1
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Yaugel-Novoa M, Noailly B, Jospin F, Pizzorno A, Traversier A, Pozzetto B, Waeckel L, Longet S, Pillet S, Botelho-Nevers E, Rosa-Calatrava M, Bourlet T, Paul S. Impaired mucosal IgA response in patients with severe COVID-19. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2401940. [PMID: 39358866 PMCID: PMC11451292 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2401940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, focusing particularly on the systemic humoral immune response and the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. IgA antibodies play a crucial role in protecting against respiratory viral infections but have also been associated with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. We performed a prospective study of 169 COVID-19 patients - 50 with critical/severe (ICU), 47 with moderate (Non-ICU), and 72 with asymptomatic COVID-19 - to explore the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that the early systemic IgA response strongly induced in patients with severe disease did not block IgG neutralization functions and activated FcRs more effectively than IgG. However, even if SIgA levels were high, mucosal IgA antibodies could not control the infection effectively in patients with severe disease. Our findings highlight the complexity of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 exhibiting high systemic levels of IgA with strong neutralizing capacity in severe cases, together with higher levels of IgA-FcR activation than in asymptomatic patients. They also suggest the need for further research to fully understand the role of IgA and its structural alterations in mucosal tissues in cases of severe disease and the impact of these antibodies on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Noailly
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Traversier
- Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Agents and Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Agents and Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Agents and Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Lead contact
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2
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Santana-de Anda K, Torres-Ruiz J, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Alcalá-Carmona B, Maravillas-Montero JL, Páez-Franco JC, Vargas-Castro AS, Lira-Luna J, Camacho-Morán EA, Juarez-Vega G, Meza-Sánchez D, Núñez-Álvarez C, Rull-Gabayet M, Gómez-Martín D. Novel Clinical, Immunological, and Metabolic Features Associated with Persistent Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9661. [PMID: 39273608 PMCID: PMC11395921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors are frequently observed to present persistent symptoms constituting what has been called "post-acute COVID-19 syndrome" (PACS) or "long COVID-19". Some clinical risk factors have been identified to be associated with PACS development; however, specific mechanisms responsible for PACS pathology remain unknown. This study investigates clinical, immunological, and metabolomic risk factors associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) in 51 patients, assessed 7-19 months after acute infection. Among the participants, 62.7% were male and 37.2% were female, with an average age of 47.8 years. At the follow-up, 37.2% met the criteria for PACS, revealing significant differences in immunological and metabolomic profiles at the time of acute infection. Patients with PACS were characterized by elevated levels of mature low-density granulocytes (LDGs), interleukin-8 (IL-8), pyruvate, pseudouridine, and cystine. Baseline multivariate analysis showed increased pyruvate and decreased alpha tocopherol levels. At follow-up, there was a decrease in absolute B lymphocytes and an increase in non-classical monocytes and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid levels. These findings suggest that specific immunological and metabolomic markers during acute infection can help identify patients at higher risk of developing persistent PACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Santana-de Anda
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jiram Torres-Ruiz
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Nancy R Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José L Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José Carlos Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Jaquelin Lira-Luna
- Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Regional 1ro de Octubre, ISSSTE, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel A Camacho-Morán
- Departamento de Medicina Crítica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Juarez-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - David Meza-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Carlos Núñez-Álvarez
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Marina Rull-Gabayet
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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3
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Thierry AR, Salmon D. Inflammation-, immunothrombosis,- and autoimmune-feedback loops may lead to persistent neutrophil self-stimulation in long COVID. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29887. [PMID: 39189651 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiology of long COVID is one of the most intriguing challenges confronting contemporary medicine. Despite observations recently made in the relevant molecular, cellular, and physiological domains, it is still difficult to say whether the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 directly correspond to the consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This work hypothesizes that neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production are at the interconnection of three positive feedback loops which are initiated in the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and which involve inflammation, immunothrombosis, and autoimmunity. This phenomenon could be favored by the fact that SARS-CoV-2 may directly bind and penetrate neutrophils. The ensuing strong neutrophil stimulation leads to a progressive amplification of an exacerbated and uncontrolled NETs production, potentially persisting for months beyond the acute phase of infection. This continuous self-stimulation of neutrophils leads, in turn, to systemic inflammation, micro-thromboses, and the production of autoantibodies, whose significant consequences include the persistence of endothelial and multiorgan damage, and vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain R Thierry
- IRCM, Institute of Research on Cancerology of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), Montpellier, France
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4
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Tsay GJ, Zouali M. Cellular pathways and molecular events that shape autoantibody production in COVID-19. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103276. [PMID: 38936147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of COVID-19 is the variety of complications that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection in some patients, and that target multiple organs and tissues. Also remarkable are the associations with several auto-inflammatory disorders and the presence of autoantibodies directed to a vast array of antigens. The processes underlying autoantibody production in COVID-19 have not been completed deciphered. Here, we review mechanisms involved in autoantibody production in COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and post-acute sequelae of COVID19. We critically discuss how genomic integrity, loss of B cell tolerance to self, superantigen effects of the virus, and extrafollicular B cell activation could underly autoantibody proaction in COVID-19. We also offer models that may account for the pathogenic roles of autoantibodies in the promotion of inflammatory cascades, thromboembolic phenomena, and endothelial and vascular deregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tsay
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Moncef Zouali
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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5
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Zhou Z, Zeng X, Liao J, Dong X, Deng Y, Wang Y, Zhou M. Immune Characteristic Genes and Neutrophil Immune Transformation Studies in Severe COVID-19. Microorganisms 2024; 12:737. [PMID: 38674681 PMCID: PMC11052247 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As a disease causing a global pandemic, the progression of symptoms to severe disease in patients with COVID-19 often has adverse outcomes, but research on the immunopathology of COVID-19 severe disease remains limited. In this study, we used mRNA-seq data from the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients to identify six COVID-19 severe immune characteristic genes (FPR1, FCGR2A, TLR4, S100A12, CXCL1, and L TF), and found neutrophils to be the critical immune cells in COVID-19 severe disease. Subsequently, using scRNA-seq data from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from COVID-19 patients, neutrophil subtypes highly expressing the S100A family were found to be located at the end of cellular differentiation and tended to release neutrophil extracellular traps. Finally, it was also found that alveolar macrophages, macrophages, and monocytes with a high expression of COVID-19 severe disease immune characteristic genes may influence neutrophils through intercellular ligand-receptor pairs to promote neutrophil extracellular trap release. This study provides immune characteristic genes, critical immune pathways, and immune cells in COVID-19 severe disease, explores intracellular immune transitions of critical immune cells and pit-induced intercellular communication of immune transitions, and provides new biomarkers and potential drug targets for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yinghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.D.); (Y.D.)
