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Zhou MS, Zheng SY, Chen C, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhao YJ, Zhang W. Gene expression analysis to identify mechanisms underlying improvement of myocardial fibrosis by finerenone in SHR. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115975. [PMID: 38086490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Both spironolactone and finerenone treatments significantly reduced SBP and there was no statistical difference in their antihypertensive effects. The differences in body weight (at the end of 1/2/3/4 week) to pre-dose body weight ratio and heart rate (at the end of 1/2/3/4 week) to pre-dose heart rate ratio were not statistically significant in the vehicle, spironolactone, finerenone, and control groups.There was no statistically significant difference in mortality among the vehicle, spironolactone, and finerenone groups. The relative heart mass, ANP, BNP, CVF, Col I, TGF-β, and Casp-3 were gradually decreased in vehicle group, spironolactone group, and finerenone group. Among them, BNP, CVF, TGF-β, and Casp-3 were significantly decreased in the finerenone group compared with the vehicle group. HE and Masson staining showed that the cardiomyocytes of rats in the vehicle group and spironolactone group were disorganized, with cell hypertrophy, significantly enlarged cell gaps and a large amount of collagen deposition, whereas the cardiomyocytes of rats in the finerenone group and the control group were more neatly arranged, with smaller cell gaps and a small amount of collagen tissue deposition. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) showed that there was a total of 119 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between finerenone treatment and vehicle treatment. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the signaling pathways involved were mainly in drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, chemical carcinogenesis, IL-17 signaling pathway, axon guidance, and hematopoietic cell lineage. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed that the core genes were Oaslf, Nos2, LOC687780, Rhobtb1, Ephb3, and Rps27a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shuang Zhou
- Fuwai Yunnan Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.528, Shahe North Road, Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Shao-Ying Zheng
- Fuwai Yunnan Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.528, Shahe North Road, Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Fuwai Yunnan Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.528, Shahe North Road, Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Fuwai Yunnan Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.528, Shahe North Road, Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Fuwai Yunnan Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.528, Shahe North Road, Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhao
- Fuwai Yunnan Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.528, Shahe North Road, Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Fuwai Yunnan Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.528, Shahe North Road, Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
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Huang H, Wang S, Guan Y, Ren J, Liu X. Molecular basis and current insights of atypical Rho small GTPase in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:141. [PMID: 38236467 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Atypical Rho GTPases are a subtype of the Rho GTPase family that are involved in diverse cellular processes. The typical Rho GTPases, led by RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, have been well studied, while relative studies on atypical Rho GTPases are relatively still limited and have great exploration potential. With the increase in studies, current evidence suggests that atypical Rho GTPases regulate multiple biological processes and play important roles in the occurrence and development of human cancers. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the molecular basis of atypical Rho GTPases and their roles in cancer. We summarize the sequence characteristics, subcellular localization and biological functions of each atypical Rho GTPase. Moreover, we review the recent advances and potential mechanisms of atypical Rho GTPases in the development of multiple cancers. A comprehensive understanding and extensive exploration of the biological functions of atypical Rho GTPases and their molecular mechanisms in tumors will provide important insights into the pathophysiology of tumors and the development of cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Sigmund CD. The 2023 Walter B. Cannon Award Lecture: Mechanisms Regulating Vascular Function and Blood Pressure by the PPARγ-RhoBTB1-CUL3 Pathway. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqad071. [PMID: 38196837 PMCID: PMC10775765 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genetic and clinical trial data suggest that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor transcription factor plays an important role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. The examination of a series of novel animal models, coupled with transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, has revealed that PPARγ and its target genes employ diverse pathways to regulate vascular function and blood pressure. In endothelium, PPARγ target genes promote an antioxidant state, stimulating both nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and bioavailability, essential components of endothelial-smooth muscle communication. In vascular smooth muscle, PPARγ induces the expression of a number of genes that promote an antiinflammatory state and tightly control the level of cGMP, thus promoting responsiveness to endothelial-derived NO. One of the PPARγ targets in smooth muscle, Rho related BTB domain containing 1 (RhoBTB1) acts as a substrate adaptor for proteins to be ubiquitinated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin-3 and targeted for proteasomal degradation. One of these proteins, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a target of the Cullin-3/RhoBTB1 pathway. Phosphodiesterase 5 degrades cGMP to GMP and thus regulates the smooth muscle response to NO. Moreover, expression of RhoBTB1 under condition of RhoBTB1 deficiency reverses established arterial stiffness. In conclusion, the coordinated action of PPARγ in endothelium and smooth muscle is needed to maintain NO bioavailability and activity, is an essential regulator of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor balance, and regulates blood vessel structure and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Langhammer F, Maroofian R, Badar R, Gregor A, Rochman M, Ratliff JB, Koopmans M, Herget T, Hempel M, Kortüm F, Heron D, Mignot C, Keren B, Brooks S, Botti C, Ben-Zeev B, Argilli E, Sherr EH, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Bakhtiari S, Kruer MC, Salih MA, Kuechler A, Muller EA, Blocker K, Kuismin O, Park KL, Kochhar A, Brown K, Ramanathan S, Clark RD, Elgizouli M, Melikishvili G, Tabatadze N, Stark Z, Mirzaa GM, Ong J, Grasshoff U, Bevot A, von Wintzingerode L, Jamra RA, Hennig Y, Goldenberg P, Al Alam C, Charif M, Boulouiz R, Bellaoui M, Amrani R, Al Mutairi F, Tamim AM, Abdulwahab F, Alkuraya FS, Khouj EM, Alvi JR, Sultan T, Hashemi N, Karimiani EG, Ashrafzadeh F, Imannezhad S, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Sticht H, Zweier C. Genotype-phenotype correlations in RHOBTB2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Genet Med 2023; 25:100885. [PMID: 37165955 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Missense variants clustering in the BTB domain region of RHOBTB2 cause a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with early-onset seizures and severe intellectual disability. METHODS By international collaboration, we assembled individuals with pathogenic RHOBTB2 variants and a variable spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. By western blotting, we investigated the consequences of missense variants in vitro. RESULTS In accordance with previous observations, de novo heterozygous missense variants in the BTB domain region led to a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in 16 individuals. Now, we also identified de novo missense variants in the GTPase domain in 6 individuals with apparently more variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes with or without epilepsy. In contrast to variants in the BTB domain region, variants in the GTPase domain do not impair proteasomal degradation of RHOBTB2 in vitro, indicating different functional consequences. Furthermore, we observed biallelic splice-site and truncating variants in 9 families with variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes, indicating that complete loss of RHOBTB2 is pathogenic as well. CONCLUSION By identifying genotype-phenotype correlations regarding location and consequences of de novo missense variants in RHOBTB2 and by identifying biallelic truncating variants, we further delineate and expand the molecular and clinical spectrum of RHOBTB2-related phenotypes, including both autosomal dominant and recessive neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Langhammer
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rueda Badar
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Gregor
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Rochman
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey B Ratliff
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marije Koopmans
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theresia Herget
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Delphine Heron
- Department of Genetics, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Susan Brooks
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Christina Botti
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- The Neurology Department at Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Emanuela Argilli
- Brain Development Research Program, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elliot H Sherr
- Brain Development Research Program, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Varunvenkat M Srinivasan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Almughtaribeen University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eric A Muller
- Clinical Genetics, Stanford Children's Health, San Francisco, CA
| | - Karli Blocker
- Clinical Genetics, Stanford Children's Health, San Francisco, CA
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kristen L Park
- Anschutz Medical Campus Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Aaina Kochhar
- Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Kathleen Brown
- Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Robin D Clark
- Division of Genetics, Loma Linda University Health, San Bernardino, CA
| | - Magdeldin Elgizouli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gia Melikishvili
- Department of pediatrics, MediClubGeorgia Medical Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nazhi Tabatadze
