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Alsufyani D, Lindesay J. Evidence of cancer-linked rodent zoonoses from biophysical genomic variations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13969. [PMID: 37634038 PMCID: PMC10460378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a mechanism to explore the role of environmental adaptation in establishing the optimal distribution of single nucleotide polymophisms (SNPs) within resident homeostatic populations, relationships between quantified environmental parameters and the frequencies of the variants are being explored. We have performed sequential double-blind scans on more than 30% of chromosome 3 in an attempt to discover possible relationships using simple mathematical functions that are indicative of "adaptive forces" on the variants due to specific quantified environmental agents. We have found an association of rs13071758 with rodent zoonotic diseases. This variant is within the FHIT gene, which spans the most fragile of the common fragile sites in human lymphoblasts. FHIT, which is highly sensitive to environmental carcinogens, is partially lost in most human cancers. This finding is consistent with other studies postulating an association between rodent zoonoses and cancer. We quantify the adaptive force on the T allele as 0.28 GEUs per unit of zoonotic rodent host richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniah Alsufyani
- College of Sciences and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - James Lindesay
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Howard University, 2355 Sixth Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
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Lekshmy M, Dhanya CR, Smrithi JS, Sindhurani JA, Vandanamthadathil JJ, Veettil JT, Anila L, Lathakumari VS, Nayar AM, Madhavan M. Peptide Vaccines as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agents for Female-Specific Cancers: The Current Landscape. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1054. [PMID: 37513965 PMCID: PMC10383774 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and gynecologic cancers are significant global threats to women's health and those living with the disease require lifelong physical, financial, and social support from their families, healthcare providers, and society as a whole. Cancer vaccines offer a promising means of inducing long-lasting immune response against the disease. Among various types of cancer vaccines available, peptide vaccines offer an effective strategy to elicit specific anti-tumor immune responses. Peptide vaccines have been developed based on tumor associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor specific neoantigens which can also be of viral origin. Molecular alterations in HER2 and non-HER2 genes are established to be involved in the pathogenesis of female-specific cancers and hence were exploited for the development of peptide vaccines against these diseases, most of which are in the latter stages of clinical trials. However, prophylactic vaccines for viral induced cancers, especially those against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection are well established. This review discusses therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for various types of female-specific cancers such as breast cancer and gynecologic cancers with special emphasis on peptide vaccines. We also present a pipeline for the design and evaluation of a multiepitope peptide vaccine that can be active against female-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Lekshmy
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram 695586, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leelamma Anila
- Department of Biochemistry, NSS College, Nilamel, Kollam 691535, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnu Sasidharan Lathakumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Industrial Microbiology, Sree Narayana College for Women, Kollam 691001, Kerala, India
| | - Adhira M Nayar
- Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram 695004, Kerala, India
| | - Maya Madhavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
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Mekrazi S, Kallel I, Jamai D, Yengui M, Khabir A, Gdoura R. Epstein-Barr virus in breast carcinoma and in triple negative cases impact on clinical outcomes. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154484. [PMID: 37116366 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of viral infection in tumors pathogenesis has currently attracted attention. Epstein-Barr virus is an infectious agent involved in numerous human malignancies, including breast cancer. Although, their prognostic impact in breast tumor is rarely investigated. Therefore, we sought in our study to evaluate the prevalence of EBV in Tunisian breast carcinoma and to examine their potential association with clinicopathological features and overall survival. METHODS Our retrospective study included 100 formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples from Tunisian breast carcinoma. EBV infection was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis, using monoclonal antibody against latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and polymerase chain reaction. A subset of PCR positive specimens was subjected to in situ hybridization for the detection of EBER expression. Biomarker's expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry method. Statistical analysis was also explored. RESULTS The expression status of ER, PR and HER2 was 81%, 71.4% and 33.7% respectively. The triple negative profile was present in 10.84% of cases. LMP-1 expression was negative in all breast cancer specimens. PCR assay showed that 44% of patients were positive for EBV genome. None of the 15 PCR positive cases showed positive results for EBV by ISH. According to the molecular phenotype, there was a statistically significant difference in EBV DNA prevalence between breast cancer subgroups including TN (67%), Lum B (64%), HER2 + (50%) and Lum A (30%). Bivariate analysis showed that EBV DNA was significantly associated with HER2 + (p = 0.035), tumor size (p = 0.018) and high SBR grade (p = 0.009). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirms the positive correlation of EBV with tumor size (p = 0.048) and SBR grade (p = 0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with EBV+ had significantly shorter overall survival than those with EBV- (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the presence of EBV DNA in Tunisian breast carcinoma. EBV DNA was associated with aggressive features and poor overall survival. Further investigations will be required in large samples size to clarify the potential role of EBV in breast tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoussen Mekrazi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kallel
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Dhouha Jamai