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.D.); (Y.D.)
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6
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Chang H, Chen E, Hu Y, Wu L, Deng L, Ye‐Lehmann S, Mao X, Zhu T, Liu J, Chen C. Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305554. [PMID: 38143270 PMCID: PMC10933635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledging the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and the long-lasting neurological damage even after the epidemic ends are common, necessitating ongoing vigilance. Initial investigations suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which assist in the evasion of the host's immune response and achieve immune evasion in SARS-CoV-2 systemic spreading, contribute to the virus's attack on the central nervous system (CNS). The pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulant, and immunomodulatory properties of EVs contents may directly drive neuroinflammation and cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19. Additionally, EVs have attracted attention as potential candidates for targeted therapy in COVID-19 due to their innate homing properties, low immunogenicity, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) freely. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSCs) secreted EVs are widely applied and evaluated in patients with COVID-19 for their therapeutic effect, considering the limited antiviral treatment. This review summarizes the involvement of EVs in COVID-19 neuropathology as carriers of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogenic contents, as predictors of COVID-19 neuropathology by transporting brain-derived substances, and as therapeutic agents by delivering biotherapeutic substances or drugs. Understanding the diverse roles of EVs in the neuropathological aspects of COVID-19 provides a comprehensive framework for developing, treating, and preventing central neuropathology and the severe consequences associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Erya Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Honghui hospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Liyun Deng
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Shixin Ye‐Lehmann
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System University of Paris‐Scalay Bicêtre Hosptial BâtGrégory Pincus 80 Rue du Gal Leclerc, CedexLe Kremlin Bicêtre94276France
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Cell EngineeringSchool of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
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7
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Zhang Y, Bharathi V, Dokoshi T, de Anda J, Ursery LT, Kulkarni NN, Nakamura Y, Chen J, Luo EWC, Wang L, Xu H, Coady A, Zurich R, Lee MW, Matsui T, Lee H, Chan LC, Schepmoes AA, Lipton MS, Zhao R, Adkins JN, Clair GC, Thurlow LR, Schisler JC, Wolfgang MC, Hagan RS, Yeaman MR, Weiss TM, Chen X, Li MMH, Nizet V, Antoniak S, Mackman N, Gallo RL, Wong GCL. Viral afterlife: SARS-CoV-2 as a reservoir of immunomimetic peptides that reassemble into proinflammatory supramolecular complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2300644120. [PMID: 38306481 PMCID: PMC10861912 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300644120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to the strong but ineffective inflammatory response that characterizes severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with amplified immune activation in diverse cell types, including cells without angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors necessary for infection. Proteolytic degradation of SARS-CoV-2 virions is a milestone in host viral clearance, but the impact of remnant viral peptide fragments from high viral loads is not known. Here, we examine the inflammatory capacity of fragmented viral components from the perspective of supramolecular self-organization in the infected host environment. Interestingly, a machine learning analysis to SARS-CoV-2 proteome reveals sequence motifs that mimic host antimicrobial peptides (xenoAMPs), especially highly cationic human cathelicidin LL-37 capable of augmenting inflammation. Such xenoAMPs are strongly enriched in SARS-CoV-2 relative to low-pathogenicity coronaviruses. Moreover, xenoAMPs from SARS-CoV-2 but not low-pathogenicity homologs assemble double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into nanocrystalline complexes with lattice constants commensurate with the steric size of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and therefore capable of multivalent binding. Such complexes amplify cytokine secretion in diverse uninfected cell types in culture (epithelial cells, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, monocytes, and macrophages), similar to cathelicidin's role in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. The induced transcriptome matches well with the global gene expression pattern in COVID-19, despite using <0.3% of the viral proteome. Delivery of these complexes to uninfected mice boosts plasma interleukin-6 and CXCL1 levels as observed in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310012, China
| | - Vanthana Bharathi
- University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Jaime de Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Lauryn Tumey Ursery
- University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Nikhil N. Kulkarni
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Jonathan Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Elizabeth W. C. Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Lamei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Hua Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Alison Coady
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Raymond Zurich
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Michelle W. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - HongKyu Lee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
| | - Liana C. Chan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA90502
| | - Athena A. Schepmoes
- Environmental Molecular Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Mary S. Lipton
- Environmental Molecular Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Joshua N. Adkins
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Geremy C. Clair
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Lance R. Thurlow
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Jonathan C. Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Robert S. Hagan
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Michael R. Yeaman
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA90502
| | - Thomas M. Weiss
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Melody M. H. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Nigel Mackman
- University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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8
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Weston CS, Boehm BO, Pozzilli P. Type 1 diabetes: A new vision of the disease based on endotypes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3770. [PMID: 38450851 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have remained largely unchanged for the last several years. The management of the disease remains primarily focused on its phenotypical presentation and less on endotypes, namely the specific biological mechanisms behind the development of the disease. Furthermore, the treatment of T1D is essentially universal and indiscriminate-with patients administering insulin at varying dosages and frequencies to maintain adequate glycaemic control. However, it is now well understood that T1D is a heterogeneous disease with many different biological mechanisms (i.e. endotypes) behind its complex pathophysiology. A range of factors, including age of onset, immune system regulation, rate of β-cell destruction, autoantibodies, body weight, genetics and the exposome are recognised to play a role in the development of the condition. Patients can be classified into distinct diabetic subtypes based on these factors, which can be used to categorise patients into specific endotypes. The classification of patients into endotypes allows for a greater understanding of the natural progression of the disease, giving rise to more accurate and patient-centred therapies and follow-up monitoring, specifically for other autoimmune diseases. This review proposes 6 unique endotypes of T1D based on the current literature. The recognition of these endotypes could then be used to direct therapeutic modalities based on patients' individual pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Sinclair Weston
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre of Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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9
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Mirmosayyeb O, Ghaffary EM, Dehghan MS, Ghoshouni H, Bagherieh S, Barzegar M, Shaygannejad V. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease and COVID-19: A Systematic Review. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2023; 15:11795735231167869. [PMID: 37008248 PMCID: PMC10063869 DOI: 10.1177/11795735231167869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an uncommon neurological disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Numerous neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), acute transverse myelitis (ATM), and MOGAD, have been reported following the COVID-19 infection during the current COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, it has been suggested that patients with MOGAD may be at greater risk for infection (particularly in the current pandemic). Objective In this systematic review, we gathered separately 1) MOGAD cases following COVID-19 infection as well as 2) clinical course of patients with MOGAD infected with COVID-19 based on case reports/series. Methods 329 articles were collected from 4 databases. These articles were conducted from inception to March 1st, 2022. Results Following the screening, exclusion criteria were followed and eventually, 22 studies were included. In 18 studies, a mean ± SD time interval of 18.6 ± 14.9 days was observed between infection with COVID-19 and the onset of MOGAD symptoms. Symptoms were partially or completely recovered in a mean of 67 days of follow-up. Among 4 studies on MOGAD patients, the hospitalization rate was 25%, and 15% of patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion Our systematic review demonstrated that following COVID-19 infection, there is a rare possibility of contracting MOGAD. Moreover, there is no clear consensus on the susceptibility of MOGAD patients to severe COVID-19. However, obtaining deterministic results requires studies with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mirmosayyeb
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Moases Ghaffary
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad S. Dehghan
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghoshouni
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Bagherieh
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barzegar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Vahid Shaygannejad, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Kashani Street, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan 81746 73461, Iran.
