- Immuno-Oncology Cellular Therapy Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heather J. Thomas
- Immuno-Oncology Cellular Therapy Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Henry Chan
- Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Arbolí
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/CSIC/CIBERONC), University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Sheryl Y. T. Lim
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Allie R. Kehret
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jenny Huo
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Frances M. Cole
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Samuel C. Scharffenberger
- Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease (M3D) Ph.D. Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Roland B. Walter
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Parvini N, Akbari ME, Hamidieh AA, Fathi F, Amini AA, Ebrahimi M, Vahabzadeh Z. CTLA-4 Blockade of Natural Killer Cells Increases Cytotoxicity against Acute Lymphoid Leukaemia Cells Neda. CELL JOURNAL 2024; 26:150-157. [PMID: 38459732 PMCID: PMC10924838 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2024.2015187.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is interest in using cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) immunotherapy to treat blood cancers. Unfortunately, patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) frequently exhibit resistance to treatment and natural killer (NK) cell exhaustion. This study aims to increase the cytotoxic potency of natural killer cells by using CTLA-4 to block the Nalm-6 leukaemia cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, NK cells were purified from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 10 healthy people and assessed by flow cytometry for purity and viability. The purified cells were activated overnight at 37°C and 5% CO2 with interleukin-15 (IL-15, 10 ng/ml) followed by evaluation of expressions of CTLA-4, activating and inhibitory receptors, and the release of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and granzyme B (GZM B). CTLA-4 expression on NK cells from recurrent ALL patients was also evaluated. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of NK cells was assessed after the CTLA-4 blockade. RESULTS The purity of the isolated cells was 96.58 ± 2.57%. Isolated NK cells activated with IL-15 resulted in significantly higher CTLA-4 expression (8.75%, P<0.05). Similarly, CTLA-4 expression on the surface of NK cells from patients with ALL was higher (7.46%) compared to healthy individuals (1.46%, P<0.05). IL-15 reduced NKG2A expression (P<0.01), and increased expressions of NKP30 (P<0.05) and NKP46 (P<0.01). The activated NK cells released more IFN-γ (P<0.5) and GZM B (P<0.01) compared to unactivated NK cells. Blockade of CTLA-4 enhanced the NK cell killing potential against Nalm-6 cells (56.3%, P<0.05); however, IFN-γ and GZM B levels were not statistically different between the blocked and non-blocked groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CTLA-4 blockage of Nalm-6 cells causes an increase in antitumour activity of NK cells against these cells. Our study also provides evidence for the potential of cancer immunotherapy treatment using blocking anti-CTLA-4 mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Parvini
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cells, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Paediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Amini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cells, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zakaria Vahabzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran .
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Baek IC, Choi EJ, Kim HJ, Choi H, Shin HS, Lim DG, Kim TG. Association of KIR Genes with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in South Koreans. J Clin Med 2024; 13:258. [PMID: 38202265 PMCID: PMC10779705 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a lower respiratory tract disease caused by a beta coronavirus (CoV) called MERS-CoV, characterized by a high mortality rate. We aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variation in killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and the risk of MERS in South Koreans. METHODS KIR genes were genotyped by multiplex polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). A case-control study was performed to identify the odds ratios (OR) of KIR genes for MERS and the association of KIR genes and their ligands, human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genes. RESULTS KIR2DS4D and KIR3DP1F showed higher frequencies in the group of all patients infected with MERS-CoV than in the control group (p = 0.023, OR = 2.4; p = 0.039, OR = 2.7). KIR2DL1, KIR2DP1, and KIR3DP1D were significantly associated with moderate/mild (Mo/Mi) cases. KIR2DL2, KIR2DS1, and KIR3DP1F were affected in severe cases. When we investigated the association between KIR genes and their ligands in MERS patient and control groups, KIR3DL1+/Bw4(80I)+, KIR3DL1+/Bw6+, KIR3DL1+/Bw6-, KIR2DS1+/C2+, and KIR3DS+/Bw4(80I)+ were associated with MERS. KIR3DL1+/Bw6- was found in Mo/Mi cases. KIR2DS1+/C2+ and KIR2DS2+/C1+ were found in severe cases. CONCLUSION Further investigations are needed to prove the various immune responses of MERS-CoV-infected cells according to variations in the KIR gene and ligand gene. A treatment strategy based on current research on the KIR gene and MERS-CoV will suggest potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Cheol Baek
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Eun-Jeong Choi
