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Roessler J, Zimmermann F, Schumann P, Nageswaran V, Ramezani Rad P, Schuchardt S, Leistner DM, Landmesser U, Haghikia A. Modulation of the Serum Metabolome by the Short-Chain Fatty Acid Propionate: Potential Implications for Its Cholesterol-Lowering Effect. Nutrients 2024; 16:2368. [PMID: 39064811 PMCID: PMC11280296 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dyslipidemia represents a major risk factor for atherosclerosis-driven cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests a close relationship between cholesterol metabolism and gut microbiota. Recently, we demonstrated that the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) propionate (PA) reduces serum cholesterol levels through an immunomodulatory mechanism. Here, we investigated the effects of oral PA supplementation on the human serum metabolome and analyzed changes in the serum metabolome in relation to the cholesterol-lowering properties of PA. (2) Methods: The serum metabolome of patients supplemented with either placebo or propionate orally for 8 weeks was assessed using a combination of flow injection analysis-tandem (FIA-MS/MS) as well as liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) and mass spectrometry using a targeted metabolomics kit (MxP®Quant 500 kit: BIOCRATES Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria). A total of 431 metabolites were employed for further investigation in this study. (3) Results: We observed a significant increase in distinct bile acids (GCDCA: fold change = 1.41, DCA: fold change = 1.39, GUDCA: fold change = 1.51) following PA supplementation over the study period, with the secondary bile acid DCA displaying a significant negative correlation with the serum cholesterol levels. (4) Conclusions: Oral supplementation with PA modulates the serum metabolome with a particular impact on the circulatory bile acid profile. Since cholesterol and bile acid metabolism are interconnected, the elevation of the secondary bile acid DCA may contribute to the cholesterol-lowering effect of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Roessler
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital St Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Zimmermann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Schumann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanasa Nageswaran
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital St Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pegah Ramezani Rad
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Department of Bio and Environmental Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - David M. Leistner
- Medizinische Klinik 3—Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital St Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
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Liu R, Wang J, Liu Y, Gao Y, Yang R. Regulation of gut microbiota on immune cell ferroptosis: A novel insight for immunotherapy against tumor. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217115. [PMID: 39025428 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota contributes to the homeostasis of immune system and is related to various diseases such as tumorigenesis. Ferroptosis, a new type of cell death, is also involved in the disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have found the correlations of gut microbiota mediated ferroptosis and immune cell death. Gut microbiota derived immunosuppressive metabolites, which can promote differentiation and function of immune cells, tend to inhibit ferroptosis through their receptors, whereas inflammatory metabolites from gut microbiota also affect the differentiation and function of immune cells and their ferroptosis. Thus, it is possible for gut microbiota to regulate immune cell ferroptosis. Indeed, gut microbiota metabolite receptor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can affect ferroptosis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, leading to disease pathogenesis. Since immune cell ferroptosis in tumor microenvironment (TME) affects the occurrence and development of tumor, the modulation of gut microbiota in these cell ferroptosis might influence on the tumorigenesis, and also immunotherapy against tumors. Here we will summarize the recent advance of ferroptosis mediated by gut microbiota metabolites, which potentially acts as regulator(s) on immune cells in TME for therapy against tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Shen L, Wang C, Ren R, Liu X, Zhou D, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Lei J, Xiao Y, Zhang N, Zhao H, Li Y. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 deficiency in macrophages aggravates experimental colitis by promoting M1-polarization. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01910-8. [PMID: 38981913 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Compelling evidence indicates that dysregulated macrophages may play a key role in driving inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, which is secreted by ileal enterocytes in response to bile acids, has been found to be significantly lower in IBD patients compared to healthy individuals, and is negatively correlated with the severity of diarrhea. This study aims to explore the potential impact of FGF19 signaling on macrophage polarization and its involvement in the pathogenesis of IBD. METHODS The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model was utilized to replicate the pathology of human IBD. Mice were created with a conditional knockout of FGFR4 (a specific receptor of FGF19) in myeloid cells, as well as mice that overexpressing FGF19 specifically in the liver. The severity of colitis was measured using the disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological staining. Various techniques such as Western Blotting, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA were employed to assess polarization and the expression of inflammatory genes. RESULTS Myeloid-specific FGFR4 deficiency exacerbated colitis in the DSS mouse model. Deletion or inhibition of FGFR4 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) skewed macrophages towards M1 polarization. Analysis of transcriptome sequencing data revealed that FGFR4 deletion in macrophages significantly increased the activity of the complement pathway, leading to an enhanced inflammatory response triggered by LPS. Mechanistically, FGFR4-knockout in macrophages promoted complement activation and inflammatory response by upregulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-pentraxin3 (PTX3) pathway. Additionally, FGF19 suppressed these pathways and reduced inflammatory response by activating FGFR4 in inflammatory macrophages. Liver-specific overexpression of FGF19 also mitigated inflammatory responses induced by DSS in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the significance of FGF19-FGFR4 signaling in macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of IBD, offering a potential new therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Dongqin Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325030, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Cheng Y, Wang S, Zhu W, Xu Z, Xiao L, Wu J, Meng Y, Zhang J, Cheng C. Deoxycholic acid inducing chronic atrophic gastritis with colonic mucosal lesion correlated to mucosal immune dysfunction in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15798. [PMID: 38982226 PMCID: PMC11233621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of bile reflux-inducing chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with colonic mucosal lesion. The rat model of CAG with colonic mucosal lesion was induced by free-drinking 20 mmol/L sodium deoxycholate to simulate bile reflux and 2% cold sodium salicylate for 12 weeks. In comparison to the control group, the model rats had increased abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes but had decreased abundances of Proteobacteria and Fusobacterium. Several gut bacteria with bile acids transformation ability were enriched in the model group, such as Blautia, Phascolarctobacter, and Enterococcus. The cytotoxic deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were significantly increased in the model group. Transcriptome analysis of colonic tissues presented that the down-regulated genes enriched in T cell receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and intestinal immune network for IgA production in the model group. These results suggest that bile reflux-inducing CAG with colonic mucosal lesion accompanied by gut dysbacteriosis, mucosal immunocompromise, and increased gene expressions related to repair of intestinal mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Cheng
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijing Xu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufen Meng
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chun Cheng
