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Armakolas A, Alevizopoulos N, Stathaki M, Petraki C, Agrogiannis G, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G, Chatzinikita E, Koutsilieris M. Anti-PEc: Development of a novel monoclonal antibody against prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:551-564. [PMID: 38902531 PMCID: PMC11300853 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ec peptide (PEc) that defines the IGF-1Ec isoform, is associated with prostate cancer progression by inducing proliferation, metastases, and tumour repair. On these grounds, an anti-PEc monoclonal antibody (MAb) was developed. Our objective is to examine the effects of this antibody on prostate cancer and its possible side effects. METHODS The effects of the obtained MAb were examined in cancer and non-cancerous cell lines (unmodified and modified either to overexpress or silence PEc) and in tumours in SCID mice injected with unmodified prostate cancer cells. The investigation was obtained with respect to cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, toxicity to tumours, effects on the cell cycle, immune response activation, effects on mesenchymal stem cell mobilisation leading to tumour repair, tissue distribution, and toxicity to mice. RESULTS Anti-PEc MAb treatment led to a significant decrease in cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion compared to the untreated cell lines (p < 0.0005 in every case). Mechanistically, these effects were associated with the downregulation of pERK1/2 and vimentin and the upregulation of E-Cadherin. In vivo, anti-PEc MAb treatment was associated with a significant decrease in tumour size and metastases rate (p < 0.0005 in every case) by reversing the tumours mesenchymal phenotype. It also inhibited host stem cell mobilisation towards the tumour, leading to apoptosis. Anti-PEc MAb assessment in respect to distribution and toxicity, indicated its tumour specificity and lack of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the therapeutic targeting of PEc with the anti-PEc MAb may have considerable clinical benefit for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nektarios Alevizopoulos
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Stathaki
- Surgical Department, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Agrogiannis
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Science Research Center "Alexander Fleming.", Vari, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Bioinnovation Institute, Biomedical Science Research Center "Alexander Fleming.", Vari, Greece
| | - Eirini Chatzinikita
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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2
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Iglesias P. Clinical Management of Postoperative Growth Hormone Deficiency in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Tumors. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4307. [PMID: 39124574 PMCID: PMC11313223 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on growth hormone (GH) deficiency in pediatric and adult patients following surgery for hypothalamic-pituitary tumors, with a special emphasis on hormone replacement therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). The symptoms and metabolic changes associated with GH deficiency are reviewed, and the potential risks and therapeutic outcomes of rhGH treatment in these patients are discussed. This review emphasizes the importance of rhGH in the normalization of growth in children and the improvement of quality of life (QoL) and metabolic health in adults. Aspects related to efficacy, safety, dosage, duration of treatment, and QoL in this population are analyzed. The need for regular follow-up and dose adjustment to maintain the optimal IGF-I levels in these patients is emphasized, as is the importance of individualized assessment and collaboration with a specialized multidisciplinary medical team to make the appropriate therapeutic decisions. Furthermore, continuous follow-up are necessary to optimize the clinical outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Iglesias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro Segovia de Arana, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Wang M, Pugh SM, Daboul J, Miller D, Xu Y, Hill JW. IGF-1 Acts through Kiss1-expressing Cells to Influence Metabolism and Reproduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601722. [PMID: 39005405 PMCID: PMC11244982 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective Kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, ties puberty and fertility to energy status; however, the metabolic factors that control Kiss1-expressing cells need to be clarified. Methods To evaluate the impact of IGF-1 on the metabolic and reproductive functions of kisspeptin producing cells, we created mice with IGF-1 receptor deletion driven by the Kiss1 promoter (IGF1RKiss1 mice). Previous studies have shown IGF-1 and insulin can bind to each other's receptor, permitting IGF-1 signaling in the absence of IGF1R. Therefore, we also generated mice with simultaneous deletion of the IGF1R and insulin receptor (IR) in Kiss1-expressing cells (IGF1R/IRKiss1 mice). Results Loss of IGF1R in Kiss1 cells caused stunted body length. In addition, female IGF1RKiss1 mice displayed lower body weight and food intake plus higher energy expenditure and physical activity. This phenotype was linked to higher proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and heightened brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Male IGF1RKiss1 mice had mild changes in metabolic functions. Moreover, IGF1RKiss1 mice of both sexes experienced delayed puberty. Notably, male IGF1RKiss1 mice had impaired adulthood fertility accompanied by lower gonadotropin and testosterone levels. Thus, IGF1R in Kiss1-expressing cells impacts metabolism and reproduction in a sex-specific manner. IGF1R/IRKiss1 mice had higher fat mass and glucose intolerance, suggesting IGF1R and IR in Kiss1-expressing cells together regulate body composition and glucose homeostasis. Conclusions Overall, our study shows that IGF1R and IR in Kiss1 have cooperative roles in body length, metabolism, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seamus M. Pugh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Judy Daboul
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - David Miller
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer W. Hill
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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4
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Shen J, Liu L, Yang Y, Zhou M, Xu S, Zhang W, Zhang C. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Has the Potential to Be Used as a Diagnostic Tool and Treatment Target for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Cureus 2024; 16:e65393. [PMID: 39188438 PMCID: PMC11346671 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, is characterized by social impairment and repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. Because of the lack of approved laboratory diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic medications, it is one of the most challenging diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to explore potential diagnosis markers or therapeutic targets. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic growth factor that enhances brain development. IGF-1 levels in body fluids are lower in preschool children with ASD than in typically developing children, which may serve as a potential diagnostic marker. In various ASD models associated with genetic or environmental exposure, IGF-1 treatment can improve core symptoms or pathological changes, including neuronal development, neural cell survival, balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition, neuroimmunology, and oxidative stress status. In March 2023 an IGF-1 derivative was approved as the first drug for treating Rett syndrome, an ASD-related neurodevelopmental disorder, to improve fundamental symptoms such as social communication. Thus, in this review, we present accumulating evidence of altered IGF-1 levels in ASD patients and the possible mechanisms, as well as evidence that IGF-1 treatment improves the pathophysiology in various ASD models. IGF-1 has the potential to be an early diagnosis marker and an effective therapeutic for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Shen
- Department of Children Health Care, Jingmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jingmen, CHN
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Chuanjie Zhang
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
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Ebrahimnezhad M, Valizadeh A, Majidinia M, Tabnak P, Yousefi B. Unveiling the potential of FOXO3 in lung cancer: From molecular insights to therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116833. [PMID: 38843589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer poses a significant challenge regarding molecular heterogeneity, as it encompasses a wide range of molecular alterations and cancer-related pathways. Recent discoveries made it feasible to thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer, giving rise to the possibility of novel therapeutic strategies relying on molecularly targeted drugs. In this context, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), a member of forkhead transcription factors, has emerged as a crucial protein commonly dysregulated in cancer cells. The regulation of the FOXO3 in reacting to external stimuli plays a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis as a component of the molecular machinery that determines whether cells will survive or dies. Indeed, various extrinsic cues regulate FOXO3, affecting its subcellular location and transcriptional activity. These regulations are mediated by diverse signaling pathways, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and protein interactions that eventually drive post-transcriptional modification of FOXO3. Nevertheless, while it is no doubt that FOXO3 is implicated in numerous aspects of lung cancer, it is unclear whether they act as tumor suppressors, promotors, or both based on the situation. However, FOXO3 serves as an intriguing possible target in lung cancer therapeutics while widely used anti-cancer chemo drugs can regulate it. In this review, we describe a summary of recent findings on molecular mechanisms of FOXO3 to clarify that targeting its activity might hold promise in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimnezhad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Peyman Tabnak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Liu Z, Zhao X, Liu Y, Shi L, Wu L, Yuan H, Jin Y. Development of an insulin-like growth factor-1 certified reference material by SI-traceable isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 273:125812. [PMID: 38452589 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) certified reference material (CRM) was developed by the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), and two different principles for evaluating the IGF-1 CRM were established. After optimisation of the acid hydrolysis conditions (110 °C, 36 h), quantitative determination of peptide purity, and chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection, amino acid analysis-based high-performance liquid chromatography combined with isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (AAA-HPLC-IDMS/MS) and peptide analysis-based HPLC-IDMS/MS (Peptide-HPLC-IDMS/MS) were used for certified value assignment; the results obtained were 136.28 and 135.01 μg/g, respectively, which were in good agreement. These results were subjected to the normal distribution test, outlier test, and method consistency test. The homogeneity and stability of the reference materials were also examined, and the uncertainty introduced in the experimental process was calculated. The final certified value was (136 ± 15) μg g-1 (k = 2). The CRM was found to be stable for at least six months when stored at -70 °C and for 7 d when stored at higher temperatures (-20 °C, 4 °C, 25 °C, or 40 °C). The CRM is expected to be used as a primary calibrator for quality control in biopharmaceutical production and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Liu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Shi
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Wu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Youxun Jin
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China.