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyoung-Jae Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Haeyoun Choi
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Shik Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Gyun Lim
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Chen XY, Wen XM, Zhao W, Chu MQ, Gu Y, Huang HH, Yuan Q, Xu ZJ, Qian J, Lin J. ALOX5AP is a new prognostic indicator in acute myeloid leukemia. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:210. [PMID: 37994961 PMCID: PMC10667204 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of ALOX5AP has been observed in many types of cancer and has been identified as an oncogene. However, its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to identify the expression and methylation patterns of ALOX5AP in bone marrow (BM) samples of AML patients, and further explore its clinical significance. METHODS Eighty-two de novo AML patients and 20 healthy donors were included in the study. Meanwhile, seven public datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included to confirm the alteration of ALOX5AP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the discriminative capacity of ALOX5AP expression to discriminate AML. The prognostic value of ALOX5AP was identified by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. It was further validated in four independent cohorts (n = 1186). Significantly different genes associated with ALOX5AP expression were subsequently compared by LinkedOmics, and Metascape database. RESULTS The level of ALOX5AP expression was significantly increased in bone marrow cells of AML patients compared with healthy donors (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis suggested that ALOX5AP expression might be a potential biomarker to discriminate AML from controls. ALOX5AP overexpression was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) in AML according to the TCGA data (P = 0.006), which was validated by other four independent cohorts. DNA methylation levels of ALOX5AP were significantly lower in AML patients compared to normal samples (P < 0.05), as confirmed in the Diseasemeth database and the independent cohort GSE63409. ALOX5AP level was positively associated with genes with proleukemic effects such as PAX2, HOX family, SOX11, H19, and microRNAs that act as oncogenes in leukemia, such as miR125b, miR-93, miR-494, miR-193b, while anti-leukemia-related genes and tumor suppressor microRNAs such as miR-582, miR-9 family and miR-205 were negatively correlated. CONCLUSION ALOX5AP overexpression, associated with its hypomethylation, predicts poorer prognosis in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Chu
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Hui Huang
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Qian
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Mohammadian Gol T, Kim M, Sinn R, Ureña-Bailén G, Stegmeyer S, Gratz PG, Zahedipour F, Roig-Merino A, Antony JS, Mezger M. CRISPR-Cas9-Based Gene Knockout of Immune Checkpoints in Expanded NK Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16065. [PMID: 38003255 PMCID: PMC10671270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy has emerged as a novel treatment modality for various cancer types, including leukemia. The modulation of inhibitory signaling pathways in T cells and NK cells has been the subject of extensive investigation in both preclinical and clinical settings in recent years. Nonetheless, further research is imperative to optimize antileukemic activities, especially regarding NK-cell-based immunotherapies. The central scientific question of this study pertains to the potential for boosting cytotoxicity in expanded and activated NK cells through the inhibition of inhibitory receptors. To address this question, we employed the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target three distinct inhibitory signaling pathways in NK cells. Specifically, we examined the roles of A2AR within the metabolic purinergic signaling pathway, CBLB as an intracellular regulator in NK cells, and the surface receptors NKG2A and CD96 in enhancing the antileukemic efficacy of NK cells. Following the successful expansion of NK cells, they were transfected with Cas9+sgRNA RNP to knockout A2AR, CBLB, NKG2A, and CD96. The analysis of indel frequencies for all four targets revealed good knockout efficiencies in expanded NK cells, resulting in diminished protein expression as confirmed by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Our in vitro killing assays demonstrated that NKG2A and CBLB knockout led to only a marginal improvement in the cytotoxicity of NK cells against AML and B-ALL cells. Furthermore, the antileukemic activity of CD96 knockout NK cells did not yield significant enhancements, and the blockade of A2AR did not result in significant improvement in killing efficiency. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout strategies for immune checkpoints might not be sufficient to efficiently boost the antileukemic functions of expanded (and activated) NK cells and, at the same time, point to the need for strong cellular activating signals, as this can be achieved, for example, via transgenic chimeric antigen receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mohammadian Gol
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ralph Sinn
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guillermo Ureña-Bailén
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Sarah Stegmeyer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Paul Gerhard Gratz
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | | | - Justin S. Antony
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.K.); (P.G.G.); (F.Z.)