- Research Laboratory of Bioresources, Integrative Biology and Valorization LR14ES06, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Yengui
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Khabir
- Department of Anatomopathology and Cytology - Habib BOURGUIBA Hospital, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Agolli A, Ishak A, Viswanathan M, Co EL, Shivakumar J, Agolli O. Epstein-Barr Viral Infection and the Risk for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2023; 17:114-124. [PMID: 37637768 PMCID: PMC10452945 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v17i2.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of breast cancer has increased and has currently become one of the most common cancers. Although the majority of the world's population is infected with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) during their lives, the severity of symptoms varies and not everyone infected with EBV is diagnosed with cancer. EBV might increase the risk for breast cancer either by activating the HER2/HER3 signaling cascades or by creating a state of prolonged immune stimulation. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of several electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, JSTOR, and Scopus, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. The primary outcome of this review was to assess the prevalence of people with breast cancer that had a prior EBV infection. Results: For this review, 24 case-control studies were accepted. Our analyses included 1.989 breast cancer cases versus 1.034 control cases. EBV was found to be present in 27.9% of breast cancer cases versus 8.02% found in the normal breast tissue of controls. All affected people were women with a mean age was 48.19 years. The most common type of breast cancer found in EBV-infected tissues was invasive breast cancer. Cases were reported sporadically in a wide geographical distribution, and the prevalence varied from 4.6% - 64.1%. Conclusions: A previous EBV infection might be associated with a higher risk for breast malignancy. The most common type is invasive cancer. It mainly affects women and geographical variances are observed. More studies are necessary to elucidate the role of EBV in the mechanisms of breast cancer. Also, it is crucial to improve the prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjola Agolli
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Angela Ishak
- Division of Clinical & Translational Research, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mahima Viswanathan
- The University of Texas Health, Houston School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - Edzel Lorraine Co
- Division of Clinical & Translational Research, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Olsi Agolli
- Division of Clinical & Translational Research, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL, USA
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Alinezhadi M, Makvandi M, Kaydani GA, Jazayeri SN, Charostad J, Talaiezadeh A, Ahmadi Angali K. Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Specimens. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3201-3207. [PMID: 36172685 PMCID: PMC9810311 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.9.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to several studies, there is an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and breast cancer. Therefore, detection and genotyping of HPV seem important. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of HPV DNA in breast tissues by analyzing the L1 gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 63 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as the case group and 32 FFPE tissues of fibroadenoma as the control group. HPV DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Positive samples were then subjected to genotyping. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS The patients' age ranged from 15 to 92 years, with a mean age of 43.54±16.36 years. HPV DNA was detected in 17/95 (17.89%) samples, including 9/32 (28.12%) fibroadenoma samples and 8/63 (12.69%) IDC samples. No significant difference was observed regarding the presence of HPV DNA between the IDC and fibroadenoma tissues (P=0.08). However, a significant difference was found in the detection of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) between the case and control groups (P=0.03). In the case group, 87.5% of the detected viruses (7/8 samples) were HR-HPV, while in the control group, 22.22% of positive samples (2/9 samples) were HR-HPV (P=0.03). Based on the results, HR-HPV and low-risk HPV genotypes were detected in 53% (9/17) and 47% (8/17) of positive samples, respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, 12.69% of IDC samples were positive for HPV genomes, and HR-HPV was detected in 87.5% of these samples. The present results suggest the important role of HR-HPV in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Alinezhadi
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Gholam Abbas Kaydani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences Ahvaz, Iran. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Seyed Nematollah Jazayeri
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Javad Charostad
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | | | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Jiang X, Xiao G, Li Q. A Bayesian modified Ising model for identifying spatially variable genes from spatial transcriptomics data. Stat Med 2022; 41:4647-4665. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.9530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Department of Statistical Science Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Population and Data Sciences The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Qiwei Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
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Dehghan Z, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Sameni M, Bazgiri M, Zali H. A Motif-Based Network Analysis of Regulatory Patterns in Doxorubicin Effects on Treating Breast Cancer, a Systems Biology Study. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2022; 14:137-153. [PMID: 35633986 PMCID: PMC9077660 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v14i2.8889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline used to treat breast cancer as the first treatment choice. