1
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Lei D, Chen T, Fan C, Xie Q. Exposure to BaA inhibits trophoblast cell invasion and induces miscarriage by regulating the DEC1/ARHGAP5 axis and promoting ubiquitination-mediated degradation of MMP2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135594. [PMID: 39191013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Benz[a]anthracene (BaA), a hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon classified by the EPA, is a probable reproductive toxicant. Epidemiological studies suggest that BaA exposure may be a risk factor for recurrent miscarriage (RM). However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study identified DEC1 as a key gene through RNA-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. DEC1 expression was found to be downregulated in villous tissues from women with RM and in primary extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) exposed to BaA. BaA suppressed DEC1 expression by promoting abnormal methylation patterns. Further analysis revealed that ARHGAP5 is a direct target of DEC1 in EVTs, where DEC1 inhibits trophoblast invasion by directly regulating ARHGAP5 transcription. Additionally, BaA destabilized matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and promoting E3 ubiquitin ligase MID1-mediated degradation. In a mouse model, BaA induced miscarriage by modulating the DEC1/ARHGAP5 and MID1/MMP2 axes. Notably, BaA-induced miscarriage in mice was prevented by DEC1 overexpression or MID1 knockdown. These findings indicate that BaA exposure leads to miscarriage by suppressing the DEC1/ARHGAP5 pathway and enhancing the MID1/MMP2 pathway in human EVTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lei
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Cuifang Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qingzhen Xie
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
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2
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Zhang D, Hugo W, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Kim W, Han K, Vinters HV, Heaney AP. Cabergoline targets multiple pathways to inhibit PRL secretion and increases stromal fibrosis. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:467-478. [PMID: 38781434 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unravel the potential mechanism(s) of the on- and off-target actions of dopamine agonist therapy in both human prolactinoma tumors and neighboring stromal and immune cells. DESIGN AND METHODS Five surgically resected prolactinomas (PRLomas) from 3 cabergoline (CBG)-treated patients and 2 treatment-naive patients were analyzed by using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to compare the cellular composition and transcriptional landscape. RESULTS Six major cell populations, namely tumor (88.2%), immune (5.6%), stromal (4.9%), progenitor cells (0.6%), proliferating cells (0.4%), and erythrocytes (0.2%), were observed. Tumor cells from CBG-treated patients expressed lower levels of genes that regulated hormone secretion, such as SCG2, VGF, TIMP1, NNAT, and CALD1, consistent with the inhibitory effects of CBG on hormone processing and secretion. Interestingly, we also observed an increased number of CD8+ T cells in the CBG-treated tissues. These cytotoxic CD8+ T cells expressed killing granule components such as perforin and the granzymes GZMB, GNLY, and KLRD1 as well as the inflammatory cytokine CCL5. Immune cell activation of these CD8+ T cells was further analyzed in a compartment-specific manner, and increased CD25 (IL2R) expression was noted in the CD8+ T cells from the CBG-treated samples. Additionally, and confirming prior reports, we noted a higher stromal cell population in the CBG-treated samples. CONCLUSIONS Our scRNA-seq studies revealed key differences in the transcriptomic features of CBG-treated and CBG-untreated PRLomas in both tumor and microenvironment cellular constituents, and for the first time, describe the previously unknown activation of CD8+ T cells following CBG treatment, which may play a role in the tumoricidal actions of CBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Willy Hugo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marvin Bergsneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karam Han
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony P Heaney
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Sunde J, Wasickanin M, Katz TA, Gillette L, Bidadi S, O’Neil D, Masand R, Burney RO, Pennington KA. The uterine secretome initiates growth of gynecologic tissues in ectopic locations. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292978. [PMID: 38728307 PMCID: PMC11086859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosalpingiosis (ES) and endometriosis (EM) refer to the growth of tubal and endometrial epithelium respectively, outside of their site of origin. We hypothesize that uterine secretome factors drive ectopic growth. To test this, we developed a mouse model of ES and EM using tdTomato (tdT) transgenic fluorescent mice as donors. To block implantation factors, progesterone knockout (PKO) tdT mice were created. Fluorescent lesions were present after oviduct implantation with and without WT endometrium. Implantation was increased (p<0.05) when tdt oviductal tissue was implanted with endometrium compared to oviductal tissue alone. Implantation was reduced (p<0.0005) in animals implanted with minced tdT oviductal tissue with PKO tdT endometrium compared to WT endometrium. Finally, oviductal tissues was incubated with and without a known implantation factor, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) prior to and during implantation. LIF promoted lesion implantation. In conclusion, endometrial derived implantation factors, such as LIF, are necessary to initiate ectopic tissue growth. We have developed an animal model of ectopic growth of gynecologic tissues in a WT mouse which will potentially allow for development of new prevention and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sunde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Morgan Wasickanin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
