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Zimmermann A, Madeo F, Diwan A, Sadoshima J, Sedej S, Kroemer G, Abdellatif M. Metabolic control of mitophagy. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14138. [PMID: 38041247 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major hallmark of ageing and related chronic disorders. Controlled removal of damaged mitochondria by the autophagic machinery, a process known as mitophagy, is vital for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival. The central role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism places mitochondrial removal at the interface of key metabolic pathways affecting the biosynthesis or catabolism of acetyl-coenzyme A, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, polyamines, as well as fatty acids and amino acids. Molecular switches that integrate the metabolic status of the cell, like AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase A, mechanistic target of rapamycin and sirtuins, have also emerged as important regulators of mitophagy. In this review, we discuss how metabolic regulation intersects with mitophagy. We place special emphasis on the metabolic regulatory circuits that may be therapeutically targeted to delay ageing and mitochondria-associated chronic diseases. Moreover, we identify outstanding knowledge gaps, such as the ill-defined distinction between basal and damage-induced mitophagy, which must be resolved to boost progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Division of Cardiology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, and John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Simon Sedej
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Hwang ES, Song SB. Impaired Autophagic Flux in Glucose-Deprived Cells: An Outcome of Lysosomal Acidification Failure Exacerbated by Mitophagy Dysfunction. Mol Cells 2023; 46:655-663. [PMID: 37867391 PMCID: PMC10654461 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy dysfunction is associated with human diseases and conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic issues, and chronic infections. Additionally, the decline in autophagic activity contributes to tissue and organ dysfunction and aging-related diseases. Several factors, such as down-regulation of autophagy components and activators, oxidative damage, microinflammation, and impaired autophagy flux, are linked to autophagy decline. An autophagy flux impairment (AFI) has been implicated in neurological disorders and in certain other pathological conditions. Here, to enhance our understanding of AFI, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of findings derived from two well-studied cellular stress models: glucose deprivation and replicative senescence. Glucose deprivation is a condition in which cells heavily rely on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP generation. Autophagy is activated, but its flux is hindered at the autolysis step, primarily due to an impairment of lysosomal acidity. Cells undergoing replicative senescence also experience AFI, which is also known to be caused by lysosomal acidity failure. Both glucose deprivation and replicative senescence elevate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting lysosomal acidification. Mitochondrial alterations play a crucial role in elevating ROS generation and reducing lysosomal acidity, highlighting their association with autophagy dysfunction and disease conditions. This paper delves into the underlying molecular and cellular pathways of AFI in glucose-deprived cells, providing insights into potential strategies for managing AFI that is driven by lysosomal acidity failure. Furthermore, the investigation on the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction sheds light on the potential effectiveness of modulating mitochondrial function to overcome AFI, offering new possibilities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
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Prabhu SS, Nair AS, Nirmala SV. Multifaceted roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases: from powerhouses to saboteurs. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:723-743. [PMID: 37751031 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The fact that mitochondria play a crucial part in energy generation has led to the nickname "powerhouses" of the cell being applied to them. They also play a significant role in many other cellular functions, including calcium signalling, apoptosis, and the creation of vital biomolecules. As a result, cellular function and health as a whole can be significantly impacted by mitochondrial malfunction. Indeed, malignancies frequently have increased levels of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control. Adverse selection exists for harmful mitochondrial genome mutations, even though certain malignancies include modifications in the nuclear-encoded tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes that generate carcinogenic metabolites. Since rare human cancers with mutated mitochondrial genomes are often benign, removing mitochondrial DNA reduces carcinogenesis. Therefore, targeting mitochondria offers therapeutic options since they serve several functions and are crucial to developing malignant tumors. Here, we discuss the various steps involved in the mechanism of cancer for which mitochondria plays a significant role, as well as the role of mitochondria in diseases other than cancer. It is crucial to understand mitochondrial malfunction to target these organelles for therapeutic reasons. This highlights the significance of investigating mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and other disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapriya Surendranath Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Saiprabha Vijayakumar Nirmala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
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Varghese B, Chianese U, Capasso L, Sian V, Bontempo P, Conte M, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Carafa V, Nebbioso A. SIRT1 activation promotes energy homeostasis and reprograms liver cancer metabolism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:627. [PMID: 37715252 PMCID: PMC10504761 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and impaired bioenergetics. Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved enzymes that play a fundamental role in energy metabolism regulation. SIRT1, in particular, drives many physiological stress responses and metabolic pathways following nutrient deprivation. We previously showed that SIRT1 activation using SCIC2.1 was able to attenuate genotoxic response and senescence. Here, we report that in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under glucose-deprived conditions, SCIC2.1 treatment induced overexpression of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6, modulating metabolic response. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle. The MTT assay and xCELLigence system were used to measure cell viability and proliferation. In vitro enzymatic assays were carried out as directed by the manufacturer, and the absorbance was measured with an automated Infinite M1000 reader. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation were used to evaluate the expression of various proteins described in this study. The relative expression of genes was studied using real-time PCR. We employed a Seahorse XF24 Analyzer to determine the metabolic state of the cells. Oil Red O staining was used to measure lipid accumulation. RESULTS SCIC2.1 significantly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMPK-p53-PGC1α pathway and enhanced mitochondrial ATP production under glucose deprivation. SIRT1 inhibition by Ex-527 further supported our hypothesis that metabolic effects are dependent on SIRT1 activation. Interestingly, SCIC2.1 reprogrammed glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation for bioenergetic circuits by repressing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, SCIC2.1-mediated SIRT1 activation strongly modulated antioxidant response through SIRT3 activation, and p53-dependent stress response via indirect recruitment of SIRT6. CONCLUSION Our results show that SCIC2.1 is able to promote energy homeostasis, attenuating metabolic stress under glucose deprivation via activation of SIRT1. These findings shed light on the metabolic action of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of HCC and may help determine future therapies for this and, possibly, other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benluvankar Varghese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Sian
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
- IEOS CNR, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Moreno A, Taffet A, Tjahjono E, Anderson QL, Kirienko NV. Examining Sporadic Cancer Mutations Uncovers a Set of Genes Involved in Mitochondrial Maintenance. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1009. [PMID: 37239369 PMCID: PMC10218105 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular health and metabolism and the activation of programmed cell death processes. Although pathways for regulating and re-establishing mitochondrial homeostasis have been identified over the past twenty years, the consequences of disrupting genes that regulate other cellular processes, such as division and proliferation, on affecting mitochondrial function remain unclear. In this study, we leveraged insights about increased sensitivity to mitochondrial damage in certain cancers, or genes that are frequently mutated in multiple cancer types, to compile a list of candidates for study. RNAi was used to disrupt orthologous genes in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, and a series of assays were used to evaluate these genes' importance for mitochondrial health. Iterative screening of ~1000 genes yielded a set of 139 genes predicted to play roles in mitochondrial maintenance or function. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that these genes are statistically interrelated. Functional validation of a sample of genes from this set indicated that disruption of each gene caused at least one phenotype consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction, including increased fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, abnormal steady-state levels of NADH or ROS, or altered oxygen consumption. Interestingly, RNAi-mediated knockdown of these genes often also exacerbated α-synuclein aggregation in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, human orthologs of the gene set showed enrichment for roles in human disorders. This gene set provides a foundation for identifying new mechanisms that support mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Natalia V. Kirienko
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS140, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (A.M.); (A.T.); (E.T.); (Q.L.A.)