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to Doxorubicin and its side effects are not comprehensively understood so far. We used systems biology and bioinformatics methods to identify essential genes and molecular mechanisms behind the body response to Doxorubicin and its side effects in breast cancer patients. Methods Omics data were extracted and analyzed to construct the protein-protein interaction and gene regulatory networks. Network analysis was performed to identify hubs, bottlenecks, clusters, and regulatory motifs to evaluate crucial genes and molecular mechanisms behind the body response to Doxorubicin and its side effects. Results Analyzing the constructed PPI and gene-TF-miRNA regulatory network showed that MCM3, MCM10, and TP53 are key hub-bottlenecks and seed proteins. Enrichment analysis also revealed cell cycle, TP53 signaling, Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling, and viral carcinogenesis as essential pathways in response to this drug. Besides, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport and neurotrophin signaling were identified as pathways related to the side effects of Doxorubicin. The apoptosis induction, DNA repair, invasion inhibition, metastasis, and DNA replication are suggested as critical molecular mechanisms underlying Doxorubicin anti-cancer effect. SNARE interactions in vesicular transport and neurotrophin signaling and FoxO signaling pathways in glucose metabolism are probably the mechanisms responsible for side effects of Doxorubicin. Conclusion Following our model validation using the existing experimental data, we recommend our other newly predicted biomarkers and pathways as possible molecular mechanisms and side effects underlying the response to Doxorubicin in breast cancer requiring further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Dehghan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bazgiri
- Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Youssry S, Hussein A, Ramadan R, Alkarmouty A, Elsheredy A. The association of human cytomegalovirus with biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation in breast cancer. Breast Dis 2022; 41:229-239. [PMID: 35404268 DOI: 10.3233/bd-210060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in breast cancer has been reported, suggesting a potential association between HCMV infection and breast carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between HCMV infection and immune activation and inflammatory markers in breast cancer. METHODS HCMV DNA was detected from all patients using real-time PCR, Anti HCMV IgM and IgG antibodies were measured. IL-17 and IL-22 concentrations were detected by ELISA. Assessment of NLR and PLR was done, and cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay. RESULTS The results revealed a significantly increased prevalence of anti-HCMV IgG and HCMV DNA in patients compared to both benign and control groups where positive HCMV prevalence was significantly associated with vascular invasion, proliferation rate, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and elevated IL-17 serum level. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increased serum IL-17 in patients was markedly associated with tumor stage, vascular invasion, and high NLR. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that HCMV infection may have vital roles in breast cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, altered peripheral blood cells and cytokines may result in disordered immune response in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Youssry
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amina Hussein
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rabie Ramadan
- Experimental and Clinical Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Alkarmouty
- Experimental and Clinical Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amel Elsheredy
- Microbiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Gupta I, Ulamec M, Peric-Balja M, Ramic S, Al Moustafa AE, Vranic S, Al-Farsi HF. Presence of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in human triple-negative breast cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4457-4466. [PMID: 34623225 PMCID: PMC8828071 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1975452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent disease amongst women worldwide, accounts for the highest cancer-related mortality rate. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype encompasses ~15% of all breast cancers and lack estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Although risk factors for breast cancer are well-known, factors underpinning breast cancer onset and progression remain unknown. Recent studies suggest the plausible role of oncoviruses including human papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in breast cancer pathogenesis. However, the role of these oncoviruses in TNBC is still unclear. In the current study, we explored the status of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in a well-defined TNBC cohort from Croatia in comparison to 16 normal/non TNBC samples (controls) using polymerase chain reaction assay. We found high-risk HPVs and EBV present in 37/70 (53%) and 25/70 (36%) of the cases, respectively. The most common HPV types are 52, 45, 31, 58 and 68. We found 16% of the samples positive for co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV. Moreover, our data revealed that 5/70 (7%) samples are positive for MMTV. In addition, only 2/70 (3%) samples had co-presence of HPVs, EBV, and MMTV without any significant association with the clinicopathological variables. While, 6/16 (37.5%) controls were positive for HPV (p = .4), EBV was absent in all controls (0/16, 0%) (p = .01). In addition, we did not find the co-presence of the oncoviruses in the controls (p > .05). Nevertheless, further investigations are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of multiple-oncogenic viruses' interaction in breast carcinogenesis, especially TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Monika Ulamec
- College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Peric-Balja
- College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Oncological Pathology Department, Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snjezana Ramic
- College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Oncological Pathology Department, Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- CONTACT Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halema F. Al-Farsi
- College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Halema F. Al-Farsi College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, PO Box2713, Doha, Qatar