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Lange SA, Schliemann C, Engelbertz C, Feld J, Makowski L, Gerß J, Dröge P, Ruhnke T, Günster C, Reinecke H, Köppe J. Survival of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Hematologic Malignancies-A Real-World Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4966. [PMID: 37894332 PMCID: PMC10605274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the encounter between coronary heart disease (CHD) and cancer, and in particular hematologic malignancies (HM), remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this analysis was to clarify how HM affects the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We analyzed German health insurance data from 11 regional Ortskrankenkassen (AOK) of patients hospitalized for ACS between January 2010 and December 2018, matched by age, sex and all comorbidities for short- and long-term survival and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). RESULTS Of 439,716 patients with ACS, 2104 (0.5%) also had an HM. Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorders (27.7%), lymphocytic leukemias (24.8%), and multiple myeloma (22.4%) predominated. These patients were about 6 years older (78 vs. 72 years *). They had an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, 18.2 vs. 34.9% *) less often and more often had a non-STEMI (NSTEMI, 81.8 vs. 65.1% *). With the exception of dyslipidemia, these patients had more concomitant and previous cardiovascular disease and a worse NYHA stage. They were less likely to undergo coronary angiography (65.3 vs. 71.6% *) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, 44.3 vs. 52.0% *), although the number of bleeding events was not relevantly increased (p = 0.22). After adjustment for the patients' risk profile, the HM was associated with reduced long-term survival. However, this was not true for short-term survival. Here, there was no difference in the STEMI patients, * p < 0.001. CONCLUSION Survival in ACS and HM is significantly lower, possibly due to the avoidance of PCI because of a perceived increased risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A. Lange
- Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.E.); (L.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Christiane Engelbertz
- Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.E.); (L.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Jannik Feld
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.F.); (J.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Lena Makowski
- Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.E.); (L.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Joachim Gerß
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.F.); (J.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Patrik Dröge
- AOK Research Institute (WIdO), D-10178 Berlin, Germany; (P.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Thomas Ruhnke
- AOK Research Institute (WIdO), D-10178 Berlin, Germany; (P.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Günster
- AOK Research Institute (WIdO), D-10178 Berlin, Germany; (P.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.E.); (L.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Jeanette Köppe
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.F.); (J.G.); (J.K.)
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11
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Li X, Xu L. Exploring prognostic markers for patients with acute myeloid leukemia based on cuproptosis related genes. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2008-2022. [PMID: 37701119 PMCID: PMC10493802 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a common form of acute leukemia, is due to tumor changes and clonal proliferation caused by genetic variants. Cuproptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death. This study aimed to explore the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in AML. Methods Initially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AML samples and normal samples were obtained by differential analysis, which were further intersected with the cuproptosis score-related genes (CSRGs) acquired by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to obtain cuproptosis score-related differentially expressed genes (CS-DEGs). Then, a risk model was constructed by Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Finally, immune infiltration analysis was performed and the functions and pathways of model genes were explored by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Results Thirty-two CS-DEGs were obtained by overlapping 11,160 DEGs and 132 CSRGs. These 32 CS-DEGs were mainly enriched to cytoplasmic microtubule organization, RNA methylation, mTOR signaling pathway, and notch signaling pathway. Two model genes, PACS2 and NDUFV1, were finally screened for the construction of the risk model. In addition, PACS2 and NDUFV1 were significantly positively correlated with activated B cells, CD56dim natural killer (NK) cells, and negatively correlated with effector memory CD4 T cells and activated CD4 T cells. PACS2 gene was significantly enriched to inositol phosphate metabolism, histone modification, etc. NDUFV1 was mainly enriched to ncRNA metabolic process, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, and other pathways. Conclusions A cuproptosis-related risk model consisting of PACS2 and NDUFV1 was built, which provided a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Hematology, 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lianrong Xu