| | - Tiffany A. Katz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Laurel Gillette
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
| | - Sanam Bidadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Derek O’Neil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ramya Masand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Richard O. Burney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Pennington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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4
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Sharma R, Kalot R, Levin Y, Babayeva S, Kachurina N, Chung CF, Liu KJ, Bouchard M, Torban E. The CPLANE protein Fuzzy regulates ciliogenesis by suppressing actin polymerization at the base of the primary cilium via p190A RhoGAP. Development 2024; 151:dev202322. [PMID: 38546045 PMCID: PMC11006408 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The primary cilium decorates most eukaryotic cells and regulates tissue morphogenesis and maintenance. Structural or functional defects of primary cilium result in ciliopathies, congenital human disorders affecting multiple organs. Pathogenic variants in the ciliogenesis and planar cell polarity effectors (CPLANE) genes FUZZY, INTU and WDPCP disturb ciliogenesis, causing severe ciliopathies in humans and mice. Here, we show that the loss of Fuzzy in mice results in defects of primary cilia, accompanied by increased RhoA activity and excessive actin polymerization at the basal body. We discovered that, mechanistically, Fuzzy interacts with and recruits the negative actin regulator ARHGAP35 (also known as p190A RhoGAP) to the basal body. We identified genetic interactions between the two genes and found that a mutant ArhGAP35 allele increases the severity of phenotypic defects observed in Fuzzy-/- mice. Based on our findings, we propose that Fuzzy regulates ciliogenesis by recruiting ARHGAP35 to the basal body, where the latter likely restricts actin polymerization and modifies the actin network. Our study identifies a mechanism whereby CPLANE proteins control both actin polymerization and primary cilium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhythm Sharma
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Rita Kalot
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Yossef Levin
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Sima Babayeva
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Nadezda Kachurina
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Chen-Feng Chung
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine of the McGill University,McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
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5
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Kannan A, Chaurasiya DK, Naganathan AN. Conflicting Interfacial Electrostatic Interactions as a Design Principle to Modulate Long-Range Interdomain Communication. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:53-67. [PMID: 38404745 PMCID: PMC10885104 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The extent and molecular basis of interdomain communication in multidomain proteins, central to understanding allostery and function, is an open question. One simple evolutionary strategy could involve the selection of either conflicting or favorable electrostatic interactions across the interface of two closely spaced domains to tune the magnitude of interdomain connectivity. Here, we study a bilobed domain FF34 from the eukaryotic p190A RhoGAP protein to explore one such design principle that mediates interdomain communication. We find that while the individual structural units in wild-type FF34 are marginally coupled, they exhibit distinct intrinsic stabilities and low cooperativity, manifesting as slow folding. The FF3-FF4 interface harbors a frustrated network of highly conserved electrostatic interactions-a charge troika-that promotes the population of multiple, decoupled, and non-native structural modes on a rugged native landscape. Perturbing this network via a charge-reversal mutation not only enhances stability and cooperativity but also dampens the fluctuations globally and speeds up the folding rate by at least an order of magnitude. Our work highlights how a conserved but nonoptimal network of interfacial electrostatic interactions shapes the native ensemble of a bilobed protein, a feature that could be exploited in designing molecular systems with long-range connectivity and enhanced cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithi Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology,
Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar Chaurasiya
- Department of Biotechnology,
Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Athi N. Naganathan
- Department of Biotechnology,
Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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6