- Department of pediatrics, MediClubGeorgia Medical Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jinfon Ong
- Child Neurology Consultants of Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Bevot
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Rami A Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hennig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paula Goldenberg
- Division of Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chadi Al Alam
- Pediatric Neurology Department, American Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Neurology department, Haykel Hospital, El Koura, Lebanon
| | - Majida Charif
- Genetics Unit, Medical Sciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco; BRO Biobank, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco; Genetics and Immuno-Cell Therapy Team, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Redouane Boulouiz
- Genetics Unit, Medical Sciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco; BRO Biobank, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bellaoui
- Genetics Unit, Medical Sciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco; BRO Biobank, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rim Amrani
- Department of Neonatology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fuad Al Mutairi
- Genetic and Precision Medicine Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Tamim
- Pediatric Neurology Section-Pediatric Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center (Gen. Org) - Jeddah Branch, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtissal M Khouj
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javeria R Alvi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan G Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Imannezhad
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Kumar G, Fang S, Golosova D, Lu KT, Brozoski DT, Vazirabad I, Sigmund CD. Structure and Function of RhoBTB1 Required for Substrate Specificity and Cullin-3 Ubiquitination. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad034. [PMID: 37575477 PMCID: PMC10413933 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified Rho-related BTB domain containing 1 (RhoBTB1) as a key regulator of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) activity, and through PDE5, a regulator of vascular tone. We identified the binding interface for PDE5 on RhoBTB1 by truncating full-length RhoBTB1 into its component domains. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that the C-terminal half of RhoBTB1 containing its two BTB domains and the C-terminal domain (B1B2C) is the minimal region required for PDE5 recruitment and subsequent proteasomal degradation via Cullin-3 (CUL3). The C-terminal domain was essential in recruiting PDE5 as constructs lacking this region could not participate in PDE5 binding or proteasomal degradation. We also identified Pro353 and Ser363 as key amino acid residues in the B1B2C region involved in CUL3 binding to RhoBTB1. Mutation of either of these residues exhibited impaired CUL3 binding and PDE5 degradation, although the binding to PDE5 was preserved. Finally, we employed ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APEX2) proximity labeling using a B1B2C-APEX2 fusion protein as bait to capture unknown RhoBTB1 binding partners. Among several B1B2C-binding proteins identified and validated, we focused on SET domain containing 2 (SETD2). SETD2 and RhoBTB1 directly interacted, and the level of SETD2 increased in response to pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome or Cullin complex, CUL3 deletion, and RhoBTB1-inhibition with siRNA. This suggests that SETD2 is regulated by the RhoBTB1-CUL3 axis. Future studies will determine whether SETD2 plays a role in cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shi Fang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daria Golosova
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daniel T Brozoski
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ibrahim Vazirabad
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Zhang Y, Ma S, Zhang J, Lou L, Liu W, Gao C, Miao L, Sun F, Chen W, Cao X, Wei J. MicroRNA-142-3p promotes renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting RhoBTB3 to regulate HIF-1 signaling and GGT/GSH pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5935. [PMID: 37045834 PMCID: PMC10097650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a critical regulatory role in different cancers, but their functions in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been elucidated. Reportedly, miR-142-3p is involved in the tumorigenesis and the development of RCC in vitro and is clinically correlated with the poor prognosis of RCC patients. However, the molecular target of miR-142-3p and the underlying mechanism are unclear. In this study, we found that miR-142-3p was upregulated in RCC tumor tissues and downregulated in exosomes compared to normal tissues. The expression of miR-142-3p was inversely associated with the survival of patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). RhoBTB3 was reduced in RCC, and miR-142-3p plays an inverse function with RhoBTB3 in KIRC. The direct interaction between RhoBTB3 and miR-142-3p was demonstrated by a dual luciferase reporter assay. miR-142-3p promoted metastasis in the xenograft model, and the suppression of miR-142-3p upregulated RhoBTB3 protein expression and inhibited the mRNAs and proteins of HIF1A, VEGFA, and GGT1. Also, the miR-142-3p overexpression upregulated the mRNA of HIF1A, VEGFA, and GGT1. In conclusion, miR-142-3p functions as an oncogene in RCC, especially in KIRC, by targeting RhoBTB3 to regulate HIF-1 signaling and GGT/GSH pathways, which needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhang
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sha Ma
- Department of Hematopathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Lu Lou
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanqi Liu
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Long Miao
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fanghao Sun
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiliang Cao
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
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7
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Banerjee A, Ray A, Barpanda A, Dash A, Gupta I, Nissa MU, Zhu H, Shah A, Duttagupta SP, Goel A, Srivastava S. Evaluation of autoantibody signatures in pituitary adenoma patients using human proteome arrays. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100111. [PMID: 35939377 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the specific diagnostic biomarkers related to pituitary adenomas (PAs), we performed serological antibody profiles for three types of PAs, namely Acromegaly, Cushing's and Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas (NFPAs), using the human proteome (HuProt) microarray. This is the first study describing the serum autoantibody profile of PAs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed serological autoantibody profiling of four healthy controls, four Acromegaly, three Cushing's and three NFPAs patient samples to obtain their autoantibody profiles, which were used for studying expression, interaction and altered biological pathways. Further, significant autoantibodies of PAs were compared with data available for glioma, meningioma and AAgAtlas for their specificity. RESULTS Autoantibody profile of PAs led to the identification of differentially expressed significant proteins such as AKNAD1 (AT-Hook Transcription Factor [AKNA] Domain Containing 1), NINJ1 (Nerve injury-induced protein 1), L3HYPDH (Trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline dehydratase), RHOG (Rho-related GTP-binding protein) and PTP4A1 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Type IVA 1) in Acromegaly. Protein ABR (Active breakpoint cluster region-related protein), ST6GALNAC6 (ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2, 6-sialyltransferase 6), NOL3 (Nucleolar protein 3), ANXA8 (Annexin A8) and POLR2H (RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit H) showed an antigenic response in Cushing's patient's serum samples. Protein dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) and reticulon-4 (RTN4) exhibited a very high antigenic response in NFPA patients. These proteins hold promise as potential autoantibody biomarkers in PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Arka Ray
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhilash Barpanda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankita Dash
- Miranda House, University of Delhi, University Enclave, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ishika Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mehar Un Nissa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences/High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhidha Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery at King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G. S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhartha P Duttagupta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Department of Neurosurgery at King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G. S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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8
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Kim K, Kim YJ. RhoBTB3 Regulates Proliferation and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells via Col1a1. Mol Cells 2022; 45:631-639. [PMID: 35698915 PMCID: PMC9448648 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, despite medical and technological advancements. The RhoBTB family consists of three isoforms: RhoBTB1, RhoBTB2, and RhoBTB3. RhoBTB1 and RhoBTB2 have been proposed as tumor suppressors in breast cancer. However, the roles of RhoBTB3 proteins are unknown in breast cancer. Bioinformatics analysis, including Oncomine, cBioportal, was used to evaluate the potential functions and prognostic values of RhoBTB3 and Col1a1 in breast cancer. qRT-PCR analysis and immunoblotting assay were performed to investigate relevant expression. Functional experiments including proliferation assay, invasion assay, and flow cytometry assay were conducted to determine the role of RhoBTB3 and Col1a1 in breast cancer cells. RhoBTB3 mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in breast cancer tissues as compared to in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, RhoBTB3 expression was found to be associated with Col1a1 expression. Decreasing RhoBTB3 expression may lead to decreases in the proliferative and invasive properties of breast cancer cells. Further, Col1a1 knockdown in breast cancer cells limited the proliferative and invasive ability of cancer cells. Knockdown of RhoBTB3 may exert inhibit the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of breast cancer cells by repressing the expression of Col1a1, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Kim
- Targeted Therapy Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Youn-Jae Kim