- Department of Hematology, 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Khelfa M, Leclerc M, Kerbrat S, Boudjemai YNS, Benchouaia M, Neyrinck-Leglantier D, Cagnet L, Berradhia L, Tamagne M, Croisille L, Pirenne F, Maury S, Vingert B. Divergent CD4 + T-cell profiles are associated with anti-HLA alloimmunization status in platelet-transfused AML patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165973. [PMID: 37701444 PMCID: PMC10493329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the commonest hematologic disorders. Due to the high frequency of disease- or treatment-related thrombocytopenia, AML requires treatment with multiple platelet transfusions, which can trigger a humoral response directed against platelets. Some, but not all, AML patients develop an anti-HLA immune response after multiple transfusions. We therefore hypothesized that different immune activation profiles might be associated with anti-HLA alloimmunization status. Methods We tested this hypothesis, by analyzing CD4+ T lymphocyte (TL) subsets and their immune control molecules in flow cytometry and single-cell multi-omics. Results A comparison of immunological status between anti-HLA alloimmunized and non-alloimmunized AML patients identified differences in the phenotype and function of CD4+ TLs. CD4+ TLs from alloimmunized patients displayed features of immune activation, with higher levels of CD40 and OX40 than the cells of healthy donors. However, the most notable differences were observed in non-alloimmunized patients. These patients had lower levels of CD40 and OX40 than alloimmunized patients and higher levels of PD1. Moreover, the Treg compartment of non-alloimmunized patients was larger and more functional than that in alloimmunized patients. These results were supported by a multi-omics analysis of immune response molecules in conventional CD4+ TLs, Tfh circulating cells, and Tregs. Discussion Our results thus reveal divergent CD4+ TL characteristics correlated with anti-HLA alloimmunization status in transfused AML patients. These differences, characterizing CD4+ TLs independently of any specific antigen, should be taken into account when considering the immune responses of patients to infections, vaccinations, or transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khelfa
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Service d’Hématologie clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Stéphane Kerbrat
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Plateforme de Génomique, Créteil, France
| | | | - Médine Benchouaia
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Plateforme de Génomique, Créteil, France
| | - Déborah Neyrinck-Leglantier
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Léonie Cagnet
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Lylia Berradhia
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marie Tamagne
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | | | - France Pirenne
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Maury
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Service d’Hématologie clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Benoît Vingert
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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13
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Mirzazadeh S, Bemani P, Halimi H, Sanaee MN, Karami N, Ramzi M, Farjadian S. Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their cognate HLA class I ligands with susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia in Iranian patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11456. [PMID: 37454198 PMCID: PMC10349836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most prevalent leukemia in adults. Among the various NK receptors, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) carry out indispensable roles in NK cell development and function through engaging with class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-I) as their ligands. Besides divergent KIR and HLA loci, KIR/HLA-I combinations have a significant effect on NK cell response. In this case-control study, we aimed to verify the association of KIR/HLA-I combinations with susceptibility to AML in the Southwestern Iranian population. KIR and HLA genotyping was performed with PCR-SSP by some novel primers for 181 patients with AML and 181 healthy controls. According to our results, the frequencies of KIR3DS1 (p = 0.0001, OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.51-3.58), KIR2DS4fl (p = 0.02, OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.05-2.21), CxT4 genotypes (p = 0.03, OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.05-3.82), and T4 gene cluster (p = 0.01, OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.17-3.41) were significantly higher in patients than controls, while C1/C2 genotype (p = 0.00002, OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.25-0.61), HLA-A Bw4 (p = 0.02, OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.38-0.94), and HLA-A*11 (p = 0.03, OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95) alleles were more frequent in controls. In addition, inhibitory (i)KIR/HLA-I combinations analysis revealed higher frequencies of KIR2DL1( +)/HLA-C2( +), KIR2DL2/3( +)/HLA-C1( +), KIR3DL1( +)/HLA-A Bw4( +), and KIR3DL2( +)/HLA-A*03/11( +) in the control group (p = 0.002, OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.3-0.78; p = 0.04, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.99; p = 0.04, OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.4-0.99; and p = 0.03, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.4-0.95, respectively). Overall, the number of iKIR/HLA-I combinations was more in the control group. Moreover, KIR3DS1( +)/HLA-B Bw4Ile80( +) and the sum of HLA-B Bw4/A Bw4 combined with KIR3DS1 as activating KIR/HLA-I combinations were more frequent among patients than controls (p = 0.01, OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.14-3.49 and p = 0.005, OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.22-3.19, respectively). In conclusion, our results postulate that inhibitory combinations play a protective role against AML by developing potent NK cells during education. It is noteworthy that KIR/HLA-I combination studies can be applicable in donor selection for allogeneic NK cell therapy in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mirzazadeh
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Halimi
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nabi Sanaee
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karami
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Farjadian
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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D’Silva SZ, Singh M, Pinto AS. NK cell defects: implication in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112059. [PMID: 37228595 PMCID: PMC10203541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a complex disease with rapid progression and poor/unsatisfactory outcomes. In the past few years, the focus has been on developing newer therapies for AML; however, relapse remains a significant problem. Natural Killer cells have strong anti-tumor potential against AML. This NK-mediated cytotoxicity is often restricted by cellular defects caused by disease-associated mechanisms, which can lead to disease progression. A stark feature of AML is the low/no expression of the cognate HLA ligands for the activating KIR receptors, due to which these tumor cells evade NK-mediated lysis. Recently, different Natural Killer cell therapies have been implicated in treating AML, such as the adoptive NK cell transfer, Chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK (CAR-NK) cell therapy, antibodies, cytokine, and drug treatment. However, the data available is scarce, and the outcomes vary between different transplant settings and different types of leukemia. Moreover, remission achieved by some of these therapies is only for a short time. In this mini-review, we will discuss the role of NK cell defects in AML progression, particularly the expression of different cell surface markers, the available NK cell therapies, and the results from various preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Z. D’Silva
- Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Andrea S. Pinto
- Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
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15
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Patterson SD, Copland M. The Bone Marrow Immune Microenvironment in CML: Treatment Responses, Treatment-Free Remission, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2023; 18:19-32. [PMID: 36780103 PMCID: PMC9995533 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-023-00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are very successful for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) but are not curative in most patients due to persistence of TKI-resistant leukaemia stem cells (LSCs). The bone marrow immune microenvironment (BME) provides protection to the LSC through multidimensional interactions, driving therapy resistance, and highlighting the need to circumvent these protective niches therapeutically. This review updates the evidence for interactions between CML cells and the immune microenvironment with a view to identifying targetable therapeutic vulnerabilities and describes what is known about the role of immune regulation in treatment-free remission (TFR). RECENT FINDINGS Intracellular signalling downstream of the chemotactic CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, responsible for disrupted homing in CML, has been elucidated in LSCs, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities. In addition, LSCs expressing CXCL12-cleaving surface protein CD26 were highly correlated with CML burden, building on existing evidence. Newer findings implicate the adhesion molecule CD44 in TKI resistance, while JAK/STAT-mediated resistance to TKIs may occur downstream of extrinsic signalling in the BME. Exosomal BME-LSC cross-communication has also been explored. Finally, further detail on the phenotypes of natural killer (NK) cells putatively involved in maintaining successful TFR has been published, and NK-based immunotherapies are discussed. Recent studies highlight and build on our understanding of the BME in CML persistence and TKI resistance, pinpointing therapeutically vulnerable interactions. Repurposing existing drugs and/or the development of novel inhibitors targeting these relationships may help to overcome these issues in TKI-resistant CML and be used as adjuvant therapy for sustained TFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun David Patterson
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 21 Shelley Road, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK.
| | - Mhairi Copland
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 21 Shelley Road, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK.