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7
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Adedokun MA, Enye LA, Akinluyi ET, Ajibola TA, Edem EE. Black seed oil reverses chronic antibiotic-mediated depression and social behaviour deficits via modulation of hypothalamic mitochondrial-dependent markers and insulin expression. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:267-279. [PMID: 38379607 PMCID: PMC10876594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic antibiotic use has been reported to impair mitochondrial indices, hypothalamus-mediated metabolic function, and amygdala-regulated emotional processes. Natural substances such as black seed (Nigella sativa) oil could be beneficial in mitigating these impairments. This study aimed to assess the impact of black seed oil (NSO) on depression and sociability indices, redox imbalance, mitochondrial-dependent markers, and insulin expression in mice subjected to chronic ampicillin exposure. Forty adult male BALB/c mice (30 ± 2 g) were divided into five groups: the CTRL group received normal saline, the ABT group received ampicillin, the NSO group received black seed oil, the ABT/NSO group concurrently received ampicillin and black seed oil, and the ABT+NSO group experienced pre-exposure to ampicillin followed by subsequent treatment with black seed oil. The ampicillin-exposed group exhibited depressive-like behaviours, impaired social interactive behaviours, and disruptions in mitochondrial-dependent markers in plasma and hypothalamic tissues, accompanied by an imbalance in antioxidant levels. Moreover, chronic antibiotic exposure downregulated insulin expression in the hypothalamus. However, these impairments were significantly ameliorated in the ABT/NSO, and ABT+NSO groups compared to the untreated antibiotic-exposed group. Overall, findings from this study suggest the beneficial role of NSO as an adjuvant therapy in preventing and abrogating mood behavioural and neural-metabolic impairments of chronic antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Adekunle Adedokun
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Linus Anderson Enye
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Toheeb Adesumbo Ajibola
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Edem Ekpenyong Edem
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Lana JF, Navani A, Jeyaraman M, Santos N, Pires L, Santos GS, Rodrigues IJ, Santos D, Mosaner T, Azzini G, da Fonseca LF, de Macedo AP, Huber SC, de Moraes Ferreira Jorge D, Purita J. Sacral Bioneuromodulation: The Role of Bone Marrow Aspirate in Spinal Cord Injuries. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:461. [PMID: 38790327 PMCID: PMC11118755 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a severe trauma to the nervous system, leading to significant neurological damage, chronic inflammation, and persistent neuropathic pain. Current treatments, including pharmacotherapy, immobilization, physical therapy, and surgical interventions, often fall short in fully addressing the underlying pathophysiology and resultant disabilities. Emerging research in the field of regenerative medicine has introduced innovative approaches such as autologous orthobiologic therapies, with bone marrow aspirate (BMA) being particularly notable for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the potential of BMA to modulate inflammatory pathways, enhance tissue regeneration, and restore neurological function disrupted by SCI. We hypothesize that BMA's bioactive components may stimulate reparative processes at the cellular level, particularly when applied at strategic sites like the sacral hiatus to influence lumbar centers and higher neurological structures. By exploring the mechanisms through which BMA influences spinal repair, this review aims to establish a foundation for its application in clinical settings, potentially offering a transformative approach to SCI management that extends beyond symptomatic relief to promoting functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fábio Lana
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
- Clinical Research, Anna Vitória Lana Institute (IAVL), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
- Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Annu Navani
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
- Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil
- Comprehensive Spine & Sports Center, Campbell, CA 95008, USA
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Napoliane Santos
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Luyddy Pires
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Izair Jefthé Rodrigues
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Douglas Santos
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Tomas Mosaner
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Gabriel Azzini
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Lucas Furtado da Fonseca
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
- Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Pontes de Macedo
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Stephany Cares Huber
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Daniel de Moraes Ferreira Jorge
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (J.F.L.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (G.A.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.P.d.M.); (S.C.H.); (D.d.M.F.J.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
| | - Joseph Purita
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.N.); (J.P.)
- Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil
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9
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Bian C, Huang Y, Li R, Xu P, You X, Lv Y, Ruan Z, Chen J, Xu J, Shi Q. Genomics comparisons of three chromosome-level mudskipper genome assemblies reveal molecular clues for water-to-land evolution and adaptation. J Adv Res 2024; 58:93-104. [PMID: 37220853 PMCID: PMC10982859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mudskippers are a large group of amphibious fishes that have developed many morphological and physiological capacities to live on land. Genomics comparisons of chromosome-level genome assemblies of three representative mudskippers, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (BP), Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus (PM) and P. modestus (PMO), may be able to provide novel insights into the water-to-land evolution and adaptation. METHODS Two chromosome-level genome assemblies for BP and PM were respectively sequenced by an integration of PacBio, Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing. A series of standard assembly and annotation pipelines were subsequently performed for both mudskippers. We also re-annotated the PMO genome, downloaded from NCBI, to obtain a redundancy-reduced annotation. Three-way comparative analyses of the three mudskipper genomes in a large scale were carried out to discover detailed genomic differences, such as different gene sizes, and potential chromosomal fission and fusion events. Comparisons of several representative gene families among the three amphibious mudskippers and some other teleosts were also performed to find some molecular clues for terrestrial adaptation. RESULTS We obtained two high-quality haplotype genome assemblies with 23 and 25 chromosomes for BP and PM respectively. We also found two specific chromosome fission events in PM. Ancestor chromosome analysis has discovered a common fusion event in mudskipper ancestor. This fusion was then retained in all the three mudskipper species. A loss of some SCPP (secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein) genes were identified in the three mudskipper genomes, which could lead to reduction of scales for a part-time terrestrial residence. The loss of aanat1a gene, encoding an important enzyme (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1a, AANAT1a) for dopamine metabolism and melatonin biosynthesis, was confirmed in PM but not in PMO (as previously reported existence in BP), suggesting a better air vision of PM than both PMO and BP. Such a tiny variation within the genus Periophthalmus exemplifies to prove a step-by-step evolution for the mudskippers' water-to-land adaptation. CONCLUSION These high-quality mudskipper genome assemblies will become valuable genetic resources for in-depth discovery of genomic evolution for the terrestrial adaptation of amphibious fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bian
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China; Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China.
| | - Yu Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China
| | - Ruihan Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China
| | - Pengwei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China
| | - Xinxin You
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China; Applied Research Institute for Modern Fishery Industry, Guangdong Dabaihui Marine Technology Group Co. Ltd., Huizhou 516357, China
| | - Yunyun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China; Applied Research Institute for Modern Fishery Industry, Guangdong Dabaihui Marine Technology Group Co. Ltd., Huizhou 516357, China
| | - Jieming Chen
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China; Applied Research Institute for Modern Fishery Industry, Guangdong Dabaihui Marine Technology Group Co. Ltd., Huizhou 516357, China
| | - Junmin Xu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China; Applied Research Institute for Modern Fishery Industry, Guangdong Dabaihui Marine Technology Group Co. Ltd., Huizhou 516357, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518081, China; Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; Applied Research Institute for Modern Fishery Industry, Guangdong Dabaihui Marine Technology Group Co. Ltd., Huizhou 516357, China.