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Davis KL, Claudio-Etienne E, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA. Atopic dermatitis and food allergy: More than sensitization. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00059-X. [PMID: 38906220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The increased risk of food allergy in infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) has long been recognized; an epidemiologic phenomenon termed "the atopic march." Current literature supports the hypothesis that food antigen exposure through the disrupted skin barrier in AD leads to food antigen-specific immunoglobulin E production and food sensitization. However, there is growing evidence that inflammation in the skin drives intestinal remodeling via circulating inflammatory signals, microbiome alterations, metabolites, and the nervous system. We explore how this skin-gut axis helps to explain the link between AD and food allergy beyond sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin L Davis
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, The Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, The National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Comparative Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Estefania Claudio-Etienne
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Uehara M, Inoue T, Hase S, Sasaki E, Toyoda A, Sakakibara Y. Decoding host-microbiome interactions through co-expression network analysis within the non-human primate intestine. mSystems 2024; 9:e0140523. [PMID: 38557130 PMCID: PMC11097647 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01405-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome affects the health status of the host through complex interactions with the host's intestinal wall. These host-microbiome interactions may spatially vary along the physical and chemical environment of the intestine, but these changes remain unknown. This study investigated these intricate relationships through a gene co-expression network analysis based on dual transcriptome profiling of different intestinal sites-cecum, transverse colon, and rectum-of the primate common marmoset. We proposed a gene module extraction algorithm based on the graph theory to find tightly interacting gene modules of the host and the microbiome from a vast co-expression network. The 27 gene modules identified by this method, which include both host and microbiome genes, not only produced results consistent with previous studies regarding the host-microbiome relationships, but also provided new insights into microbiome genes acting as potential mediators in host-microbiome interplays. Specifically, we discovered associations between the host gene FBP1, a cancer marker, and polysaccharide degradation-related genes (pfkA and fucI) coded by Bacteroides vulgatus, as well as relationships between host B cell-specific genes (CD19, CD22, CD79B, and PTPN6) and a tryptophan synthesis gene (trpB) coded by Parabacteroides distasonis. Furthermore, our proposed module extraction algorithm surpassed existing approaches by successfully defining more functionally related gene modules, providing insights for understanding the complex relationship between the host and the microbiome.IMPORTANCEWe unveiled the intricate dynamics of the host-microbiome interactions along the colon by identifying closely interacting gene modules from a vast gene co-expression network, constructed based on simultaneous profiling of both host and microbiome transcriptomes. Our proposed gene module extraction algorithm, designed to interpret inter-species interactions, enabled the identification of functionally related gene modules encompassing both host and microbiome genes, which was challenging with conventional modularity maximization algorithms. Through these identified gene modules, we discerned previously unrecognized bacterial genes that potentially mediate in known relationships between host genes and specific bacterial species. Our findings underscore the spatial variations in host-microbiome interactions along the colon, rather than displaying a uniform pattern throughout the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Uehara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Hase
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasubumi Sakakibara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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7
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Zheng C, Wang L, Zou T, Lian S, Luo J, Lu Y, Hao H, Xu Y, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Xu G, Zou X, Jiang R. Ileitis promotes MASLD progression via bile acid modulation and enhanced TGR5 signaling in ileal CD8 + T cells. J Hepatol 2024; 80:764-777. [PMID: 38181823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Clinical evidence substantiates a link between inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn's disease (CD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aims to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this association. METHODS MASLD was induced by administering high-fat and western diets, while inflammatory bowel disease was induced using DSS (dextran sulfate sodium) and the Il10 knockout (KO) mouse model. The investigation into the role of secondary bile acids (SBAs) in ileitis involved employing metagenomic sequencing, conducting metabolomics detection, performing fecal microbiota transplantation, and constructing CD8+ T cell-specific gene knockout mice. RESULTS In MASLD+DSS and Il10 KO MASLD mice, we observed ileitis characterized by T-cell infiltration and activation in the terminal ileum. This condition resulted in decreased bile acid levels in the portal vein and liver, inhibited hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation, and exacerbated MASLD. Metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of ileal contents revealed increased Clostridium proliferation and elevated SBA levels in MASLD-associated ileitis. Experiments using germ-free mice and fecal microbiota transplantation suggested an association between SBA and MASLD-related ileitis. In vitro, SBAs promoted CD8+ T-cell activation via the TGR5, mTOR, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In vivo, TGR5 KO in CD8+ T cells effectively alleviated ileitis and reversed the MASLD phenotype. Clinical data further supported these findings, demonstrating a positive correlation between ileitis and MASLD. CONCLUSION MASLD-induced changes in intestinal flora result in elevated levels of SBAs in the ileum. In the presence of a compromised intestinal barrier, this leads to severe CD8+ T cell-mediated ileitis through the TGR5/mTOR/oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway. Ileitis-induced tissue damage impairs enterohepatic circulation, inhibits hepatic FXR activation, and exacerbates the MASLD phenotype. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Our study provides a comprehensive investigation of the interplay and underlying mechanisms connecting ileitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Secondary bile acids produced by intestinal bacteria act as the critical link between MASLD and ileitis. Secondary bile acids exert their influence by disrupting liver lipid metabolism through the promotion of CD8+ T cell-mediated ileitis. In future endeavors to prevent and treat MASLD, it is essential to thoroughly account for the impact of the intestinal tract, especially the ileum, on liver function via the enterohepatic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianhui Zou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Senlin Lian
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210993, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiajing Luo
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210993, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yijun Lu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210993, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanbing Hao
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210993, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuejie Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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8