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Yang Z, Zhang S, Xiong J, Xia T, Zhu R, Miao M, Li K, Chen W, Zhang L, You Y, You B. The m 6A demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 aggravate the malignant progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by coregulating ARHGAP35. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:43. [PMID: 38263362 PMCID: PMC10806234 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an RNA modification that can be removed by demethylases [fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5)], which regulate gene expression and cell function. We show that m6A levels and m6A demethylase levels are altered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues vs. normal tissues. High FTO and ALKBH5 predict a poor prognosis in NPC patients. Silencing FTO and ALKBH5 inhibited the malignant behavior of patient-derived NPC cells in a short time. However, as time progressed, the inhibitory effect of FTO or ALKBH5 was weakened, and the cosilencing of FTO and ALKBH5 maintained a better inhibitory effect. Combined transcriptome and m6A-seq analysis revealed a downstream target gene that was jointly regulated by FTO and ALKBH5 in NPC, and ARHGAP35 was chosen to do further study. The synergistic silencing of FTO and ALKBH5 increased the methylation level on the mRNA CDS of a new transcription factor (ARHGAP35) and positively regulate the protein coding capacity and mRNA stability of ARHGAP35, thus leading to increased expression of ARHGAP35 and inhibition of the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. Our study revealed that the growth and metastasis of NPC can be stably inhibited through synergistic silencing of the demethylases FTO and ALKBH5, which play a positive role in the treatment of NPC by regulating the downstream transcript ARHGAP35 and increasing its m6A level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiayan Xiong
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengyu Miao
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Keying Li
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenyue Chen
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yiwen You
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Bo You
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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7
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Ouyang H, Wu S, Li W, Grey MJ, Wu W, Hansen SH. p120 RasGAP and ZO-2 are essential for Hippo signaling and tumor-suppressor function mediated by p190A RhoGAP. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113486. [PMID: 37995182 PMCID: PMC10809936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP35, which encodes p190A RhoGAP (p190A), is a major cancer gene. p190A is a tumor suppressor that activates the Hippo pathway. p190A was originally cloned via direct binding to p120 RasGAP (RasGAP). Here, we determine that interaction of p190A with the tight-junction-associated protein ZO-2 is dependent on RasGAP. We establish that both RasGAP and ZO-2 are necessary for p190A to activate large tumor-suppressor (LATS) kinases, elicit mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, promote contact inhibition of cell proliferation, and suppress tumorigenesis. Moreover, RasGAP and ZO-2 are required for transcriptional modulation by p190A. Finally, we demonstrate that low ARHGAP35 expression is associated with shorter survival in patients with high, but not low, transcript levels of TJP2 encoding ZO-2. Hence, we define a tumor-suppressor interactome of p190A that includes ZO-2, an established constituent of the Hippo pathway, and RasGAP, which, despite strong association with Ras signaling, is essential for p190A to activate LATS kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Ouyang
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wangji Li
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Grey
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenchao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Steen H Hansen
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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8
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Levay MK, Throm L, Bahrami N, Wieland T. The Muscarinic Acetylcholine M 2 Receptor-Induced Nitration of p190A by eNOS Increases RhoA Activity in Cardiac Myocytes. Cells 2023; 12:2432. [PMID: 37887276 PMCID: PMC10605742 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
p190RhoGAP, which exists in two paralogs, p190RhoGAP-A (p190A) and p190RhoGAP-B (p190B), is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) contributing to the regulation of the cellular activity of RhoGTPases. Recent data showed that M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2R) stimulation in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCM) induces the binding of p190RhoGAP to the long isoform of the regulator of G protein signaling 3 (RGS3L). This complex formation alters the substrate preference of p190RhoGAP from RhoA to Rac1. By analyzing carbachol-stimulated GAP activity, we show herein that p190A, but not p190B, alters its substrate preference in NRCM. Based on data that the RhoGAP activity of p190A in endothelial cells is diminished upon nitration by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived peroxynitrite, we studied whether carbachol-induced NO/peroxynitrite formation contributes to the carbachol-induced RhoA activation in NRCM. Interestingly, the carbachol-induced RhoA activation in NRCM was suppressed by the eNOS-preferring inhibitor L-NIO as well as the non-selective NOS inhibitor L-NAME. Using L-NIO, we firstly verified the carbachol-induced NO production concurrent with eNOS activation and, secondly, the carbachol-induced nitration of p190A in NRCM. By co-immunoprecipitation, the carbachol-induced complex formation of eNOS, p190A, RGS3L and caveolin-3 was detected. We thus conclude that the NO production by M2R-induced eNOS activation in caveolae in NRCM is required for the nitration of p190A, leading to the binding to RGS3L and the change in substrate preference from RhoA to Rac1. In line with this interpretation, the disruption of caveolae in NRCM by methyl-β-cyclodextrin suppressed carbachol-induced RhoA activation in NRCM to a similar extent as the inhibition of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna K. Levay