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Cardinali G, Kovacs D, Mosca S, Bellei B, Flori E, Morrone A, Mileo AM, Maresca V. The αMSH-Dependent PI3K Pathway Supports Energy Metabolism, via Glucose Uptake, in Melanoma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071099. [PMID: 37048170 PMCID: PMC10093374 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of melanocytes and murine melanoma cells with αMSH plus the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 resulted in ROS increase, oxidative DNA damage, and pigment retention. We performed cellular and molecular biology assays (Western blot, FACS, immunofluorescence analysis, scratch assay) on murine and human melanoma cells. Treatment with αMSH plus LY294002 altered cortical actin architecture. Given that cytoskeleton integrity requires energy, we next evaluated ATP levels and we observed a drop in ATP after exposure to αMSH plus LY294002. To evaluate if the αMSH-activated PI3K pathway could modulate energy metabolism, we focused on glucose uptake by analyzing the expression of the Glut-1 glucose translocator. Compared with cells treated with αMSH alone, those exposed to combined treatment showed a reduction of Glut-1 on the plasma membrane. This metabolic alteration was associated with changes in mitochondrial mass. A significant decrease of the cell migratory potential was also observed. We demonstrated that the αMSH-dependent PI3K pathway acts as a regulator of energy metabolism via glucose uptake, influencing the actin cytoskeleton, which is involved in melanosome release and cell motility. Hence, these results could constitute the basis for innovative therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Mileo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
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Park Y, Jeong Y, Son S, Kim DE. AMPK-induced mitochondrial biogenesis decelerates retinal pigment epithelial cell degeneration under nutrient starvation. BMB Rep 2023; 56:84-89. [PMID: 36195569 PMCID: PMC9978359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The implications of nutrient starvation due to aging on the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is yet to be fully explored. We examined the involvement of AMPK activation in mitochondrial homeostasis and its relationship with the maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population and epithelial characteristics of RPE cells under nutrient starvation. Nutrient starvation induced mitochondrial senescence, which led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RPE cells. As nutrient starvation persisted, RPE cells underwent pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the upregulation of TWIST1, a transcription regulator which is activated by ROS-induced NF-κB signaling. Enhanced activation of AMPK with metformin decelerated mitochondrial senescence and EMT progression through mitochondrial biogenesis, primed by activation of PGC1-α. Thus, by facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis, AMPK protects RPE cells from the loss of epithelial integrity due to the accumulation of ROS in senescent mitochondria under nutrient starvation. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 84-89].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yeeun Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sumin Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-2049-6062; Fax: +82-2-3436-6062; E-mail:
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Park Y, Jeong Y, Son S, Kim DE. AMPK-induced mitochondrial biogenesis decelerates retinal pigment epithelial cell degeneration under nutrient starvation. BMB Rep 2023; 56:84-89. [PMID: 36195569 PMCID: PMC9978359 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The implications of nutrient starvation due to aging on the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is yet to be fully explored. We examined the involvement of AMPK activation in mitochondrial homeostasis and its relationship with the maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population and epithelial characteristics of RPE cells under nutrient starvation. Nutrient starvation induced mitochondrial senescence, which led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RPE cells. As nutrient starvation persisted, RPE cells underwent pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the upregulation of TWIST1, a transcription regulator which is activated by ROS-induced NF-κB signaling. Enhanced activation of AMPK with metformin decelerated mitochondrial senescence and EMT progression through mitochondrial biogenesis, primed by activation of PGC1-α. Thus, by facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis, AMPK protects RPE cells from the loss of epithelial integrity due to the accumulation of ROS in senescent mitochondria under nutrient starvation. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 84-89].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yeeun Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sumin Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Highly concentrated trehalose induces prohealing senescence-like state in fibroblasts via CDKN1A/p21. Commun Biol 2023; 6:13. [PMID: 36609486 PMCID: PMC9822918 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is the nonreducing disaccharide of glucose, evolutionarily conserved in invertebrates. The living skin equivalent (LSE) is an organotypic coculture containing keratinocytes cultivated on fibroblast-populated dermal substitutes. We demonstrated that human primary fibroblasts treated with highly concentrated trehalose promote significantly extensive spread of the epidermal layer of LSE without any deleterious effects. The RNA-seq analysis of trehalose-treated 2D and 3D fibroblasts at early time points revealed the involvement of the CDKN1A pathway, the knockdown of which significantly suppressed the upregulation of DPT, ANGPT2, VEGFA, EREG, and FGF2. The trehalose-treated fibroblasts were positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Finally, transplantation of the dermal substitute with trehalose-treated fibroblasts accelerated wound closure and increased capillary formation significantly in the experimental mouse wounds in vivo, which was canceled by the CDKN1A knockdown. These data indicate that high-concentration trehalose can induce the senescence-like state in fibroblasts via CDKN1A/p21, which may be therapeutically useful for optimal wound repair.