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De Paepe E, Plekhova V, Vangeenderhuysen P, Baeck N, Bullens D, Claeys T, De Graeve M, Kamoen K, Notebaert A, Van de Wiele T, Van Den Broeck W, Vanlede K, Van Winckel M, Vereecke L, Elliott C, Cox E, Vanhaecke L. Integrated gut metabolome and microbiome fingerprinting reveals that dysbiosis precedes allergic inflammation in IgE-mediated pediatric cow's milk allergy. Allergy 2024; 79:949-963. [PMID: 38193259 DOI: 10.1111/all.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (IgE-CMA) is one of the first allergies to arise in early childhood and may result from exposure to various milk allergens, of which β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and casein are the most important. Understanding the underlying mechanisms behind IgE-CMA is imperative for the discovery of novel biomarkers and the design of innovative treatment and prevention strategies. METHODS We report a longitudinal in vivo murine model, in which two mice strains (BALB/c and C57Bl/6) were sensitized to BLG using either cholera toxin or an oil emulsion (n = 6 per group). After sensitization, mice were challenged orally, their clinical signs monitored, antibody (IgE and IgG1) and cytokine levels (IL-4 and IFN-γ) measured, and fecal samples subjected to metabolomics. The results of the murine models were further extrapolated to fecal microbiome-metabolome data from our population of IgE-CMA (n = 22) and healthy (n = 23) children (Trial: NCT04249973), on which polar metabolomics, lipidomics and 16S rRNA metasequencing were performed. In vitro gastrointestinal digestions and multi-omics corroborated the microbial origin of proposed metabolic changes. RESULTS During mice sensitization, we observed multiple microbially derived metabolic alterations, most importantly bile acid, energy and tryptophan metabolites, that preceded allergic inflammation. We confirmed microbial dysbiosis, and its associated effect on metabolic alterations in our patient cohort, through in vitro digestions and multi-omics, which was accompanied by metabolic signatures of low-grade inflammation. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that gut dysbiosis precedes allergic inflammation and nurtures a chronic low-grade inflammation in children on elimination diets, opening important new opportunities for future prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen De Paepe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Vera Plekhova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pablo Vangeenderhuysen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nele Baeck
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, AZ Jan Palfijn Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bullens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Pediatrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Claeys
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition & General Pediatric Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Marilyn De Graeve
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristien Kamoen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maria Middelares Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Notebaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Sint-Vincentius Hospital Deinze, Deinze, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Vanlede
- Department of General Pediatrics, VITAZ, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Myriam Van Winckel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Elliott
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Cox
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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9
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Lai Y, Wu X, Chao E, Bloomstein JD, Wei G, Hwang ST, Shi Z. Impact of Gut Bacterial Metabolites on Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1657-1666. [PMID: 37422760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that supports a role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis (Pso). Thus, probiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation may serve as promising preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients with Pso. One of the basic mechanisms through which the gut microbiota interacts with the host is through bacteria-derived metabolites, usually intermediate or end products produced by microbial metabolism. In this study, we provide an up-to-date review of the most recent literature on microbial-derived metabolites and highlight their roles in the immune system, with a special focus on Pso and one of its most common comorbidities, psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhsien Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ellen Chao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Grace Wei
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sam T Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Zhenrui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Cheung KCP, Ma J, Loiola RA, Chen X, Jia W. Bile acid-activated receptors in innate and adaptive immunity: targeted drugs and biological agents. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250299. [PMID: 37172599 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid-activated receptors (BARs) such as a G-protein bile acid receptor 1 and the farnesol X receptor are activated by bile acids (BAs) and have been implicated in the regulation of microbiota-host immunity in the intestine. The mechanistic roles of these receptors in immune signaling suggest that they may also influence the development of metabolic disorders. In this perspective, we provide a summary of recent literature describing the main regulatory pathways and mechanisms of BARs and how they affect both innate and adaptive immune system, cell proliferation, and signaling in the context of inflammatory diseases. We also discuss new approaches for therapy and summarize clinical projects on BAs for the treatment of diseases. In parallel, some drugs that are classically used for other therapeutic purposes and BAR activity have recently been proposed as regulators of immune cells phenotype. Another strategy consists of using specific strains of gut bacteria to regulate BA production in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C P Cheung
- Hong Kong Phenome Research Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Hong Kong Phenome Research Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xingxuan Chen
- Hong Kong Phenome Research Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Hong Kong Phenome Research Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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11
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Qin Z, Li M, Cheng J, Huang Z, Ai G, Qu C, Xie Y, Li Y, Liao H, Xie J, Su Z. Self-Assembled nanoparticles Combining Berberine and Sodium Taurocholate for Enhanced Anti-Hyperuricemia Effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4101-4120. [PMID: 37525694 PMCID: PMC10387259 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s409513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Propose Berberine (BBR) is extensively studied as an outstanding anti-hyperuricemia drug. However, the clinical application of BBR was limited due to its poor absorption and low bioavailability. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to find a novel drug formulation to address the issues of BBR in clinical application. Methods Herein, we conducted the solubility, characterization experiments to verify whether BBR and sodium taurocholate (STC) self-assembled nanoparticles (STC@BBR-SANPs) could form. Furthermore, we proceeded the release experiment in vitro and in vivo to investigate the drug release effect. Finally, we explored the therapeutic effect of STC@BBR-SANPs on hyperuricemia (HUA) through morphological observation of organs and measurement of related indicators. Results The solubility, particle size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and stability studies showed that the stable STC@BBR-SANPs could be formed in the BBR-STC system at ratio of 1:4. Meanwhile, the tissue distribution experiments revealed that the STC@BBR-SANPs could accelerate the absorption and distribution of BBR. In addition, the pharmacology study demonstrated that both BBR and STC@BBR-SANPs exhibited favorable anti-HUA effects and nephroprotective effects, while STC@BBR-SANPs showed better therapeutic action than that of BBR. Conclusion This work indicated that STC@BBR-SANPs can be self-assembly formed, and exerts excellent uric acid-lowering effect. STC@BBR-SANPs can help to solve the problems of poor solubility and low absorption rate of BBR in clinical use, and provide a new perspective for the future development of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiang Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Qu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youliang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijun Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Services, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (the 6th affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Long XQ, Liu MZ, Liu ZH, Xia LZ, Lu SP, Xu XP, Wu MH. Bile acids and their receptors: Potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4252-4270. [PMID: 37545642 PMCID: PMC10401658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a complex interplay between genetics and intestinal dysbiosis are called inflammatory bowel disease. As a result of the interaction between the liver and the gut microbiota, bile acids are an atypical class of steroids produced in mammals and traditionally known for their function in food absorption. With the development of genomics and metabolomics, more and more data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease are regulated by bile acids and their receptors. Bile acids operate as signalling molecules by activating a variety of bile acid receptors that impact intestinal flora, epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immunology. Inflammatory bowel disease can be treated in new ways by using these potential molecules. This paper mainly discusses the increasing function of bile acids and their receptors in inflammatory bowel disease and their prospective therapeutic applications. In addition, we explore bile acid metabolism and the interaction of bile acids and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Quan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lv-Zhou Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Peng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