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (M.K.L.); (L.T.); (N.B.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lena Throm
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (M.K.L.); (L.T.); (N.B.)
| | - Nabil Bahrami
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (M.K.L.); (L.T.); (N.B.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (M.K.L.); (L.T.); (N.B.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Di Matteo G, Cimbalo A, Manyes L, Mannina L. Beauvericin Immunotoxicity Prevention by Gentiana lutea L. Flower In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:538. [PMID: 37755964 PMCID: PMC10535299 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA) is an emerging mycotoxin produced by some species of Fusarium genera that widely contaminates food and feed. Gentiana lutea is a protected medicinal plant known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds. In order to evaluate the beneficial effects of G. lutea flower against BEA cytotoxicity, the aim of this study is to evaluate changes in protein expression after Jurkat cell exposure through a proteomics approach. To carry out the experiment, cells were exposed to intestinally digested G. lutea flower alone or in combination with the BEA standard (100 nM) over 7 days. Differentially expressed proteins were statistically evaluated (p < 0.05), revealing a total of 172 proteins with respect to the control in cells exposed to the BEA standard, 145 proteins for G. lutea alone, and 139 proteins when exposing the cells to the combined exposure. Bioinformatic analysis revealed processes implicated in mitochondria, ATP-related activity, and RNA binding. After careful analysis of differentially expressed proteins, it was evident that G. lutea attenuated, in most cases, the negative effects of BEA. Furthermore, it decreased the presence of major oncoproteins involved in the modulation of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Di Matteo
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
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10
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Cheng J, Li G, Wang W, Stovall DB, Sui G, Li D. Circular RNAs with protein-coding ability in oncogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188909. [PMID: 37172651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As ubiquitously expressed transcripts in eukaryotes, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed and lack a 5'-cap and 3'-polyadenylation (poly (A)) tail. Initially, circRNAs were considered non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and their roles as sponging molecules to adsorb microRNAs have been extensively reported. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs could encode functional polypeptides through the initiation of translation mediated by internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) or N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In this review, we collectively discuss the biogenesis, cognate mRNA products, regulatory mechanisms, aberrant expression and biological phenotypes or clinical relevance of all currently reported, cancer-relevant protein-coding circRNAs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive overview of circRNA-encoded proteins and their physiological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenmeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Daniel B Stovall
- College of Arts and Sciences, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, United States
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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11
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Ouyang H, Li W, Hansen SH. p120 RasGAP and ZO-2 are essential for Hippo signaling and tumor suppressor function mediated by p190A RhoGAP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541483. [PMID: 37292741 PMCID: PMC10245842 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ARHGAP35 , which encodes p190A RhoGAP (p190A), is a major cancer gene. p190A is a tumor suppressor that activates the Hippo pathway. p190A was originally cloned via direct binding to p120 RasGAP (RasGAP). Here, we determine that a novel interaction of p190A with the tight junction-associated protein ZO-2 is dependent on RasGAP. We establish that both RasGAP and ZO-2 are necessary for p190A to activate LATS kinases, elicit mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, promote contact inhibition of cell proliferation and suppress tumorigenesis. Moreover, RasGAP and ZO-2 are required for transcriptional modulation by p190A. Finally, we demonstrate that low ARHGAP35 expression is associated with shorter survival in patients with high, but not low, transcript levels of TJP2 encoding ZO-2. Hence, we define a tumor suppressor interactome of p190A that includes ZO-2, an established constituent of the Hippo pathway, and RasGAP, which despite strong association with Ras signaling, is essential for p190A to activate LATS kinases.