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10
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Mukit FA, Manley A, Patel AB, Hashemi M, Laplant JF, Fleming JC, Fowler BT. Side Effects and Adverse Events After Treatment With Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease: A Retrospective Observational Case Series. Cureus 2024; 16:e58585. [PMID: 38765324 PMCID: PMC11102658 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
As the use of teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease (TED) becomes more prolific, there remains a scarcity of literature regarding the associated side effects and adverse events of teprotumumab use. The authors present a single-center retrospective, observational case review of TED patients who received at least a single dose of teprotumumab infusion at the oculofacial plastic surgery service between February 2020 and July 2023. The most predominant recollected side effects were fatigue, brittle nails, dry eye symptoms, hair loss, muscle spasms, and dry mouth. Significant adverse events were limited to two cases of a blood clot and a single case of pulmonary embolism. This is the first retrospective study of patient-reported side effects and adverse events experienced by a cohort of teprotumumab users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Manley
- Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Akash B Patel
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Marium Hashemi
- Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Jacquelyn F Laplant
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - James C Fleming
- Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamilton Eye Institute, Memphis, USA
| | - Brian T Fowler
- Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamilton Eye Institute, Memphis, USA
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11
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Shahid A, Santos SG, Lin C, Huang Y. Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Tobacco Smoking-Associated Lung Cancer Development. Biomedicines 2024; 12:563. [PMID: 38540176 PMCID: PMC10967781 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health concern, with lung cancer consistently leading as one of the most common malignancies. Genetic aberrations involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are known to be associated with cancer initiation and development, but RTK involvement in smoking-associated lung cancer cases is not well understood. The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) is a receptor that plays a critical role in lung cancer development. Its signaling pathway affects the growth and survival of cancer cells, and high expression is linked to poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. Several reports have shown that by activating IGF-1R, tobacco smoke-related carcinogens promote lung cancer and chemotherapy resistance. However, the relationship between IGF-1R and cancer is complex and can vary depending on the type of cancer. Ongoing investigations are focused on developing therapeutic strategies to target IGF-1R and overcome chemotherapy resistance. Overall, this review explores the intricate connections between tobacco smoke-specific carcinogens and the IGF-1R pathway in lung carcinogenesis. This review further highlights the challenges in using IGF-1R inhibitors as targeted therapy for lung cancer due to structural similarities with insulin receptors. Overcoming these obstacles may require a comprehensive approach combining IGF-1R inhibition with other selective agents for successful cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Shaira Gail Santos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Carol Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
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12
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Poulsen VV, Hadi A, Werge MP, Karstensen JG, Novovic S. Circulating Biomarkers Involved in the Development of and Progression to Chronic Pancreatitis-A Literature Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38397476 PMCID: PMC10887223 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is the end-stage of continuous inflammation and fibrosis in the pancreas evolving from acute- to recurrent acute-, early, and, finally, end-stage CP. Currently, prevention is the only way to reduce disease burden. In this setting, early detection is of great importance. Due to the anatomy and risks associated with direct sampling from pancreatic tissue, most of our information on the human pancreas arises from circulating biomarkers thought to be involved in pancreatic pathophysiology or injury. The present review provides the status of circulating biomarkers involved in the development of and progression to CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valborg Vang Poulsen
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Amer Hadi
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Mikkel Parsberg Werge
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - John Gásdal Karstensen
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Srdan Novovic
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Nijenhuis-Noort EC, Berk KA, Neggers SJCMM, Lely AJVD. The Fascinating Interplay between Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Insulin. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:83-89. [PMID: 38192102 PMCID: PMC10901670 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2024.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This review intends to provide the reader with a practical overview of several (patho)physiological conditions in which knowledge of the interplay between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin is important. This might help treating physicians in making the right decisions on how to intervene and improve metabolism for the benefit of patients, and to understand why and how metabolism responds in their specific cases. We will specifically address the interplay between GH, IGF-1, and insulin in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and acromegaly as examples in which this knowledge is truly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline C Nijenhuis-Noort
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A Berk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian J C M M Neggers
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J van der Lely
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Hu F, Huang K, Zhang H, Hu W, Tong S, Xu H. IGF-PLGA microspheres promote angiogenesis and accelerate skin flap repair and healing by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating the Ang 1/Tie 2 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106687. [PMID: 38176662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Random flaps are widely used in the treatment of injuries, tumors, congenital malformations, and other diseases. However, postoperative skin flaps are prone to ischemic necrosis, leading to surgical failure. Insulin-like growth factor- 1(IGF-1) belongs to the IGF family and exerts its growth-promoting effects in various tissues through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Its application in skin flaps and other traumatic diseases is relatively limited. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a degradable high-molecular-weight organic compound commonly used in biomaterials. This study prepared IGF-PLGA sustained-release microspheres to explore their impact on the survival rate of flaps both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanisms involved. The research results demonstrate that IGF-PLGA has a good sustained-release effect. At the cellular level, it can promote 3T3 cell proliferation by inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, and enhance the tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) . At the animal level, it accelerates flap healing by promoting vascularization through the inhibition of oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study reveals the role of IGF-PLGA in activating the Angiopoietin-1(Ang1)/Tie2 signaling pathway in promoting flap vascularization, providing a strong theoretical basis and therapeutic target for the application of IGF-1 in flaps and other traumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Hanbo Zhang
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Songlin Tong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China.
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15
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Rusin D, Vahl Becirovic L, Lyszczarz G, Krueger M, Benmamar-Badel A, Vad Mathiesen C, Sigurðardóttir Schiöth E, Lykke Lambertsen K, Wlodarczyk A. Microglia-Derived Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Is Critical for Neurodevelopment. Cells 2024; 13:184. [PMID: 38247874 PMCID: PMC10813844 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a peptide hormone essential for the proper development and growth of the organism, as a complete knockout of Igf1 in mice is lethal, causing microcephaly, growth retardation and the defective development of organs. In the central nervous system, neurons and glia have been reported to express Igf1, but their relative importance for postnatal development has not yet been fully defined. In order to address this, here, we obtained mice with a microglia-specific inducible conditional knockout of Igf1. We show that the deficiency in microglial Igf1, starting in the first postnatal week, leads to body and brain growth retardation, severely impaired myelination, changes in microglia numbers, and behavioral abnormalities. These results emphasize the importance of microglial-derived Igf1 for brain development and function and open new perspectives for the investigation of the role of microglial-Igf1 in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Rusin
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lejla Vahl Becirovic
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gabriela Lyszczarz
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anouk Benmamar-Badel
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Vad Mathiesen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Neuroscience Academy Denmark, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eydís Sigurðardóttir Schiöth
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE—Brain Research Interdisciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Wlodarczyk
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE—Brain Research Interdisciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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16