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Xu QQ, Su ZR, Hu Z, Yang W, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Patchouli alcohol ameliorates the learning and memory impairments in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease via modulating SIRT1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154441. [PMID: 36108371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a major active ingredient isolated from Pogostemonis Herba, exhibits extensive bioactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) and exerts neuroprotective effects. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-AD effects of PA in an animal model of AD and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the ability of PA to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats after oral administration. The sporadic AD rat model was established by intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injection with streptozotocin (STZ). PA (25 and 50 mg/kg) was given to rat orally once daily for 42 consecutive days. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to determine the learning and memory functions of the STZ-induced AD rats. EX527, a silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) selective inhibitor, was used to investigate the involvement of SIRT1 in the anti-AD effects of PA in rats. RESULTS PA could penetrate the BBB. MWM test results showed that PA could significantly ameliorate the learning and memory deficits induced by STZ in rats. Meanwhile, PA enhanced the expression of SIRT1, and markedly alleviated the tau pathology by inhibiting the hyperacetylation (at the site of Lys174) and hyperphosphorylation (at the sites of Thr181, Thr205, Ser396 and Ser404) of tau protein. PA also efficiently suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and the beta-amyloid (Aβ) expression and the deacetylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) at Lys 310 (K310) in the STZ-treated AD rats. EX527, a SIRT1 selective inhibitor, could partially abolish the cognitive deficits improving effect of PA and inhibit the down-regulation of acetylated tau and acetylated NF-κB p65, suggesting that PA exhibited neuroprotective effects against AD via upregulating SIRT1. CONCLUSION This study reported for the first time that PA could penetrate the BBB to exert its protective effects on the brain after a single-dose oral administration. The current experimental findings also amply demonstrated that PA could improve the cognitive and memory impairments in the STZ-induced AD rat model. The underlying mechanisms involve the alleviations of neuroinflammation, tau pathology and Aβ deposition via modulating of SIRT1 and NF-κB pathways. All these findings strongly suggest that PA is a promising naturally occurring compound worthy of further development into an anti-AD pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Tracy EP, Nair R, Rowe G, Beare JE, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Adipose stromal vascular fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperfission in aging-induced coronary microvascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H749-H762. [PMID: 36018760 PMCID: PMC9529257 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00311.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with blunted coronary microvascular vasodilatory function. Previously, systemically administered adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) therapy reversed aging-induced attenuation of β1-adrenergic- and flow-mediated dilation dependent on reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that SVF-mediated recovery of microvascular dilatory function is dependent on recovery of mitochondrial function, specifically by reducing mitochondrial hyperfission. Female Fischer-344 rats were allocated into young control, old control, and old + SVF therapy groups. Pressure myography, immunofluorescent staining, Western blot analysis, and RNA sequencing were performed to determine coronary microvascular mitochondrial dynamics and function. Gene and protein expression of fission-mediator DRP-1 was enhanced with aging but reversed by SVF therapy. SVF facilitated an increase in fusion-mediator MFN-1 gene and protein expression. Mitochondrial morphology was characterized as rod-like and densely networked in young controls, isolated circular and punctate with aging, and less circularity with partially restored mitochondrial branch density with SVF therapy. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP bioavailability in aged animals at baseline and during flow-mediated dilation were reversed by SVF and accompanied with enhanced oxygen consumption. Dilation to norepinephrine and flow in young controls were dependent on uninhibited mitochondrial fusion, whereas inhibiting fission did not restore aged microvessel response to norepinephrine or flow. SVF-mediated recovery of β-adrenergic function was dependent on uninhibited mitochondrial fusion, whereas recovery of flow-mediated dilation was dependent on maintained mitochondrial fission. Impaired dilation in aging is mitigated by SVF therapy, which recovers mitochondrial function and fission/fusion balance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We elucidated the consequences of aging on coronary microvascular mitochondrial health as well as SVF's ability to reverse these effects. Aging shifts gene/protein expression and mitochondrial morphology indicating hyperfission, alongside attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP bioavailability, all reversed using SVF therapy. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels correlated with vasodilatory efficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing pathological factor in aging that can be targeted by therapeutic SVF to preserve microvascular dilative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rajeev Nair
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jason E Beare
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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12
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Ma W, Zhao L, Johnson ET, Xie Y, Zhang M. Natural food flavour (E)-2-hexenal, a potential antifungal agent, induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Aspergillus flavus conidia via a ROS-dependent pathway. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 370:109633. [PMID: 35313251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural food flavour (E)-2-hexenal, a green leaf volatile, exhibits potent antifungal activity on Aspergillus flavus, but its antifungal mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated (E)-2-hexenal-induced apoptosis in A. flavus conidia and explored the underlying mechanisms of action. Evidence of apoptosis in A. flavus conidia were investigated by methods including fluorescent staining, flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscope, and spectral analysis. Results indicated that 4.0 μL/mL (minimum fungicidal concentration, MFC) of (E)-2-hexenal application induced early markers of apoptotic cell death in A. flavus conidia with a rate of 38.4% after 6 h exposure. Meanwhile, typical hallmarks of apoptosis, such as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activated metacaspase activity, fragmented DNA, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and cytochrome c (Cyt C) release from mitochondria to the cytosol were also confirmed. Furthermore, intracellular ATP levels were reduced by 63.3 ± 3.6% and reactive oxygen species (ROS) positive cells increased by 31.1 ± 3.1% during A. flavus apoptosis induced by (E)-2-hexenal. l-Cysteine (Cys), an antioxidant, could strongly block the excess ROS generation caused by (E)-2-hexenal, which correspondingly resulted in a significant inhibition of MPTP opening and decrease of apoptosis in A. flavus, indicating that ROS palys a pivotal role in (E)-2-hexenal-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that (E)-2-hexenal exerts its antifungal effect on A. flavus conidia via a ROS-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Luling Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Eric T Johnson