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12
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Reis LM, Chassaing N, Bardakjian T, Thompson S, Schneider A, Semina EV. ARHGAP35 is a novel factor disrupted in human developmental eye phenotypes. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:363-367. [PMID: 36450800 PMCID: PMC9995503 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP35 has known roles in cell migration, invasion and division, neuronal morphogenesis, and gene/mRNA regulation; prior studies indicate a role in cancer in humans and in the developing eyes, neural tissue, and renal structures in mice. We identified damaging variants in ARHGAP35 in five individuals from four families affected with anophthalmia, microphthalmia, coloboma and/or anterior segment dysgenesis disorders, together with variable non-ocular phenotypes in some families including renal, neurological, or cardiac anomalies. Three variants affected the extreme C-terminus of the protein, with two resulting in a frameshift and C-terminal extension and the other a missense change in the Rho-GAP domain; the fourth (nonsense) variant affected the middle of the gene and is the only allele predicted to undergo nonsense-mediated decay. This study implicates ARHGAP35 in human developmental eye phenotypes. C-terminal clustering of the identified alleles indicates a possible common mechanism for ocular disease but requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Platerforme AURAGEN, Lyon, France
| | | | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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13
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Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. Structure Determination of SH2-Phosphopeptide Complexes by X-Ray Crystallography: The Example of p120RasGAP. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2705:77-89. [PMID: 37668970 PMCID: PMC11059313 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3393-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The p120RasGAP protein contains two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, each with phosphotyrosine-binding activity. We describe the crystallization of the isolated and purified p120RasGAP SH2 domains with phosphopeptides derived from a binding partner protein, p190RhoGAP. Purified recombinant SH2 domain protein is mixed with synthetic phosphopeptide at a stoichiometric ratio to form the complex in vitro. Crystallization is then achieved by the hanging drop vapor diffusion method over specific reservoir solutions that yield single macromolecular co-crystals containing SH2 domain protein and phosphopeptide. This protocol yields suitable crystals for X-ray diffraction studies, and our recent X-ray crystallography studies of the two SH2 domains of p120RasGAP demonstrate that the N-terminal SH2 domain binds phosphopeptide in a canonical interaction. In contrast, the C-terminal SH2 domain binds phosphopeptide via a unique atypical binding mode. The crystallographic studies for p120RasGAP illustrate that although the three-dimensional structure of SH2 domains and the molecular details of their binding to phosphotyrosine peptides are well defined, careful structural analysis can continue to yield new molecular-level insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Héraud C, Pinault M, Neaud V, Saltel F, Lagrée V, Moreau V. Identification of an inhibitory domain in GTPase-activating protein p190RhoGAP responsible for masking its functional GAP domain. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102792. [PMID: 36516886 PMCID: PMC9840978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase-activating protein (GAP) p190RhoGAP (p190A) is encoded by ARHGAP35 which is found mutated in cancers. p190A is a negative regulator of the GTPase RhoA in cells and must be targeted to RhoA-dependent actin-based structures to fulfill its roles. We previously identified a functional region of p190A called the PLS (protrusion localization sequence) required for localization of p190A to lamellipodia but also for regulating the GAP activity of p190A. Additional effects of the PLS region on p190A localization and activity need further characterization. Here, we demonstrated that the PLS is required to target p190A to invadosomes. Cellular expression of a p190A construct devoid of the PLS (p190AΔPLS) favored RhoA inactivation in a stronger manner than WT p190A, suggesting that the PLS is an autoinhibitory domain of p190A GAP activity. To decipher this mechanism, we searched for PLS-interacting proteins using a two-hybrid screen. We found that the PLS can interact with p190A itself. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the PLS interacts with a region in close proximity to the GAP domain. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this interaction is abolished if the PLS harbors cancer-associated mutations: the S866F point mutation and the Δ865-870 deletion. Our results are in favor of defining PLS as an inhibitory domain responsible for masking the p190A functional GAP domain. Thus, p190A could exist in cells under two forms: an inactive closed conformation with a masked GAP domain and an open conformation allowing p190A GAP function. Altogether, our data unveil a new mechanism of p190A regulation.