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Haploinsufficiency Interactions between RALBP1 and p53 in ERBB2 and PyVT Models of Mouse Mammary Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133329. [PMID: 34283045 PMCID: PMC8268413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rlip knockout has been reported to prevent cancer in highly cancer-susceptible mice lacking p53, and Rlip knockdown kills many types of cancer cells. In humans, breast cancer shows diverse characteristics, including HER2-driven subtypes and viral-driven subtypes. HER2 can be targeted; however, escape of the cancer from targeted therapies remains a problem. In this work we evaluated the capacity of Rlip knockout to prevent breast cancer in genetically engineered mouse models of HER2-driven breast cancer (Erbb2 model) and polyomavirus-driven breast cancer (PyVT model). We found that in Erbb2 mice, Rlip knockout significantly delayed oncogenesis and reduced the expression of genes associated with poor prognosis in patients. In PyVT mice, Rlip knockout did not delay oncogenesis or tumor growth, but Rlip knockdown reduced tumor metastasis to the lung. We conclude that Rlip inhibitors may significantly improve survival in HER2-positive patients, but are unlikely to offer benefits to patients with polyomavirus-associated tumors. Abstract We recently reported that loss of one or both alleles of Ralbp1, which encodes the stress-protective protein RLIP76 (Rlip), exerts a strong dominant negative effect on both the inherent cancer susceptibility and the chemically inducible cancer susceptibility of mice lacking one or both alleles of the tumor suppressor p53. In this paper, we examined whether congenital Rlip deficiency could prevent genetically-driven breast cancer in two transgenic mouse models: the MMTV-PyVT model, which expresses the polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyVT) under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter (MMTV) and the MMTV-Erbb2 model which expresses MMTV-driven erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (Erbb2, HER2/Neu) and frequently acquires p53 mutations. We found that loss of either one or two Rlip alleles had a suppressive effect on carcinogenesis in Erbb2 over-expressing mice. Interestingly, Rlip deficiency did not affect tumor growth but significantly reduced the lung metastatic burden of breast cancer in the viral PyVT model, which does not depend on either Ras or loss of p53. Furthermore, spontaneous tumors of MMTV-PyVT/Rlip+/+ mice showed no regression following Rlip knockdown. Finally, mice lacking one or both Rlip alleles differentially expressed markers for apoptotic signaling, proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell cycling in PyVT and Erbb2 breast tumors. Our results support the efficacy of Rlip depletion in suppressing p53 inactivated cancers, and our findings may yield novel methods for prevention or treatment of cancer in patients with HER2 mutations or tumor HER2 expression.
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Molecular Genetics in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070593. [PMID: 34206255 PMCID: PMC8306230 DOI: 10.3390/life11070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Global genomic studies have detected the role of genomic alterations in the pathogenesis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors. EBV oncoproteins cause a vital shift of EBV from an infectious virus to an oncogenic form during the latent and lytic phase within the lymphoid B cells and epithelial cells. This epigenetic alteration modulates the virus and host genomes and inactivates and disrupts numerous tumor suppressors and signaling pathways. Genomic profiling has played the main role in identifying EBV cancer pathogenesis and its related targeted therapies. This article reviews the role of genetic changes in EBV-associated lymphomas and carcinomas. This includes the prolific molecular genesis, key diagnostic tools, and target-specific drugs that have been in recent clinical use.
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Elagali AM, Suliman AA, Altayeb M, Dannoun AI, Parine NR, Sakr HI, Suliman HS, Motawee ME. Human papillomavirus, gene mutation and estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:43. [PMID: 33854672 PMCID: PMC8017370 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.43.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction recent studies show a good relationship between breast cancer (BC) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) wich is responsible for about 18% of BC cases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between different genotypes of HPV and the expression of P53 and retinoblastoma (RB) genes and estrogen and progesterone receptors in BC among Sudanese women. Methods one hundred and fifty tissue blocks were obtained from females diagnosed with BC. Positive samples were used to determine genotypes with an applied biosystem (ABI 3730XL) genetic analyzer for sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Results 13/150 samples showed HPV DNA. High-risk HPV-16 was detected in 5 cases, high-risk-HPV-58 was found in four cases, and HPV-18 was detected in three cases. Low-risk-HPV-11 was detected in a single invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) case. P53 and RB gene mutations were detected in 35 and 30 BC cases, respectively. P53 gene mutation was frequently identified in grade (III) BC while RB gene mutation was positive in grade (II). Grade (II) BC had a higher incidence of HPV-16 and 58. On the other hand, HPV-18 had a higher incidence in grade (III). Estrogen and progesterone receptors were expressed in 94 and 79 HPV cases among the study group, respectively. Conclusion this study elucidates the associations between HPV genotypes and BC. A statistically significant association was observed among p53 and RB gene mutations and different BC histological types. On the other hand, there was a statistically insignificant association between HPV genotyping and different BC gradings, BC histological types, P53 and RB genes mutations, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. Also, there was a statistically insignificant association among estrogen and progesterone receptors expression and BC grading. RB gene mutation was significantly associated with different BC grades. On the other hand, there was a statistically insignificant association between progesterone receptor expression and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Mohammed Elagali
- Faculty of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College of Science and Technology, Jeddah, KSA.,Histopathology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Graduate Study and Scientific Research, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Abdelbadie Suliman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Altayeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College of Science and Technology, Jeddah, KSA.,Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, KSA
| | - Anas Ibrahim Dannoun
- Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, KSA
| | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Medical Genetics Department, Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Hader Ibrahim Sakr