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop BioProtection Research Unit, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Yanli Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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13
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Mao J, Zhang J, Cai L, Cui Y, Liu J, Yundong M. Elevated prohibitin 1 expression mitigates glucose metabolism defects in granulosa cells of infertile patients with endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6593492. [PMID: 35639746 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common disease in women of childbearing age and is closely associated with female infertility. However, the pathogenesis of endometriosis-related infertility is still not fully understood. Prohibitin 1 (PHB1), a highly conserved protein related to mitochondrial function, is differentially expressed in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis. However, the role of PHB1 in glucose metabolism in granulosa cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether PHB1 expression and glucose metabolism patterns differ in the granulosa cells of patients with endometriosis and those of patients serving as controls. We then evaluated these changes after PHB1 was upregulated or downregulated in the human granulosa cell line (KGN) using a lentivirus construct. In the granulosa cells of patients with endometriosis, significantly elevated PHB1 expression, increased glucose consumption and lactic acid production, as well as aberrant expression of glycolysis-related enzymes were found compared to those without endometriosis (P < 0.05). After PHB1 expression was upregulated in KGN cells, and the expression of enzymes related to glucose metabolism, glucose consumption and lactic acid production was strikingly increased compared to controls (P < 0.05). The opposite results were found when PHB1 expression was downregulated in KGN cells. Additionally, the cell proliferation and apoptosis rates, ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were significantly altered after down-regulation of PHB1 expression in KGN cells (P < 0.05). This study suggested that PHB1 plays a pivotal role in mitigating the loss of energy caused by impaired mitochondrial function in granulosa cells of patients with endometriosis, which may explain, at least in part, why the quality of oocytes in these patients is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqin Mao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Province, 210029, China, Jiangsu.,Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Province, China, Zhejiang
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Province, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Lingbo Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Province, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Yugui Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Province, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Jiayin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Province, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Mao Yundong
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Province, 210029, China, Jiangsu
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14
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The potential inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on mitophagy in UV-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:646-656. [PMID: 36090683 PMCID: PMC9459079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to its use as a health food, ginseng is used in cosmetics and shampoo because of its extensive health benefits. The ginsenoside, Rh2, is a component of ginseng that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes insulin secretion, improves insulin sensitivity, and shows antioxidant effects. Methods The effects of Rh2 on cell survival, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, and cell differentiation were examined. The antioxidant effects of Rh2 in UV-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were also examined. The effects of Rh2 on mitochondrial function, morphology, and mitophagy were investigated in UV-irradiated NHDF cells. Results Rh2 treatment promoted the proliferation of NHDF cells. Additionally, Rh2 increased the expression levels of ECM proteins and growth-associated immediate-early genes in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated NHDF cells. Rh2 also affected antioxidant protein expression and increased total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, treatment with Rh2 ameliorated the changes in mitochondrial morphology, induced the recovery of mitochondrial function, and inhibited the initiation of mitophagy in UV-irradiated NHDF cells. Conclusion Rh2 inhibits mitophagy and reinstates mitochondrial ATP production and membrane potential in NHDF cells damaged by UV exposure, leading to the recovery of ECM, cell proliferation, and antioxidant capacity.
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15
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Vitamin B 12 Attenuates Acute Pancreatitis by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Improving Mitochondria Dysfunction via CBS/SIRT1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7936316. [PMID: 34925701 PMCID: PMC8677375 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7936316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, which is characterized by a rapid depletion of glutathione (GSH). Cysthionine-β-synthase (CBS) is a key coenzyme in GSH synthesis, and its deficiency is related to a variety of clinical diseases. However, whether CBS is involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis remains unclear. First, we found that CBS was downregulated in both in vivo and in vitro AP models. The pancreatic damage and acinar cell necrosis related to CBS deficiency were significantly improved by VB 12, which stimulated clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by conserving GSH. Furthermore, EX-527 (a specific inhibitor of SIRT1) exposure counteracted the protective effect of VB 12 by promoting oxidative stress and aggravating mitochondrial damage without influencing CBS, indicating that vitamin B12 regulates SIRT1 to improve pancreatical damage by activating CBS. In conclusion, we found that VB 12 protected acute pancreatitis associated with oxidative stress via CBS/SIRT1 pathway.