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10
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Islam MM, Takeyama N. Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease Pathophysiology: Recent Insights and Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15805. [PMID: 37958788 PMCID: PMC10649138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the principal trouper of the innate immune system. Activated neutrophils undergo a noble cell death termed NETosis and release a mesh-like structure called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a part of their defensive strategy against microbial pathogen attack. This web-like architecture includes a DNA backbone embedded with antimicrobial proteins like myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), histones and deploys in the entrapment and clearance of encountered pathogens. Thus NETs play an inevitable beneficial role in the host's protection. However, recent accumulated evidence shows that dysregulated and enhanced NET formation has various pathological aspects including the promotion of sepsis, pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, nephrological, thrombotic, autoimmune, pregnancy, and cancer diseases, and the list is increasing gradually. In this review, we summarize the NET-mediated pathophysiology of different diseases and focus on some updated potential therapeutic approaches against NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Chattogram 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Naoshi Takeyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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11
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Li X, Xiao S, Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Shang H, Zhang J, Zheng Q. Role and Therapeutic Targeting Strategies of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Inflammation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5265-5287. [PMID: 37746050 PMCID: PMC10516212 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s418259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are large DNA reticular structures secreted by neutrophils and decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins. As a key mechanism for neutrophils to resist microbial invasion, NETs play an important role in the killing of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). Although NETs are mostly known for mediating microbial killing, increasing evidence suggests that excessive NETs induced by stimulation of physical and chemical components, microorganisms, and pathological factors can exacerbate inflammation and organ damage. This review summarizes the induction and role of NETs in inflammation and focuses on the strategies of inhibiting NETosis and the mechanisms involved in pathogen evasion of NETs. Furthermore, herbal medicine inhibitors and nanodelivery strategies improve the efficiency of inhibition of excessive levels of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanghua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hongming Shang
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Saeedi N, Gohari NSF, Ghalibaf AAM, Dehghan A, Owlia MB. COVID-19 infection: a possible induction factor for development of autoimmune diseases? Immunol Res 2023; 71:547-553. [PMID: 37316687 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Following the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the importance of investigation of the pathogenesis and immunological characteristics of COVID-19 became quite clear. Currently, there are reports indicating that COVID-19 is able to induce autoimmune responses. Abnormal immune reactions are a cornerstone in the pathogenicity of both conditions. Detection of autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients may suggest a link between COVID-19 and autoimmunity. In this study, we focused on the similarities and possible differences between COVID-19 and autoimmune disorders to explore the relationship between them. Comparing the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection with autoimmune conditions revealed significant immunological properties of COVID-19 including the presence of several autoantibodies, autoimmunity-related cytokines, and cellular activities that could be useful in future clinical studies aiming at managing this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Narjes Sadat Farizani Gohari
- Interest Group of CoronaVirus 2019 (IGCV-19), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Moodi Ghalibaf
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Interest Group of CoronaVirus 2019 (IGCV-19), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghan
- Division of Rheumatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Owlia
- Division of Rheumatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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13
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Li S, Wang H, Shao Q. The central role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and by-products in COVID-19 related pulmonary thrombosis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e949. [PMID: 37647446 PMCID: PMC10461423 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular trap networks (neutrophil extracellular traps [NETs]) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils are mesh-like substances that prevent the spread of pathogens. They primarily consist of DNA skeletons, histones, granule components, and cytoplasmic proteins. NETs formation requires a certain environment and there are different pathways for NETs production. However, it is still not clear how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) promotes NETs. NETs exert antiinflammatory effects through immune response, while they can also lead to certain adverse outcomes, such as the development of immunothrombosis. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an inflammatory reaction affecting various organs caused by SARS-CoV-2, especially the lungs. NETs production and disease severity are linked with unique neutrophil clusters by single-cell RNA sequencing. NETs might exert an anti-inflammatory role in the initial stage of lung tissue inflammation. Nevertheless, numerous studies and cases have shown that they can also result in pulmonary thrombosis. There is mounting evidence that NETs are tightly related with COVID-19 pulmonary thrombosis, and many studies on the mechanisms are involved. The role and mechanism of NETs in the development of pulmonary thrombosis will be the main topics of this manuscript. Additionally, we address the potential targeting of NETs in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineJiangsu College of NursingHuai'anJiangsuChina
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14
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Resende ADS, de Oliveira YLM, de Franca MNF, Magalhães LS, Correa CB, Fukutani KF, Lipscomb MW, de Moura TR. Obesity in Severe COVID-19 Patients Has a Distinct Innate Immune Phenotype. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2116. [PMID: 37626613 PMCID: PMC10452870 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity alters the capacity of effective immune responses in infections. To further address this phenomenon in the context of COVID-19, this study investigated how the immunophenotype of leukocytes was altered in individuals with obesity in severe COVID-19. This cross-sectional study enrolled 27 ICU COVID-19 patients (67% women, 56.33 ± 19.55 years) that were assigned to obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 9) or non-obese (BMI < 30kg/m2, n = 18) groups. Monocytes, NK, and both Low-Density (LD) and High-Density (HD) neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood samples, and surface receptors' frequency and expression patterns were analyzed by flow cytometry. Clinical status and biochemical data were additionally evaluated. The frequency of monocytes was negatively correlated with BMI, while NK cells and HD neutrophils were positively associated (p < 0.05). Patients with obesity showed a significant reduction of monocytes, and these cells expressed high levels of PD-L1 (p < 0.05). A higher frequency of NK cells and increased expression of TREM-1+ on HD neutrophils were detected in obese patients (p < 0.05). The expression of receptors related to antigen-presentation, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, inflammation and suppression were strongly correlated with clinical markers only in obese patients (p < 0.05). Collectively, these outcomes revealed that obesity differentially affected, and largely depressed, innate immune response in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayane de Sá Resende