- Physiology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Howayda Saeed Suliman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Vashisht S, Mishra H, Mishra PK, Ekielski A, Talegaonkar S. Structure, Genome, Infection Cycle and Clinical Manifestations Associated with Human Papillomavirus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 20:1260-1280. [PMID: 31376818 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190802115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A small, non-enveloped, obligatory parasite, Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be the cause of a range of malignancies. These entail benign infections like genital warts as well as malignant, life-threatening conditions such as cervical cancer. Since a very high mortality rate is associated with HPV caused cancers (cervical cancer is a 2nd leading cause of death caused due to cancer among women globally), there is an escalating need to understand and search for ways to combat such medical conditions. Under the same light, the given article provides an insight into the world of this versatile pathogen. Distinct aspects related to HPV have been discussed here. Emphasis has been laid upon the composition, function and assembly of capsid proteins (structural studies) and various genetic elements and their gene products (genomic studies). The essence of the mechanism behind the development of persistent infection and modes responsible for the transmission of the infectious particles has been briefly covered. Finally, the review outlines various infections and diseases caused by HPV with a major focus on their clinical and histological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Vashisht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshita Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Department of Wood Processing, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Ekielski
- Department of Production Management and Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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14
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Polansky H, Schwab H. How latent viruses cause breast cancer: An explanation based on the microcompetition model. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:221-226. [PMID: 30579323 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancer cases show a decrease in the concentration of the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1). However, only a small portion of these cases have a mutated BRCA1 gene. Although many attempts have been made to identify the reason for the decrease in BRCA1 concentration in sporadic, non-heritable breast cancer cases, the cause is still unknown. In this review, we use the Microcompetition Model to explain how certain latent viruses, which are frequently detected in breast cancer tumors, can decrease the expression of the BRCA1 gene and cause the development of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Polansky
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Saeedi Z, Hadi F, Hejazi SH, Salahshournia Z. The Relationship Between EBV Virus and Breast Cancer in Khuzestan Province of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jabr.01.01.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Yang R, Liang J, Xu GX, Ding LM, Huang HM, Su QZ, Yan J, Li YC. Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B inhibits migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and impairs TGF-β/Smad2/3 expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7730-7738. [PMID: 29849800 PMCID: PMC5962863 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in females worldwide and evidence suggests that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may be implicated in the progress of breast cancer. HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) is the most abundant envelope protein and serves an important role in host cell entry. The present study aimed to clarify the role of HCMV gB in breast cancer cells. A HCMV gB construct (UL55) was generated and stable vUL55 gene lentivirus-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells were established. Subsequently, the effect of HCMV gB on the apoptosis and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was measured by flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Furthermore, whether HCMV gB may modulate MDA-MB-231 cell migration was examined using Transwell and cell scratch assays. In addition, alterations in HCMV gB-modulated protein levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Mothers against decapentaplegic homologs 2/3 (Smad2/3) were detected using western blot analysis. The results indicated that UL55 cDNA was stably transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells, and that HCMV gB protein was stably expressed. No significant differences in cell apoptosis and proliferation between transfected (231-GB-OE) and negative control (231-NC) cells were observed, while the rate of cell migration was significantly decreased in the 231-GB-OE cells compared with the 231-NC cells. Additionally, the expression level of TGF-β and phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 were also decreased in 231-GB-OE cells compared with the 231-NC cells. Although certain previous studies indicated that HCMV infection was associated with breast carcinogenesis, the results of the present study indicate that the envelope protein HCMV gB exhibits no effect on cell apoptosis and proliferation, but inhibits breast cancer cell migration. This may be due to downregulated TGF-β/Smad signaling. Taken together, these studies may assist in developing anti-TGF-β agents that contribute to tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Guo-Xiong Xu
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Mei Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhu Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Chun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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17
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Abstract
The main feature of the epidemiological transition is a shift in the recorded causes of death from infectious diseases to other morbid conditions. This paper outlines modifications made to Omran's original model and stages of transition, and suggests that without a focus on aetiology and morbidity, these have been basically descriptive rather than explanatory, and potentially misleading because infections have been confirmed as causes of various chronic diseases. Common infections and related immune responses or inflammatory processes contribute to the multifactorial aetiology of morbid conditions that together make a substantial contribution to overall mortality, and infectious causation is suspected for many others because of strong evidence of association. Investigation into possible infectious causes of conditions frequently recorded as the underlying cause of death can be integrated into a framework for comparative research on patterns of disease and mortality in support of public health and prevention. A theory of epidemiological transition aimed at understanding changes in disease patterns can encompass the role in different conditions and chronic diseases of infections contracted over the life course, and their contribution to disability, morbidity and mortality relative to other causes and determinants.
