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Quan Q, Ma X, Li M, Li X, Yuan H. Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes β‑amyloid peptide degradation through inhibition of the ERK/PPARγ phosphorylation pathway in an Alzheimer's disease neuronal model. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:31. [PMID: 38125359 PMCID: PMC10731411 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposition in the brain is an important pathological change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), which is regulated transcriptionally by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), is able to proteolyze Aβ. One of the members of the MAPK family, ERK, is able to mediate the phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser112, thereby inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the active ingredients in the natural medicine ginseng and has inhibitory effects on Aβ production. The present study was designed to investigate whether ginsenoside Rg1 is able to affect the regulation of PPARγ based on the expression of its target gene, IDE, and whether it is able to promote Aβ degradation via inhibition of the ERK/PPARγ phosphorylation pathway. In the present study, primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons were treated with Aβ1-42, ginsenoside Rg1 and the ERK inhibitor PD98059, and subsequently TUNEL staining was used to detect the level of neuronal apoptosis. ELISA was subsequently employed to detect the intra- and extracellular Aβ1-42 levels, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to detect the translocation of ERK from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the co-expression of ERK and PPARγ, and finally, western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser112 and IDE expression. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 or PD98059 were able to inhibit primary cultured hippocampal neuron apoptosis induced by Aβ1-42 treatment, reduce the levels of intra- and extraneuronal Aβ1-42 and inhibit the translocation of ERK from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Furthermore, administration of ginsenoside Rg1 or PD98059 resulted in attenuated co-expression of ERK and PPARγ, inhibition of phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser112 mediated by ERK and an increase in IDE expression. In addition, the effects when PD98059 to inhibit ERK followed by treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 were found to be more pronounced than those when using PD98059 alone. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rg1 was demonstrated to exert neuroprotective effects on AD via inhibition of the ERK/PPARγ phosphorylation pathway, which led to an increase in IDE expression, the promotion of Aβ degradation and the decrease of neuronal apoptosis. These results could provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of ginsenoside Rg1 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Ma
- Department of Psychology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Sanz-González A, Cózar-Castellano I, Broca C, Sabatier J, Acosta GA, Royo M, Hernándo-Muñoz C, Torroba T, Perdomo G, Merino B. Pharmacological activation of insulin-degrading enzyme improves insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3268-3278. [PMID: 37493025 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the use of synthetic preimplantation factor (sPIF) as a potential therapeutic tool for improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the setting of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a preclinical murine model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 12 weeks. Saline or sPIF (1 mg/kg/day) was administered to mice by subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini-pumps for 25 days. Glucose tolerance, circulating insulin and C-peptide levels, and GSIS were assessed. In addition, β-cells (Min-6) were used to test the effects of sPIF on GSIS and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) activity in vitro. The effect of sPIF on GSIS was also tested in human islets. RESULTS GSIS was enhanced 2-fold by sPIF in human islets ex vivo. Furthermore, continuous administration of sPIF to HFD mice increased circulating levels of insulin and improved glucose tolerance, independently of hepatic insulin clearance. Of note, islets isolated from mice treated with sPIF exhibited restored β-cell function. Finally, genetic (shRNA-IDE) or pharmacological (6bK) inactivation of IDE in Min-6 abolished sPIF-mediated effects on GSIS, showing that both the protein and its protease activity are required for its action. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that sPIF is a promising secretagogue for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sanz-González
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad de Valladolid (UVa), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad de Valladolid (UVa), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Broca
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCDPRIMS), IRMB Hop. St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julia Sabatier
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCDPRIMS), IRMB Hop. St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gerardo A Acosta
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Hernándo-Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Tomás Torroba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad de Valladolid (UVa), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad de Valladolid (UVa), Valladolid, Spain
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Tundo GR, Grasso G, Persico M, Tkachuk O, Bellia F, Bocedi A, Marini S, Parravano M, Graziani G, Fattorusso C, Sbardella D. The Insulin-Degrading Enzyme from Structure to Allosteric Modulation: New Perspectives for Drug Design. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1492. [PMID: 37892174 PMCID: PMC10604886 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a Zn2+ peptidase originally discovered as the main enzyme involved in the degradation of insulin and other amyloidogenic peptides, such as the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Therefore, a role for the IDE in the cure of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been long envisaged. Anyway, its role in degrading amyloidogenic proteins remains not clearly defined and, more recently, novel non-proteolytic functions of the IDE have been proposed. From a structural point of view, the IDE presents an atypical clamshell structure, underscoring unique enigmatic enzymological properties. A better understanding of the structure-function relationship may contribute to solving some existing paradoxes of IDE biology and, in light of its multifunctional activity, might lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Department of Clinical Science and Traslational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.R.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Marco Persico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (O.T.)
| | - Oleh Tkachuk
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (O.T.)