- Targeted Therapy Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
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9
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Greco TM, Secker C, Ramos ES, Federspiel JD, Liu JP, Perez AM, Al-Ramahi I, Cantle JP, Carroll JB, Botas J, Zeitlin SO, Wanker EE, Cristea IM. Dynamics of huntingtin protein interactions in the striatum identifies candidate modifiers of Huntington disease. Cell Syst 2022; 13:304-320.e5. [PMID: 35148841 PMCID: PMC9317655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder with one causative gene, huntingtin (HTT). Yet, HD pathobiology is multifactorial, suggesting that cellular factors influence disease progression. Here, we define HTT protein-protein interactions (PPIs) perturbed by the mutant protein with expanded polyglutamine in the mouse striatum, a brain region with selective HD vulnerability. Using metabolically labeled tissues and immunoaffinity purification-mass spectrometry, we establish that polyglutamine-dependent modulation of HTT PPI abundances and relative stability starts at an early stage of pathogenesis in a Q140 HD mouse model. We identify direct and indirect PPIs that are also genetic disease modifiers using in-cell two-hybrid and behavioral assays in HD human cell and Drosophila models, respectively. Validated, disease-relevant mHTT-dependent interactions encompass mediators of synaptic neurotransmission (SNAREs and glutamate receptors) and lysosomal acidification (V-ATPase). Our study provides a resource for understanding mHTT-dependent dysfunction in cortico-striatal cellular networks, partly through impaired synaptic communication and endosomal-lysosomal system. A record of this paper's Transparent Peer Review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Secker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduardo Silva Ramos
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joel D Federspiel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jeh-Ping Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alma M Perez
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Cantle
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Juan Botas
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott O Zeitlin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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10
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Sharawat I, Panda P, Pandey B, Pradhan A, Banu R. RHOBTB2 gene-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. J Pediatr Neurosci 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_66_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Sperm epigenetic alterations contribute to inter- and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to long-term psychological stress via evading offspring embryonic reprogramming. Cell Discov 2021; 7:101. [PMID: 34711814 PMCID: PMC8553786 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal life experiences impact offspring health via germline, and epigenetic inheritance provides a potential mechanism. However, global reprogramming during offspring embryogenesis and gametogenesis represents the largest hurdle to conceptualize it. Yet, detailed characterization of how sperm epigenetic alterations carrying "environmental memory" can evade offspring embryonic reprogramming remains elusive. Here, mice exposed to long-term restraint stress were employed to study the mechanisms underlying inter- and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to a long-term psychological stress. We found that stress could induce paternal inheritance of reproductive, behavioral, and metabolic disorders. Bisulfite methylation profiling of 18 sperm and 12 embryo samples of three consecutive generations identified inter- and transgenerational inheritance of paternal Differential DNA Methylation Regions (DMRs) at frequencies ~11.36% and 0.48%, respectively. These DMRs related to genes with functional implications for psychological stress response, and tissue inheritance of these DMRs passed paternal disorders epigenetically to offspring. More importantly, these DMRs evaded offspring embryonic reprogramming through erasure and subsequent reestablishment, but not via un-erasure way. Nonetheless, their reestablishment proportions in the primitive streak (E7.5) stage were altered. Furthermore, sncRNA-seq revealed that stress-induced tsRNA, miRNA and rsRNA dysregulation in paternal sperm might play important roles in DMRs occurrence and paternal inheritance. These finding implied that sperm epigenetic alterations contribute to inter- and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to long-term psychological stress, and highlighted the possible underlying molecular mechanism.
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12
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Ebstein F, Küry S, Papendorf JJ, Krüger E. Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) Caused by Genomic Alterations of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS): the Possible Contribution of Immune Dysregulation to Disease Pathogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:733012. [PMID: 34566579 PMCID: PMC8455891 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.733012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thirty years have passed since the first description of ubiquitin-positive structures in the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Meanwhile, the intracellular accumulation of ubiquitin-modified insoluble protein aggregates has become an indisputable hallmark of neurodegeneration. However, the role of ubiquitin and a fortiori the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) is much less described. In this article, we review all reported monogenic forms of NDD caused by lesions in genes coding for any component of the UPS including ubiquitin-activating (E1), -conjugating (E2) enzymes, ubiquitin ligases (E3), ubiquitin hydrolases, and ubiquitin-like modifiers as well as proteasome subunits. Strikingly, our analysis revealed that a vast majority of these proteins have a described function in the negative regulation of the innate immune response. In this work, we hypothesize a possible involvement of autoinflammation in NDD pathogenesis. Herein, we discuss the parallels between immune dysregulation and neurodevelopment with the aim at improving our understanding the biology of NDD and providing knowledge required for the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ebstein
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sébastien Küry
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France.,l'Institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jonas Johannes Papendorf
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Crosas-Molist E, Samain R, Kohlhammer L, Orgaz J, George S, Maiques O, Barcelo J, Sanz-Moreno V. RhoGTPase Signalling in Cancer Progression and Dissemination. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:455-510. [PMID: 34541899 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are a family of small G proteins that regulate a wide array of cellular processes related to their key roles controlling the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, cancer is a multi-step disease caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, from the initial stages of cancer development when cells in normal tissues undergo transformation, to the acquisition of invasive and metastatic traits, responsible for a large number of cancer related deaths. In this review, we discuss the role of Rho GTPase signalling in cancer in every step of disease progression. Rho GTPases contribute to tumour initiation and progression, by regulating proliferation and apoptosis, but also metabolism, senescence and cell stemness. Rho GTPases play a major role in cell migration, and in the metastatic process. They are also involved in interactions with the tumour microenvironment and regulate inflammation, contributing to cancer progression. After years of intensive research, we highlight the importance of relevant models in the Rho GTPase field, and we reflect on the therapeutic opportunities arising for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Crosas-Molist
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Remi Samain
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Kohlhammer
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Orgaz
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samantha George
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaume Barcelo
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Herman EK, Greninger A, van der Giezen M, Ginger ML, Ramirez-Macias I, Miller HC, Morgan MJ, Tsaousis AD, Velle K, Vargová R, Záhonová K, Najle SR, MacIntyre G, Muller N, Wittwer M, Zysset-Burri DC, Eliáš M, Slamovits CH, Weirauch MT, Fritz-Laylin L, Marciano-Cabral F, Puzon GJ, Walsh T, Chiu C, Dacks JB. Genomics and transcriptomics yields a system-level view of the biology of the pathogen Naegleria fowleri. BMC Biol 2021; 19:142. [PMID: 34294116 PMCID: PMC8296547 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opportunistic pathogen Naegleria fowleri establishes infection in the human brain, killing almost invariably within 2 weeks. The amoeba performs piece-meal ingestion, or trogocytosis, of brain material causing direct tissue damage and massive inflammation. The cellular basis distinguishing N. fowleri from other Naegleria species, which are all non-pathogenic, is not known. Yet, with the geographic range of N. fowleri advancing, potentially due to climate change, understanding how this pathogen invades and kills is both important and timely. RESULTS Here, we report an -omics approach to understanding N. fowleri biology and infection at the system level. We sequenced two new strains of N. fowleri and performed a transcriptomic analysis of low- versus high-pathogenicity N. fowleri cultured in a mouse infection model. Comparative analysis provides an in-depth assessment of encoded protein complement between strains, finding high conservation. Molecular evolutionary analyses of multiple diverse cellular systems demonstrate that the N. fowleri genome encodes a similarly complete cellular repertoire to that found in free-living N. gruberi. From transcriptomics, neither stress responses nor traits conferred from lateral gene transfer are suggested as critical for pathogenicity. By contrast, cellular systems such as proteases, lysosomal machinery, and motility, together with metabolic reprogramming and novel N. fowleri proteins, are all implicated in facilitating pathogenicity within the host. Upregulation in mouse-passaged N. fowleri of genes associated with glutamate metabolism and ammonia transport suggests adaptation to available carbon sources in the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS In-depth analysis of Naegleria genomes and transcriptomes provides a model of cellular systems involved in opportunistic pathogenicity, uncovering new angles to understanding the biology of a rare but highly fatal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Herman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Alex Greninger