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
| | - Yrna Lorena Matos de Oliveira
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
| | - Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
| | - Lucas Sousa Magalhães
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
- Department of Parasitology and Pathology, ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57072-900, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Correa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovao 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Kiyoshi Ferreira Fukutani
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
| | | | - Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
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15
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Ganesh K, Joshi MB. Neutrophil sub-types in maintaining immune homeostasis during steady state, infections and sterile inflammation. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1175-1192. [PMID: 37212866 PMCID: PMC10201050 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophils are component of innate immune system and a) eliminate pathogens b) maintain immune homeostasis by regulating other immune cells and c) contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Neutrophil mediated inflammation has been described in pathogenesis of various diseases. This indicates neutrophils do not represent homogeneous population but perform multiple functions through confined subsets. Hence, in the present review we summarize various studies describing the heterogeneous nature of neutrophils and associated functions during steady state and pathological conditions. METHODOLOGY We performed extensive literature review with key words 'Neutrophil subpopulations' 'Neutrophil subsets', Neutrophil and infections', 'Neutrophil and metabolic disorders', 'Neutrophil heterogeneity' in PUBMED. RESULTS Neutrophil subtypes are characterized based on buoyancy, cell surface markers, localization and maturity. Recent advances in high throughput technologies indicate the existence of functionally diverse subsets of neutrophils in bone marrow, blood and tissues in both steady state and pathological conditions. Further, we found proportions of these subsets significantly vary in pathological conditions. Interestingly, stimulus specific activation of signalling pathways in neutrophils have been demonstrated. CONCLUSION Neutrophil sub-populations differ among diseases and hence, mechanisms regulating formation, sustenance, proportions and functions of these sub-types vary between physiological and pathological conditions. Hence, mechanistic insights of neutrophil subsets in disease specific manner may facilitate development of neutrophil-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Ganesh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
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16
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Romo-Rodríguez R, Gutiérrez-de Anda K, López-Blanco JA, Zamora-Herrera G, Cortés-Hernández P, Santos-López G, Márquez-Domínguez L, Vilchis-Ordoñez A, Ramírez-Ramírez D, Balandrán JC, Parra-Ortega I, Resendis-Antonio O, Domínguez-Ramírez L, López-Macías C, Bonifaz LC, Arriaga-Pizano LA, Cérbulo-Vázquez A, Ferat-Osorio E, Chavez-González A, Treviño S, Brambila E, Ramos-Sánchez MÁ, Toledo-Tapia R, Domínguez F, Bayrán-Flores J, Cruz-Oseguera A, Reyes-Leyva JR, Méndez-Martínez S, Ayón-Aguilar J, Treviño-García A, Monjaraz E, Pelayo R. Chronic Comorbidities in Middle Aged Patients Contribute to Ineffective Emergency Hematopoiesis in Covid-19 Fatal Outcomes. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:197-210. [PMID: 36990888 PMCID: PMC10015105 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims . Mexico is among the countries with the highest estimated excess mortality rates due to the COVID–19 pandemic, with more than half of reported deaths occurring in adults younger than 65 years old. Although this behavior is presumably influenced by the young demographics and the high prevalence of metabolic diseases, the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. Methods . The age–stratified case fatality rate (CFR) was estimated in a prospective cohort with 245 hospitalized COVID–19 cases, followed through time, for the period October 2020–September 2021. Cellular and inflammatory parameters were exhaustively investigated in blood samples by laboratory test, multiparametric flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays. Results . The CFR was 35.51%, with 55.2% of deaths recorded in middle–aged adults. On admission, hematological cell differentiation, physiological stress and inflammation parameters, showed distinctive profiles of potential prognostic value in patients under 65 at 7 d follow–up. Pre–existing metabolic conditions were identified as risk factors of poor outcomes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as single comorbidity or in combination with diabetes, had the highest risk for COVID–19 fatality. Of note, fatal outcomes in middle–aged patients were marked from admission by an inflammatory landscape and emergency myeloid hematopoiesis at the expense of functional lymphoid innate cells for antiviral immunosurveillance, including NK and dendritic cell subsets. Conclusions . Comorbidities increased the development of imbalanced myeloid phenotype, rendering middle–aged individuals unable to effectively control SARS–CoV–2. A predictive signature of high–risk outcomes at day 7 of disease evolution as a tool for their early stratification in vulnerable populations is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí Romo-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México; Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Karla Gutiérrez-de Anda
- Hospital General de Zona 5, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Jebea A López-Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Gabriela Zamora-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México; Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Paulina Cortés-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Gerardo Santos-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Luis Márquez-Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | | | - Dalia Ramírez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | | | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) & Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-Red de Apoyo a la Investigación-Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Constantino López-Macías
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lourdes A Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Eduardo Ferat-Osorio
- Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Antonieta Chavez-González
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramos-Sánchez
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 57. Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México; Hospital General de Zona 20, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Ricardo Toledo-Tapia
- Hospital General de Zona 20, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Fabiola Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Jorge Bayrán-Flores
- Hospital General de Zona 5, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Alejandro Cruz-Oseguera
- Hospital General de Zona 5, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Julio Roberto Reyes-Leyva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Socorro Méndez-Martínez
- Coordinación de Planeación y Enlace Institucional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, México
| | - Jorge Ayón-Aguilar
- Coordinación Médica de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, México
| | - Aurora Treviño-García
- Órganos de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, México
| | - Eduardo Monjaraz
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México; Unidad de Educación e Investigación, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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17
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Yan M, Gu Y, Sun H, Ge Q. Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor progression and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135086. [PMID: 36993957 PMCID: PMC10040667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity is a growing field of research that involves immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are neutrophil-derived extracellular web-like chromatin structures that are composed of histones and granule proteins. Initially discovered as the predominant host defense against pathogens, NETs have attracted increasing attention due to they have also been tightly associated with tumor. Excessive NET formation has been linked to increased tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Moreover, through direct and/or indirect effects on immune cells, an abnormal increase in NETs benefits immune exclusion and inhibits T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses. In this review, we summarize the recent but rapid progress in understanding the pivotal roles of NETs in tumor and anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the most relevant challenges in the field. We believe that NETs may be a promising therapeutic target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Meina Yan, ;