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16
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Shivashankar G, Lim JC, Acosta ML. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase inhibition in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the metabolic imbalance of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108845. [PMID: 34800480 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision impairment in working age adults. In addition to hyperglycemia, retinal inflammation is an important driving factor for DR development. Although DR is clinically described as diabetes-induced damage to the retinal blood vessels, several studies have reported that metabolic dysregulation occurs in the retina prior to the development of microvascular damage. The two most commonly affected metabolic pathways in diabetic conditions are glycolysis and the glutamate pathway. We investigated the role of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in an in-vitro model of DR incorporating high glucose and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that GAPDH and GS enzyme activity were not significantly affected in hyperglycemic conditions or after exposure to cytokines alone, but were significantly decreased in the DR model. This confirmed that pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα enhance the hyperglycemic metabolic deficit. We further investigated metabolite and amino acid levels after specific pharmacological inhibition of GAPDH or GS in the absence/presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results indicate that GAPDH inhibition increased glucose and addition of cytokines increased lactate and ATP levels and reduced glutamate levels. GS inhibition did not alter retinal metabolite levels but the addition of cytokines increased ATP levels and caused glutamate accumulation in Müller cells. We conclude that it is the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines concomitantly with the inhibition of the glycolytic or GS mediated glutamate recycling that contribute to metabolic dysregulation in DR. Therefore, in the absence of good glycemic control, therapeutic interventions aimed at regulating inflammation may prevent the onset of early metabolic imbalance in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaganashree Shivashankar
- School of Optometry and Vision Science and the New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julie C Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical and Health Sciences and the New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Monica L Acosta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science and the New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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17
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Khaira H, Lunelli T, Singh H, Guillemin GJ, Fernando B, Garg ML, Verdile G, Martins RN. Therapeutic Potential of Mitophagy-Inducing Microflora Metabolite, Urolithin A for Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113744. [PMID: 34836000 PMCID: PMC8617978 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction including deficits of mitophagy is seen in aging and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apart from traditionally targeting amyloid beta (Aβ), the main culprit in AD brains, other approaches include investigating impaired mitochondrial pathways for potential therapeutic benefits against AD. Thus, a future therapy for AD may focus on novel candidates that enhance optimal mitochondrial integrity and turnover. Bioactive food components, known as nutraceuticals, may serve as such agents to combat AD. Urolithin A is an intestinal microbe-derived metabolite of a class of polyphenols, ellagitannins (ETs). Urolithin A is known to exert many health benefits. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-Aβ, and pro-mitophagy properties are increasingly recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms of urolithin A in inducing mitophagy is poorly understood. This review discusses the mitophagy deficits in AD and examines potential molecular mechanisms of its activation. Moreover, the current knowledge of urolithin A is discussed, focusing on its neuroprotective properties and its potential to induce mitophagy. Specifically, this review proposes potential mechanisms by which urolithin A may activate and promote mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Pamoda W. Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Harjot Khaira
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Taciana Lunelli
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street., Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9347-4200
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18
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Tracy EP, Hughes W, Beare JE, Rowe G, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Aging-Induced Impairment of Vascular Function: Mitochondrial Redox Contributions and Physiological/Clinical Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:974-1015. [PMID: 34314229 PMCID: PMC8905248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The vasculature responds to the respiratory needs of tissue by modulating luminal diameter through smooth muscle constriction or relaxation. Coronary perfusion, diastolic function, and coronary flow reserve are drastically reduced with aging. This loss of blood flow contributes to and exacerbates pathological processes such as angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery and microvascular disease. Recent Advances: Increased attention has recently been given to defining mechanisms behind aging-mediated loss of vascular function and development of therapeutic strategies to restore youthful vascular responsiveness. The ultimate goal aims at providing new avenues for symptom management, reversal of tissue damage, and preventing or delaying of aging-induced vascular damage and dysfunction in the first place. Critical Issues: Our major objective is to describe how aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction via dysregulated reactive oxygen species production, the clinical impact of this phenomenon, and to discuss emerging therapeutic strategies. Pathological changes in regulation of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative balance (Section 1) and mitochondrial dynamics of fission/fusion (Section 2) have widespread effects on the mechanisms underlying the ability of the vasculature to relax, leading to hyperconstriction with aging. We will focus on flow-mediated dilation, endothelial hyperpolarizing factors (Sections 3 and 4), and adrenergic receptors (Section 5), as outlined in Figure 1. The clinical implications of these changes on major adverse cardiac events and mortality are described (Section 6). Future Directions: We discuss antioxidative therapeutic strategies currently in development to restore mitochondrial redox homeostasis and subsequently vascular function and evaluate their potential clinical impact (Section 7). Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 974-1015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William Hughes
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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19
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Yu X, Su Q, Chang X, Chen K, Yuan P, Liu T, Tian R, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Chen X. Multimodal obstruction of tumorigenic energy supply via bionic nanocarriers for effective tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121181. [PMID: 34653932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sufficient energy generation based on effective transport of nutrient via abundant blood vessels in tumor tissue and subsequent oxidative metabolism in mitochondria is critical for growth, proliferation and migration of tumor. Thus the strategy to cut off this transport pathway (blood vessels) and simultaneously close the power house (mitochondria) is highly desired for tumor treatment. Herein, we fabricated a bionic nanocarrier with core-shell-corona structure to give selective and effective tumor therapy via stepwise destruction of existed tumor vessel, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and dysfunction of tumor mitochondria. The core of this bionic nanocarrier consists of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) and vitamin K2 (VK2) co-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNs), which is in charge of the vasculature destruction and mitochondrial dysfunction after cargos release. The N-tert-butylacrylamide (TBAM) and tri-sulfated N-acetylglucosamine (TSAG) shell served as artificial affinity reagent against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for angiogenesis inhibition. As to guarantee that these actions only happened in tumor, the hyaluronic acid (HA) corona was introduced to endow the nanocarrier with tumor targeting property and stimuli-responsiveness for accurate therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that the CA4P/VK2-MSNs-TBAM/TSAG-HA (CVMMGH for short) nanocarrier combined well-controllable manipulation of tumor vasculature and tumor mitochondria to effectivly cut off the tumorigenic energy supply, which performed significant inhibition of tumor growth, demonstrating the great candidate of our strategy for effective tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qi Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Pingyun Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yongkang Bai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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20
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Janczi T, Meier F, Fehrl Y, Kinne RW, Böhm B, Burkhardt H. A Novel Pro-Inflammatory Mechanosensing Pathway Orchestrated by the Disintegrin Metalloproteinase ADAM15 in Synovial Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102705. [PMID: 34685689 PMCID: PMC8534551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is elicited in cells upon the perception of physical forces transmitted via the extracellular matrix in their surroundings and results in signaling events that impact cellular functions. This physiological process is a prerequisite for maintaining the integrity of diarthrodial joints, while excessive loading is a factor promoting the inflammatory mechanisms of joint destruction. Here, we describe a mechanotransduction pathway in synovial fibroblasts (SF) derived from the synovial membrane of inflamed joints. The functionality of this pathway is completely lost in the absence of the disintegrin metalloproteinase ADAM15 strongly upregulated in SF. The mechanosignaling events involve the Ca2+-dependent activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinases, the subsequent downregulation of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR, and upregulation of the metabolic energy sensor sirtuin-1. This afferent loop of the pathway is facilitated by ADAM15 via promoting the cell membrane density of the constitutively cycling mechanosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 calcium channels. In addition, ADAM15 reinforces the Src-mediated activation of pannexin-1 channels required for the enhanced release of ATP, a mediator of purinergic inflammation, which is increasingly produced upon sirtuin-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janczi
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Florian Meier
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yuliya Fehrl
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Raimund W. Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany;
| | - Beate Böhm
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.J.); (F.M.); (Y.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (H.B.)