- Laboratory Medicine and Medicine / Infectious Diseases, UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, UCSF Clinical Microbiology Laboratory UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Montlake, USA
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Centre for Organelle Research, Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Michael L Ginger
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Inmaculada Ramirez-Macias
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria. Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Haylea C Miller
- CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Private Bag No.5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
- CSIRO, Indian Oceans Marine Research Centre, Environomics Future Science Platform, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew J Morgan
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Katrina Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, UK
| | - Romana Vargová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Záhonová
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Rodrigo Najle
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Georgina MacIntyre
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Norbert Muller
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mattias Wittwer
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Austrasse, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Denise C Zysset-Burri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Claudio H Slamovits
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology and Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Francine Marciano-Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Geoffrey J Puzon
- CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Private Bag No.5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
| | - Tom Walsh
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, Australia
| | - Charles Chiu
- Laboratory Medicine and Medicine / Infectious Diseases, UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, UCSF Clinical Microbiology Laboratory UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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15
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Filić V, Mijanović L, Putar D, Talajić A, Ćetković H, Weber I. Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton via Rho GTPase Signalling in Dictyostelium and Mammalian Cells: A Parallel Slalom. Cells 2021; 10:1592. [PMID: 34202767 PMCID: PMC8305917 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Dictyostelium amoebae and mammalian cells are endowed with an elaborate actin cytoskeleton that enables them to perform a multitude of tasks essential for survival. Although these organisms diverged more than a billion years ago, their cells share the capability of chemotactic migration, large-scale endocytosis, binary division effected by actomyosin contraction, and various types of adhesions to other cells and to the extracellular environment. The composition and dynamics of the transient actin-based structures that are engaged in these processes are also astonishingly similar in these evolutionary distant organisms. The question arises whether this remarkable resemblance in the cellular motility hardware is accompanied by a similar correspondence in matching software, the signalling networks that govern the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Small GTPases from the Rho family play pivotal roles in the control of the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Indicatively, Dictyostelium matches mammals in the number of these proteins. We give an overview of the Rho signalling pathways that regulate the actin dynamics in Dictyostelium and compare them with similar signalling networks in mammals. We also provide a phylogeny of Rho GTPases in Amoebozoa, which shows a variability of the Rho inventories across different clades found also in Metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Filić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (D.P.); (A.T.); (H.Ć.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Weber
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (D.P.); (A.T.); (H.Ć.)
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16
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Lauri A, Fasano G, Venditti M, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M. In vivo Functional Genomics for Undiagnosed Patients: The Impact of Small GTPases Signaling Dysregulation at Pan-Embryo Developmental Scale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642235. [PMID: 34124035 PMCID: PMC8194860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While individually rare, disorders affecting development collectively represent a substantial clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic burden to patients, families, and society. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders are required to speed up diagnosis, improve counseling, and optimize management toward targeted therapies. Genome sequencing is now unveiling previously unexplored genetic variations in undiagnosed patients, which require functional validation and mechanistic understanding, particularly when dealing with novel nosologic entities. Functional perturbations of key regulators acting on signals' intersections of evolutionarily conserved pathways in these pathological conditions hinder the fine balance between various developmental inputs governing morphogenesis and homeostasis. However, the distinct mechanisms by which these hubs orchestrate pathways to ensure the developmental coordinates are poorly understood. Integrative functional genomics implementing quantitative in vivo models of embryogenesis with subcellular precision in whole organisms contribute to answering these questions. Here, we review the current knowledge on genes and mechanisms critically involved in developmental syndromes and pediatric cancers, revealed by genomic sequencing and in vivo models such as insects, worms and fish. We focus on the monomeric GTPases of the RAS superfamily and their influence on crucial developmental signals and processes. We next discuss the effectiveness of exponentially growing functional assays employing tractable models to identify regulatory crossroads. Unprecedented sophistications are now possible in zebrafish, i.e., genome editing with single-nucleotide precision, nanoimaging, highly resolved recording of multiple small molecules activity, and simultaneous monitoring of brain circuits and complex behavioral response. These assets permit accurate real-time reporting of dynamic small GTPases-controlled processes in entire organisms, owning the potential to tackle rare disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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17
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Lu Q, Wang PS, Yang L. Golgi-associated Rab GTPases implicated in autophagy. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 33557950 PMCID: PMC7869216 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation process in eukaryotes that facilitates the recycling and reutilization of damaged organelles and compartments. It plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis, pathophysiological processes, and diverse diseases in humans. Autophagy involves dynamic crosstalk between different stages associated with intracellular vesicle trafficking. Golgi apparatus is the central organelle involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking where Golgi-associated Rab GTPases function as important mediators. This review focuses on the recent findings that highlight Golgi-associated Rab GTPases as master regulators of autophagic flux. The scope for future research in elucidating the role and mechanism of Golgi-associated Rab GTPases in autophagy and autophagy-related diseases is discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Po-Shun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Rho GTPases are known to play an essential role in fundamental processes such as defining cell shape, polarity and migration. As such, the majority of Rho GTPases localize and function at, or close to, the plasma membrane. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that a number of Rho family proteins are also associated with the Golgi complex, where they not only regulate events at this organelle but also more widely across the cell. Given the central location of this organelle, and the numerous membrane trafficking pathways that connect it to both the endocytic and secretory systems of cells, it is clear that the Golgi is fundamental for maintaining cellular homoeostasis. In this review, we describe these GTPases in the context of how they regulate Golgi architecture, membrane trafficking into and away from this organelle, and cell polarity and migration. We summarize the key findings that show the growing importance of the pool of Rho GTPases associated with Golgi function, namely Cdc42, RhoA, RhoD, RhoBTB1 and RhoBTB3, and we discuss how they act in concert with other key families of molecules associated with the Golgi, including Rab GTPases and matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaritha M Mysior
- Cell Screening Laboratory, School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- Cell Screening Laboratory, School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin Ireland
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19
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High Throughput strategies Aimed at Closing the GAP in Our Knowledge of Rho GTPase Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061430. [PMID: 32526908 PMCID: PMC7348934 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, Rho GTPases have emerged as key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. In humans, there are 20 Rho GTPases and more than 150 regulators that belong to the RhoGEF, RhoGAP, and RhoGDI families. Throughout development, Rho GTPases choregraph a plethora of cellular processes essential for cellular migration, cell–cell junctions, and cell polarity assembly. Rho GTPases are also significant mediators of cancer cell invasion. Nevertheless, to date only a few molecules from these intricate signaling networks have been studied in depth, which has prevented appreciation for the full scope of Rho GTPases’ biological functions. Given the large complexity involved, system level studies are required to fully grasp the extent of their biological roles and regulation. Recently, several groups have tackled this challenge by using proteomic approaches to map the full repertoire of Rho GTPases and Rho regulators protein interactions. These studies have provided in-depth understanding of Rho regulators specificity and have contributed to expand Rho GTPases’ effector portfolio. Additionally, new roles for understudied family members were unraveled using high throughput screening strategies using cell culture models and mouse embryos. In this review, we highlight theses latest large-scale efforts, and we discuss the emerging opportunities that may lead to the next wave of discoveries.