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghong Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Au TY, Wiśniewski OW, Benjamin S, Kubicki T, Dytfeld D, Gil L. G6PD deficiency-does it alter the course of COVID-19 infections? Ann Hematol 2023:10.1007/s00277-023-05164-y. [PMID: 36905446 PMCID: PMC10006571 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of well-founded data around the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), current research around G6PD-deficient patients with viral infections, and limitations as a result of their condition, are inadequate. Here, we analyze existing data around immunological risks, complications, and consequences of this disease, particularly in relation to COVID-19 infections and treatment. The relationship between G6PD deficiency and elevated ROS leading to increased viral load suggests that these patients may confer heightened infectivity. Additionally, worsened prognoses and more severe complications of infection may be realized in class I G6PD-deficient individuals. Though more research is demanded on the topic, preliminary studies suggest that antioxidative therapy which reduces ROS levels in these patients could prove beneficial in the treatment of viral infections in G6PD-deficient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Yuen Au
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Shamiram Benjamin
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kubicki
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominik Dytfeld
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lidia Gil
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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19
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Shang B, Cui H, Xie R, Wu J, Shi H, Bi X, Feng L, Shou J. Neutrophil extracellular traps primed intercellular communication in cancer progression as a promising therapeutic target. Biomark Res 2023; 11:24. [PMID: 36859358 PMCID: PMC9977644 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the anti-infection response, neutrophils are linked to tumor progression through the secretion of inflammation components and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. NET is a web-like structure constituted by a chromatin scaffold coated with specific nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, such as histone and granule peptides. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that NETs are favorable factors to promote tumor growth, invasion, migration, and immunosuppression. However, the cell-cell interaction between NETs and other cells (tumor cells and immune cells) is complicated and poorly studied. This work is the first review to focus on the intercellular communication mediated by NETs in cancer. We summarized the complex cell-cell interaction between NETs and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. We also address the significance of NETs as both prognostic/predictive biomarkers and molecular targets for cancer therapy. Moreover, we presented a comprehensive landscape of cancer immunity, improving the therapeutic efficacy for advanced cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Shang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Honglei Cui
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Ruiyang Xie
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Hongzhe Shi
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Xingang Bi
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China.
| | - Jianzhong Shou
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR, China.
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20
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Dean LS, Devendra G, Jiyarom B, Subia N, Tallquist MD, Nerurkar VR, Chang SP, Chow DC, Shikuma CM, Park J. Phenotypic alteration of low-density granulocytes in people with pulmonary post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076724. [PMID: 36591237 PMCID: PMC9797994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are a distinct subset of neutrophils whose increased abundance is associated with the severity of COVID-19. However, the long-term effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on LDG levels and phenotypic alteration remain unexplored. Methods Using participants naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (NP), infected with SARS-CoV-2 with no residual symptoms (NRS), and infected with SARS-CoV-2 with chronic pulmonary symptoms (PPASC), we compared LDG levels and their phenotype by measuring the expression of markers for activation, maturation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation using flow cytometry. Results The number of LDGs was elevated in PPASC compared to NP. Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 (NRS and PPASC) demonstrated increased CD10+ and CD16hi subset counts of LDGs compared to NP group. Further characterization of LDGs demonstrated that LDGs from COVID-19 convalescents (PPASC and NRS) displayed increased markers of NET forming ability and aggregation with platelets compared to LDGs from NP, but no differences were observed between PPASC and NRS. Conclusions Our data from a small cohort study demonstrates that mature neutrophils with a heightened activation phenotype remain in circulation long after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Persistent elevation of markers for neutrophil activation and NET formation on LDGs, as well as an enhanced proclivity for platelet-neutrophil aggregation (PNA) formation in COVID-19 convalescent individuals may be associated with PPASC prognosis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan S Dean
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gehan Devendra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Boonyanudh Jiyarom
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Natalie Subia
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vivek R Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Sandra P Chang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Dominic C Chow
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Cecilia M Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Juwon Park
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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21
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Nakazawa D, Takeda Y, Kanda M, Tomaru U, Ogawa H, Kudo T, Shiratori‐Aso S, Watanabe‐Kusunoki K, Ueda Y, Miyoshi A, Hattanda F, Nishio S, Uozumi R, Ishizu A, Atsumi T. Transcriptional dynamics of granulocytes in direct response to incubation with SARS-CoV-2. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 13:60-71. [PMID: 36271697 PMCID: PMC9808587 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction, in which the host immune response plays a pivotal role. Excessive neutrophil activation and subsequent superfluity of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can lead to tissue damage, and several studies have shown the involvement of neutrophils in severe COVID-19. However, the detailed responses of each neutrophil subset to SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been fully described. To explore this issue, we incubated normal-density granulocytes (NDGs) and low-density granulocytes (LDGs) with different viral titers of SARS-CoV-2. NDGs form NETs with chromatin fibers in response to SARS-CoV-2, whereas LDGs incubated with SARS-CoV-2 display a distinct morphology with condensed nuclei and moderate transcriptional changes. Based on these transcriptional changes, we suggest that AGO2 possibly plays a role in LDG regulation in response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Nakazawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global AgromedicineObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJapan,Department of Veterinary MedicineObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJapan
| | - Masatoshi Kanda
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologySapporo Medical UniversityJapan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary MedicineObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJapan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Satoka Shiratori‐Aso