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13
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Zhu Y, Mei Y, Baby N, Teo HY, Binte Hanafi Z, Mohd Salleh SN, Sajikumar S, Liu H. Tumor-mediated microbiota alteration impairs synaptic tagging/capture in the hippocampal CA1 area via IL-1β production. Commun Biol 2023; 6:685. [PMID: 37400621 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients often experience impairments in cognitive function. However, the evidence for tumor-mediated neurological impairment and detailed mechanisms are still lacking. Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be involved in the immune system homeostasis and brain functions. Here we find that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth alters the gut microbiota and impedes the cognitive functions. The synaptic tagging and capture (STC), an associative cellular mechanism for the formation of associative memory, is impaired in the tumor-bearing mice. STC expression is rescued after microbiota sterilization. Transplantation of microbiota from HCC tumor-bearing mice induces similar STC impairment in wide type mice. Mechanistic study reveals that HCC growth significantly elevates the serum and hippocampus IL-1β levels. IL-1β depletion in the HCC tumor-bearing mice restores the STC. Taken together, these results demonstrate that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in mediating the tumor-induced impairment of the cognitive function via upregulating IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Yu Mei
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Nimmi Baby
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Zuhairah Binte Hanafi
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh
- Human Monoclonal Antibody Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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14
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Shatova OP, Zabolotneva AA, Shestopalov AV. Molecular Ensembles of Microbiotic Metabolites in Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:867-879. [PMID: 37751860 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of carcinogenesis are extremely complex and involve multiple components that contribute to the malignant cell transformation, tumor growth, and metastasis. In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the role of symbiotic human microbiota in the regulation of metabolism and functioning of host immune system. The symbiosis between a macroorganism and its microbiota has given rise to the concept of a holoorganism. Interactions between the components of a holoorganism have formed in the process of coevolution, resulting in the acquisition by microbiotic metabolites of a special role of signaling molecules and main regulators of molecular interactions in the holoorganism. As elements of signaling pathways in the host organism, bacterial metabolites have become essential participants in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor growth. At the same time, signaling metabolites often exhibit multiple effects and impact both the functions of the host cells and metabolic activity and composition of the microbiome. This review discusses the role of microbiotic metabolites in the induction and prevention of malignant transformation of cells in the host organism and their impact on the efficacy of anticancer therapy, with special emphasis on the involvement of some components of the microbial metabolite molecular ensemble in the initiation and progression of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Shatova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Peoples's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Zabolotneva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V Shestopalov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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15
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Yao Z, Jiang F, Luo H, Zhou J, Shi W, Xu S, Zhang Y, Dai F, Li X, Liu Z, Wang X. Causal Effects of Blood Lipid Traits on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:730. [PMID: 37367888 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), have become a global health problem with a rapid growth of incidence in newly industrialized countries. Observational studies have recognized associations between blood lipid traits and IBDs, but the causality still remains unclear. To determine the causal effects of blood lipid traits, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on IBDs, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using the summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics of blood lipid traits and IBDs. Our univariable MR using multiplicative random-effect inverse-variance weight (IVW) method identified TC (OR: 0.674; 95% CI: 0.554, 0.820; p < 0.00625) and LDL-C (OR: 0.685; 95% CI: 0.546, 0.858; p < 0.00625) as protective factors of UC. The result of our multivariable MR analysis further provided suggestive evidence of the protective effect of TC on UC risk (OR: 0.147; 95% CI: 0.025, 0.883; p < 0.05). Finally, our MR-BMA analysis prioritized TG (MIP: 0.336; θ^MACE: -0.025; PP: 0.31; θ^λ: -0.072) and HDL-C (MIP: 0.254; θ^MACE: -0.011; PP: 0.232; θ^λ: -0.04) for CD and TC (MIP: 0.721; θ^MACE: -0.257; PP: 0.648; θ^λ: -0.356) and LDL-C (MIP: 0.31; θ^MACE: -0.095; PP: 0.256; θ^λ: -0.344) for UC as the top-ranked protective factors. In conclusion, the causal effect of TC for UC prevention was robust across all of our MR approaches, which provide the first evidence that genetically determined TC is causally associated with reduced risk of UC. The finding of this study provides important insights into the metabolic regulation of IBDs and potential metabolites targeting strategies for IBDs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Yao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiyu Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongbin Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanting Shi
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shoufang Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Dai
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Ahmad F, Saha P, Singh V, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Nath Mishra B, Fagoonee S, Haque S. Diet as a modifiable factor in tumorigenesis: Focus on microbiome-derived bile acid metabolites and short-chain fatty acids. Food Chem 2023; 410:135320. [PMID: 36610090 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidences have implicated the resident microbiome as a key factor in the modulation of host physiology and pathophysiology; including the resistance to cancers. Gut microbiome heavily influences host lipid homeostasis by their modulatory effects on the metabolism of bile acids (BAs). Microbiota-derived BA metabolites such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are implicated in the pathogeneses of various cancer types. The pathogenic mechanisms are multimodal in nature, with widespread influences on the host immunes system, cell survival and growth signalling and DNA damage. On the other hand, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the resident microbial activity on indigestible dietary fibres as well as during intermittent fasting regimens (such as the Ramazan fasting) elicit upregulation of the beneficial anti-inflammatory and anticancer pathways in the host. The present review first provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-derived lipid metabolites in promotion of tumour development. The authors then discuss the potential of diet as a therapeutic route for beneficial alteration of microbiota and the consequent changes in the production of SCFAs, particularly butyrate, in relation to the cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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17