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20
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Rho GTPases in Gynecologic Cancers: In-Depth Analysis toward the Paradigm Change from Reactive to Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medical Approach Benefiting the Patient and Healthcare. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051292. [PMID: 32443784 PMCID: PMC7281750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphospatases (GTPases) resemble a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and several signaling pathways central for the cell. Rho GTPases create a so-called Ras-superfamily of GTPases subdivided into subgroups comprising at least 20 members. Rho GTPases play a key regulatory role in gene expression, cell cycle control and proliferation, epithelial cell polarity, cell migration, survival, and apoptosis, among others. They also have tissue-related functions including angiogenesis being involved in inflammatory and wound healing processes. Contextually, any abnormality in the Rho GTPase function may result in severe consequences at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Rho GTPases also play a key role in tumorigenesis and metastatic disease. Corresponding mechanisms include a number of targets such as kinases and scaffold/adaptor-like proteins initiating GTPases-related signaling cascades. The accumulated evidence demonstrates the oncogenic relevance of Rho GTPases for several solid malignancies including breast, liver, bladder, melanoma, testicular, lung, central nervous system (CNS), head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the development of radio- and chemoresistance e.g. under cisplatin-based cancer treatment. This article provides an in-depth overview on the role of Rho GTPases in gynecological cancers, highlights relevant signaling pathways and pathomechanisms, and sheds light on their involvement in tumor progression, metastatic spread, and radio/chemo resistance. In addition, insights into a spectrum of novel biomarkers and innovative approaches based on the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine are provided.
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Dysregulation of Rho GTPases in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051179. [PMID: 32392742 PMCID: PMC7281333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases play central roles in numerous cellular processes, including cell motility, cell polarity, and cell cycle progression, by regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. Dysregulation of Rho GTPase signaling is observed in a broad range of human cancers, and is associated with cancer development and malignant phenotypes, including metastasis and chemoresistance. Rho GTPase activity is precisely controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GTPase-activating proteins, and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors. Recent evidence demonstrates that it is also regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of Rho GTPases, and the precise mechanisms controlling their activity in the regulation of cancer progression. In addition, we discuss targeting strategies for the development of new drugs to improve cancer therapy.
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Long M, Kranjc T, Mysior MM, Simpson JC. RNA Interference Screening Identifies Novel Roles for RhoBTB1 and RhoBTB3 in Membrane Trafficking Events in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051089. [PMID: 32354068 PMCID: PMC7291084 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the endomembrane system of mammalian cells, membrane traffic processes require a high degree of regulation in order to ensure their specificity. The range of molecules that participate in trafficking events is truly vast, and much attention to date has been given to the Rab family of small GTPases. However, in recent years, a role in membrane traffic for members of the Rho GTPase family, in particular Cdc42, has emerged. This prompted us to develop and apply an image-based high-content screen, initially focussing on the Golgi complex, using RNA interference to systematically perturb each of the 21 Rho family members and assess their importance to the overall organisation of this organelle. Analysis of our data revealed previously unreported roles for two atypical Rho family members, RhoBTB1 and RhoBTB3, in membrane traffic events. We find that depletion of RhoBTB3 affects the morphology of the Golgi complex and causes changes in the trafficking speeds of carriers operating at the interface of the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, RhoBTB3 was found to be present on these carriers. Depletion of RhoBTB1 was also found to cause a disturbance to the Golgi architecture, however, this phenotype seems to be linked to endocytosis and retrograde traffic pathways. RhoBTB1 was found to be associated with early endosomal intermediates, and changes in the levels of RhoBTB1 not only caused profound changes to the organisation and distribution of endosomes and lysosomes, but also resulted in defects in the delivery of two different classes of cargo molecules to downstream compartments. Together, our data reveal new roles for these atypical Rho family members in the endomembrane system.
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Humphries BA, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of the Small Rho GTPase Regulators-Complexities and Opportunities in Targeting Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32353968 PMCID: PMC7281527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small Rho GTPases regulate important cellular processes that affect cancer metastasis, such as cell survival and proliferation, actin dynamics, adhesion, migration, invasion and transcriptional activation. The Rho GTPases function as molecular switches cycling between an active GTP-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. It is known that Rho GTPase activities are mainly regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) and guanine nucleotide exchange modifiers (GEMs). These Rho GTPase regulators are often dysregulated in cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression, have been shown to play important roles in cancer metastasis. Recent studies showed that miRNAs are capable of directly targeting RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs, and RhoGDIs, and regulate the activities of Rho GTPases. This not only provides new evidence for the critical role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer metastasis, it also reveals novel mechanisms for Rho GTPase regulation. This review summarizes recent exciting findings showing that miRNAs play important roles in regulating Rho GTPase regulators (RhoGEFs, RhoGAPs, RhoGDIs), thus affecting Rho GTPase activities and cancer metastasis. The potential opportunities and challenges for targeting miRNAs and Rho GTPase regulators in treating cancer metastasis are also discussed. A comprehensive list of the currently validated miRNA-targeting of small Rho GTPase regulators is presented as a reference resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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Haga RB, Garg R, Collu F, Borda D'Agua B, Menéndez ST, Colomba A, Fraternali F, Ridley AJ. RhoBTB1 interacts with ROCKs and inhibits invasion. Biochem J 2019; 476:2499-2514. [PMID: 31431478 PMCID: PMC6744581 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RhoBTB1 is an atypical Rho GTPase with two BTB domains in addition to its Rho domain. Although most Rho GTPases regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics, RhoBTB1 is not known to affect cell shape or motility. We report that RhoBTB1 depletion increases prostate cancer cell invasion and induces elongation in Matrigel, a phenotype similar to that induced by depletion of ROCK1 and ROCK2. We demonstrate that RhoBTB1 associates with ROCK1 and ROCK2 and its association with ROCK1 is via its Rho domain. The Rho domain binds to the coiled-coil region of ROCK1 close to its kinase domain. We identify two amino acids within the Rho domain that alter RhoBTB1 association with ROCK1. RhoBTB1 is a substrate for ROCK1, and mutation of putative phosphorylation sites reduces its association with Cullin3, a scaffold for ubiquitin ligases. We propose that RhoBTB1 suppresses cancer cell invasion through interacting with ROCKs, which in turn regulate its association with Cullin3. Via Cullin3, RhoBTB1 has the potential to affect protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel B Haga
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Francesca Collu
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Bárbara Borda D'Agua
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Sofia T Menéndez
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Audrey Colomba
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