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Hanif MA, Hossen S, Cho DH, Kho KH. The Neuropeptide HGAP Regulates Growth, Reproduction, Metamorphosis, Tissue Damage Repair, and Response against Starvation in Pacific Abalone. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 114:453-467. [PMID: 38142675 PMCID: PMC11108583 DOI: 10.1159/000535945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropeptides regulate vital physiological processes in multicellular organisms, including growth, reproduction, metamorphosis, and feeding. Recent transcriptome analyses have revealed neuropeptide genes with potential roles in vertebrate and invertebrate growth and reproduction. Among these genes, haliotid growth-associated peptide (HGAP) was identified as a novel gene in abalone. METHODS This study focused on HGAP in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), where the complete cDNA sequence named Hdh-HGAP was identified and characterized. Samples from different experiments, such as metamorphosis, juvenile abalone growth, gonad development stages, muscle remodeling, and starvation, were collected for mRNA expression analysis. RESULTS The sequence spans 552 bp, encoding 96 amino acids with a molecular weight of 10.96 kDa. Expression analysis revealed that Hdh-HGAP exhibited higher levels in muscle tissue. Notably, during metamorphosis, Hdh-HGAP exhibited greater expression in the trochophore, veliger, and juvenile stages than in the cell division stages. Regarding growth patterns, Hdh-HGAP was highly expressed during rapid growth compared to stunted, minimal, and normal growth. In gonadal development, Hdh-HGAP mRNA reached its highest expression level during the ripening stage, indicating a potential role in gonadal cell proliferation and maturation. The in vivo effects of GnRH on gonad development and the expression of the Hdh-HGAP neuropeptide indicate its involvement in regulating reproduction in Pacific abalone. While tissue remodeling is primarily governed by immune genes, Hdh-HGAP was also upregulated during muscle tissue remodeling. Conversely, Hdh-HGAP was downregulated during prolonged starvation. CONCLUSION This study marks the first comprehensive exploration of the Hdh-HGAP neuropeptide gene in Pacific abalone, shedding light on its involvement in growth, reproduction, metamorphosis, tissue remodeling, and response to starvation, although regulatory mechanisms are mostly unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Hanif
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaharior Hossen
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Cho
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
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Fedorczak A, Lewiński A, Stawerska R. Involvement of Sirtuin 1 in the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Signal Transduction and Its Impact on Growth Processes in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15406. [PMID: 37895086 PMCID: PMC10607608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of growth processes in children depends on the synthesis of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Insulin-like growth factor 1, which is mainly secreted in the liver in response to GH, is the main peripheral mediator of GH action. Newly discovered factors regulating GH secretion and its effects are being studied recently. One of them is sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). This NAD+-dependent deacetylase, by modulating the JAK2/STAT pathway, is involved in the transduction of the GH signal in hepatocytes, leading to the synthesis of IGF-1. In addition, it participates in the regulation of the synthesis of GHRH in the hypothalamus and GH in the somatotropic cells. SIRT1 is suggested to be involved in growth plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth as it has a positive effect on the epiphyseal growth plate. SIRT1 is also implicated in various cellular processes, including metabolism, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, oxidative stress response, and DNA repair. Thus, its expression varies depending on the different metabolic states. During malnutrition, SIRT1 blocks GH signal transduction in hepatocytes to reduce the IGF-1 secretion and prevent hypoglycemia (i.e., it causes transient GH resistance). In this review, we focused on the influence of SIRT1 on GH signal transduction and the implications that may arise for growth processes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fedorczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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18
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Masliukov PM. Changes of Signaling Pathways in Hypothalamic Neurons with Aging. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8289-8308. [PMID: 37886966 PMCID: PMC10605528 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is an important regulator of autonomic and endocrine functions also involved in aging regulation. The aging process in the hypothalamus is accompanied by disturbed intracellular signaling including insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/growth hormone (GH), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB), and nitric oxide (NO). In the current review, I have summarized the current understanding of the changes in the above-mentioned pathways in aging with a focus on hypothalamic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr M Masliukov
- Department Normal Physiology, Yaroslavl State Medical University, ul. Revoliucionnaya 5, 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia
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Li P, Chen X, Hou D, Chen B, Peng K, Huang W, Cao J, Zhao H. Positive effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and viability against hypoxic stress in largemouth bass. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190592. [PMID: 37711631 PMCID: PMC10498469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum (CB) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant activity, mRNA levels of immune-related genes and resistance to hypoxia stress were studied in largemouth bass. Feed with CB0 (control, 0 CFU/kg), CB1 (4.3×108 CFU/kg), CB2 (7.5×108 CFU/kg), CB3 (1.5×109 CFU/kg) and CB4 (3.2×109 CFU/kg) CB for 56 days, and then a 3 h hypoxic stress experiment was performed. The results showed that dietary CB significantly increased the WGR (weight gain rate), SGR (specific growth rate), PDR (protein deposition rate) and ISI (Intestosomatic index) of largemouth bass (P<0.05). Hepatic GH (growth hormone)/IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) gene expression was significantly upregulated in the CB3 and CB4 groups compared with the CB0 group (P<0.05), while the FC (feed conversion) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Serum TP (total protein) and GLU (glucose) levels were significantly higher in the CB4 group than in the CB0 group (P<0.05), while the contents of serum AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine transaminase), AKP (alkline phosphatase) and UN (urea nitrogen) in CB4 were significantly lower than those in CB0 (P<0.05). T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) activities were significantly higher in CB3 and CB4 groups than in CB0 group (P<0. 05). The liver MDA (malondialdehyde) content of CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups was significantly higher than that of CB0 group (P<0. 05). The relative expressions of IL-1β (interleukin 1β), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α) and TLR22 (toll-like receptor-22) genes in CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups were significantly lower than those in CB0 group (P<0.05). The relative expression of IL-8 (malondialdehyde) and MyD88 (Myeloid differentiation factor 88) genes in the CB4 group was significantly lower than that in the CB0 group (P<0.05). The liver LZM (lysozyme) content of CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups was significantly higher than that of CB0 group (P<0. 05). The relative expression of IL-10 (interleukin 10) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) genes in the CB4 group was significantly higher than that in the CB0 group (P<0.05). Under hypoxic stress for 3 h, the CMR of CB0 group was significantly higher than that of CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups (P<0.05). Dietary CB can improve the growth performance and resistance to hypoxic stress of largemouth bass by regulating the expression of GH/IGF-1 gene and inflammatory factors and inhibiting TLR22/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongqiang Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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20
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He Y, Wang Q, Wu H, Dong Y, Peng Z, Guo X, Jiang N. The role of IGF-1 in exercise to improve obesity-related cognitive dysfunction. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1229165. [PMID: 37638322 PMCID: PMC10447980 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1229165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important factor that threatens human health. The occurrence of many chronic diseases is related to obesity, and cognitive function decline often occurs with the onset of obesity. With the further prevalence of obesity, it is bound to lead to a wider range of cognitive dysfunction (ORCD). Therefore, it is crucial to suppress ORCD through intervention. In this regard, exercise has been shown to be effective in preventing obesity and improving cognitive function as a non-drug treatment. There is sufficient evidence that exercise has a regulatory effect on a growth factor closely related to cognitive function-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 may be an important mediator in improving ORCD through exercise. This article reviews the effects of obesity and IGF-1 on cognitive function and the regulation of exercise on IGF-1. It analyzes the mechanism by which exercise can improve ORCD by regulating IGF-1. Overall, this review provides evidence from relevant animal studies and human studies, showing that exercise plays a role in improving ORCD. It emphasizes the importance of IGF-1, which helps to understand the health effects of exercise and promotes research on the treatment of ORCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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21
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Lana JF, Purita J, Everts PA, De Mendonça Neto PAT, de Moraes Ferreira Jorge D, Mosaner T, Huber SC, Azzini GOM, da Fonseca LF, Jeyaraman M, Dallo I, Santos GS. Platelet-Rich Plasma Power-Mix Gel (ppm)-An Orthobiologic Optimization Protocol Rich in Growth Factors and Fibrin. Gels 2023; 9:553. [PMID: 37504432 PMCID: PMC10379106 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet- and fibrin-rich orthobiologic products, such as autologous platelet concentrates, have been extensively studied and appreciated for their beneficial effects on multiple conditions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its derivatives, including platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in clinical and laboratory settings, particularly in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Although PRP and PRF have distinct characteristics, they share similar properties. The relative abundance of platelets, peripheral blood cells, and molecular components in these orthobiologic products stimulates numerous biological pathways. These include inflammatory modulation, augmented neovascularization, and the delivery of pro-anabolic stimuli that regulate cell recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, the fibrinolytic system, which is sometimes overlooked, plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine by regulating proteolytic activity and promoting the recruitment of inflammatory cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in areas of tissue regeneration, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle. PRP acts as a potent signaling agent; however, it diffuses easily, while the fibrin from PRF offers a durable scaffolding effect that promotes cell activity. The combination of fibrin with hyaluronic acid (HA), another well-studied orthobiologic product, has been shown to improve its scaffolding properties, leading to more robust fibrin polymerization. This supports cell survival, attachment, migration, and proliferation. Therefore, the administration of the "power mix" containing HA and autologous PRP + PRF may prove to be a safe and cost-effective approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fábio Lana
- OrthoRegen Group, Max-Planck University, Indaiatuba 13343-060, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomas Mosaner
- Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Stephany Cares Huber
- Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | | | | | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu 600095, India