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Sun X, Chen Z, Yu L, Zeng W, Sun B, Fan H, Bai Y. Bacteroides dorei BDX-01 alleviates DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice by regulating intestinal bile salt hydrolase activity and the FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205323. [PMID: 37292154 PMCID: PMC10244678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationships among intestinal dysbiosis, bile acid (BA) metabolism disorders, and ulcerative colitis pathogenesis are now recognized. However, how specific strains regulate BA metabolism to alleviate colitis is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of Bacteroides dorei on the development of acute colitis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The safety of BDX-01 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice, Caco-2, and J774A.1 cells were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of BDX-01. qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of inflammatory pathways. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Enzyme activity analysis and targeted metabolomics were used to analyze fecal bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and BA levels. Antibiotic-induced pseudo-germ-free mice were used to investigate the role of gut microbiota in the alleviation of colitis by BDX-01. Results: We confirmed the safety of novel strain Bacteroides dorei BDX-01 in vitro and in vivo. Oral BDX-01 administration significantly ameliorated the symptoms and pathological damage of DSS-induced acute colitis. Moreoever, 16S rRNA sequencing and enzyme activity analysis showed that BDX-01 treatment increased intestinal BSH activity and the abundance of bacteria harboring this enzyme. Targeted metabolomics revealed that BDX-01 significantly increased intestinal BA excretion and deconjugation. Certain BAs act as FXR agonists. The β-muricholic acid (βMCA): taurine β-muricholic acid (T-βMCA) and cholic acid (CA): taurocholic acid (TCA) ratios and the deoxycholic acid (DCA) level decreased markedly in the colitis models but increased substantially in BDX-01-treated mice. The colonic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) were upregulated in mice treated with BDX-01. BDX-01 downregulated the expression of colonic proinflammatory cytokines pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β. Antibiotic treatment didn't abolish the protective effect of BDX-01 on colitis. In vitro studies showed TβMCA abolished the effects of BDX-01 on FXR activation and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusion: BDX-01 improved DSS-induced acute colitis by regulating intestinal BSH activity and the FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that BDX-01 is a promising probiotic to improve the management of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyuan Sun
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Su X, Gao Y, Yang R. Gut microbiota derived bile acid metabolites maintain the homeostasis of gut and systemic immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127743. [PMID: 37256134 PMCID: PMC10225537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) as cholesterol-derived molecules play an essential role in some physiological processes such as nutrient absorption, glucose homeostasis and regulation of energy expenditure. They are synthesized in the liver as primary BAs such as cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and conjugated forms. A variety of secondary BAs such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) and their derivatives is synthesized in the intestine through the involvement of various microorganisms. In addition to essential physiological functions, BAs and their metabolites are also involved in the differentiation and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells such as macrophages (Macs), dendritic cells (DCs), myeloid derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), Breg cells, T helper (Th)17 cells, CD4 Th1 and Th2 cells, CD8 cells, B cells and NKT cells. Dysregulation of the BAs and their metabolites also affects development of some diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases. We here summarize recent advances in how BAs and their metabolites maintain gut and systemic homeostasis, including the metabolism of the BAs and their derivatives, the role of BAs and their metabolites in the differentiation and function of immune cells, and the effects of BAs and their metabolites on immune-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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19
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Buchynskyi M, Kamyshna I, Oksenych V, Zavidniuk N, Kamyshnyi A. The Intersection of COVID-19 and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: An Overview of the Current Evidence. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051072. [PMID: 37243158 DOI: 10.3390/v15051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is currently experiencing the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which has caused the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. With our profound comprehension of COVID-19, encompassing the involvement sequence of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system, and cardiovascular apparatus, the multiorgan symptoms of this infectious disease have been discerned. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a pervasive public health concern intricately linked with metabolic dysregulation and estimated to afflict one-fourth of the global adult population. The burgeoning focus on the association between COVID-19 and MAFLD is justified by the potential role of the latter as a risk factor for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and the subsequent emergence of severe COVID-19 symptoms. Investigations have suggested that changes in both innate and adaptive immune responses among MAFLD patients may play a role in determining the severity of COVID-19. The remarkable similarities observed in the cytokine pathways implicated in both diseases imply the existence of shared mechanisms governing the chronic inflammatory responses characterizing these conditions. The effect of MAFLD on the severity of COVID-19 illness remains uncertain, as indicated by conflicting results in cohort investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Buchynskyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Kamyshna
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nataliia Zavidniuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venerology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
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20
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Bile salt hydrolase of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum plays important roles in amelioration of DSS-induced colitis. iScience 2023; 26:106196. [PMID: 36895642 PMCID: PMC9988676 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolases are thought to be the gatekeepers of bile acid metabolism. To study the role of BSH in colitis, we investigated the ameliorative effects of different BSH-knockout strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113. The results showed that L. plantarum Δbsh 1 and Δbsh 3 treatments did not improve body weight and alleviate the hyperactivated myeloperoxidase activity to the DSS group. However, the findings for L. plantarum AR113, L. plantarum Δbsh 2 and Δbsh 4 treatments were completely opposite. The double and triple bsh knockout strains further confirmed that BSH 1 and BSH 3 are critical for the ameliorative effects of L. plantarum AR113. In addition, L. plantarum Δbsh 1 and Δbsh 3 did not significantly inhibit the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines or the decrease in an anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that BSH 1 and BSH 3 in L. plantarum play important roles in alleviating enteritis symptoms.
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21
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Luxenburger A, Harris LD, Ure EM, Jiao W, Woolhouse AD, Cameron SA, Weymouth-Wilson A, Furneaux RH, Pitman JL, Hinkley SFR. The discovery of 12β-methyl-17-epi-18-nor-bile acids as potent and selective TGR5 agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115143. [PMID: 36841086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries have demonstrated that the physiological function of bile acids extends to the regulation of diverse signaling processes through interactions with nuclear and G protein-coupled receptors, most notably the Farnesoid-X nuclear receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5). Targeting such signaling pathways pharmacologically, i.e. with bile acid-derived therapeutics, presents great potential for the treatment of various metabolic, inflammatory immune, liver, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we report the discovery of two potent and selective TGR5 agonists (NZP196 and 917). These compounds are the taurine conjugates of 6α-ethyl-substituted 12β-methyl-18-nor-bile acids with the side chain being located on the α-face of the steroid scaffold. The compounds emerged from a screening effort of a diverse library of 12β-methyl-18-nor-bile acids that were synthesized from 12β-methyl-18-nor-chenodeoxycholic acid and its C17-epimer. Upon testing for FXR activity, both compounds were found to be inactive, thus revealing selectivity for TGR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Luxenburger
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand.
