1
|
Lagal DJ, Montes-Osuna AM, Ortiz-Olivencia A, Arribas-Parejas C, Ortiz-Alcántara Á, Pescuezo-Castillo C, Bárcena JA, Padilla CA, Requejo-Aguilar R. Tumoral Malignancy Decreases Coupled with Higher ROS and Lipid Peroxidation in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells upon Loss of PRDX6. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:881. [PMID: 39061949 PMCID: PMC11274330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is an atypical member of the peroxiredoxin family that presents not only peroxidase but also phospholipase A2 and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase activities able to act on lipid hydroperoxides of cell membranes. It has been associated with the proliferation and invasive capacity of different tumoral cells including colorectal cancer cells, although the effect of its removal in these cells has not been yet studied. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we constructed an HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line knockout for PRDX6 to study whether the mechanisms described for other cancer cells in terms of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness also apply in this tumoral cell line. HCT116 cells lacking PRDX6 showed increased ROS and lipid peroxidation, a decrease in the antioxidant response regulator NRF2, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased sensitivity to ferroptosis. All these alterations lead to a decrease in proliferation, migration, and invasiveness in these cells. Furthermore, the reduced migratory and invasive capacity of HCT116 cancer cells is consistent with the observed cadherin switch and decrease in pro-invasive proteins such as MMPs. Therefore, the mechanism behind the effects of loss of PRDX6 in HCT116 cells could differ from that in HepG2 cells which is coherent with the fact that the correlation of PRDX6 expression with patient survival is different in hepatocellular carcinomas. Nonetheless, our results point to this protein as a good therapeutic target also for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Lagal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Montes-Osuna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz-Olivencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Candela Arribas-Parejas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángel Ortiz-Alcántara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Bárcena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Alicia Padilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng Y, Wang P, Cong L, Shi Q, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling of lymph after trauma-induced hypercoagulopathy and antithrombotic therapy. Thromb J 2024; 22:59. [PMID: 38987792 PMCID: PMC11234664 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine coagulation tests are not widely accepted diagnostic criteria of trauma-induced hypercoagulopathy (TIH) due to insensitivity. Lymphatic vessels drain approximately 10% of the interstitial fluid into the lymphatic system and form lymph. SUBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the potential lymph biomarkers for TIH. METHODS Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the sham (non-fractured rats with sham surgery and vehicle treatment), the VEH (fractured rats with vehicle treatment) and the CLO (fractured rats with clopidogrel treatment) group. Thoracic duct lymph was obtained to perform proteomics and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS A total of 1207 proteins and 16,695 metabolites were identified. The top 5 GO terms of lymph proteomics indicated that oxidative stress and innate immunity were closely associated with TIH and antithrombotic therapy. The top 5 GO terms of lymph metabolomics showed that homocystine and lysophosphatidylcholine were the differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) between the sham and VEH groups, while cholic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, isoleucine and testosterone are the DEMs between the VEH and CLO group. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first proteomic and metabolomic profiling of lymph after TIH and antithrombotic therapy, and predicts the possible lymph biomarkers for TIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangkang Zheng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - YongJun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du J, Zhou W, Sun Z, Zhang W, Luo W, Liu S. Peroxiredoxin 1 promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells via AKT1 / NF-κB signaling pathway. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:403-411. [PMID: 38663496 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease worldwide. The decrease in bone mass is primarily accompanied by a decrease in the number and activity of osteoblasts. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are proteins that detect extremely low peroxide levels and act as sensors that regulate oxidation signals, thereby regulating various cellular functions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PRDX1 and estrogen on the biological behavior of osteoblasts, including their proliferation and differentiation. METHODS Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were used to establish a model of osteoporosis and perform morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Prdx1 gene knockout and overexpression were performed in mouse MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts to assess proliferation and osteogenic differentiation using the cell counting kit-8, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting (WB), Alizarin Red S staining, etc. RESULTS: The OVX mice exhibited osteoporosis and PRDX1 expression increased. In vitro experiments showed that during the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, PRDX1 expression decreased, while the expression of COL1 and RUNX2 increased. After Prdx1 knockout, the proliferation of osteoblasts decreased; expression of Runx2, ALP, and COL1 increased; and mineralization increased. However, after Prdx1 overexpression, osteoblast proliferation was enhanced, whereas osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were inhibited. Estrogen inhibits the H2O2-induced decrease in osteoblastic differentiation and increase in PRDX1 expression. WB revealed that when LY294002 inhibited the AKT signaling pathway, the levels of p-AKT1, p-P65, and PRDX1 protein in MC3T3-E1 cells decreased. However, when pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, the expression of p-AKT1 and PRDX1 did not change except for a significant reduction of p-P65 expression. Furthermore, PDTC reversed the decreased expression of RUNX2, ALP, and COL1 caused by PRDX1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS PRDX1 promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts and inhibits osteogenic differentiation. Estrogen regulated osteoblastic differentiation by affecting the expression of PRDX1 in osteoblasts, and the effect is related to the AKT1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical, University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250024, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen J, Cheng J, Wang L, Li C, Zou Y, Wu J, Liu J. Dynamic molecular choreography induced by acute heat exposure in human males: a longitudinal multi-omics profiling study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1384544. [PMID: 38813424 PMCID: PMC11135052 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extreme heat events caused by occupational exposure and heat waves are becoming more common. However, the molecular changes underlying the response to heat exposure in humans remain to be elucidated. Methods This study used longitudinal multi-omics profiling to assess the impact of acute heat exposure (50°C for 30 min) in 24 subjects from a mine rescue team. Intravenous blood samples were collected before acute heat exposure (baseline) and at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 24 h after acute heat exposure (recovery). In-depth multi-omics profiling was performed on each sample, including plasma proteomics (untargeted) and metabolomics (untargeted). Results After data curation and annotation, the final dataset contained 2,473 analytes, including 478 proteins and 1995 metabolites. Time-series analysis unveiled an orchestrated molecular choreography of changes involving the immune response, coagulation, acid-base balance, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton, and energy metabolism. Further analysis through protein-protein interactions and network analysis revealed potential regulators of acute heat exposure. Moreover, novel blood-based analytes that predicted change in cardiopulmonary function after acute heat exposure were identified. Conclusion This study provided a comprehensive investigation of the dynamic molecular changes that underlie the complex physiological processes that occur in human males who undergo heat exposure. Our findings will help health impact assessment of extreme high temperature and inspire future mechanistic and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Liangshan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Liangshan, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Liangshan, China
- Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Liangshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong J, Tang Y. Research progress on the role of reactive oxygen species in the initiation, development and treatment of breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 188:1-18. [PMID: 38387519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
According to international cancer data, breast cancer (BC) is the leading type of cancer in women. Although significant progress has been made in treating BC, metastasis and drug resistance continue to be the primary causes of mortality for many patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in vivo: normal levels can maintain the body's normal physiological function; however, high levels of ROS below the toxicity threshold can lead to mtDNA damage, activation of proto-oncogenes, and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, which are important causes of BC. Differences in the production and regulation of ROS in different BC subtypes have important implications for the development and treatment of BC. ROS can also serve as an important intracellular signal transduction factor by affecting the antioxidant system, activating MAPK and PI3K/AKT, and other signal pathways to regulate cell cycle and change the relationship between cells and the activity of metalloproteinases, which significantly impacts the metastasis of BC. Hypoxia in the BC microenvironment increases ROS production levels, thereby inducing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and forming "ROS- HIF-1α-ROS" cycle that exacerbates BC development. Many anti-BC therapies generate sufficient toxic ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis, but because the basal level of ROS in BC cells exceeds that of normal cells, this leads to up-regulation of the antioxidant system, drug efflux, and apoptosis inhibition, rendering BC cells resistant to the drug. ROS crosstalks with tumor vessels and stromal cells in the microenvironment, increasing invasiveness and drug resistance in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ujcikova H, Lee YS, Roubalova L, Svoboda P. The impact of multifunctional enkephalin analogs and morphine on the protein changes in crude membrane fractions isolated from the rat brain cortex and hippocampus. Peptides 2024; 174:171165. [PMID: 38307418 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous opioid peptides serve as potent analgesics through the opioid receptor (OR) activation. However, they often suffer from poor metabolic stability, low lipophilicity, and low blood-brain barrier permeability. Researchers have developed many strategies to overcome the drawbacks of current pain medications and unwanted biological effects produced by the interaction with opioid receptors. Here, we tested multifunctional enkephalin analogs LYS739 (MOR/DOR agonist and KOR partial antagonist) and LYS744 (MOR/DOR agonist and KOR full antagonist) under in vivo conditions in comparison with MOR agonist, morphine. We applied 2D electrophoretic resolution to investigate differences in proteome profiles of crude membrane (CM) fractions isolated from the rat brain cortex and hippocampus exposed to the drugs (10 mg/kg, seven days). Our results have shown that treatment with analog LYS739 induced the most protein changes in cortical and hippocampal samples. The identified proteins were mainly associated with energy metabolism, cell shape and movement, apoptosis, protein folding, regulation of redox homeostasis, and signal transduction. Among these, the isoform of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit beta (ATP5F1B) was the only protein upregulation in the hippocampus but not in the brain cortex. Contrarily, the administration of analog LYS744 caused a small number of protein alterations in both brain parts. Our results indicate that the KOR full antagonism, together with MOR/DOR agonism of multifunctional opioid ligands, can be beneficial in treating chronic pain states by reducing changes in protein expression levels but retaining analgesic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ujcikova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 14200, Czech Republic.
| | - Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Lenka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 14200, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 14200, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lapenna D. Glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes: From biochemistry to gerontology and successful aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102066. [PMID: 37683986 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The tripeptide glutathione (GSH), namely γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, is an ubiquitous low-molecular weight thiol nucleophile and reductant of utmost importance, representing the central redox agent of most aerobic organisms. GSH has vital functions involving also antioxidant protection, detoxification, redox homeostasis, cell signaling, iron metabolism/homeostasis, DNA synthesis, gene expression, cysteine/protein metabolism, and cell proliferation/differentiation or death including apoptosis and ferroptosis. Various functions of GSH are exerted in concert with GSH-dependent enzymes. Indeed, although GSH has direct scavenging antioxidant effects, its antioxidant function is substantially accomplished by glutathione peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with reductive removal of H2O2, organic peroxides such as lipid hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite; to this antioxidant activity also contribute peroxiredoxins, enzymes further involved in redox signaling and chaperone activity. Moreover, the detoxifying function of GSH is basically exerted in conjunction with glutathione transferases, which have also antioxidant properties. GSH is synthesized in the cytosol by the ATP-dependent enzymes glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes ligation of cysteine and glutamate forming γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC), and glutathione synthase, which adds glycine to γ-GC resulting in GSH formation; GCL is rate-limiting for GSH synthesis, as is the precursor amino acid cysteine, which may be supplemented as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a therapeutically available compound. After its cell export, GSH is degraded extracellularly by the membrane-anchored ectoenzyme γ-glutamyl transferase, a process occurring, as GSH synthesis and export, in the γ-glutamyl cycle. GSH degradation occurs also intracellularly by the cytoplasmic enzymatic ChaC family of γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase. Synthesis and degradation of GSH, together with its export, translocation to cell organelles, utilization for multiple essential functions, and regeneration from glutathione disulfide by glutathione reductase, are relevant to GSH homeostasis and metabolism. Notably, GSH levels decline during aging, an alteration generally related to impaired GSH biosynthesis and leading to cell dysfunction. However, there is evidence of enhanced GSH levels in elderly subjects with excellent physical and mental health status, suggesting that heightened GSH may be a marker and even a causative factor of increased healthspan and lifespan. Such aspects, and much more including GSH-boosting substances administrable to humans, are considered in this state-of-the-art review, which deals with GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes from biochemistry to gerontology, focusing attention also on lifespan/healthspan extension and successful aging; the significance of GSH levels in aging is considered also in relation to therapeutic possibilities and supplementation strategies, based on the use of various compounds including NAC-glycine, aimed at increasing GSH and related defenses to improve health status and counteract aging processes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lapenna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, and Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, former CeSI-MeT, Center of Excellence on Aging), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, U.O.C. Medicina Generale 2, Ospedale Clinicizzato "Santissima Annunziata", Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oguma Y, Alessio N, Aprile D, Dezawa M, Peluso G, Di Bernardo G, Galderisi U. Meta-analysis of senescent cell secretomes to identify common and specific features of the different senescent phenotypes: a tool for developing new senotherapeutics. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:262. [PMID: 37770897 PMCID: PMC10537976 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage resulting from genotoxic injury can initiate cellular senescence, a state characterized by alterations in cellular metabolism, lysosomal activity, and the secretion of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescence can have beneficial effects on our bodies, such as anti-cancer properties, wound healing, and tissue development, which are attributed to the SASP produced by senescent cells in their intermediate stages. However, senescence can also promote cancer and aging, primarily due to the pro-inflammatory activity of SASP.Studying senescence is complex due to various factors involved. Genotoxic stimuli cause random damage to cellular macromolecules, leading to variations in the senescent phenotype from cell to cell, despite a shared program. Furthermore, senescence is a dynamic process that cannot be analyzed as a static endpoint, adding further complexity.Investigating SASP is particularly intriguing as it reveals how a senescence process triggered in a few cells can spread to many others, resulting in either positive or negative consequences for health. In our study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the protein content of SASP obtained from different research groups, including our own. We categorized the collected omic data based on: i) cell type, ii) harmful agent, and iii) senescence stage (early and late senescence).By employing Gene Ontology and Network analysis on the omic data, we identified common and specific features of different senescent phenotypes. This research has the potential to pave the way for the development of new senotherapeutic drugs aimed at combating the negative consequences associated with the senescence process. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Oguma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Aprile
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy.