| | - Ignacio Dallo
- SportMe Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Unit of Biological Therapies and MSK Interventionism, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
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22
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Al-Samerria S, Radovick S. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting GH and IGF-1 in the Management of Obesity: Insights from the Interplay between These Hormones and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119556. [PMID: 37298507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide, and GH and IGF-1 have been studied as potential therapeutic targets for managing this condition. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive view of the interplay between GH and IGF-1 and metabolism within the context of obesity. We conducted a systematic review of the literature that was published from 1993 to 2023, using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We included studies that investigated the effects of GH and IGF-1 on adipose tissue metabolism, energy balance, and weight regulation in humans and animals. Our review highlights the physiological functions of GH and IGF-1 in adipose tissue metabolism, including lipolysis and adipogenesis. We also discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of these hormones on energy balance, such as their influence on insulin sensitivity and appetite regulation. Additionally, we summarize the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of GH and IGF-1 as therapeutic targets for managing obesity, including in pharmacological interventions and hormone replacement therapy. Finally, we address the challenges and limitations of targeting GH and IGF-1 in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmed Al-Samerria
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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23
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Chaves-Coira I, García-Magro N, Zegarra-Valdivia J, Torres-Alemán I, Núñez Á. Cognitive Deficits in Aging Related to Changes in Basal Forebrain Neuronal Activity. Cells 2023; 12:1477. [PMID: 37296598 PMCID: PMC10252596 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process accompanied by a decline in cognitive performance. The cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain provide projections to the cortex that are directly engaged in many cognitive processes in mammals. In addition, basal forebrain neurons contribute to the generation of different rhythms in the EEG along the sleep/wakefulness cycle. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances grouped around the changes in basal forebrain activity during healthy aging. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of brain function and their decline is especially relevant in today's society as an increasingly aged population faces higher risks of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The profound age-related cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative diseases associated with basal forebrain dysfunction highlight the importance of investigating the aging of this brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chaves-Coira
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria García-Magro
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jonathan Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-V.); (I.T.-A.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 02001, Peru
| | - Ignacio Torres-Alemán
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-V.); (I.T.-A.)
- Ikerbasque Science Foundation, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ángel Núñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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24
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Mahr K, Anzengruber M, Hellerschmid A, Slezacek J, Hoi H, Subbiahdoss G, Gabor F, Lendvai ÁZ. Biocompatible polymeric microparticles serve as novel and reliable vehicles for exogenous hormone manipulations in passerines. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 336:114234. [PMID: 36791824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The administration of exogenous hormones emerged as an essential tool for field studies in endocrinology. However, working with wild animals remains challenging, because under field conditions not every available method meets the necessary requirements. Achieving a sustained elevation in hormone levels, while simultaneously minimising handling time and invasiveness of the procedure is a difficult task in field endocrinology. Facing this challenge, we have investigated the suitability of biocompatible polymeric microparticles, a novel method for drug-administration, as a tool to manipulate hormones in small songbirds. We chose the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as target hormone, because it receives great interest from the research community due to its important role in shaping life-history traits. Moreover, its short half-life and hydrophilic properties imply a major challenge in finding a suitable method to achieve a sustained, systemic long-term release. To study the release kinetics, we injected either IGF-1 loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles or dispersion medium (control group) in the skin pocket of the interscapular region of captive bearded reedlings (Panurus biarmicus). We collected blood samples for 7 consecutive days plus an additional sampling period after two weeks and complemented these with an in vitro experiment. Our results show that in vitro, PLGA microparticles allowed a stable IGF-1 release for more than 15 days, following a burst release at the beginning of the measurement. In vivo, the initial burst was followed by a drop to still elevated levels in circulating IGF-1 until the effect vanished by 16 days post-treatment. This study is the first to describe the use of PLGA-microparticles as a novel tool for exogenous hormone administration in a small passerine. We suggest that this method is highly suitable to achieve the systemic long-term release of hydrophilic hormones with short half-life and reduces overall handling time, as it requires only one subcutaneous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahr
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Anzengruber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Hellerschmid
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Slezacek
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Hoi
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guruprakash Subbiahdoss
- Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Gabor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ádám Z Lendvai
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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25
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Li Y, Zong X, Zhang Y, Guo J, Li H. Association of Body Mass Index with Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Levels among 3227 Chinese Children Aged 2-18 Years. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081849. [PMID: 37111069 PMCID: PMC10142560 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels are affected by nutritional status, yet there is limited research exploring the association between body mass index (BMI) and IGF-1 levels among children. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 3227 children aged 2-18 years without specific diseases, whose height, weight, and pubertal stages were measured and assessed by pediatricians. BMI standard deviation scores (BMISDS) were used to categorize children as underweight (BMISDS < -2); normal-weight (-2 ≤ BMISDS ≤ 1); overweight (1 < BMISDS ≤ 2); and obese (BMISDS > 2). Children were divided into low-level (<-0.67 SD) and nonlow-level (≥-0.67 SD) groups based on IGF-1 standard deviation scores (IGF-1SDS). The association between IGF-1 and BMI as categorical and continuous variables was explored by Binary logistic regression, the restrictive cubic spline model, and the generalized additive model. Models were adjusted by height and pubertal development. Recursive algorithm and multivariate piecewise linear regression were further utilized to assess the threshold of the smooth curve. RESULTS IGF-1 levels varied by BMI categories, with the highest levels observed in the overweight group. The proportion of low IGF-1 levels in underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups was 32.1%, 14.2%, 8.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. The risk odds of low IGF-1 levels in underweight children were 2.86-, 2.20-, and 2.25-fold higher than in children with normal weight before adjustment, after adjustment for height, and after adjustment for height and puberty, respectively. When analyzing the association between BMI and low IGF-1 levels, dose-response analysis demonstrated an inverted J-shaped relationship between BMISDS and low IGF-1 levels. Lower or higher BMISDS increased the odds of low IGF-1 levels, and significance was retained in underweight children but not in obese children. When BMI and IGF-1 levels were used as continuous variables, the relationship between the BMISDS and IGF-1SDS followed a nonlinear inverted U shape. IGF-1SDS increased with the increase of BMISDS (β = 0.174, 95% CI: 0.141 to 0.208, p < 0.01) when BMISDS was less than 1.71 standard deviation (SD) and decreased with the increase of BMISDS (β = -0.358, 95% CI: -0.474 to -0.241, p < 0.01) when BMISDS was greater than 1.71 SD. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between BMI and IGF-1 levels was found to depend on the type of variable, and extremely low or high BMI values could result in a tendency toward low IGF-1 levels, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a normal BMI range for normal IGF-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinnan Zong
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jiayun Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center of Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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26
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Makarova E, Dubinina A, Denisova E, Kazantseva A. Genetic Obesity in Pregnant Ay Mice Does Not Affect Susceptibility to Obesity and Food Choice in Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065610. [PMID: 36982684 PMCID: PMC10057349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet and obesity (MO) may influence taste preferences and increase the susceptibility to obesity in offspring, but the impact of MO per se to these influences is poorly understood. We evaluated the influence of MO on food choice and susceptibility to obesity in offspring when mothers consumed a standard diet (SD). Mice with the Lethal yellow mutation (Ay/a) develop obesity consuming an SD. Metabolic parameters were assessed in pregnant and lactating Ay/a (obesity) and a/a (control) mothers. Metabolic response to the consumption of a sweet–fat diet (SFD: SD, lard, and sweet biscuits) and the choice of components of this diet were evaluated in their male and female offspring. Compared to control mothers, pregnant obese mothers had higher levels of insulin, leptin, and FGF21. MO increased food intake and liver expression of lipogenesis genes in male offspring consuming the SD. SFD consumption caused obesity development and insulin resistance, increased liver expression of glycolytic and lipogenesis genes, and affected hypothalamic expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic genes. In offspring of both sexes, MO had no effect on food choice and metabolic response to SFD intake. Therefore, when obese mothers consume a balanced diet, MO does not affect food choice and development of diet-induced obesity in offspring.