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15
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Kunduri G, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Lipid Polarization during Cytokinesis. Cells 2022; 11:3977. [PMID: 36552741 PMCID: PMC9776629 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. Additionally, the spatial distribution and organization of these lipids dramatically change in response to various cellular states, such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Division of one cell into two daughter cells is one of the most fundamental requirements for the sustenance of growth in all living organisms. The successful completion of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division, is critically dependent on the spatial distribution and organization of specific lipids. In this review, we discuss the properties of various lipid species associated with cytokinesis and the mechanisms involved in their polarization, including forward trafficking, endocytic recycling, local synthesis, and cortical flow models. The differences in lipid species requirements and distribution in mitotic vs. male meiotic cells will be discussed. We will concentrate on sphingolipids and phosphatidylinositols because their transbilayer organization and movement may be linked via the cytoskeleton and thus critically regulate various steps of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Kunduri
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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16
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Lippincott MF, Xu W, Smith AA, Miao X, Lafont A, Shennib O, Farley GJ, Sabbagh R, Delaney A, Stamou M, Plummer L, Salnikov K, Georgopoulos NA, Mericq V, Quinton R, Mau-Them FT, Nambot S, Hamad A, Brittain H, Tooze RS, Calpena E, Wilkie AOM, Willems M, Crowley WF, Balasubramanian R, Lamarche-Vane N, Davis EE, Seminara SB. The p190 RhoGAPs, ARHGAP35, and ARHGAP5 are implicated in GnRH neuronal development: Evidence from patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, zebrafish, and in vitro GAP activity assay. Genet Med 2022; 24:2501-2515. [PMID: 36178483 PMCID: PMC9730938 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to identify novel genes for idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). METHODS A cohort of 1387 probands with IHH underwent exome sequencing and de novo, familial, and cohort-wide investigations. Functional studies were performed on 2 p190 Rho GTPase-activating proteins (p190 RhoGAP), ARHGAP35 and ARHGAP5, which involved in vivo modeling in larval zebrafish and an in vitro p190A-GAP activity assay. RESULTS Rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs; n = 5) and missense variants in the RhoGAP domain (n = 7) in ARHGAP35 were identified in IHH cases (rare variant enrichment: PTV [unadjusted P = 3.1E-06] and missense [adjusted P = 4.9E-03] vs controls). Zebrafish modeling using gnrh3:egfp phenotype assessment showed that mutant larvae with deficient arhgap35a, the predominant ARHGAP35 paralog in the zebrafish brain, display decreased GnRH3-GFP+ neuronal area, a readout for IHH. In vitro GAP activity studies showed that 1 rare missense variant [ARHGAP35 p.(Arg1284Trp)] had decreased GAP activity. Rare PTVs (n = 2) also were discovered in ARHGAP5, a paralog of ARHGAP35; however, arhgap5 zebrafish mutants did not display significant GnRH3-GFP+ abnormalities. CONCLUSION This study identified ARHGAP35 as a new autosomal dominant genetic driver for IHH and ARHGAP5 as a candidate gene for IHH. These observations suggest a novel role for the p190 RhoGAP proteins in GnRH neuronal development and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanxue Xu
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Abigail A Smith
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agathe Lafont
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Omar Shennib
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Gordon J Farley
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Riwa Sabbagh
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Angela Delaney
- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maria Stamou
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lacey Plummer
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn Salnikov
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Neoklis A Georgopoulos