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kanako Watanabe‐Kusunoki
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yusho Ueda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Atsuko Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Fumihiko Hattanda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Saori Nishio
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ryo Uozumi
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion MedicineHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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22
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Yaugel-Novoa M, Bourlet T, Paul S. Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty? Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1170-1180. [PMID: 36195658 PMCID: PMC9530436 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses are crucial to fight respiratory viral infections in the current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the dynamics of systemic and mucosal antibody infections are affected by patient characteristics, such as age, sex, disease severity, or prior immunity to other human coronaviruses. Patients suffering from severe disease develop higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and mucosal tissues than those with mild disease, and these antibodies are detectable for up to a year after symptom onset. In hospitalized patients, the aberrant glycosylation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies enhances inflammation-associated antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, thereby contributing to COVID-19 pathophysiology. Current vaccines elicit robust humoral immune responses, principally in the blood. However, they are less effective against new viral variants, such as Delta and Omicron. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with a particular focus on the protective and pathological role of humoral immunity in COVID-19 severity. We also discuss the humoral immune response elicited by COVID-19 vaccination and protection against emerging viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France,CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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23
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Hanata N, Ota M, Tsuchida Y, Nagafuchi Y, Okamura T, Shoda H, Fujio K. Serum extracellular traps associate with the activation of myeloid cells in SLE patients with the low level of anti-DNA antibodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18397. [PMID: 36319843 PMCID: PMC9626644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We sought to cluster SLE patients based on serum NET levels. Serum NET levels were higher in SLE patients than healthy controls. Frequencies of pleuritis and myositis were increased in patients with high serum NET levels. Serum NET levels negatively correlated with anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody titers and C1q-binding immune complexes, but positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte counts. Neutrophil transcriptome analysis demonstrated no difference in NET-associated signatures, irrespective of serum NET levels, suggesting anti-dsDNA antibody-mediated clearance of NETs. In serum, NET levels were significantly correlated with myeloid cell-derived inflammatory molecules. Serum NET-based cluster analysis revealed 3 groups of patients based on serum NET and CRP levels, anti-dsDNA antibody titers, and monocyte count. Monocytes were consistently activated following NET-containing immune complex (NET-IC) stimulation. In conclusion, SLE patients with high serum NET levels had lower anti-dsDNA antibody titers and higher inflammatory responses. NET-IC-stimulated monocytes might associate with an inflammatory response characterized by elevated CRP levels. These findings can apply to precision medicine, as inflammatory processes, rather than antibody-dependent processes, can be targeted in specific subpopulations of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Hanata
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineto Ota
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Wigerblad G, Kaplan MJ. Neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 23:274-288. [PMID: 36257987 PMCID: PMC9579530 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by the failure of the immune system to differentiate self from non-self. These conditions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and they can affect many organs and systems, having significant clinical heterogeneity. Recent discoveries have highlighted that neutrophils, and in particular the neutrophil extracellular traps that they can release upon activation, can have central roles in the initiation and perpetuation of systemic autoimmune disorders and orchestrate complex inflammatory responses that lead to organ damage. Dysregulation of neutrophil cell death can lead to the modification of autoantigens and their presentation to the adaptive immune system. Furthermore, subsets of neutrophils that seem to be more prevalent in patients with systemic autoimmune disorders can promote vascular damage and increased oxidative stress. With the emergence of new technologies allowing for improved assessments of neutrophils, the complexity of neutrophil biology and its dysregulation is now starting to be understood. In this Review, we provide an overview of the roles of neutrophils in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and address putative therapeutic targets that may be explored based on this new knowledge.
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25
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LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152463. [PMID: 35954305 PMCID: PMC9368159 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity responds to infections and inflammatory stimuli through a carefully choreographed set of interactions between cells, stimuli and their specific receptors. Of particular importance are endogenous peptides, which assume roles as defensins or alarmins, growth factors or wound repair inducers. LL-37, a proteolytic fragment of cathelicidin, fulfills the roles of a defensin by inserting into the membranes of bacterial pathogens, functions as alarmin in stimulating chemotaxis of innate immune cells, and alters the structure and efficacy of various cytokines. Here, we draw attention to the direct effect of LL-37 on neutrophils and the release of extracellular traps (NETs), as NETs have been established as mediators of immune defense against pathogens but also as important contributors to chronic disease and tissue pathogenesis. We propose a specific structural basis for LL-37 function, in part by highlighting the structural flexibility of LL-37 and its ability to adapt to distinct microenvironments and interacting counterparts.
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26
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Short-Term Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain-Specific Antibody Induction on Neutrophil-Mediated Immune Response in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158234. [PMID: 35897803 PMCID: PMC9331224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination protects against COVID-19 via the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody formation, but it also affects the innate immunity. The effects of specific antibody induction on neutrophils that can cause severe respiratory inflammation are important, though not completely investigated. In the present study, using a mouse model mimicking SARS-CoV-2 virus particle inhalation, we investigated neutrophil phenotype and activity alterations in the presence of RBD-specific antibodies. Mice were immunized with RBD and a week after a strong antibody response establishment received 100 nm particles in the RBD solution. Control mice received injections of a phosphate buffer instead of RBD. We show that the application of 100 nm particles in the RBD solution elevates neutrophil recruitment to the blood and the airways of RBD-immunized mice rather than in control mice. Analysis of bone marrow cells of mice with induced RBD-specific antibodies revealed the increased population of CXCR2+CD101+ neutrophils. These neutrophils did not demonstrate an enhanced ability of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation compared to the neutrophils from control mice. Thus, the induction of RBD-specific antibodies stimulates the activation of mature neutrophils that react to RBD-coated particles without triggering excessive inflammation.