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Düzen IV, Yavuz F, Vuruskan E, Saracoglu E, Poyraz F, Cekici Y, Alıcı H, Göksülük H, Candemir B, Sucu M, Demiryürek AT. Investigation of leukocyte RHO/ROCK gene expressions in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2777-2782. [PMID: 31572525 PMCID: PMC6755446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia caused by disorganized electrical activity in the atria, and it is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. There is a limited data about Rho/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway contribute to AF development. The aim of the present study was to elucidate leukocyte RHO/ROCK gene expressions in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF). A total of 37 NVAF patients and 47 age and sex-matched controls were included in this study. mRNA was extracted from leukocytes, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression analysis. A marked increase in ROCK1 and ROCK2 gene expressions in patients with NVAF was observed (P<0.0001). The present study detected significant elevations in RHOBTB2, RND3 (RHOE), RHOC, RHOG, RHOH, RAC3, RHOB, RHOD, RHOV, RHOBTB1, RND2, RND1 and RHOJ gene expressions (P<0.01). However, there were marked decreases in CDC42, RAC2, and RHOQ gene expressions in patients with NVAF. No significant modifications were seen in the other Rho GTPase proteins RHOA, RAC1, RHOF, RHOU and RHOBTB3. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to provide data that gene expression of leukocyte RHO/ROCK may contribute to the NVAF pathogenesis through activated leukocytes, which promotes the immune or inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan V Düzen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Fethi Yavuz
- Department of Cardiology, Adana City Hospital, Adana 01060, Turkey
| | - Ertan Vuruskan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Erhan Saracoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Fatih Poyraz
- Department of Cardiology, Defa Life Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cekici
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Hayri Alıcı
- Department of Cardiology, Hatem Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Göksülük
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06340, Turkey
| | - Basar Candemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06340, Turkey
| | - Murat Sucu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Abdullah T Demiryürek
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
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26
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Díaz-Montaña JJ, Díaz-Díaz N, Barranco CD, Ponzoni I. Development and use of a Cytoscape app for GRNCOP2. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 177:211-218. [PMID: 31319950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are essential for understanding most molecular processes. In this context, the so-called model-free approaches have an advantage modeling the complex topologies behind these dynamic molecular networks, since most GRNs are difficult to map correctly by any other mathematical model. Abstract model-free approaches, also known as rule-based extraction methods, offer valuable benefits when performing data-driven analysis; such as requiring the least amount of data and simplifying the inference of large models at a faster analysis speed. In particular, GRNCOP2 is a combinatorial optimization method with an adaptive criterion for the discretization of gene expression data and high performance, in contrast to other rule-based extraction methods for discovering GRNs. However, the analysis of the large relational structures of the networks inferred by GRNCOP2 requires the support of effective tools for interactive network visualization and topological analysis of the extracted associations. This need motivated the possibility of integrating GRNCOP2 in the Cytoscape ecosystem in order to benefit from Cytoscapes core functionality, as well as all the other apps in its ecosystem. METHODS In this paper, we introduce the implementation of a GRNCOP2 Cytoscape app. This incorporation to Cytoscape platform includes new functionality for GRN visualizations, dynamic user-interaction and integration with other apps for topological analysis of the networks. RESULTS In order to demonstrate the usefulness of integrating GRNCOP2 in Cytoscape, the new app was used to tackle a novel use case for GRNCOP2: the analysis of crosstalk between pathways. In this regard, datasets associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were analyzed using GRNCOP2 app and other apps of the Cytoscape ecosystem by performing a topological analysis of the AD progression and its synchronization with the Ubiquitin Mediated Proteolysis pathway. Finally, the biological relevance of the findings achieved by this new app were evaluated by searching for evidence in the literature. CONCLUSIONS The proposed crosstalk analysis with the new GRNCOP2 app focused on assessing the phase of the Alzheimer's disease progression where the coordination with the Ubiquitin Mediated Proteolysis pathway increase, and identifying the genes that explain the signalling between these cellular processes. Both questions were explored by topological contrastive analysis of the GRNs generated for the GRNCOP2 app, where several facilities of Cytoscape were exploited. The topological patterns inferred by this new App have been consistent with biological evidence reported in the scientic literature, illustrating the effectiveness of using this new GRNCOP2 App in pathway analysis. AVAILABILITY The GRNCOP2 App is freely available at the official Cytoscape app store: http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/grncop2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Díaz-Montaña
- Intelligent Data Analysis (DATAi), Division of Computer Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville ES-41013, Spain.
| | - Norberto Díaz-Díaz
- Intelligent Data Analysis (DATAi), Division of Computer Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville ES-41013, Spain.
| | - Carlos D Barranco
- Intelligent Data Analysis (DATAi), Division of Computer Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville ES-41013, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ponzoni
- Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computaciǿn (UNS, CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computaciǿn, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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27
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Phuyal S, Farhan H. Multifaceted Rho GTPase Signaling at the Endomembranes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:127. [PMID: 31380367 PMCID: PMC6646525 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases orchestrates fundamental biological processes such as cell cycle progression, cell migration, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and their aberrant signaling is linked to numerous human diseases and disorders. Traditionally, active Rho GTPase proteins were proposed to reside and function predominantly at the plasma membrane. While this view still holds true, it is emerging that active pool of multiple Rho GTPases are in part localized to endomembranes such as endosomes and the Golgi. In this review, we will focus on the intracellular pools and discuss how their local activation contributes to the shaping of various cellular processes. Our main focus will be on Rho signaling from the endosomes, Golgi, mitochondria and nucleus and how they regulate multiple cellular events such as receptor trafficking, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell migration and polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Phuyal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Alterations in Platelet Alpha-Granule Secretion and Adhesion on Collagen under Flow in Mice Lacking the Atypical Rho GTPase RhoBTB3. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020149. [PMID: 30754723 PMCID: PMC6406922 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical Rho GTPases, such as Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA, act as molecular switches regulating various aspects of platelet cytoskeleton reorganization. The loss of these enzymes results in reduced platelet functionality. Atypical Rho GTPases of the RhoBTB subfamily are characterized by divergent domain architecture. One family member, RhoBTB3, is expressed in platelets, but its function is unclear. In the present study we examined the role of RhoBTB3 in platelet function using a knockout mouse model. We found the platelet count, size, numbers of both alpha and dense granules, and surface receptor profile in these mice were comparable to wild-type mice. Deletion of Rhobtb3 had no effect on aggregation and dense granule secretion in response to a range of agonists including thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). By contrast, alpha-granule secretion increased in mice lacking RhoBTB3 in response to thrombin, collagen related peptide (CRP) and U46619/ADP. Integrin activation and spreading on fibrinogen and collagen under static conditions were also unimpaired; however, we observed reduced platelet accrual on collagen under flow conditions. These defects did not translate into alterations in tail bleeding time. We conclude that genetic deletion of Rhobtb3 leads to subtle alterations in alpha-granule secretion and adhesion to collagen without significant effects on hemostasis in vivo.