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Clinical Science and Traslational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.R.T.)
| | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (O.T.)
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Su Q, Huang J, Chen X, Wang Y, Shao M, Yan H, Chen C, Ren H, Zhang F, Ni Y, Jose PA, Zhong J, Yang J. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Decreases Renal Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Expression and Function by Inhibiting the PPARγ Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200589. [PMID: 36726048 PMCID: PMC10085830 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) causes insulin resistance, which is a primary etiological factor in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Impaired insulin clearance is not only a consequence but also a cause of insulin resistance. The kidney is a major site of insulin clearance, where the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) plays a vital role in the proximal tubule. Thus, the study investigates the role of renal IDE in the regulation of insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty four-weeks of HFD in C57BL/6 mice causes insulin resistance and impaires insulin clearance, accompanied by a decrease in renal IDE expression and activity. Palmitic acid decreases IDE mRNA and protein expressions in HK-2 cells. RNA-Seq analysis found that the PPAR pathway is involved. 24-weeks of HFD decreases renal PPARγ, but not PPARα or PPARβ/δ mRNA expression. The inhibition of IDE expression by palmitic acid is prevented by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. The amount of PPARγ bound to the promoters of IDE is decreased in palmitic acid-treated cells. Rosiglitazone improves insulin clearance and insulin resistance and increases renal IDE expression in HFD fed-mice. CONCLUSION Long-term HFD decreases renal IDE expression and activity, and causes insulin resistance, which involves PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjia Yan
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuwei Zhang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinxing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Natale F, Spinelli M, Rinaudo M, Cocco S, Nifo Sarrapochiello I, Fusco S, Grassi C. Maternal High Fat Diet Anticipates the AD-like Phenotype in 3xTg-AD Mice by Epigenetic Dysregulation of Aβ Metabolism. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020220. [PMID: 36672155 PMCID: PMC9856666 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition has been reported to affect brain plasticity of the offspring by altering gene expression, regulating both synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis. However, whether perinatal metabolic stress may influence the accumulation of misfolded proteins and the development of neurodegeneration remains to be clarified. We investigated the impact of maternal high fat diet (HFD) in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 3xTg-AD mice born to overfed mothers showed an impairment of synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits earlier than controls. Maternal HFD also altered the expression of genes regulating amyloid-β-protein (Aβ) metabolism (i.e., Bace1, Ern1, Ide and Nicastrin) and enhanced Aβ deposition in the hippocampus. Finally, we found an epigenetic derangement and an aberrant recruitment of transcription factors NF-kB and STAT3 and chromatin remodeler HDAC2 on the regulatory sequences of the same genes. Collectively, our data indicate that early life metabolic stress worsens the AD phenotype via epigenetic alteration of genes regulating Aβ synthesis and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Spinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Tyagi A, Musa M, Labeikovsky W, Pugazhenthi S. Sirt3 deficiency induced down regulation of insulin degrading enzyme in comorbid Alzheimer's disease with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19808. [PMID: 36396721 PMCID: PMC9672095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT3 deacetylates mitochondrial proteins, thereby enhancing their function. We have previously demonstrated that Sirt3 gene deletion leads to brain mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. We also reported that silencing of Sirt3 gene in APP/PS1 mice results in exacerbation of insulin resistance, neuroinflammation and β amyloid plaque deposition. To further understand how metabolic syndrome and amyloid pathology interact, we performed RNA-seq analysis of the brain samples of APP/PS1/Sirt3-/- mice. Gene expression patterns were modulated in metabolic and inflammatory pathways by Sirt3 gene deletion, amyloid pathology, and the combination. Following Sirt3 gene deletion, a key finding was the decreased expression of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), an enzyme that regulates the levels of insulin and Aβ peptides. Western diet feeding of Sirt3-/- and APP/PS1 mice resulted in decrease of IDE protein, parallel to Sirt3 downregulation. Conversely, activation of SIRT3 by nicotinamide riboside in vivo and in vitro resulted in IDE upregulation. SIRT3 activation in vivo also increased the levels of neprilysin, another Aβ degrading enzyme and decreased the levels of BACE1 which generates Aβ peptide suggesting SIRT3's role in amyloid plaque reduction. Our findings provide a plausible mechanism linking metabolic syndrome and amyloid pathology. SIRT3 may be a potential therapeutic target to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpna Tyagi
- grid.422100.50000 0000 9751 469XRocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Musa Musa
- grid.422100.50000 0000 9751 469XRocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Wladimir Labeikovsky