| | - Lawrence D Harris
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth M Ure
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - Wanting Jiao
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - Anthony D Woolhouse
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - Scott A Cameron
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard H Furneaux
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - Janet L Pitman
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
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22
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Wang J, Zhu N, Su X, Gao Y, Yang R. Gut-Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Immune Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050793. [PMID: 36899929 PMCID: PMC10000530 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host immune response and homeostasis. Alterations of the gut microbiota have been found in many immune-related diseases. The metabolites generated by specific microorganisms in the gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan (Trp) and bile acid (BA) metabolites, not only affect genetic and epigenetic regulation but also impact metabolism in the immune cells, including immunosuppressive and inflammatory cells. The immunosuppressive cells (such as tolerogenic macrophages (tMacs), tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs), myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Breg) and innate lymphocytes (ILCs)) and inflammatory cells (such as inflammatory Macs (iMacs), DCs, CD4 T helper (Th)1, CD4Th2, Th17, natural killer (NK) T cells, NK cells and neutrophils) can express different receptors for SCFAs, Trp and BA metabolites from different microorganisms. Activation of these receptors not only promotes the differentiation and function of immunosuppressive cells but also inhibits inflammatory cells, causing the reprogramming of the local and systemic immune system to maintain the homeostasis of the individuals. We here will summarize the recent advances in understanding the metabolism of SCFAs, Trp and BA in the gut microbiota and the effects of SCFAs, Trp and BA metabolites on gut and systemic immune homeostasis, especially on the differentiation and functions of the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ningning Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Fiorillo B, Roselli R, Finamore C, Biagioli M, di Giorgio C, Bordoni M, Conflitti P, Marchianò S, Bellini R, Rapacciuolo P, Cassiano C, Limongelli V, Sepe V, Catalanotti B, Fiorucci S, Zampella A. Discovery of a Novel Class of Dual GPBAR1 Agonists-RORγt Inverse Agonists for the Treatment of IL-17-Mediated Disorders. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5983-5994. [PMID: 36816679 PMCID: PMC9933477 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ-t (RORγt) and GPBAR1, a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor for bile acids, are attractive drug targets to develop clinically relevant small modulators as potent therapeutics for autoimmune diseases. Herein, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated several new bile acid-derived ligands with potent dual activity. Furthermore, we performed molecular docking and MD calculations of the best dual modulators in the two targets to identify the binding modes as well as to better understand the molecular basis of the inverse agonism of RORγt by bile acid derivatives. Among these compounds, 7 was identified as a GPBAR1 agonist (EC50 5.9 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC50 0.107 μM), with excellent pharmacokinetic properties. Finally, the most promising ligand displayed robust anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Roselli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Finamore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza L. Severi, 1-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza L. Severi, 1-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Conflitti
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza L. Severi, 1-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rachele Bellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza L. Severi, 1-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Rapacciuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Limongelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza L. Severi, 1-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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24
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Michaels M, Madsen KL. Immunometabolism and microbial metabolites at the gut barrier: Lessons for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:72-85. [PMID: 36642380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of immunometabolism has emerged recently whereby the repolarizing of inflammatory immune cells toward anti-inflammatory profiles by manipulating cellular metabolism represents a new potential therapeutic approach to controlling inflammation. Metabolic pathways in immune cells are tightly regulated to maintain immune homeostasis and appropriate functional specificity. Because effector and regulatory immune cell populations have different metabolic requirements, this allows for cellular selectivity when regulating immune responses based on metabolic pathways. Gut microbes have a major role in modulating immune cell metabolic profiles and functional responses through extensive interactions involving metabolic products and crosstalk between gut microbes, intestinal epithelial cells, and mucosal immune cells. Developing strategies to target metabolic pathways in mucosal immune cells through the modulation of gut microbial metabolism has the potential for new therapeutic approaches for human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. This review will give an overview of the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and immune responses, how microbial metabolites influence these interactions, and how these pathways could be harnessed in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Michaels
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; IMPACTT: Integrated Microbiome Platforms for Advancing Causation Testing & Translation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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25
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Bile acids and their receptors in regulation of gut health and diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101210. [PMID: 36577494 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that bile acids play important roles in lipid metabolism. In recent decades, bile acids have also been shown to function as signaling molecules via interacting with various receptors. Bile acids circulate continuously through the enterohepatic circulation and go through microbial transformation by gut microbes, and thus bile acids metabolism has profound effects on the liver and intestinal tissues as well as the gut microbiota. Farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 are two pivotal bile acid receptors that highly expressed in the intestinal tissues, and they have emerged as pivotal regulators in bile acids metabolism, innate immunity and inflammatory responses. There is considerable interest in manipulating the metabolism of bile acids and the expression of bile acid receptors as this may be a promising strategy to regulate intestinal health and disease. This review aims to summarize the roles of bile acids and their receptors in regulation of gut health and diseases.
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26
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Fan J, Zhang M, Hasan A, Yi Y, Yu R, Zhou X, Ye M, Qiao X. Expanding the Scope of Targeted Metabolomics by One-pot Microscale Synthesis and Tailored Metabolite Profiling: Investigation of Bile Acid–Amino Acid Conjugates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16596-16603. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aobulikasimu Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xujie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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27
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Zheng L. New insights into the interplay between intestinal flora and bile acids in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10823-10839. [PMID: 36338232 PMCID: PMC9631134 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora plays a key role in nutrient absorption, metabolism and immune defense, and is considered to be the cornerstone of maintaining the health of human hosts. Bile acids synthesized in the liver can not only promote the absorption of fat-soluble substances in the intestine, but also directly or indirectly affect the structure and function of intestinal flora. Under the action of intestinal flora, bile acids can be converted into secondary bile acids, which can be reabsorbed back to the liver through the enterohepatic circulation. The complex dialogue mechanism between intestinal flora and bile acids is involved in the development of intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, the effects of intestinal flora, bile acids and their interactions on IBD and the progress of treatment were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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28
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Li L, Liu T, Gu Y, Wang X, Xie R, Sun Y, Wang B, Cao H. Regulation of gut microbiota-bile acids axis by probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974305. [PMID: 36211363 PMCID: PMC9539765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of gastrointestinal tract, with steadily increased incidence and prevalence worldwide. Although the precise pathogenesis remains unclear, gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs), and aberrant immune response play essential roles in the development of IBD. Lately, gut dysbiosis including certain decreased beneficial bacteria and increased pathogens and aberrant BAs metabolism have been reported in IBD. The bacteria inhabited in human gut have critical functions in BA biotransformation. Patients with active IBD have elevated primary and conjugated BAs and decreased secondary BAs, accompanied by the impaired transformation activities (mainly deconjugation and 7α-dehydroxylation) of gut microbiota. Probiotics have exhibited certain positive effects by different mechanisms in the therapy of IBD. This review discussed the effectiveness of probiotics in certain clinical and animal model studies that might involve in gut microbiota-BAs axis. More importantly, the possible mechanisms of probiotics on regulating gut microbiota-BAs axis in IBD were elucidated, which we focused on the elevated gut bacteria containing bile salt hydrolase or BA-inducible enzymes at genus/species level that might participate in the BA biotransformation. Furthermore, beneficial effects exerted by activation of BA-activated receptors on intestinal immunity were also summarized, which might partially explain the protect effects and mechanisms of probiotics on IBD. Therefore, this review will provide new insights into a better understanding of probiotics in the therapy targeting gut microbiota-BAs axis of IBD.
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29
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Impact of Blueberry Consumption on the Human Fecal Bileacidome: A Pilot Study of Bile Acid Modulation by Freeze-Dried Blueberry. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183857. [PMID: 36145234 PMCID: PMC9501813 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-derived bile acids (BAs) affect numerous physiological functions such as glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and absorption, intestinal inflammation and immunity, as well as intestinal microbiota diversity. Diet influences the composition of the BA pool. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of a dietary supplementation with a freeze-dried blueberry powder (BBP) on the fecal BA pool composition. The diet of 11 men and 13 women at risk of metabolic syndrome was supplemented with 50 g/day of BBP for 8 weeks, and feces were harvested before (pre) and after (post) BBP consumption. BAs were profiled using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. No significant changes in total BAs were detected when comparing pre- vs. post-BBP consumption samples. However, post-BBP consumption samples exhibited significant accumulations of glycine-conjugated BAs (p = 0.04), glycochenodeoxycholic (p = 0.01), and glycoursodeoxycholic (p = 0.01) acids, as well as a significant reduction (p = 0.03) in the secondary BA levels compared with pre-BBP feces. In conclusion, the fecal bileacidome is significantly altered after the consumption of BBP for 8 weeks. While additional studies are needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and physiological implications of these changes, our data suggest that the consumption of blueberries can modulate toxic BA elimination.