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Dip. Medicina Sperimentale, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yadav R, Li QZ, Huang H, Bridges SL, Kahlenberg JM, Stecenko AA, Rada B. Cystic fibrosis autoantibody signatures associate with Staphylococcus aureus lung infection or cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151422. [PMID: 37767091 PMCID: PMC10519797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by persistent inflammation and infections and chronic inflammatory diseases are often accompanied by autoimmunity, autoimmune reactivity in CF has not been studied in depth. Methods In this work we undertook an unbiased approach to explore the systemic autoantibody repertoire in CF using autoantibody microarrays. Results and discussion Our results show higher levels of several new autoantibodies in the blood of people with CF (PwCF) compared to control subjects. Some of these are IgA autoantibodies targeting neutrophil components or autoantigens linked to neutrophil-mediated tissue damage in CF. We also found that people with CF with higher systemic IgM autoantibody levels have lower prevalence of S. aureus infection. On the other hand, IgM autoantibody levels in S. aureus-infected PwCF correlate with lung disease severity. Diabetic PwCF have significantly higher levels of IgA autoantibodies in their circulation compared to nondiabetic PwCF and several of their IgM autoantibodies associate with worse lung disease. In contrast, in nondiabetic PwCF blood levels of IgA autoantibodies correlate with lung disease. We have also identified other autoantibodies in CF that associate with P. aeruginosa airway infection. In summary, we have identified several new autoantibodies and associations of autoantibody signatures with specific clinical features in CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - S. Louis Bridges
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Arlene A. Stecenko
- Division of Pulmonology, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duarte-Jurado AP, Loera-Arias MDJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A. Peroxiredoxin 5 overexpression decreases oxidative stress and dopaminergic cell death mediated by paraquat. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203860. [PMID: 37270067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) are thiol-dependent enzymes that scavenge peroxides. Previously, we found that Prdxs were hyperoxidized in a Parkinson's disease model induced by paraquat (PQ), which led to their inactivation, perpetuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Herein, we evaluated the redox state of the typical 2-Cys-Prx subgroup. We found that PQ induces ROS compartmentalization in different organelles, reflected by the 2-Cys-Prdx hyperoxidation pattern detected by redox eastern blotting. 2-Cys Prdxs are most vulnerable to hyperoxidation, while atypical 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is resistant and is expressed in multiple organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and cytoplasm. Therefore, we overexpressed human Prdx5 in the dopaminergic SHSY-5Y cell line using the adenoviral vector Ad-hPrdx5. Prdx5 overexpression was confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) and effectively decreased PQ-mediated mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS assessed with a mitochondrial superoxide indicator and DHE through IF or flow cytometry. Decreased ROS mediated by Prdx5 in the main subcellular compartments led to overall cell protection against PQ-induced cell death, which was demonstrated by flow cytometry using Annexin V labeling and 7-AAD. Therefore, Prdx5 is an attractive therapeutic target for PD, as its overexpression protects dopaminergic cells from ROS and death, which warrants further experimental animal studies for its subsequent application in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Duarte-Jurado
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Maria de Jesus Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nizami ZN, Aburawi HE, Semlali A, Muhammad K, Iratni R. Oxidative Stress Inducers in Cancer Therapy: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1159. [PMID: 37371889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic byproducts that regulate various cellular processes. However, at high levels, ROS induce oxidative stress, which in turn can trigger cell death. Cancer cells alter the redox homeostasis to facilitate protumorigenic processes; however, this leaves them vulnerable to further increases in ROS levels. This paradox has been exploited as a cancer therapeutic strategy with the use of pro-oxidative drugs. Many chemotherapeutic drugs presently in clinical use, such as cisplatin and doxorubicin, induce ROS as one of their mechanisms of action. Further, various drugs, including phytochemicals and small molecules, that are presently being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies attribute their anticancer activity to ROS induction. Consistently, this review aims to highlight selected pro-oxidative drugs whose anticancer potential has been characterized with specific focus on phytochemicals, mechanisms of ROS induction, and anticancer effects downstream of ROS induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Nausheen Nizami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan E Aburawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Wang P, Hu W, Chen D. New insights into the roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114896. [PMID: 37210897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumorigenesis and progression are accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and adaptive elevation of antioxidant expression levels. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are among the most important antioxidants and are widely distributed in a variety of cancers. PRDXs are involved in the regulation of a variety of tumor cell phenotypes, such as invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. PRDXs are also associated with tumor cell resistance to cell death, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis. In addition, PRDXs are involved in the transduction of hypoxic signals in the TME and in the regulation of the function of other cellular components of the TME, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. This implies that PRDXs are promising targets for cancer treatment. Of course, further studies are needed to realize the clinical application of targeting PRDXs. In this review, we highlight the role of PRDXs in cancer, summarizing the basic features of PRDXs, their association with tumorigenesis, their expression and function in cancer, and their relationship with cancer therapeutic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- First Department of Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Da Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu GL, Ye XL, Vashisth MK, Zhao WZ. Correlation between PRDX2 and spermatogenesis under oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 656:139-145. [PMID: 36963350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the world's diseases that endanger human health, causing systemic inflammation caused by excessive reactive oxygen damage. An increase in the proportion of obese people with reduced sperm motility has been reported. But the mechanism behind it remains unclear. Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) is a member of the peroxidase family that effectively removes hydrogen peroxide. This study is to clarify the expression of PRDX2 in the testes of obese mice and lay a foundation for further exploration of the regulatory and protective effects of PRDX2 on spermatogenesis. METHOD A model of high-fat-induced obesity in animals was constructed, and the expression of PRDX2 in the testes of the two groups was detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, immunofluorescence and other techniques. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cholesterol were co-cultured in testicular support cells for 48 h to observe the expression of PRDX2. RESULT PRDX2 expression was reduced in the testes of the obese group, and immunohistochemistry showed that it was mainly localized to supporting cells. H2O2 inhibits the expression of PRDX2 in Sertoli cells, and high cholesterol upregulates the expression of PRDX2 in Sertoli cells. CONCLUSION PRDX2 has some antioxidant properties against changes in the testicular environment caused by HFD. And under short-term oxidative stress to enhance its antioxidant capacity. PRDX2 may be involved in maintaining the oxidative balance of the spermatogenesis environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Lin Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lin Ye
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Manoj Kumar Vashisth
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peroxiredoxins and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Duodenal Tissue: Emerging Factors in the Pathophysiology of Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1779-1793. [PMID: 36826059 PMCID: PMC9954839 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are powerful antioxidant enzymes having an important role in significant cellular pathways including cell survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. This study aimed at investigating the expression levels of all PRDX isoforms (1-6) and their possible relationships with a transcription factor, HIF-1α, in the small intestinal tissue samples of pediatric CD patients. The study groups consisted of first-diagnosed CD patients (n = 7) and non-CD patients with functional gastrointestinal tract disorders as the controls (n = 7). The PRDXs and HIF-1α expression levels were determined by using real-time PCR and Western blotting in duodenal biopsy samples. It was observed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of PRDX 5 were significantly higher in the CD patients, whereas the PRDX 1, -2, and -4 expressions were decreased in each case compared to the control group. No significant differences were detected in the PRDX 3 and PRDX 6 expressions. The expression of HIF-1α was also significantly elevated in CD patients. These findings indicate, for the first time, that PRDXs, particularly PRDX 5, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CD. Furthermore, our results suggest that HIF-1α may upregulate PRDX-5 transcription in the duodenal tissue of CD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang M, Liu K. Lipid and Protein Oxidation of Brown Rice and Selenium-Rich Brown Rice during Storage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233878. [PMID: 36496686 PMCID: PMC9737139 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-rich rice has become one of the effective ways to increase people's selenium intake. Selenium-containing proteins have higher antioxidant properties, which may lead to selenium-rich brown rice (Se-BR) having better storage stability than ordinary brown rice (BR). By measuring the peroxidation value, fatty acid value, carbonyl value and protein secondary structure, it was found that Se-BR had higher oxidation resistance stability than BR. The biological function of the differential proteins (DEPs) between ordinary brown rice stored for 0 days (BR-0) and 180 days (BR-6) as well as Se-rich brown rice stored for 0 days (Se-0) and 180 days (Se-6) was investigated by using iTRAQ. A total of 237, 235, 113 and 213 DEPs were identified from group A (BR-0/BR-6), group B (Se-0/Se-6), group C (BR-0/Se-0) and group D (BR-6/Se-6), respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEPs were mainly enriched in glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation, glutathione metabolism, sulfur metabolism, peroxisome and other metabolic pathways. This study provides theoretical support for the study of protein oxidation kinetics and storage quality control of brown rice during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Food and Reserves Storage, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-371-67758850