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27
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Ivan DC, Berve KC, Walthert S, Monaco G, Borst K, Bouillet E, Ferreira F, Lee H, Steudler J, Buch T, Prinz M, Engelhardt B, Locatelli G. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor controls the function of CNS-resident macrophages and their contribution to neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36890580 PMCID: PMC9993619 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulates neuronal survival and myelination in the adult CNS. In neuroinflammatory conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), IGF-1 can regulate cellular survival and activation in a context-dependent and cell-specific manner. Notwithstanding its importance, the functional outcome of IGF-1 signaling in microglia/macrophages, which maintain CNS homeostasis and regulate neuroinflammation, remains undefined. As a result, contradictory reports on the disease-ameliorating efficacy of IGF-1 are difficult to interpret, together precluding its potential use as a therapeutic agent. To fill this gap, we here investigated the role of IGF-1 signaling in CNS-resident microglia and border associated macrophages (BAMs) by conditional genetic deletion of the receptor Igf1r in these cell types. Using a series of techniques including histology, bulk RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and intravital imaging, we show that absence of IGF-1R significantly impacted the morphology of both BAMs and microglia. RNA analysis revealed minor changes in microglia. In BAMs however, we detected an upregulation of functional pathways associated with cellular activation and a decreased expression of adhesion molecules. Notably, genetic deletion of Igf1r from CNS-resident macrophages led to a significant weight gain in mice, suggesting that absence of IGF-1R from CNS-resident myeloid cells indirectly impacts the somatotropic axis. Lastly, we observed a more severe EAE disease course upon Igf1r genetic ablation, thus highlighting an important immunomodulatory role of this signaling pathway in BAMs/microglia. Taken together, our work shows that IGF-1R signaling in CNS-resident macrophages regulates the morphology and transcriptome of these cells while significantly decreasing the severity of autoimmune CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Ivan
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Carolin Berve
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Walthert
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Borst
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henry Lee
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Steudler
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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28
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Huang C, Meng D, Li Y, Lu S, Yang W, Wu B, Chen S, Yang Z, Liu H. Gut microbiota composition alteration analysis and functional categorization in children with growth hormone deficiency. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1133258. [PMID: 36911039 PMCID: PMC9998986 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1133258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study changes in the composition and functions of the gut microbiota (GM) in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) using high-throughput sequencing. METHODS Thirty-three children with GHD diagnosed in Longgang District Maternity and Child Health Hospital were included in the disease group and 24 healthy children of the same age comprised the control group. Total DNA was extracted and amplified from stool samples obtained from all subjects. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the GM composition and functions. RESULTS The GM from the two groups of children showed significant differences in α-diversity (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control group, the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly higher (45.96% vs. 65.71%) while the Firmicutes count was significantly lower (47.09% vs. 25.20%). At the genus level, the abundance of Prevotella in the disease group was significantly higher (3.16% vs. 20.67%) and that of Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Clostridium XlVa, and Megamonas was lower (6.576% vs. 1.75%; 4.51% vs. 0.80%; 5.08% vs. 2.02%, respectively). GM functions, including those involved in membrane_transport, energy_metabolism, poorly_characterized, metabolism_of_cofactors_and_vitamins, glycan_biosynthesis_and_metabolism, transcription, folding,_sorting,_and_degradation, were significantly altered in the disease group. The abundance of various GM components was correlated with endocrine hormone levels. CONCLUSION Significant alterations in the GM are seen in children with growth hormone deficiency, which may affect both energy metabolism and the levels of endocrine hormones, potentially leading to growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congfu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongming Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinhu Li
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiyang Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Statistics and Data Science, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Correspondence: Haiying Liu
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Sugiharto, Merawati D, Pranoto A, Susanto H. Physiological response of endurance exercise as a growth hormone mediator in adolescent women's. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:61-67. [PMID: 35499967 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overweight status decreases the growth hormone (GH) secretion, thus, increasing the risk factors for medical complications. However, proper exercise is reported to enhance GH and affect the energy balance. Therefore, exercise is proclaimed to be an accurate and engaging therapy to increase GH in preventing overweight. This study aims to investigate the physiological response of exercise in mediating the increase of GH secretion in female adolescents. METHODS 22 overweight women aged 19-20 years old, with maximal oxygen consumption of 27-35 mL/kg/min, were selected as sample size. They were divided into three groups, namely (CONT, n=7) Control, (MIEE, n=7) Moderate-intensity interval endurance exercise, and (MCEE, n=8) Moderate-intensity continuous endurance exercise. The exercise was carried out by running for 30-35 min using treadmills with an intensity of 60-70% HRmax. The blood sampling for GH examination was carried out four times before exercise, 10 min, 6 h, and 24 h after exercise. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the GH and IGF-1 levels. The data analysis was carried out using a one-way ANOVA test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The results of the one-Way ANOVA test suggested a significantly different average GH and IGF-1 before and after the exercise between the three groups (CON, MIEE, and MCEE) (p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS MCEE increases the GH and IGF-1 levels more considerably than MIEE. Therefore, exercise is a mediator to increase GH and IGF-1 secretion in overweight individuals. Exercise could be a viable therapy for overweight people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiharto
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Desiana Merawati
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Adi Pranoto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hendra Susanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
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Guan K, Shan C, Guo A, Gao X, Li X. Ghrelin regulates hyperactivity-like behaviors via growth hormone signaling pathway in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1163263. [PMID: 37065761 PMCID: PMC10102434 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1163263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ghrelin is originally identified as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and partially acts by stimulating growth hormone (GH) release. Our previous studies have identified GHRELIN as a novel susceptibility gene for human attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and ghrelin-depleted zebrafish (Danio rerio) display ADHD-like behaviors. However, the underlying molecular mechanism how ghrelin regulates hyperactivity-like behaviors is not yet known. RESULTS Here, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis using adult ghrelin Δ/Δ zebrafish brains to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that gh1 mRNA and genes related to the gh signaling pathway were significantly reduced at transcriptional expression levels. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed and confirmed the downregulation of gh signaling pathway-related genes in ghrelin Δ/Δ zebrafish larvae and the brain of adult ghrelin Δ/Δ zebrafish. In addition, ghrelin Δ/Δ zebrafish displayed hyperactive and hyperreactive phenotypes, such as an increase in motor activity in swimming test and a hyperreactive phenotype under light/dark cycle stimulation, mimicking human ADHD symptoms. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) partially rescued the hyperactivity and hyperreactive-like behaviors in ghrelin mutant zebrafish. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ghrelin may regulate hyperactivity-like behaviors by mediating gh signaling pathway in zebrafish. And the protective effect of rhGH on ghrelin Δ/Δ zebrafish hyperactivity behavior provides new therapeutic clues for ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Guan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anqi Guo
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Central Laboratory, Scientific Research Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Li, ; Xiang Gao,
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Li, ; Xiang Gao,