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16
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Zhang Q, Ma R, Chen H, Guo W, Li Z, Xu K, Chen W. CD86 Is Associated with Immune Infiltration and Immunotherapy Signatures in AML and Promotes Its Progression. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:9988405. [PMID: 37064861 PMCID: PMC10104747 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9988405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), also known as B7-2, is a molecule expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provides the costimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival. CD86 binds to two ligands on the surface of T cells: the antigen CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). By binding to CD28, CD86-together with CD80-promotes the participation of T cells in the antigen presentation process. However, the interrelationships among CD86, immunotherapy, and immune infiltration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are unclear. Methods The immunological effects of CD86 in various cancers (including on chemokines, immunostimulators, MHC, and receptors) were evaluated through a pan-cancer analysis using TCGA and GEO databases. The relationship between CD86 expression and mononucleotide variation, gene copy number variation, methylation, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), and T-cell inflammation score in AML was subsequently examined. ESTIMATE and limma packages were used to identify genes at the intersection of CD86 with StromalScore and ImmuneScore. Subsequently, GO/KEGG and PPI network analyses were performed. The immune risk score (IRS) model was constructed, and the validation set was used for verification. The predictive value was compared with the TIDE score. Results CD86 was overexpressed in many cancers, and its overexpression was associated with a poor prognosis. CD86 expression was positively correlated with the expression of CTLA4, PDCD1LG2, IDO1, HAVCR2, and other genes and negatively correlated with CD86 methylation. The expression of CD86 in AML cell lines was detected by QRT-PCR and Western blot, and the results showed that CD86 was overexpressed in AML cell lines. Immune infiltration assays showed that CD86 expression was positively correlated with CD8 T cell, Dendritic cell, macrophage, NK cell, and Th1_cell and also with immune examination site, immune regulation, immunotherapy response, and TIICs. ssGSEA showed that CD86 was enriched in immune-related pathways, and CD86 expression was correlated with mutations in the genes RB1, ERBB2, and FANCC, which are associated with responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The IRS score performed better than the TIDE website score. Conclusion CD86 appears to participate in immune invasion in AML and is an important player in the tumor microenvironment in this malignancy. At the same time, the IRS score developed by us has a good effect and may provide some support for the diagnosis of AML. Thus, CD86 may serve as a potential target for AML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wentong Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Suqian, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Allegra A, Casciaro M, Lo Presti E, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Harnessing Unconventional T Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells to Prevent and Treat Hematological Malignancies: Prospects for New Immunotherapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060754. [PMID: 35740879 PMCID: PMC9221132 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) make up a heterogeneous set of cells that characteristically show prompt responses toward specific antigens. Unconventional T cells recognize non-peptide antigens, which are bound and presented by diverse non-polymorphic antigen-presenting molecules and comprise γδ T cells, MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs), and natural killer T cells (NKTs). On the other hand, ILCs lack antigen-specific receptors and act as the innate counterpart to the T lymphocytes found in the adaptive immune response. The alteration of unconventional T cells and ILCs in frequency and functionality is correlated with the onset of several autoimmune diseases, allergy, inflammation, and tumor. However, depending on the physio-pathological framework, unconventional T cells may exhibit either protective or pathogenic activity in a range of neoplastic diseases. Nonetheless, experimental models and clinical studies have displayed that some unconventional T cells are potential therapeutic targets, as well as prognostic and diagnostic markers. In fact, cell-mediated immune response in tumors has become the focus in immunotherapy against neoplastic disease. This review concentrates on the present knowledge concerning the function of unconventional T cell sets in the antitumor immune response in hematological malignancies, such as acute and chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Moreover, we discuss the possibility that modulating the activity of unconventional T cells could be useful in the treatment of hematological neoplasms, in the prevention of specific conditions (such as graft versus host disease), and in the formulation of an effective anticancer vaccine therapy. The exact knowledge of the role of these cells could represent the prerequisite for the creation of a new form of immunotherapy for hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2013
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- National Research Council (CNR)—Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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