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18
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HPV Status and Its Correlation with BCL2, p21, p53, Rb, and Survivin Expression in Breast Cancer in a Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6315392. [PMID: 29423411 PMCID: PMC5750508 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6315392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent evidence, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast carcinogenesis is controversial. The correlations of HPV infection with the clinicopathological features of breast cancer and the expression of cell cycle/apoptosis-associated proteins have not been well elucidated. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPVs (HR-HPVs) infection and BCL2, p21, p53, Rb, and survivin expression in breast cancer patients and to investigate the relationship of HPV with these cancer-related proteins, in an attempt to clarify the potential mechanism of HPV in breast cancer pathogenesis. HPV presence in 81 fresh breast cancer tissues was determined by hybrid capture 2 (HC2) assay, and expression of BCL2, p21, p53, Rb, and survivin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Here we showed that fourteen (17.3%) patients were HR-HPV positive. HPV infection demonstrated no significant correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. HPV-positive tumors showed significantly higher BCL2 and lower p53 expression than HPV-negative tumors. Expression of p21, Rb, and survivin was not associated with HPV status. Our results suggest a possible role of HR-HPV in breast cancer carcinogenesis, in which BCL2 and p53 may be involved.
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19
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Wallace AD, Francis SS, Shao X, de Smith AJ, Walsh KM, Mckean-Cowdin R, Ma X, Dahl G, Barcellos LF, Wiemels JL, Metayer C. A germ-line deletion of APOBEC3B does not contribute to subtype-specific childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia etiology. Haematologica 2017; 103:e29-e31. [PMID: 29025908 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.179317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia D Wallace
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Dahl
- Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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20
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Wu H, Zhao C, Adhikari VP, Lu L, Huang J, Wei Y, Luo Q, Dai W, Wu Y, Li X, Wu K, Kong LQ. The prevalence and clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients with hepatitis B virus infection in China. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18185-18190. [PMID: 28212549 PMCID: PMC5392318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a case-control study to investigate the prevalence and clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China. The clinical data for 2,796 female patients with newly diagnosed, primary breast cancer were evaluated. A total of 234 breast cancer patients with HBV infection (the case group; positive for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) and 444 breast cancer patients without HBV infection (the control group; negative for HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B envelope antigen, hepatitis B envelope antibody, and hepatitis B core antibody) were selected for study. Analysis of the clinicopathological features revealed that the metastatic axillary lymph node ratio was lower in the case group than the control group, as was the proportion of patients with pathological T stage ≥T2. No differences in the expression levels of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, p53, or Ki67 were observed between the case and control groups. These data indicate that the rate of HBV infection is high among female breast cancer patients in China, and that HBsAg-positive breast cancer patients were generally diagnosed at an earlier stage and had fewer lymph node metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Vishnu Prasad Adhikari
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Linjie Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianbo Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingqing Luo
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yutuan Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kainan Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling-Quan Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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21
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Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Risk of Breast Cancer: An Adaptive Meta-Analysis for Case-Control Studies. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.34806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Ewald PW, Swain Ewald HA. Infection and cancer in multicellular organisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0224. [PMID: 26056368 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary considerations suggest that oncogenic infections should be pervasive among animal species. Infection-associated cancers are well documented in humans and domestic animals, less commonly reported in undomesticated captive animals, and rarely documented in nature. In this paper, we review the literature associating infectious agents with cancer to evaluate the reasons for this pattern. Non-malignant infectious neoplasms occur pervasively in multicellular life, but oncogenic progression to malignancy is often uncertain. Evidence from humans and domestic animals shows that non-malignant infectious neoplasms can develop into cancer, although generally with low frequency. Malignant neoplasms could be difficult to find in nature because of a low frequency of oncogenic transformation, short survival after malignancy and reduced survival prior to malignancy. Moreover, the evaluation of malignancy can be ambiguous in nature, because criteria for malignancy may be difficult to apply consistently across species. The information available in the literature therefore does not allow for a definitive assessment of the pervasiveness of infectious cancers in nature, but the presence of infectious neoplasias and knowledge about the progression of benign neoplasias to cancer is consistent with a widespread but largely undetected occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Ewald
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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23
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Haghshenas MR, Mousavi T, Moosazadeh M, Afshari M. Human papillomavirus and breast cancer in Iran: a meta- analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:231-7. [PMID: 27114791 PMCID: PMC4834111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and breast cancer using meta- analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant studies were identified reviewing the national and international databases. We also increased the search sensitivity by investigating the references as well as interview with research centers and experts. Finally, quality assessment and implementation of inclusion/exclusion criteria determined the eligible articles for meta-analysis. Based on the heterogeneity observed among the results of the primary studies, random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV infection and also pooled odds ratio between HPV and developing breast cancer using Stata SE V. 11 software. RESULTS This meta- analysis included 11 primary studies investigating the HPV infection prevalence among 1539 Iranian women. Pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of HPV infection among Iranian women with breast cancer was estimated as of 23.6% (6.7- 40.5), while, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) between HPV infection and developing breast cancer was estimated as of 5.7% (0.7- 46.8). CONCLUSION This meta- analysis showed a high prevalence of HPV infection among women with breast cancer. We also found that the odds of developing breast cancer among women with breast cancer was more than that of women without breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahoora Mousavi