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim EK, Kim Y, Yang JY, Jang HH. Prx1 Regulates Thapsigargin-Mediated UPR Activation and Apoptosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2033. [PMID: 36360274 PMCID: PMC9689921 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling via the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins. ER stress leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are necessary to maintain redox homeostasis in the ER. Although peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is an antioxidant enzyme that regulates intracellular ROS levels, the link between Prx1 and ER stress remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Prx1 in X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) activation, the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway, and apoptosis in response to ER stress. We observed that Prx1 overexpression inhibited the nuclear localization of XBP-1 and the expression of XBP-1 target genes and CHOP after thapsigargin (Tg) treatment to induce ER stress. In addition, Prx1 inhibited apoptosis and ROS production during ER stress. The ROS scavenger inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis but did not affect XBP-1 activation and CHOP expression. Therefore, the biological role of Prx1 in ER stress may have important implications for ER stress-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Identification and Development of an Age-Related Classification and Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immune Landscape in Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5040458. [PMID: 36276293 PMCID: PMC9581613 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. In childhood and adolescence, the prevailing bone tumor is osteosarcoma associated with frequent recurrence and lung metastasis. This research focused on predicting the survival and immune landscape of osteosarcoma by developing a prognostic signature and establishing aging-related genes (ARGs) subtypes. Methods. The training group comprised of the transcriptomic and associated clinical data of 84 patients with osteosarcoma accessed at the TARGET database and the validation group consisted of 53 patients from GSE21257. The aging-related subtypes were identified using unsupervised consensus clustering analysis. The ARG signature was developed utilizing multivariate Cox analysis and LASSO regression. The prognostic value was assessed using the univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, Kaplan-Meier plotter, time-dependent ROC curve, and nomogram. The functional enrichment analyses were performed by GSEA, GO, and KEGG analysis, while the ssGSEA, ESTIMATE, and CIBERSORT analyses were conducted to reveal the immune landscape in osteosarcoma. Results. The two clusters of osteosarcoma patients formed based on 543 ARGs, depicted a considerable difference in the tumor microenvironment, and the overall survival and immune cell infiltration rate varied as well. Among these, the selected 23 ARGs were utilized for the construction of an efficient predictive prognostic signature for the overall survival prediction. The testing in the validation group of osteosarcoma patients confirmed the status of the high-risk score as an independent indicator for poor prognosis, which was already identified as such using the univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Furthermore, the ARG signature could distinguish different immune-related functions, infiltration status of immune cells, and tumor microenvironment, as well as predict the immunotherapy response of osteosarcoma patients. Conclusion. The aging-related subtypes were identified and a prognostic signature was developed in this research, which determined different prognoses and allowed for treatment of osteosarcoma patients to be tailored. Additionally, the immunotherapeutic response of individuals with osteosarcoma could also be predicted by the ARG signature.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hasan AA, Kalinina E, Tatarskiy V, Shtil A. The Thioredoxin System of Mammalian Cells and Its Modulators. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071757. [PMID: 35885063 PMCID: PMC9313168 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress involves the increased production and accumulation of free radicals, peroxides, and other metabolites that are collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced as by-products of aerobic respiration. ROS play a significant role in cell homeostasis through redox signaling and are capable of eliciting damage to macromolecules. Multiple antioxidant defense systems have evolved to prevent dangerous ROS accumulation in the body, with the glutathione and thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) systems being the most important. The Trx/TrxR system has been used as a target to treat cancer through the thiol–disulfide exchange reaction mechanism that results in the reduction of a wide range of target proteins and the generation of oxidized Trx. The TrxR maintains reduced Trx levels using NADPH as a co-substrate; therefore, the system efficiently maintains cell homeostasis. Being a master regulator of oxidation–reduction processes, the Trx-dependent system is associated with cell proliferation and survival. Herein, we review the structure and catalytic properties of the Trx/TrxR system, its role in cellular signaling in connection with other redox systems, and the factors that modulate the Trx system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Ali Hasan
- T.T. Berezov Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Kalinina
- T.T. Berezov Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-434-62-05
| | - Victor Tatarskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Shtil
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Death, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|