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Macvanin M, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Essack M, Gao X, Isenovic ER. New insights on the cardiovascular effects of IGF-1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142644. [PMID: 36843588 PMCID: PMC9947133 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular (CV) disorders are steadily increasing, making them the world's most prevalent health issue. New research highlights the importance of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for maintaining CV health. METHODS We searched PubMed and MEDLINE for English and non-English articles with English abstracts published between 1957 (when the first report on IGF-1 identification was published) and 2022. The top search terms were: IGF-1, cardiovascular disease, IGF-1 receptors, IGF-1 and microRNAs, therapeutic interventions with IGF-1, IGF-1 and diabetes, IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease. The search retrieved original peer-reviewed articles, which were further analyzed, focusing on the role of IGF-1 in pathophysiological conditions. We specifically focused on including the most recent findings published in the past five years. RESULTS IGF-1, an anabolic growth factor, regulates cell division, proliferation, and survival. In addition to its well-known growth-promoting and metabolic effects, there is mounting evidence that IGF-1 plays a specialized role in the complex activities that underpin CV function. IGF-1 promotes cardiac development and improves cardiac output, stroke volume, contractility, and ejection fraction. Furthermore, IGF-1 mediates many growth hormones (GH) actions. IGF-1 stimulates contractility and tissue remodeling in humans to improve heart function after myocardial infarction. IGF-1 also improves the lipid profile, lowers insulin levels, increases insulin sensitivity, and promotes glucose metabolism. These findings point to the intriguing medicinal potential of IGF-1. Human studies associate low serum levels of free or total IGF-1 with an increased risk of CV and cerebrovascular illness. Extensive human trials are being conducted to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and outcomes of IGF-1-related therapy. DISCUSSION We anticipate the development of novel IGF-1-related therapy with minimal side effects. This review discusses recent findings on the role of IGF-1 in the cardiovascular (CVD) system, including both normal and pathological conditions. We also discuss progress in therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting the IGF axis and provide insights into the epigenetic regulation of IGF-1 mediated by microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Mirjana Macvanin,
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Barabutis N, Akhter MS, Kubra KT, Jackson K. Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Endothelial Inflammation. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6887354. [PMID: 36503995 PMCID: PMC9923806 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of hypothalamic hormones propelled exciting advances in pharmacotherapy and improved life quality worldwide. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a crucial element in homeostasis maintenance, and regulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. Accumulating evidence suggests that this neuropeptide can also promote malignancies, as well as inflammation. Our review is focused on the role of that 44 - amino acid peptide (GHRH) and its antagonists in inflammation and vascular function, summarizing recent findings in the corresponding field. Preclinical studies demonstrate the protective role of GHRH antagonists against endothelial barrier dysfunction, suggesting that the development of those peptides may lead to new therapies against pathologies related to vascular remodeling (eg, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome). Targeted therapies for those diseases do not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- Correspondence: Nektarios Barabutis, MSc, PhD, School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Dr, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | | | - Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Keith Jackson
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
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Human Hair Follicles Operate a Functional Peripheral Equivalent of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Somatotropic Axis Ex Vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:868-871.e7. [PMID: 36496194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Braschi B, Bruford EA, Cavanagh AT, Neuman SD, Bashirullah A. The bridge-like lipid transfer protein (BLTP) gene group: introducing new nomenclature based on structural homology indicating shared function. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:66. [PMID: 36461115 PMCID: PMC9719229 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee assigns unique symbols and names to human genes. The use of approved nomenclature enables effective communication between researchers, and there are multiple examples of how the usage of unapproved alias symbols can lead to confusion. We discuss here a recent nomenclature update (May 2022) for a set of genes that encode proteins with a shared repeating β-groove domain. Some of the proteins encoded by genes in this group have already been shown to function as lipid transporters. By working with researchers in the field, we have been able to introduce a new root symbol (BLTP, which stands for "bridge-like lipid transfer protein") for this domain-based gene group. This new nomenclature not only reflects the shared domain in these proteins, but also takes into consideration the mounting evidence of a shared lipid transport function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Braschi
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD UK
| | - Elspeth A. Bruford
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0AW UK
| | - Amy T. Cavanagh
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222 USA
| | - Sarah D. Neuman
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222 USA
| | - Arash Bashirullah
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222 USA
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Singh DD, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Han I, Choi EH, Yadav DK. Development of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance and Antidiabetic Drug Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233767. [PMID: 36497027 PMCID: PMC9738282 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is reported to be common in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes contributes to common molecular mechanisms and an underlying pathology with dementia. Brain cells becoming resistant to insulin leads to elevated blood glucose levels, impaired synaptic plasticity, microglial overactivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, nutrient deprivation, TAU (Tubulin-Associated Unit) phosphorylation, and cholinergic dysfunction. If insulin has neuroprotective properties, insulin resistance may interfere with those properties. Risk factors have a significant impact on the development of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, stroke, and other conditions. Analysis of risk factors of importance for the association between diabetes and dementia is important because they may impede clinical management and early diagnosis. We discuss the pathological and physiological mechanisms behind the association between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia, such as insulin resistance, insulin signaling, and sporadic forms of dementia; the relationship between insulin receptor activation and TAU phosphorylation; dementia and mRNA expression and downregulation of related receptors; neural modulation due to insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis; and neuronal apoptosis due to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Addressing these factors will offer clinical outcome-based insights into the mechanisms and connection between patients with type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we will explore the role of brain insulin resistance and evidence for anti-diabetic drugs in the prevention of dementia risk in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-H.C.); (D.K.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4947 (D.K.Y.)
| | - Dharmendra K. Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Gachon University, Incheon 21924, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-H.C.); (D.K.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4947 (D.K.Y.)
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Gusmao DO, de Sousa ME, Tavares MR, Donato J. Increased GH Secretion and Body Growth in Mice Carrying Ablation of IGF-1 Receptor in GH-releasing Hormone Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6696879. [PMID: 36099517 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) secretion is controlled by short and long negative feedback loops. In this regard, both GH (short-loop feedback) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; long-loop feedback) can target somatotropic cells of the pituitary gland and neuroendocrine hypothalamic neurons to regulate the GH/IGF-1 axis. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-expressing neurons play a fundamental role in stimulating pituitary GH secretion. However, it is currently unknown whether IGF-1 action on GHRH-expressing cells is required for the control of the GH/IGF-1/growth axis. In the present study, we investigated the phenotype of male and female mice carrying ablation of IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) exclusively in GHRH cells. After weaning, both male and female GHRHΔIGF1R mice exhibited increases in body weight, lean body mass, linear growth, and length of long bones (tibia, femur, humerus, and radius). In contrast, the percentage of body fat was similar between control and GHRHΔIGF1R mice. The higher body growth of GHRHΔIGF1R mice can be explained by increases in mean GH levels, GH pulse amplitude, and pulse frequency, calculated from 36 blood samples collected from each animal at 10-minute intervals. GHRHΔIGF1R mice also showed increased hypothalamic Ghrh mRNA levels, pituitary Gh mRNA expression, hepatic Igf1 expression, and serum IGF-1 levels compared with control animals. Furthermore, GHRHΔIGF1R mice displayed significant alterations in the sexually dimorphic hepatic gene expression profile, with a prevailing feminization in most genes analyzed. In conclusion, our findings indicate that GHRH neurons represent a key and necessary site for the long-loop negative feedback that controls the GH/IGF-1 axis and body growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela O Gusmao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria E de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Tavares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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McCune-Albright Syndrome in Infant with Growth Hormone Excess. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081345. [PMID: 36011254 PMCID: PMC9407244 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: McCune-Albright is a rare syndrome, caused by mutation of the GNAS1 gene, and is characterized by an appearance of multiple endocrinopathies, most commonly premature puberty, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and skin changes called cafe au lait macules. Case report: We present the case of a patient who is, to the best of our knowledge and after extensive review of literature, the youngest McCune-Albright syndrome patient with growth hormone excess, diagnosed at 8.9 months of age. An extensive diagnostic procedure was done upon the diagnosis. Hormonal assessment was performed and all hormone levels were within reference range, and an additional oral glucose suppression that noted the presence of growth hormone excess. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland did not detect a tumor process. The genetic analysis of the GNAS1 gene from skin punch biopsy came back negative. Octreotide was administered as therapy for growth hormone excess at 9.8 months. After the introduction of therapy, we noted a decrease in growth rate from 29.38 to 16.6 cm/year. Conclusion: This case report emphasizes the lack of available data on treatment of growth hormone excess and follow-up in pediatric population and the need for further research.