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Education and Research, Strauss Health Sciences Library, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- grid.422100.50000 0000 9751 469XRocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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Sui X, Wang H, Wu F, Yang C, Zhang H, Xu Z, Guo Y, Guo Z, Xin B, Ma T, Li Y, Dai Z. Hepatic metabolite responses to 4-day complete fasting and subsequent refeeding in rats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14009. [PMID: 36157064 PMCID: PMC9504452 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fasting has been widely used to improve various metabolic diseases in humans. Adaptive fasting is necessary for metabolic adaptation during prolonged fasting, which could overcome the great advantages of short-term fasting. The liver is the main organ responsible for energy metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. To date, we lack literature that describes the physiologically relevant adaptations of the liver during prolonged fasting and refeeding. For that reason, this study aims to evaluate the response of the liver of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to prolonged fasting and refeeding. Methods Sixty-six male SD rats were divided into the fasting groups, which were fasted for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h, and the refeeding groups, which were refed for 1, 3, or 6 days after 96 h of fasting. Serum glucose, TG, FFA, β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, glucagon, leptin, adiponectin and FGF21 levels were assessed. The glucose content, PEPCK activity, TG concentration and FFA content were measured in liver tissue, and the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis (PEPCK and G6Pase), ketogenesis (PPARα, CPT-1a and HMGCS2) and the protein expression of nutrient-sensing signaling molecules (AMPK, mTOR and SIRT1) were determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Fasting significantly decreased the body weight, which was totally recovered to baseline after 3 days of refeeding. A 4-day fast triggered an energy metabolic substrate shift from glucose to ketones and caused serum hormone changes and changes in the protein expression levels of nutrient-sensing signaling molecules. Glycogenolysis served as the primary fuel source during the first 24 h of fasting, while gluconeogenesis supplied the most glucose thereafter. Serum FFA concentrations increased significantly with 48 h of fasting. Serum FFAs partly caused high serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels, which became an important energy source with the prolongation of the fasting duration. One day of refeeding quickly reversed the energy substrate switch. Nutrient-sensing signaling molecules (AMPK and SIRT1 but not mTOR signaling) were highly expressed at the beginning of fasting (in the first 4 h). Serum insulin and leptin decreased with fasting initiation, and serum glucagon increased, but adiponectin and FGF21 showed no significant changes. Herein, we depicted in detail the timing of the metabolic response and adaptation of the liver to a 4-day water-only fast and subsequent refeeding in rats, which provides helpful support for the design of safe prolonged and intermittent fasting regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukun Sui
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China,Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxiu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - ZhiFeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingmu Xin
- Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongquan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Munkong N, Thim-Uam A, Pengnet S, Hansakul P, Somparn N, Naowaboot J, Tocharus J, Tocharus C. Effects of Red Rice Bran Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:180-187. [PMID: 35919575 PMCID: PMC9309068 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narongsuk Munkong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Arthid Thim-Uam
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sirinat Pengnet
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Pintusorn Hansakul
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nuntiya Somparn
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jarinyaporn Naowaboot
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Lesire L, Leroux F, Deprez-Poulain R, Deprez B. Insulin-Degrading Enzyme, an Under-Estimated Potential Target to Treat Cancer? Cells 2022; 11:1228. [PMID: 35406791 PMCID: PMC8998118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a multifunctional protease due to the variety of its substrates, its various cellular locations, its conservation between species and its many non-proteolytic functions. Numerous studies have successfully demonstrated its implication in two main therapeutic areas: metabolic and neuronal diseases. In recent years, several reports have underlined the overexpression of this enzyme in different cancers. Still, the exact role of IDE in the physiopathology of cancer remains to be elucidated. Known as the main enzyme responsible for the degradation of insulin, an essential growth factor for healthy cells and cancer cells, IDE has also been shown to behave like a chaperone and interact with the proteasome. The pharmacological modulation of IDE (siRNA, chemical compounds, etc.) has demonstrated interesting results in cancer models. All these results point towards IDE as a potential target in cancer. In this review, we will discuss evidence of links between IDE and cancer development or resistance, IDE's functions, catalytic or non-catalytic, in the context of cell proliferation, cancer development and the impact of the pharmacomodulation of IDE via cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- INSERM U1177 Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Institut Pasteur de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.L.); (F.L.); (B.D.)
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