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21
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Impact of Dietary Factors on Brugada Syndrome and Long QT Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082482. [PMID: 34444641 PMCID: PMC8401538 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy regime is fundamental for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In inherited channelopathies, such as Brugada syndrome (BrS) and Long QT syndrome (LQTS), unfortunately, sudden cardiac death could be the first sign for patients affected by these syndromes. Several known factors are used to stratify the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias, although none are determinative. The risk factors can be affected by adjusting lifestyle habits, such as a particular diet, impacting the risk of arrhythmogenic events and mortality. To date, the importance of understanding the relationship between diet and inherited channelopathies has been underrated. Therefore, we describe herein the effects of dietary factors on the development of arrhythmia in patients affected by BrS and LQTS. Modifying the diet might not be enough to fully prevent arrhythmias, but it can help lower the risk.
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22
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Kesisova IA, Robinson BP, Spiliotis ET. A septin GTPase scaffold of dynein-dynactin motors triggers retrograde lysosome transport. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211663. [PMID: 33416861 PMCID: PMC7802366 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and signaling functions of lysosomes depend on their intracellular positioning and trafficking, but the underlying mechanisms are little understood. Here, we have discovered a novel septin GTPase-based mechanism for retrograde lysosome transport. We found that septin 9 (SEPT9) associates with lysosomes, promoting the perinuclear localization of lysosomes in a Rab7-independent manner. SEPT9 targeting to mitochondria and peroxisomes is sufficient to recruit dynein and cause perinuclear clustering. We show that SEPT9 interacts with both dynein and dynactin through its GTPase domain and N-terminal extension, respectively. Strikingly, SEPT9 associates preferentially with the dynein intermediate chain (DIC) in its GDP-bound state, which favors dimerization and assembly into septin multimers. In response to oxidative cell stress induced by arsenite, SEPT9 localization to lysosomes is enhanced, promoting the perinuclear clustering of lysosomes. We posit that septins function as GDP-activated scaffolds for the cooperative assembly of dynein-dynactin, providing an alternative mechanism of retrograde lysosome transport at steady state and during cellular adaptation to stress.
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Trisolini L, Laera L, Favia M, Muscella A, Castegna A, Pesce V, Guerra L, De Grassi A, Volpicella M, Pierri CL. Differential Expression of ADP/ATP Carriers as a Biomarker of Metabolic Remodeling and Survival in Kidney Cancers. Biomolecules 2020; 11:38. [PMID: 33396658 PMCID: PMC7824283 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP/ATP carriers (AACs) are mitochondrial transport proteins playing a strategic role in maintaining the respiratory chain activity, fueling the cell with ATP, and also regulating mitochondrial apoptosis. To understand if AACs might represent a new molecular target for cancer treatment, we evaluated AAC expression levels in cancer/normal tissue pairs available on the Tissue Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), observing that AACs are dysregulated in most of the available samples. It was observed that at least two AACs showed a significant differential expression in all the available kidney cancer/normal tissue pairs. Thus, we investigated AAC expression in the corresponding kidney non-cancer (HK2)/cancer (RCC-Shaw and CaKi-1) cell lines, grown in complete medium or serum starvation, for investigating how metabolic alteration induced by different growth conditions might influence AAC expression and resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis initiators, such as "staurosporine" or the AAC highly selective inhibitor "carboxyatractyloside". Our analyses showed that AAC2 and AAC3 transcripts are more expressed than AAC1 in all the investigated kidney cell lines grown in complete medium, whereas serum starvation causes an increase of at least two AAC transcripts in kidney cancer cell lines compared to non-cancer cells. However, the total AAC protein content is decreased in the investigated cancer cell lines, above all in the serum-free medium. The observed decrease in AAC protein content might be responsible for the decrease of OXPHOS activity and for the observed lowered sensitivity to mitochondrial apoptosis induced by staurosporine or carboxyatractyloside. Notably, the cumulative probability of the survival of kidney cancer patients seriously decreases with the decrease of AAC1 expression in KIRC and KIRP tissues making AAC1 a possible new biomarker of metabolic remodeling and survival in kidney cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Trisolini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Luna Laera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
- BROWSer S.r.l. c/o, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
- BROWSer S.r.l. c/o, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Miro, a Rho GTPase genetically interacts with Alzheimer's disease-associated genes ( Tau, Aβ42 and Appl) in Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio049569. [PMID: 32747449 PMCID: PMC7489762 DOI: 10.1242/bio.049569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Miro (mitochondrial Rho GTPases), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, facilitates mitochondrial axonal transport along the microtubules to facilitate neuronal function. It plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) and cellular energy generation. Thus, Miro might be associated with the key pathologies of several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present manuscript, we have demonstrated the possible genetic interaction between Miro and AD-related genes such as Tau, Aβ42 and Appl in Drosophila melanogaster Ectopic expression of Tau, Aβ42 and Appl induced a rough eye phenotype, defects in phototaxis and climbing activity, and shortened lifespan in the flies. In our study, we have observed that overexpression of Miro improves the rough eye phenotype, behavioral activities (climbing and phototaxis) and ATP level in AD model flies. Further, the improvement examined in AD-related phenotypes was correlated with decreased oxidative stress, cell death and neurodegeneration in Miro overexpressing AD model flies. Thus, the obtained results suggested that Miro genetically interacts with AD-related genes in Drosophila and has the potential to be used as a therapeutic target for the design of therapeutic strategies for NDs.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
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Bhattacharya D, Scimè A. Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:480. [PMID: 32612995 PMCID: PMC7308489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Bhattacharya