- Student Research Committee, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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24
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Lawson JS. RE: How Many Etiological Subtypes of Breast Cancer: Two, Three, Four, or More? J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv028. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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25
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Fu L, Wang D, Shah W, Wang Y, Zhang G, He J. Association of human papillomavirus type 58 with breast cancer in Shaanxi province of China. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1034-40. [PMID: 25676062 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A number of reports have identified HPV DNA in breast cancer specimens and HPV type 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and 51 were more prevalent. HPV 58 was frequently detected in cervical cancer in Shaanxi China. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether HPV 58 present in breast cancer. 169 cases of breast cancer samples and 83 benign breast lesions were analyzed. Type specific primers and oligonucliotide probe were used for the detection of HPV 58 by conventional PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. The HPV 58 viral load were measured by qPCR. p16 protein expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. HPV 58 E7 DNA was detected in 25 out of 169 formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues (14.79%) by PCR, only 1 out of 83 non-malignant breast lesions showed positive (1.20%). The results of ISH showed that 17 out of 169 (10.06%) malignant samples were positive for HPV 58 E7, and only 1 out of 83 non-malignant lesions was positive. Positive p16 immunostaining was observed in all the HPV 58 E7 ISH positive cases, but 16 out of 98 cases with HPV negative were p16 positive. The presence of HPV 58 in both normal duct epithelial cells and carcinoma in situ along with its presence in the cancer cells of the same specimen indicated the possible causal role of HPV 58 in breast cancer. The findings provide a solid morphological evidence of the involvement of HPV 58 in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fu
- Center of Cancer Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Institute for Cancer Research, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Mohamed HT, El-Shinawi M, Nouh MA, Bashtar AR, Elsayed ET, Schneider RJ, Mohamed MM. Inflammatory breast cancer: high incidence of detection of mixed human cytomegalovirus genotypes associated with disease pathogenesis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:246. [PMID: 25309872 PMCID: PMC4160966 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly metastatic, aggressive, and fatal form of breast cancer. Patients presenting with IBC are characterized by a high number of axillary lymph node metastases. Recently, we found that IBC carcinoma tissues contain significantly higher levels of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA compared to other breast cancer tissues that may regulate cell signaling pathways. In fact, HCMV pathogenesis and clinical outcome can be statistically associated with multiple HCMV genotypes within IBC. Thus, in the present study, we established the incidence and types of HCMV genotypes present in carcinoma tissues of infected non-IBC versus IBC patients. We also assessed the correlation between detection of mixed genotypes of HCMV and disease progression. Genotyping of HCMV in carcinoma tissues revealed that glycoprotein B (gB)-1 and glycoprotein N (gN)-1 were the most prevalent HCMV genotypes in both non-IBC and IBC patients with no significant difference between patients groups. IBC carcinoma tissues, however, showed statistically significant higher incidence of detection of the gN-3b genotype compared to non-IBC patients. The incidence of detection of mixed genotypes of gB showed that gB-1 + gB-3 was statistically significantly higher in IBC than non-IBC patients. Similarly, the incidence of detection of mixed genotypes of gN showed that gN-1 + gN-3b and gN-3 + gN-4b/c were statistically significant higher in the carcinoma tissues of IBC than non-IBC. Mixed presence of different HCMV genotypes was found to be significantly correlated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes in non-IBC but not in IBC patients. In IBC, detection of mixed HCMV different genotypes significantly correlates with lymphovascular invasion and formation of dermal lymphatic emboli, which was not found in non-IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - M Akram Nouh
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | | | | | - Robert J Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, New York University , New York, NY , USA
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27
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Abstract
Joint infectious causation of cancer has been accepted in a few well-studied instances, including Burkitt's lymphoma and liver cancer. In general, evidence for the involvement of parasitic agents in oncogenesis has expanded, and recent advances in the application of molecular techniques have revealed specific mechanisms by which host cells are transformed. Many parasites evolve to circumvent immune-mediated detection and destruction and to control critical aspects of host cell reproduction and survival: cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and immortalization. The host has evolved tight regulation of these cellular processes-the control of each represents a barrier to cancer. These barriers need to be compromised for oncogenesis to occur. The abrogation of a barrier is therefore referred to as an essential cause of cancer. Alternatively, some aspects of cellular regulation restrain but do not block oncogenesis. Relaxation of a restraint is therefore referred to as an exacerbating cause of cancer. In this chapter, we explore past and current evidence for joint infectious causation of cancer in the context of essential and exacerbating causes. We stress that discovery of joint infectious causation may provide great improvements in controlling cancer, particularly through the identification of many additional nonhuman targets for synergistic interventions for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Ewald
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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28