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27
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McKenna E, Wubben R, Isaza-Correa JM, Melo AM, Mhaonaigh AU, Conlon N, O'Donnell JS, Ní Cheallaigh C, Hurley T, Stevenson NJ, Little MA, Molloy EJ. Neutrophils in COVID-19: Not Innocent Bystanders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864387. [PMID: 35720378 PMCID: PMC9199383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusually for a viral infection, the immunological phenotype of severe COVID-19 is characterised by a depleted lymphocyte and elevated neutrophil count, with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlating with disease severity. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell in the bloodstream and comprise different subpopulations with pleiotropic actions that are vital for host immunity. Unique neutrophil subpopulations vary in their capacity to mount antimicrobial responses, including NETosis (the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps), degranulation and de novo production of cytokines and chemokines. These processes play a role in antiviral immunity, but may also contribute to the local and systemic tissue damage seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutrophils also contribute to complications of COVID-19 such as thrombosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem inflammatory disease in children. In this Progress review, we discuss the anti-viral and pathological roles of neutrophils in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 that target neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen McKenna
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Dublin Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Wubben
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johana M Isaza-Correa
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Dublin Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashanty M Melo
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Dublin Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Ui Mhaonaigh
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Immunology, St James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tim Hurley
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Dublin Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J Stevenson
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Viral Immunology Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical College of Bahrain, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Mark A Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Dublin Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Batu ED, Sener S, Ozen S. COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis: A systematic review and detailed analysis of the pathogenesis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 55:152047. [PMID: 35709649 PMCID: PMC9183245 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, has opened a new era in the practice of pediatric rheumatology since it has been associated with inflammatory complications such as vasculitis and arthritis. In this review, we aimed to present a detailed analysis of COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis. Methods A systematic review of the English literature was performed through Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus up to January 1st, 2022. Articles including data about the patients with 1) onset of vasculitis <18 years of age, 2) evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 3) evidence of vasculitis diagnosis (imaging, histopathologic evidences or fulfilling the specific diagnostic/classification criteria) were included in the final analysis. Patients with Kawasaki disease-like vasculitis associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were excluded. Results A total of 25 articles describing 36 patients with COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis (median age 13 years; M/F: 2.3) were included. The most frequent phenotype was IgA vasculitis (n=9) followed by chilblains (n=7) and ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) (n=5). Skin (58.3%) and renal (30.5%) involvements were the most common manifestations of vasculitis. The majority of patients received corticosteroids (40%), while rituximab (14.2%) and cyclophosphamide (11.4%) were the most frequently used immunosuppressive drugs. Remission was achieved in 23 of 28 patients. Five patients (4 with central nervous system vasculitis; 1 with AAV) died. Conclusion Although COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis is very rare, awareness of this rare entity is important to secure earlier diagnosis and treatment. The clinical features of COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis subtypes look similar to those in pediatric vasculitis not associated with COVID-19. Whether COVID-19 is the reason of the vasculitis or only the trigger remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Deniz Batu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Seher Sener
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Ozen
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Liana P, Liberty IA, Murti K, Hafy Z, Salim EM, Zulkarnain M, Umar TP. A systematic review on neutrophil extracellular traps and its prognostication role in COVID-19 patients. Immunol Res 2022; 70:449-460. [PMID: 35604493 PMCID: PMC9125547 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular webs composed of neutrophil granular and nuclear elements. Because of the potentially dangerous amplification circuit between inflammation and tissue damage, NETs are becoming one of the investigated components in the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize studies on the role of NETs in determining the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The study used six databases: PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOHost, Europe PMC, ProQuest, and Scopus. This literature search was implemented until October 31, 2021. The search terms were determined specifically for each databases, generally included the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, COVID-19, and prognosis. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was then used to assess the risk of bias. Ten studies with a total of 810 participants were chosen based on the attainment of the prerequisite. Two were of high quality, seven were of moderate quality, and the rest were of low quality. The majority of studies compared COVID-19 to healthy control. Thrombosis was observed in three studies, while four studies recorded the need for mechanical ventilation. In COVID-19 patients, the early NETs concentration or the evolving NETs degradations can predict patient mortality. Based on their interactions with inflammatory and organ dysfunction markers, it is concluded that NETs play a significant role in navigating the severity of COVID-19 patients and thus impacting their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phey Liana
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Dr Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
- Biomedicine Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Iche Andriyani Liberty
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Krisna Murti
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Dr. Moh. Ali Street RSMH complex, Palembang, South Sumatera Indonesia
| | - Zen Hafy
- Biomedical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Eddy Mart Salim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Dr, Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Zulkarnain
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Tungki Pratama Umar
- Medical Profession Program, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia
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30
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Aloul KM, Nielsen JE, Defensor EB, Lin JS, Fortkort JA, Shamloo M, Cirillo JD, Gombart AF, Barron AE. Upregulating Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Expression May Prevent Severe COVID-19 Inflammatory Responses and Reduce Microthrombosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880961. [PMID: 35634307 PMCID: PMC9134243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by hyperactivation by inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, and other immune cells, all hallmarks of a strong inflammatory response that can lead to severe complications and multi-organ damage. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is associated with a high prevalence of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and microthrombosis that are exacerbated by hyperglycemia, diabetes, and old age. SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and non-human primates have revealed long-term neurological consequences of COVID-19, possibly concomitant with the formation of Lewy bodies in the brain and invasion of the nervous system via the olfactory bulb. In this paper, we review the relevance of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in SARS-CoV-2 infections. LL-37 is an immunomodulatory, host defense peptide with direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory response, neovascularization, Lewy body formation, and pancreatic islet cell function. The bioactive form of vitamin D and a number of other compounds induce LL-37 expression and one might predict its upregulation, could reduce the prevalence of severe COVID-19. We hypothesize upregulation of LL-37 will act therapeutically, facilitating efficient NET clearance by macrophages, speeding endothelial repair after inflammatory tissue damage, preventing α-synuclein aggregation, and supporting blood-glucose level stabilization by facilitating insulin release and islet β-cell neogenesis. In addition, it has been postulated that LL-37 can directly bind the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2, mask angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, and limit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purposeful upregulation of LL-37 could also serve as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Aloul