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Abstract
While most tissues exhibit their greatest growth during development, adipose tissue is capable of additional massive expansion in adults. Adipose tissue expandability is advantageous when temporarily storing fuel for use during fasting, but becomes pathological upon continuous food intake, leading to obesity and its many comorbidities. The dense vasculature of adipose tissue provides necessary oxygen and nutrients, and supports delivery of fuel to and from adipocytes under fed or fasting conditions. Moreover, the vasculature of adipose tissue comprises a major niche for multipotent progenitor cells, which give rise to new adipocytes and are necessary for tissue repair. Given the multiple, pivotal roles of the adipose tissue vasculature, impairments in angiogenic capacity may underlie obesity-associated diseases such as diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Exciting new studies on the single-cell and single-nuclei composition of adipose tissues in mouse and humans are providing new insights into mechanisms of adipose tissue angiogenesis. Moreover, new modes of intercellular communication involving micro vesicle and exosome transfer of proteins, nucleic acids and organelles are also being recognized to play key roles. This review focuses on new insights on the cellular and signaling mechanisms underlying adipose tissue angiogenesis, and on their impact on obesity and its pathophysiological consequences.
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Basu R, Qian Y, Mathes S, Terry J, Arnett N, Riddell T, Stevens A, Funk K, Bell S, Bokal Z, Batten C, Smith C, Mendez-Gibson I, Duran-Ortiz S, Lach G, Mora-Criollo PA, Kulkarni P, Davis E, Teaford E, Berryman DE, List EO, Neggers S, Kopchick JJ. Growth hormone receptor antagonism downregulates ATP-binding cassette transporters contributing to improved drug efficacy against melanoma and hepatocarcinoma in vivo. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936145. [PMID: 35865483 PMCID: PMC9296106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Knockdown of GH receptor (GHR) in melanoma cells in vitro downregulates ATP-binding cassette-containing (ABC) transporters and sensitizes them to anti-cancer drug treatments. Here we aimed to determine whether a GHR antagonist (GHRA) could control cancer growth by sensitizing tumors to therapy through downregulation of ABC transporters in vivo. We intradermally inoculated Fluc-B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells into GHA mice, transgenic for a GHR antagonist (GHRA), and observed a marked reduction in tumor size, mass and tumoral GH signaling. Moreover, constitutive GHRA production in the transgenic mice significantly improved the response to cisplatin treatment by suppressing expression of multiple ABC transporters and sensitizing the tumors to the drug. We confirmed that presence of a GHRA and not a mere absence of GH is essential for this chemo-sensitizing effect using Fluc-B16-F10 allografts in GH knockout (GHKO) mice, where tumor growth was reduced relative to that in GH-sufficient controls but did not sensitize the tumor to cisplatin. We extended our investigation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using human HCC cells in vitro and a syngeneic mouse model of HCC with Hepa1-6 allografts in GHA mice. Gene expression analyses and drug-efflux assays confirm that blocking GH significantly suppresses the levels of ABC transporters and improves the efficacy of sorafenib towards almost complete tumor clearance. Human patient data for melanoma and HCC show that GHR RNA levels correlate with ABC transporter expression. Collectively, our results validate in vivo that combination of a GHRA with currently available anti-cancer therapies can be effective in attacking cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Samuel Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Joseph Terry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Nathan Arnett
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Trent Riddell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Austin Stevens
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Kevin Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Stephen Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Zac Bokal
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Courtney Batten
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Cole Smith
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Grace Lach
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | | | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Teaford
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Sebastian Neggers
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Translational Biological Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: John J. Kopchick,
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Iturin A Rescued STb-R-Induced Pork Skeletal Muscle Growth Restriction through the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-mTORC1 Growth Axis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121568. [PMID: 35739903 PMCID: PMC9219473 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The engineered STb-Rosetta Escherichia coli (STb-R) was designed to investigate the effects of Iturin A on the skeletal muscle growth of weaned piglets. A total of 28 piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups (7 piglets per group): the control group (100 mL PBS), the Iturin A group (100 mL 320 mg/kg body weight (BW) Iturin A), the STb-R group (100 mL 1 × 1010 CFU/mL STb-R), and the Iturin A + STb-R group (100 mL 320 mg/kg BW Iturin A + 1 × 1010 CFU/mL STb-R). Compared with the control, STb-R-reduced body weight gain were rescued by Iturin A. The semimembranosus muscle weight recovered to normal level in the Iturin A + STb-R group. The level of relevant genes of the growth axis were elevated by Iturin A, including GHRH in the hypothalamus, GHRHR and GH in the pituitary, and GHR, IGF-1 and IGF-1R in the semimembranosus muscle. Moreover, Iturin A increased the mean fiber area and the number of proliferating cells in the semimembranosus muscle, which were decreased by STb-R. Additionally, the mTORC1 pathway was reactivated by Iturin A to relieve the suppression of STb-R. Collectively, the hypothalamic-pituitary growth axis-mediated Iturin A reactivated the mTORC1 pathway to rescue STb-R-restricted pork skeletal muscle growth.
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García-Magro N, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Troyas-Martinez S, Torres-Aleman I, Nuñez A. Response Facilitation Induced by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of Mice Was Reduced in Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040717. [PMID: 35203366 PMCID: PMC8870291 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in cognition that can be due to a lower IGF-I level. We studied response facilitation induced in primary somatosensory (S1) cortical neurons by repetitive stimulation of whiskers in young and old mice. Layer 2/3 and 5/6 neurons were extracellularly recorded in young (≤ 6 months of age) and old (≥ 20 month of age) anesthetized mice. IGF-I injection in S1 cortex (10 nM; 0.2 μL) increased whisker responses in young and old animals. A stimulation train at 8 Hz induced a long-lasting response facilitation in only layer 2/3 neurons of young animals. However, all cortical neurons from young and old animals showed long-lasting response facilitation when IGF-I was applied in the S1 cortex. The reduction in response facilitation in old animals can be due to a reduction in the IGF-I receptors as was indicated by the immunohistochemistry study. Furthermore, a reduction in the performance of a whisker discrimination task was observed in old animals. In conclusion, our findings indicate that there is a reduction in the synaptic plasticity of S1 neurons during aging that can be recovered by IGF-I. Therefore, it opens the possibility of use IGF-I as a therapeutic tool to ameliorate the effects of heathy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria García-Magro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-M.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (S.T.-M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-M.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (S.T.-M.)
- Cajal Institute, Cibernet (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain;
- Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 02001, Peru
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Troyas-Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-M.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (S.T.-M.)
| | - Ignacio Torres-Aleman
- Cajal Institute, Cibernet (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain;
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-M.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (S.T.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Morphometric analysis of somatotropic and folliculostellate cells of human anterior pituitary during ageing. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/sarh211214044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objective. In this study, we have pointed out the
immunohistomorphometric characteristics of somatotropic (GH) and
folliculo-stellate (FS) cells of the human pituitary gland during ageing.
Methods. On histological sections of the pituitary gland of 14 male cadavers
of different ages, the GH and FS cells were immunohistochemically labeled
with corresponding antibodies, monoclonal anti-GH antibody and polyclonal
anti-S100 antibody, respectively. Immunopositive GH- and FS-cells were
further morphometrically analyzed using ImageJ software. Results. The
obtained results of morphometric analysis showed that the surface area of GH
cells increased significantly with age. In these cells, the
nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio gradually decreased and became significantly
higher after the age of 70 years. The volume density of GH cells has not
changed during ageing, while in FS cells this parameter significantly
increased in the cases older than 70 years. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of
GH cells is negatively correlated with the volume density of FS cells.
Conclusions. Based on the obtained results, we concluded that hypertrophy of
GH and FS cells occurs in men with ageing and that correlation between the
morphometric parameters of these two cell types indicates their mutual
interaction.
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