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Yahia ZA, Adam AAM, Elgizouli M, Hussein A, Masri MA, Kamal M, Mohamed HS, Alzaki K, Elhassan AM, Hamad K, Ibrahim ME. Epstein Barr virus: a prime candidate of breast cancer aetiology in Sudanese patients. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:9. [PMID: 24607238 PMCID: PMC3975647 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in Sudanese women. Reported genetic alterations in the form of mutations in tumor suppressors are low in frequencies and could not explain the peculiarities of the diseases including its focal nature. Potential contributors disease aetiology include oncogenic viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an established culprit of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, one of the most frequent cancers in Sudan.In this study, DNA was extracted from malignant tissue samples and healthy tumour-free tissue from the same breast. Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) was used to amplify two genes encoding for EBV viral proteins. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus and its cellular localization was confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH) for Epstein-Barr encoded small RNAs (EBERs). Given the reported low frequency of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Sudanese breast cancer patients, the methylation status of six tumor suppressor genes was investigated using methylation specific PCR. EBV genome was detected in 55.5% (n = 90) of breast cancer tissues as compared to 23% in control tissue samples (p = 0.0001). Using ISH, EBV signal was detected in all 18 breast cancer biopsies examined while all five normal breast tissue biopsies tested were negative for EBV. Of six tumour suppressor genes investigated BRCA1, BRCA2, and p14 appeared to be under strong epigenetic silencing.In conclusion, we present evidence of a strong association between EBV and breast carcinoma in Sudanese patients, and considerable epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors that may likely be an outcome or an association with viral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A Yahia
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ameera AM Adam
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Magdeldin Elgizouli
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ayman Hussein
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mai A Masri
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mayada Kamal
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba S Mohamed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Kamal Alzaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed M Elhassan
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Kamal Hamad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muntaser E Ibrahim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases (IEND) Unit of Disease and Diversity, University of Khartoum Medical Campus, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
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Antonsson A, Bialasiewicz S, Rockett RJ, Jacob K, Bennett IC, Sloots TP. Exploring the prevalence of ten polyomaviruses and two herpes viruses in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39842. [PMID: 22916092 PMCID: PMC3419721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several different viruses have been proposed to play a role in breast carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of a subset of viruses in breast cancer tissue. We investigated the prevalence of 12 DNA viruses: EBV and CMV from the Herpesviridae family and SV40, BKV, JCV, MCV, WUV, KIV, LPV, HPyV6, HPyV7, and TSV from the Polyomaviridae family in 54 fresh frozen breast tumour specimens. Relevant clinical data and basic lifestyle data were available for all patients. The tissue samples were DNA extracted and real-time PCR assays were used for viral detection.The highest prevalence, 10% (5/54), was found for EBV. MCV, HPyV6, and HPyV7 were detected in single patient samples (2% each), while WUV, KIV, JCV, BKV, LPV, SV40, TSV and CMV were not detected in the 54 breast cancer specimens analysed here. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the potential role of viruses, and particularly EBV, in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Antonsson
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Department of Population Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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30
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Glenn WK, Heng B, Delprado W, Iacopetta B, Whitaker NJ, Lawson JS. Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus and mouse mammary tumour virus as multiple viruses in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48788. [PMID: 23183846 PMCID: PMC3501510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this investigation is to determine if Epstein Barr virus (EBV), high risk human papillomavirus (HPV), and mouse mammary tumour viruses (MMTV) co-exist in some breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the specimens were from women residing in Australia. For investigations based on standard PCR, we used fresh frozen DNA extracts from 50 unselected invasive breast cancers. For normal breast specimens, we used DNA extracts from epithelial cells from milk donated by 40 lactating women. For investigations based on in situ PCR we used 27 unselected archival formalin fixed breast cancer specimens and 18 unselected archival formalin fixed normal breast specimens from women who had breast reduction surgery. Thirteen of these fixed breast cancer specimens were ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) and 14 were predominantly invasive ductal carcinomas (idc). RESULTS EBV sequences were identified in 68%, high risk HPV sequences in 50%, and MMTV sequences in 78% of DNA extracted from 50 invasive breast cancer specimens. These same viruses were identified in selected normal and breast cancer specimens by in situ PCR. Sequences from more than one viral type were identified in 72% of the same breast cancer specimens. Normal controls showed these viruses were also present in epithelial cells in human milk - EBV (35%), HPV, 20%) and MMTV (32%) of 40 milk samples from normal lactating women, with multiple viruses being identified in 13% of the same milk samples. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that (i) EBV, HPV and MMTV gene sequences are present and co-exist in many human breast cancers, (ii) the presence of these viruses in breast cancer is associated with young age of diagnosis and possibly an increased grade of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/virology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/virology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Nucleus/virology
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/metabolism
- Female
- Genome, Viral/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Papillomaviridae/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K. Glenn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Barry Iacopetta
- University Department of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Noel J. Whitaker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James S. Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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31
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Mouse mammary tumor-like virus and human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123:907; author reply 908-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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