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29
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Ueyama T. Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020092. [PMID: 30696065 PMCID: PMC6406560 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPases of the Rho-family (Rho-family GTPases) have various physiological functions, including cytoskeletal regulation, cell polarity establishment, cell proliferation and motility, transcription, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis. A relatively large number of downstream targets of Rho-family GTPases have been reported for in vitro studies. However, only a small number of signal pathways have been established at the in vivo level. Cumulative evidence for the functions of Rho-family GTPases has been reported for in vivo studies using genetically engineered mouse models. It was based on different cell- and tissue-specific conditional genes targeting mice. In this review, we introduce recent advances in in vivo studies, including human patient trials on Rho-family GTPases, focusing on highly polarized sensory organs, such as the cochlea, which is the primary hearing organ, host defenses involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis (especially associated with RAC, novel RAC1-GSPT1 signaling, RHOA, and RHOBTB2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Ueyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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30
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Activated Rho GTPases in Cancer-The Beginning of a New Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123949. [PMID: 30544828 PMCID: PMC6321241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of Rho GTPases in cancer has been a matter of debate since the identification of the first members of this branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. The Rho GTPases were ascribed important roles in the cell, although these were restricted to regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell morphogenesis, and cell locomotion, with initially no clear indications of direct involvement in cancer progression. This paradigm has been challenged by numerous observations that Rho-regulated pathways are often dysregulated in cancers. More recently, identification of point mutants in the Rho GTPases Rac1, RhoA, and Cdc42 in human tumors has finally given rise to a new paradigm, and we can now state with confidence that Rho GTPases serve as oncogenes in several human cancers. This article provides an exposé of current knowledge of the roles of activated Rho GTPases in cancers.
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31
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Redaelli S, Ceccon M, Zappa M, Sharma GG, Mastini C, Mauri M, Nigoghossian M, Massimino L, Cordani N, Farina F, Piazza R, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Mologni L. Lorlatinib Treatment Elicits Multiple On- and Off-Target Mechanisms of Resistance in ALK-Driven Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6866-6880. [PMID: 30322862 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: Targeted therapy changed the standard of care in ALK-dependent tumors. However, resistance remains a major challenge. Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK inhibitor that inhibits most ALK mutants resistant to current ALK inhibitors. In this study, we utilize lorlatinib-resistant anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo to investigate the acquisition of resistance and its underlying mechanisms. ALCL cells acquired compound ALK mutations G1202R/G1269A and C1156F/L1198F in vitro at high drug concentrations. ALCL xenografts selected in vivo showed recurrent N1178H (5/10 mice) and G1269A (4/10 mice) mutations. Interestingly, intracellular localization of NPM/ALKN1178H skewed toward the cytoplasm in human cells, possibly mimicking overexpression. RNA sequencing of resistant cells showed significant alteration of PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathways. Functional validation by small-molecule inhibitors confirmed the involvement of these pathways in resistance to lorlatinib. NSCLC cells exposed in vitro to lorlatinib acquired hyperactivation of EGFR, which was blocked by erlotinib to restore sensitivity to lorlatinib. In neuroblastoma, whole-exome sequencing and proteomic profiling of lorlatinib-resistant cells revealed a truncating NF1 mutation and hyperactivation of EGFR and ErbB4. These data provide an extensive characterization of resistance mechanisms that may arise in different ALK-positive cancers following lorlatinib treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: High-throughput genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling reveals various mechanisms by which multiple tumor types acquire resistance to the third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Monica Ceccon
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marina Zappa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Geeta G Sharma
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,European Research Initiative for ALK-Related Malignancies (ERIA), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Mastini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mario Mauri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marion Nigoghossian
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luca Massimino
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cordani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Farina
- Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,European Research Initiative for ALK-Related Malignancies (ERIA), Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Mologni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. .,European Research Initiative for ALK-Related Malignancies (ERIA), Cambridge, United Kingdom
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32
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Olson MF. Rho GTPases, their post-translational modifications, disease-associated mutations and pharmacological inhibitors. Small GTPases 2018; 9:203-215. [PMID: 27548350 PMCID: PMC5927519 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1218407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 20 members of the Rho GTPase family are key regulators of a wide-variety of biological activities. In response to activation, they signal via downstream effector proteins to induce dynamic alterations in the organization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. In this review, post-translational modifications, mechanisms of dysregulation identified in human pathological conditions, and the ways that Rho GTPases might be targeted for chemotherapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Olson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
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Santos PKF, de Souza Araujo N, Françoso E, Zuntini AR, Arias MC. Diapause in a tropical oil-collecting bee: molecular basis unveiled by RNA-Seq. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:305. [PMID: 29703143 PMCID: PMC5923013 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diapause is a natural phenomenon characterized by an arrest in development that ensures the survival of organisms under extreme environmental conditions. The process has been well documented in arthropods. However, its molecular basis has been mainly studied in species from temperate zones, leaving a knowledge gap of this phenomenon in tropical species. In the present study, the Neotropical and solitary bee Tetrapedia diversipes was employed as a model for investigating diapause in species from tropical zones. Being a bivoltine insect, Tetrapedia diversipes produce two generations of offspring per year. The first generation, normally born during the wet season, develops faster than individuals from the second generation, born after the dry season. Furthermore, it has been shown that the development of the progeny, of the second generation, is halted at the 5th larval instar, and remains in larval diapause during the dry season. Towards the goal of gaining a better understanding of the diapause phenomenon we compared the global gene expression pattern, in larvae, from both reproductive generations and during diapause. The results demonstrate that there are similarities in the observed gene expression patterns to those already described for temperate climate models, and also identify diapause-related genes that have not been previously reported in the literature. RESULTS The RNA-Seq analysis identified 2275 differentially expressed transcripts, of which 1167 were annotated. Of these genes, during diapause, 352 were upregulated and 815 were downregulated. According to their biological functions, these genes were categorized into the following groups: cellular detoxification, cytoskeleton, cuticle, sterol and lipid metabolism, cell cycle, heat shock proteins, immune response, circadian clock, and epigenetic control. CONCLUSION Many of the identified genes have already been described as being related to diapause; however, new genes were discovered, for the first time, in this study. Among those, we highlight: Niemann-Pick type C1, NPC2 and Acyl-CoA binding protein homolog (all involved in ecdysteroid synthesis); RhoBTB2 and SASH1 (associated with cell cycle regulation) and Histone acetyltransferase KAT7 (related to epigenetic transcriptional regulation). The results presented here add important findings to the understanding of diapause in tropical species, thus increasing the comprehension of diapause-related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Karla F. Santos
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, Room 320, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Araujo
- 0000 0001 0805 7253grid.4861.bCurrent address: GIGA – Medical Genomics, Unit of Animal Genomics, University of Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue de I’Hopital, 11, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Elaine Françoso
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, Room 320, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rizzo Zuntini
- 0000 0001 0723 2494grid.411087.bDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Arias
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, Room 320, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090 Brazil
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Abstract
RhoGTPases also known as molecular switches represent a family of GTP-binding proteins. They shuttle between "On" and "Off" states. In the "On" state, they activate plethora of molecules. These proteins perform a wide variety of functions involving cytoskeletal modeling, cell motility, migration, and mitosis. Members of this family are referred as master regulators of many cellular activities. Due to wide variety of portfolios attributed to RhoGTPases, their misbehavior leads to initiation and also progression of metastatic cancers. Many members of this family have been reported to be differentially regulated leading to spread of malignant cells from one site to other. These wandering cells find a comfortable site in accordance to Paget's soil and seed hypothesis and form secondary lesions. Out of multiple members of this family, RhoA and RhoC are important factors. RhoA is supposed to increase tumor proliferation when overexpressed while RhoC is responsible for tumor initiation. We searched publications on RhoGTPases, their functions and contribution in cancer development and metastasis on World Wide Web and PubMed. This review focuses on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and granting the opportunistic motile behavior of aggressive cancer cells. To condense knowledge from existing literature about the roles played by these molecular switches, their structural and functional ramifications are introduced in the beginning followed by an account on their wrong behavior that leads to oncogenesis and oncoprogression. This piece of work highlights members of RhoGTPases as viable oncotargets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Bora
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Missense Variants in RHOBTB2 Cause a Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy in Humans, and Altered Levels Cause Neurological Defects in Drosophila. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:44-57. [PMID: 29276004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of typical Rho GTPases and other Rho-linked proteins in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function and dysfunction is widely acknowledged, the role of atypical Rho GTPases (such as RHOBTB2) in neurodevelopment has barely been characterized. We have now identified de novo missense variants clustering in the BTB-domain-encoding region of RHOBTB2 in ten individuals with a similar phenotype, including early-onset epilepsy, severe intellectual disability, postnatal microcephaly, and movement disorders. Three of the variants were recurrent. Upon transfection of HEK293 cells, we found that mutant RHOBTB2 was more abundant than the wild-type, most likely because of impaired degradation in the proteasome. Similarly, elevated amounts of the Drosophila ortholog RhoBTB in vivo were associated with seizure susceptibility and severe locomotor defects. Knockdown of RhoBTB in the Drosophila dendritic arborization neurons resulted in a decreased number of dendrites, thus suggesting a role of RhoBTB in dendritic development. We have established missense variants in the BTB-domain-encoding region of RHOBTB2 as causative for a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and have elucidated the role of atypical Rho GTPase RhoBTB in Drosophila neurological function and possibly dendrite development.