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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High Levels of ROS Impair Lysosomal Acidity and Autophagy Flux in Glucose-Deprived Fibroblasts by Activating ATM and Erk Pathways. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050761. [PMID: 32414146 PMCID: PMC7277562 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under glucose deprivation, cells heavily mobilize oxidative phosphorylation to maintain energy homeostasis. This leads to the generation of high levels of ATP, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), from mitochondria. In nutrient starvation, autophagy is activated, likely to facilitate resource recycling, but recent studies suggest that autophagy flux is inhibited in cells undergoing glucose deprivation. In this study, we analyzed the status of autophagic flux in glucose-deprived human fibroblasts. Although lysosomes increased in quantity due in part to an increase of biogenesis, a large population of them suffered low acidity in the glucose-deprived cells. Autophagosomes also accumulated due to poor autolysis in these cells. A treatment of antioxidants not only restored lysosomal acidity but also released the flux blockade. The inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase, which is activated by ROS, also attenuated the impairment of lysosomal acidity and autophagic flux, suggesting an effect of ROS that might be mediated through ATM activation. In addition, the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) increased upon glucose deprivation, but this was also compromised by a treatment of antioxidants. Furthermore, the Erk inhibitor treatment also alleviated the failure in lysosomal acidity and autophagic flux. These together indicate that, upon glucose deprivation, cells undergo a failure of autophagy flux through an impairment of lysosomal acidity and that a high-level ROS-induced activation of Erk and ATM is involved in this impairment.
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27
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Cherkas A, Holota S, Mdzinarashvili T, Gabbianelli R, Zarkovic N. Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020140. [PMID: 32033390 PMCID: PMC7070274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A human organism depends on stable glucose blood levels in order to maintain its metabolic needs. Glucose is considered to be the most important energy source, and glycolysis is postulated as a backbone pathway. However, when the glucose supply is limited, ketone bodies and amino acids can be used to produce enough ATP. In contrast, for the functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) glucose is essential and cannot be substituted by other metabolites. The PPP generates and maintains the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) needed for the reduction in oxidized glutathione and protein thiols, the synthesis of lipids and DNA as well as for xenobiotic detoxification, regulatory redox signaling and counteracting infections. The flux of glucose into a PPP—particularly under extreme oxidative and toxic challenges—is critical for survival, whereas the glycolytic pathway is primarily activated when glucose is abundant, and there is lack of NADP+ that is required for the activation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. An important role of glycogen stores in resistance to oxidative challenges is discussed. Current evidences explain the disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences of chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload, and provide new insights into the positive metabolic effects of intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet through modulation of redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Cherkas
- Department of Internal Medicine # 1, Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Tamaz Mdzinarashvili
- Institute of Medical and Applied Biophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0128 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Institute “Rudjer Boskovic”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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28
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Oettmeier C, Döbereiner HG. Mitochondrial numbers increase during glucose deprivation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1647-1655. [PMID: 31267225 PMCID: PMC6820597 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucose deprivation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum leads to a specific morphotype, a highly motile mesoplasmodium. We investigated the ultrastructure of both mesoplasmodia and non-starved plasmodia and found significantly increased numbers of mitochondria in glucose-deprived mesoplasmodia. The volume of individual mitochondria was the same in both growth forms. We conjecture that the number of mitochondria correlates with the metabolic state of the cell: When glucose is absent, the slime mold is forced to switch to different metabolic pathways, which occur inside mitochondria. Furthermore, a catabolic cue (such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)) could stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Oettmeier
- Institut für Biophysik, Universität Bremen, NW1 Raum N4260, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Döbereiner
- Institut für Biophysik, Universität Bremen, NW1 Raum O4040, Postfach 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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29
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Song SB, Park JS, Chung GJ, Lee IH, Hwang ES. Diverse therapeutic efficacies and more diverse mechanisms of nicotinamide. Metabolomics 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31587111 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many diseases and conditions. The target conditions are incredibly diverse ranging from skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid to schizophrenia and depression and even AIDS. Similar diversity is expected for the underlying mechanisms. In a large portion of the conditions, NAM conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be a major factor in its efficacy. The augmentation of cellular NAD+ level not only modulates mitochondrial production of ATP and superoxide, but also activates many enzymes. Activated sirtuin proteins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, play important roles in many of NAM's effects such as an increase in mitochondrial quality and cell viability countering neuronal damages and metabolic diseases. Meanwhile, certain observed effects are mediated by NAM itself. However, our understanding on the mechanisms of NAM's effects is limited to those involving certain key proteins and may even be inaccurate in some proposed cases. AIM OF REVIEW This review details the conditions that NAM has been shown to or is expected to effectively treat in humans and animals and evaluates the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms, with the intention of promoting wider, safe therapeutic application of NAM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NAM, by itself or through altering metabolic balance of NAD+ and tryptophan, modulates mitochondrial function and activities of many molecules and thereby positively affects cell viability and metabolic functions. And, NAM administration appears to be quite safe with limited possibility of side effects which are related to NAM's metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu June Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kang L, Dong W, Ruan Y, Zhang R, Wang X. The Molecular Mechanism of Sirt1 Signaling Pathway in Brain Injury of Newborn Rats Exposed to Hyperoxia. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1854-1860. [PMID: 31527356 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the reactive oxygen species (ROS), Sirt1, p53 and acetylated p53 in brain tissue of newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia to clarify the role of Sirt1 signaling pathway in brain injury. Neonate rats were randomly divided into normoxic group and hyperoxic group. Rats in the normoxic group were exposed to room air while the rats in the hyperoxic group were put in a hyperoxic chamber (80 ± 5% oxygen) for 1 to 14 d. Data, including weight growth, the water content of brain tissue, hematoxyline and eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (Tunel) stain, ROS expression, the relative expression of Sirt1 mRNA and p53 mRNA, and the protein relative expression of Sirt1, p53 and acetylated p53 were analyzed at 1, 7 and 14 d after exposure. A reduced body weight and increased water content were observed in the brain tissue of hyperoxic group compared to normoxic group. HE staining and Tunel staining of brain tissue suggested that cell damaged after hyperoxic exposure. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that the expression of Sirt1 in the hyperoxic group was lower than that in the normoxic group while the expression of p53 was higher than that in the normoxic group. In addition, Western blot data indicated acetylated p53 expression was higher in the hyperoxic group. Hyperoxic exposure can lead to brain injury in newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. These events might be regulated by the Sirt1 pathway, which downregulated the deacetylation of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Kang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.,Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Ying Ruan
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Xingyong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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31
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Khan M, Ullah R, Rehman SU, Shah SA, Saeed K, Muhammad T, Park HY, Jo MH, Choe K, Rutten BPF, Kim MO. 17β-Estradiol Modulates SIRT1 and Halts Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cognitive Impairment in a Male Aging Mouse Model. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080928. [PMID: 31430865 PMCID: PMC6721687 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been considered the main mediator in neurodegenerative disease and in normal aging processes. Several studies have reported that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation result in cellular malfunction. These conditions lead to neuronal cell death in aging-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease. Chronic administration of d-galactose (d-gal) for a period of 10 weeks causes ROS generation and neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to cognitive impairment. In this study, we evaluated the estrogen receptor α (ERα)/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)-dependent antioxidant efficacy of 17β-estradiol against d-gal-induced oxidative damage-mediated cognitive dysfunction in a male mouse model. The results indicate that 17β-estradiol, by stimulating ERα/SIRT1, halts d-gal-induced oxidative stress–mediated JNK/NF-ҡB overexpression, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, 17β-estradiol ameliorated d-gal-induced AD-like pathophysiology, synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment in adult mouse brains. Interestingly, inhibition of SIRT1 with Ex527 (a potent and selective SIRT1 inhibitor) further enhanced d-gal-induced toxicity and abolished the beneficial effect of 17β-estradiol. Most importantly, for the first time, our molecular docking study reveals that 17β-estradiol allosterically increases the expression of SIRT1 and abolishes the inhibitory potential of d-ga. In summary, we can conclude that 17β-estradiol, in an ERα/SIRT1-dependent manner, abrogates d-gal-induced oxidative stress–mediated memory impairment, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Khan
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Medical Center (MUMC+), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Medical Center (MUMC+), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Medical Center (MUMC+), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are best known as the sites for production of respiratory ATP and are essential for eukaryotic life. They have their own genome but the great majority of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and are imported into the mitochondria. The mitochondria participate in critical central metabolic pathways and they are fully integrated into the intracellular signalling networks that regulate diverse cellular functions. It is not surprising then that mitochondrial defects or dysregulation have emerged as having key roles in ageing and in the cytopathological mechanisms underlying cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases. This special issue contains 12 publications—nine review articles and three original research articles. They cover diverse areas of mitochondrial biology and function and how defects in these areas can lead to disease. In addition, the articles in this issue highlight how model organisms have contributed to our understanding of these processes.
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Song HY, Chien CS, Yarmishyn AA, Chou SJ, Yang YP, Wang ML, Wang CY, Leu HB, Yu WC, Chang YL, Chiou SH. Generation of GLA-Knockout Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines to Model Autophagic Dysfunction and Exosome Secretion in Fabry Disease-Associated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040327. [PMID: 30965672 PMCID: PMC6523555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a wide range of systemic symptoms; it is particularly associated with cardiovascular and renal problems. Enzyme replacement therapy and pharmacological chaperone migalastat are the only approved and effective treatment strategies for FD patients. It is well documented that alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme activity deficiency causes globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation, which plays a crucial role in the etiology of FD. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear, and the lack of a reliable and powerful disease model is an obstacle. In this study, we created such a model by using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of GLA gene to knockout its expression in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The cardiomyocytes differentiated from these hESCs (GLA-null CMs) were characterized by the accumulation of Gb3 and significant increases of cell surface area, the landmarks of FD-associated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, we used mass spectrometry to compare the proteomes of GLA-null CMs and parental wild type CMs and found that the Rab GTPases involved in exocytotic vesicle release were significantly downregulated. This caused impairment of autophagic flux and protein turnover, resulting in an increase of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. To summarize, we established a FD model which can be used as a promising tool to study human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a physiologically and pathologically relevant manner and to develop new therapies by targeting Rab GTPases signaling-related exosomal vesicles transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yung Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Aliaksandr A Yarmishyn
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergent Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11574, Taiwan.
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