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Erwin B. Defensor
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John A. Fortkort
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Fedorchenko Y, Zimba O. CYTOKINES AS POTENTIAL MARKERS OF COVID-19 SEVERITY AND OUTCOMES. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS 2022. [DOI: 10.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The continual propagation of SARS-CoV-2 has changed health care systems globally. Ranging degrees of clinical severity in COVID-19 patients have been noted in numerous literature sources. Cytokines play a crucial role in the development of key immunological processes in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 causes imbalance of the immune system and might culminate in cytokine storm and multiple organ involvement. The prevailing role of some special cytokines might serve as indicators of disease severity. Further stratification of patients in the context of specific cytokines can be beneficial for diagnosing disease stages. It can prevent critical states owing to timely diagnosis and targeted therapy. Targeting peculiar cytokines can markedly reduce complications. The aim of this article is to comprehensively overview the role of the main cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis and distinguish prognostic factors. Insights into specific cytokine involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis may open new avenues for diagnosing hyperinflammatory COVID-19, predicting its outcomes and providing individualized cytokine-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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32
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Possible Impact of LPS and (1→3)-β-D-glucan in Blood from Gut Translocation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071103. [PMID: 35406667 PMCID: PMC8997739 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to limited data on the link between gut barrier defects (leaky gut) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), blood samples of COVID-19 cases—mild (upper respiratory tract symptoms without pneumonia; n = 27), moderate (pneumonia without hypoxia; n = 28), and severe (pneumonia with hypoxia; n = 20)—versus healthy control (n = 15) were evaluated, together with in vitro experiments. Accordingly, neutrophil counts, serum cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacteria-free DNA, and NETs parameters (fluorescent-stained nuclear morphology, dsDNA, neutrophil elastase, histone–DNA complex, and myeloperoxidase–DNA complex) were found to differentiate COVID-19 severity, whereas serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG) was different between the control and COVID-19 cases. Despite non-detectable bacteria-free DNA in the blood of healthy volunteers, using blood bacteriome analysis, proteobacterial DNA was similarly predominant in both control and COVID-19 cases (all severities). In parallel, only COVID-19 samples from moderate and severe cases, but not mild cases, were activated in vitro NETs, as determined by supernatant dsDNA, Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4, and nuclear morphology. With neutrophil experiments, LPS plus BG (LPS + BG) more prominently induced NETs, cytokines, NFκB, and reactive oxygen species, when compared with the activation by each molecule alone. In conclusion, pathogen molecules (LPS and BG) from gut translocation along with neutrophilia and cytokinemia in COVID-19-activated, NETs-induced hyperinflammation.
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33
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Zhu Y, Chen X, Liu X. NETosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and Beyond. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838011. [PMID: 35309344 PMCID: PMC8924116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, causes respiratory problems and multifaceted organ dysfunction. A crucial mechanism of COVID-19 immunopathy is the recruitment and activation of neutrophils at the infection site, which also predicts disease severity and poor outcomes. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), occurring during a regulated form of neutrophil cell death known as NETosis, is a key effector function that mediates harmful effects caused by neutrophils. Abundant NETosis and NET generation have been observed in the neutrophils of many COVID-19 patients, leading to unfavorable coagulopathy and immunothrombosis. Moreover, excessive NETosis and NET generation are now more widely recognized as mediators of additional pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this minireview, we introduce subtypes of NET-producing neutrophils (e.g., low-density granulocytes) and explain the biological importance of NETs and the protein cargos of NETs in COVID-19. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes NETosis by upregulating viral processes (e.g., viral entry and replication) as well as host pro-NET mechanisms (e.g., proinflammatory mediator release, platelet activation, and autoantibody production). Furthermore, we provide an update of the main findings of NETosis and NETs in immunothrombosis and other COVID-19-related disorders, such as aberrant immunity, neurological disorders, and post COVID-19 syndromes including lung fibrosis, neurological disorder, tumor progression, and deteriorated chronic illness. Finally, we address potential prospective COVID-19 treatment strategies that target dysregulated NETosis and NET formation via inhibition of NETosis and promotion of NET degradation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Zhu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Association between COVID-19 Diagnosis and Coronary Artery Thrombosis: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030702. [PMID: 35327504 PMCID: PMC8945192 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is characterized by its severe respiratory effects. Data early on indicated an increased risk of mortality in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Early reports highlighted the multisystem inflammatory syndrome, cytokine storm, and thromboembolic events as part of the disease processes. The aim of this review is to assess the association between COVID-19 and its thrombotic complications, specifically related to the cardiovascular system. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is explored in the pathogenesis of the disease. The structure and anatomy of the virus are pivotal to its virulence in comparison to other α and β Coronaviridae (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1). In particular, the host interaction and response may explain the variability of severity in patients. Angio tensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activation may be implicated in the cardiovascular and throm bogenic potential of the disease. The virus may also have direct effects on the endothelial lining affecting hemostasis and resulting in thrombosis through several mechanisms. Dipyridamole may have a therapeutic benefit in NET suppression. Therapeutic avenues should be concentrated on the different pathophysiological steps involving the virus and the host.
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35
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Low-Density Granulocytes in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1622160. [PMID: 35141336 PMCID: PMC8820945 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1622160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density granulocytes (LDGs), a distinct subset of neutrophils that colocalize with peripheral blood mononuclear cells after density gradient centrifugation, have been observed in many immune-mediated diseases. LDGs are considered highly proinflammatory because of enhanced spontaneous formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, endothelial toxicity, and cytokine production. Concomitantly, increased numbers of LDGs are associated with the severity of many immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Recent studies, with the help of advanced transcriptomic technologies, demonstrated that LDGs were a mixed cell population composed of immature subset and mature subset, and these two subsets showed different pathogenic features. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the composition, origin, and pathogenic properties of LDGs in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and discuss potential medical interventions targeting LDGs.
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36
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Quinti I. Cellular Immunology and COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:3591. [PMID: 34944098 PMCID: PMC8699837 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In "Cellular Immunology and COVID-19" (a Special Issue of Cells), a panel of leading scientists provides an exhaustive overview of the different aspects of the immune mechanisms underlying COVID-19 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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