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Cullin 3-Based Ubiquitin Ligases as Master Regulators of Mammalian Cell Differentiation. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 43:95-107. [PMID: 29249570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Specificity of the ubiquitin proteasome system is controlled by ubiquitin E3 ligases, including their major representatives, the multisubunit cullin-RING ubiquitin (Ub) ligases (CRLs). More than 200 different CRLs are divided into seven families according to their cullin scaffolding proteins (CUL1-7) around which they are assembled. Research over two decades has revealed that different CRL families are specialized to fulfill specific cellular functions. Whereas many CUL1-based CRLs (CRL1s) ubiquitylate cell cycle regulators, CRL4 complexes often associate with chromatin to control DNA metabolism. Based on studies about differentiation programs of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including myogenesis, neurogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and adipogenesis, we propose here that CRL3 complexes evolved to fulfill a pivotal role in mammalian cell differentiation.
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Wang L, Yin W, Shi C. E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF139, inhibits the progression of tongue cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:452. [PMID: 28662643 PMCID: PMC5493000 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tongue cancer is still one of the leading causes of mortality around the world. Recently, the ubiquitin system has been established as a critical modulator of tumors. In order to find the oral cancer related E3 ubiquitin ligases, we screened the human E3 ubiquitin ligase library and found that RING finger protein 139 (RNF139) regulated the biological behavior of tongue cancer cells. Methods MTT assay was used to analyze the cell viability changes of tongue cancer SCC9 and SCC25 cells caused by RNF139. The invasion ability of SCC9 and SCC25 cells with or without the knockdown of RNF139 was evaluated through transwell assay. The immunoblotting was recruited to determine the expression level of RNF139 in human tongue cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues. The effect of RNF139 on tumorigenicity of tongue cancer cells was analyzed by xenograft model on immunodeficient Balb/c nude mice. Results Overexpression of RNF139 inhibits the viability of tongue cancer cells since day 2. The colony formation ability of SCC9 and SCC25 cells was also decreased with the overexpression of RNF139. Knockdown of RNF139 significantly promoted the invasion ability of SCC9 and SCC25 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of RNF139 also induced the activation of AKT signaling pathway. While human tongue cancer tissues had low expression of RNF139. In nude mice, knockdown of RNF139 promoted the tumorigenicity of the SCC25 cells. Conclusions Our data establish a role for RNF139 in regulating the progression of tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu road, Wuhan, 430079, China.,Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wei Yin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Chun Shi
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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McKinnon CM, Mellor H. The tumor suppressor RhoBTB1 controls Golgi integrity and breast cancer cell invasion through METTL7B. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:145. [PMID: 28219369 PMCID: PMC5319017 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhoBTB1 and 2 are atypical members of the Rho GTPase family of signaling proteins. Unlike other Rho GTPases, RhoBTB1 and 2 undergo silencing or mutation in a wide range of epithelial cancers; however, little is known about the consequences of this loss of function. METHODS We analyzed transcriptome data to identify transcriptional targets of RhoBTB2. We verified these using Q-PCR and then used gene silencing and cell imaging to determine the cellular function of these targets downstream of RhoBTB signaling. RESULTS RhoBTB1 and 2 regulate the expression of the methyltransferases METTL7B and METTL7A, respectively. RhoBTB1 regulates the integrity of the Golgi complex through METTL7B. RhoBTB1 is required for expression of METTL7B and silencing of either protein leads to fragmentation of the Golgi. Loss of RhoBTB1 expression is linked to Golgi fragmentation in breast cancer cells. Restoration of normal RhoBTB1 expression rescues Golgi morphology and dramatically inhibits breast cancer cell invasion. CONCLUSION Loss of RhoBTB1 expression in breast cancer cells leads to Golgi fragmentation and hence loss of normal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M McKinnon
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Harry Mellor
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Haga RB, Ridley AJ. Rho GTPases: Regulation and roles in cancer cell biology. Small GTPases 2016; 7:207-221. [PMID: 27628050 PMCID: PMC5129894 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1232583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are well known for their roles in regulating cell migration, and also contribute to a variety of other cellular responses. They are subdivided into 2 groups: typical and atypical. The typical Rho family members, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, cycle between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformation, and are regulated by GEFs, GAPs and GDIs, whereas atypical Rho family members have amino acid substitutions that alter their ability to interact with GTP/GDP and hence are regulated by different mechanisms. Both typical and atypical Rho GTPases contribute to cancer progression. In a few cancers, RhoA or Rac1 are mutated, but in most cancers expression levels and/or activity of Rho GTPases is altered. Rho GTPase signaling could therefore be therapeutically targeted in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel B. Haga
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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Rho GTPases operating at the Golgi complex: Implications for membrane traffic and cancer biology. Tissue Cell 2016; 49:163-169. [PMID: 27720426 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is the central unit of the secretory pathway, modifying, processing and sorting proteins and lipids to their correct cellular localisation. Changes to proteins at the Golgi complex can have deleterious effects on the function of this organelle, impeding trafficking routes through it, potentially resulting in disease. It is emerging that several Rho GTPase proteins, namely Cdc42, RhoBTB3, RhoA and RhoD are at least in part localised to the Golgi complex, and a number of studies have shown that dysregulation of their levels or activity can be associated with cellular changes which ultimately drive cancer progression. In this mini-review we highlight some of the recent work that explores links between form and function of the Golgi complex, Rho GTPases and cancer.
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Abstract
Rho GTPases have many and diverse roles in cell physiology, and some family members are very well studied, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. But many are relatively neglected, and fundamental questions about their mechanisms and functions remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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