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30
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Hojo A, Kobayashi T, Matsubayashi M, Morikubo H, Miyatani Y, Fukuda T, Asonuma K, Sagami S, Nakano M, Matsuda T, Hibi T. Usefulness of colestimide for diarrhea in postoperative Crohn's disease. JGH Open 2022; 6:547-553. [PMID: 35928696 PMCID: PMC9344577 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Crohn's disease (CD) often causes intractable diarrhea after intestinal resection. Anion exchange resins have been reported to be effective in patients with bile acid diarrhea after distal ileectomy; furthermore, bile acid metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CD. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effectiveness of colestimide in the management of postoperative CD, and to compare its impact between patients with and those without ileocecal resection. Methods Postoperative CD patients prescribed colestimide for diarrhea between April 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively evaluated for changes in the total Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), each CDAI component including diarrhea frequency/week, albumin, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated before and after the administration of colestimide. Furthermore, comprehensive patient and physician assessments were reviewed from medical records during the first outpatient visit as a global clinical judgment after the initiation of colestimide therapy. Results A total of 24 patients were included, of whom 17 had a previous history of ileocecal resection. Significant improvement was noted in CDAI and diarrhea frequency only in the ileocecal resection group (CDAI: 114.5 ± 52.7 and 95.4 ± 34.8, P < 0.05; diarrhea frequency/week 23.8 ± 14.1 and 15.4 ± 11.2, P < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant improvement in other CDAI components, albumin level, or CRP level in either group. In the global clinical judgment, 13 and 4 patients in the ileocecal and non‐ileocecal resection groups, respectively, were judged as “effective,” with an overall efficacy rate of 70.8%. Conclusion Colestimide is effective for diarrhea in patients with postoperative CD, especially after ileocecal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hojo
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Mao Matsubayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromu Morikubo
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyatani
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukuda
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Kunio Asonuma
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Shintaro Sagami
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaru Nakano
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahisa Matsuda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan
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Fan Y, Xu C, Xie L, Wang Y, Zhu S, An J, Li Y, Tian Z, Yan Y, Yu S, Liu H, Jia B, Wang Y, Wang L, Yang L, Bian Y. Abnormal bile acid metabolism is an important feature of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in patients with slow transit constipation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:956528. [PMID: 35967856 PMCID: PMC9366892 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.956528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Destructions in the intestinal ecosystem are implicated with changes in slow transit constipation (STC), which is a kind of intractable constipation characterized by colonic motility disorder. In order to deepen the understanding of the structure of the STC gut microbiota and the relationship between the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, we first used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to evaluate the gut microbiota in 30 STC patients and 30 healthy subjects. The α-diversity of the STC group was changed to a certain degree, and the β-diversity was significantly different, which indicated that the composition of the gut microbiota of STC patients was inconsistent with healthy subjects. Among them, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Ruminiclostridium were significantly upregulated, while Subdoligranulum was significantly downregulated. The metabolomics showed that different metabolites between the STC and the control group were involved in the process of bile acids and lipid metabolism, including taurocholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, taurine, deoxycholic acid, cyclohexylsulfamate, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholate, arachidonic acid, and 4-pyridoxic acid. We found that the colon histomorphology of STC patients was significantly disrupted, and TGR5 and FXR were significantly downregulated. The differences in metabolites were related to changes in the abundance of specific bacteria and patients’ intestinal dysfunction. Analysis of the fecal genomics and metabolomics enabled separation of the STC from controls based on random forest model prediction [STC vs. control (14 gut microbiota and metabolite biomarkers)—Sensitivity: 1, Specificity: 0.877]. This study provided a perspective for the diagnosis and intervention of STC related with abnormal bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Fan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Lulu Xie
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiren An
- The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikui Tian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haizhao Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Beitian Jia
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- The Pharmacy Department, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Long Yang, ; Yuhong Bian,
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Long Yang, ; Yuhong Bian,
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Crohn’s Disease, Host–Microbiota Interactions, and Immunonutrition: Dietary Strategies Targeting Gut Microbiome as Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158361. [PMID: 35955491 PMCID: PMC9369148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex, disabling, idiopathic, progressive, and destructive disorder with an unknown etiology. The pathogenesis of CD is multifactorial and involves the interplay between host genetics, and environmental factors, resulting in an aberrant immune response leading to intestinal inflammation. Due to the high morbidity and long-term management of CD, the development of non-pharmacological approaches to mitigate the severity of CD has recently attracted great attention. The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important player in the development of CD, and general alterations in the gut microbiome have been established in these patients. Thus, the gut microbiome has emerged as a pre-eminent target for potential new treatments in CD. Epidemiological and interventional studies have demonstrated that diet could impact the gut microbiome in terms of composition and functionality. However, how specific dietary strategies could modulate the gut microbiota composition and how this would impact host–microbe interactions in CD are still unclear. In this review, we discuss the most recent knowledge on host–microbe interactions and their involvement in CD pathogenesis and severity, and we highlight the most up-to-date information on gut microbiota modulation through nutritional strategies, focusing on the role of the microbiota in gut inflammation and immunity.
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Surace L, Di Santo JP. Local and systemic features of ILC immunometabolism. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:209-217. [PMID: 35787549 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are specialized immune cells that rapidly sense environmental perturbations and regulate immune responses and tissue homeostasis. ILCs are mainly tissue resident and their crosstalk within tissue microenvironments influences both local and systemic metabolism. Reciprocally, metabolic status conditions ILC phenotype and effector function. In this review, we discuss the role of ILCs as metabolic sentinels and describe how ILC subset-specific activities influence homeostasis and disease. Finally, we highlight emerging challenges in the field of ILC immunometabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggests that ILCs metabolism, phenotype, and function are shaped by signals from the tissue microenvironment. Dietary, endogenous, and microbial metabolites are sensed by ILC subsets and can impact on ILC-mediated immune responses. Recent studies have found that mitochondria are central regulators of ILC effector function. Furthermore, ILCs have emerged as crucial sensors of metabolic stress, suggesting they might act as metabolic sentinels, coordinating tissue and host metabolism. SUMMARY Our understanding how ILCs mechanistically regulate host metabolism and defenses is still incomplete. Unraveling critical metabolic features of ILCs may lead to novel therapeutic strategies that target these cells in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Surace
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, , Bonn, Germany
| | - James P Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
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34
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Lin QX, Huang WW, Shen W, Deng XS, Tang ZY, Chen ZH, Zhao W, Fan HY. Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Increases Inflammatory Susceptibility in Neonatal Offspring by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889646. [PMID: 35769469 PMCID: PMC9234109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease of pregnancy that is characterized by increased bile acid levels in maternal serum. Studies have shown that cholestatic pregnancy can result in long-term metabolic disturbances in the offspring. However, how ICP shapes the offspring’s immunity and predisposition to inflammatory disorders at an early stage is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of maternal cholestasis on neonatal offspring metabolism and immune function. We compared 71 neonates with ICP mothers and 63 neonates with healthy mothers and found that the incidence of jaundice and infection was significantly higher in ICP offspring. Maternal serum total bile acid level was associated with blood cell counts in full-term ICP offspring. In animal experiments, a compensatory activation of hepatic and ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and altered gut microbiota in the first week were found in ICP offspring. We also investigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in neonatal rats and found that ICP offspring were more susceptible to inflammation. To understand the correlation between congenital abnormal FXR activation and tissue immunity dysregulation, we assessed the effects of the FXR agonist GW4064 and FXR antagonist E/Z-GS in ICP offspring after LPS exposure. The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly decreased after treatment with E/Z-GS but increased after treatment with GW4064. Treatment with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRX01 that inhibits FXR expression in the ileum reduced susceptibility to LPS exposure in ICP offspring. The current study indicated that cholestatic pregnancy may increase the susceptibility of the offspring to inflammation by altering bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota at an early stage. We suggest that supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRX01, which inhibits FXR expression in the ileum, may improve intestinal immunity in ICP offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-xi Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-shi Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-yu Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-ying Fan,
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35
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GLP-1 Mediates Regulation of Colonic ACE2 Expression by the Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 in Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071187. [PMID: 35406751 PMCID: PMC8998127 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: ACE2, a carboxypeptidase that generates Ang-(1-7) from Ang II, is highly expressed in the lung, small intestine and colon. GPBAR1, is a G protein bile acid receptor that promotes the release of the insulinotropic factor glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and attenuates intestinal inflammation. Methods: We investigated the expression of ACE2, GLP-1 and GPBAR1 in two cohorts of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and three mouse models of colitis and Gpbar1−/− mice. Activation of GPBAR1 in these models and in vitro was achieved by BAR501, a selective GPBAR1 agonist. Results: In IBD patients, ACE2 mRNA expression was regulated in a site-specific manner in response to inflammation. While expression of ileal ACE2 mRNA was reduced, the colon expression was induced. Colon expression of ACE2 mRNA in IBD correlated with expression of TNF-α and GPBAR1. A positive correlation occurred between GCG and GPBAR1 in human samples and animal models of colitis. In these models, ACE2 mRNA expression was further upregulated by GPABR1 agonism and reversed by exendin-3, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In in vitro studies, liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, increased the expression of ACE2 in colon epithelial cells/macrophages co-cultures. Conclusions: ACE2 mRNA expression in the colon of IBD patients and rodent models of colitis is regulated in a TNF-α- and GLP-1-dependent manner. We have identified a GPBAR1/GLP-1 mechanism as a positive modulator of ACE2.
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36
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Thomas JP, Modos D, Rushbrook SM, Powell N, Korcsmaros T. The Emerging Role of Bile Acids in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829525. [PMID: 35185922 PMCID: PMC8850271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that arises due to complex interactions between host genetic risk factors, environmental factors, and a dysbiotic gut microbiota. Although metagenomic approaches have attempted to characterise the dysbiosis occurring in IBD, the precise mechanistic pathways interlinking the gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosa are still yet to be unravelled. To deconvolute these complex interactions, a more reductionist approach involving microbial metabolites has been suggested. Bile acids have emerged as a key class of microbiota-associated metabolites that are perturbed in IBD patients. In recent years, metabolomics studies have revealed a consistent defect in bile acid metabolism with an increase in primary bile acids and a reduction in secondary bile acids in IBD patients. This review explores the evolving evidence that specific bile acid metabolites interact with intestinal epithelial and immune cells to contribute to the inflammatory milieu seen in IBD. Furthermore, we summarise evidence linking bile acids with intracellular pathways that are known to be relevant in IBD including autophagy, apoptosis, and the inflammasome pathway. Finally, we discuss how novel experimental and bioinformatics approaches could further advance our understanding of the role of bile acids and inform novel therapeutic strategies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Thomas
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Organisms and Ecosystem, Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Dezso Modos
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Organisms and Ecosystem, Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M Rushbrook
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Hepatology, University of East Anglia Medical School, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Powell
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Organisms and Ecosystem, Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Yi YL, Li Y, Guo S, Yan H, Ma XF, Tao WW, Shang EX, Niu Y, Qian DW, Duan JA. Elucidation of the Reinforcing Spleen Effect of Jujube Fruits Based on Metabolomics and Intestinal Flora Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:847828. [PMID: 35402299 PMCID: PMC8987507 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.847828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit (JF) is widely consumed as food in Asian countries due to its potential effects for human health. As a traditional Chinese medicine, JF is often used to treat anorexia, fatigue and loose stools caused by spleen deficiency syndromes in China, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, a rat model of spleen deficiency syndromes was adopted to investigate the therapeutic effect of JF extract and its possible mechanism by metabolomics analyses of plasma and urine as well as the intestinal flora analysis. The results showed that the changes in plasma and urine metabolites caused by spleen deficiency were reversed after administration of JF, and these changed endogenous metabolites were mainly involved in retinol metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, nicotinate and niacinamide metabolism pathways. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that JF could regulate intestinal flora imbalance caused by spleen deficiency. The covariance analysis of intestinal flora structure and metabolome indicated that Aerococcus may be a candidate strain for predicting and treating the metabolic pathways of spleen deficiency and related disorders. In summary, it can be revealed that spleen deficiency, which alters metabolic profiles and the intestinal flora, could be alleviated effectively by JF extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ling Yi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Guo, ; Jin-ao Duan,
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-fei Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-wei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Er-xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Da-wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Guo, ; Jin-ao Duan,
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