- Division of Endocrinology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Veronica Mericq
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil (IDIMI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard Quinton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- Functional Unit 6254 Innovation in Genomic Diagnosis of Rare Diseases, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement Et Syndrome Malformatifs » de L'Est, Hôpital D'Enfants, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Asma Hamad
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brittain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca S Tooze
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Medical Genetic Department for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Reference Center AD SOOR, AnDDI-RARE, Groupe DI, Inserm U1298, INM, Montpellier University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erica E Davis
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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17
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Li J, Guan W, Ren W, Liu Z, Wu H, Chen Y, Liu S, Quan X, Yang Z, Jiang C, He J, Xiao X, Ye Q. Longitudinal genomic alternations and clonal dynamics analysis of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Neoplasia 2022; 30:100811. [PMID: 35661532 PMCID: PMC9166384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare gastrointestinal melanoma with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. The standard of care for PMME has not been established yet due to a lack of understanding of its clinical and molecular pathogenesis. Thus, we performed genomic profiling on a recurrent PMME case to seek novel opportunities for the management of this rare disease. Between 2013 and 2016, 6 tissue samples including 3 from the primary tumors, 2 from the relapsed tumors, and 1 from a normal control were collected from a patient diagnosed with PMME and were subjected to whole-exome sequencing to track the dynamic genetic changes. Additionally, we also analyzed a cohort of 398 samples obtained from the TCGA skin cutanesous melanoma (TCGA-SKCM) dataset to assess the frequency and determine the clinical implications of genomic events found in the presented study. ARHGAP35 (p.L1022M) was the only mutation shared across temporal PMME lesions. The PMME samples showed higher levels of genetic instability and intra-tumor heterogeneity. They also shared several concordant copy number variations (CNV). All lesions were concordant with the evolution trajectory, and shrinkage of the founding clone caused the subclonal population to become dominant in PT1c, which was likely the reason behind metastatic seeding. ARHGAP35 mutations were found in 6% of the TCGA-SKCM cohort samples. The presence of the mutations was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) by both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Our study showed that the primary tumor clone disseminates earlier in PMME. This highlights the need to understand the mechanism involved in the early PMME recurrence to optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- The Precision Medicine Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenyan Guan
- The Pathology Department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ren
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- The Precision Medicine Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- The Pathology Department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- The Precision Medicine Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- The Precision Medicine Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Chong Jiang
- The Nuclear Medicine Department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian He
- The Nuclear Medicine Department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Qing Ye
- The Precision Medicine Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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18
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Silverwood SM, Lagstein A, Risinger JI, Gressel G. Evaluation of a Patient With Non-Myoinvasive Uterine Serous Carcinoma Confined to a Polyp and Positive Peritoneal Washings With Somatic ARHGAP35 and KRAS Mutations. Cureus 2022; 14:e26663. [PMID: 35949786 PMCID: PMC9357428 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the application of peritoneal washings as a diagnostic tool for endometrial cancer staging is not well defined. The case described aims to highlight the current ambiguity surrounding the use of peritoneal washings in clinical practice. A 69-year-old G3P3003 presented to her gynecologist with complaints of new-onset heavy vaginal bleeding. The patient sought an endometrial biopsy, which suggested serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC) focally suspicious for invasive carcinoma, with the involvement of polyps. Based on these results, a robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral sentinel lymph node dissection, and omentectomy were performed. Results from her final pathology exhibited a stage IA uterine serous carcinoma (USC) involving a polyp (4.2 cm in greatest dimension) with no myometrial or lymphovascular invasion, but washings were positive for adenocarcinoma. Based on her family history of malignancy, the patient underwent germline panel testing. The patient's somatic tumor testing demonstrated proficient DNA mismatch repair status, microsatellite stability, low tumor mutational burden (4 mut/Mb), low loss of heterozygosity (9%), amplification of the ERBB2 (HER2/neu) gene by both immunohistochemistry (3+, 20% positive) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Her tumor also had weakly positive estrogen receptor expression (1+, 10% positive); furthermore, some pathogenic variants in KRAS (c.37G>T), PIK3CA (c.263G>A), and TP53 (c.743G>A) were identified. Given the incongruent findings found with the positive peritoneal washing and negative lymph node involvement in addition to molecular testing, management for this patient was unclear. Ultimately, this case highlights a number of advances within the field of gynecological oncology but also emphasizes the persistent ambiguity and incongruency in the management of patients with early-stage high-risk histologies. Moving forward it will become increasingly important to be able to develop a more standardized process to assess how these diagnostic tools should inform prognosis and treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M Silverwood
- Medical Education, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, USA
| | - Amir Lagstein
- Pathology, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, USA
| | - John I Risinger
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, USA
| | - Gregory Gressel
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, USA
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19
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Moon S, Hwang S, Kim B, Lee S, Kim H, Lee G, Hong K, Song H, Choi Y. Hippo Signaling in the Endometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073852. [PMID: 35409214 PMCID: PMC8998929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterus is essential for embryo implantation and fetal development. During the estrous cycle, the uterine endometrium undergoes dramatic remodeling to prepare for pregnancy. Angiogenesis is an essential biological process in endometrial remodeling. Steroid hormones regulate the series of events that occur during such remodeling. Researchers have investigated the potential factors, including angiofactors, involved in endometrial remodeling. The Hippo signaling pathway discovered in the 21st century, plays important roles in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation and cell death. However, its role in the endometrium remains unclear. In this review, we describe the female reproductive system and its association with the Hippo signaling pathway, as well as novel Hippo pathway genes and potential target genes.
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20
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Nath AS, Parsons BD, Makdissi S, Chilvers RL, Mu Y, Weaver CM, Euodia I, Fitze KA, Long J, Scur M, Mackenzie DP, Makrigiannis AP, Pichaud N, Boudreau LH, Simmonds AJ, Webber CA, Derfalvi B, Hammon Y, Rachubinski RA, Di Cara F. Modulation of the cell membrane lipid milieu by peroxisomal β-oxidation induces Rho1 signaling to trigger inflammatory responses. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110433. [PMID: 35235794 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, signal transduction, and inflammatory responses require changes in lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes have key roles in fatty acid homeostasis and in regulating immune function. We find that Drosophila macrophages lacking peroxisomes have perturbed lipid profiles, which reduce host survival after infection. Using lipidomic, transcriptomic, and genetic screens, we determine that peroxisomes contribute to the cell membrane glycerophospholipid composition necessary to induce Rho1-dependent signals, which drive cytoskeletal remodeling during macrophage activation. Loss of peroxisome function increases membrane phosphatidic acid (PA) and recruits RhoGAPp190 during infection, inhibiting Rho1-mediated responses. Peroxisome-glycerophospholipid-Rho1 signaling also controls cytoskeleton remodeling in mouse immune cells. While high levels of PA in cells without peroxisomes inhibit inflammatory phenotypes, large numbers of peroxisomes and low amounts of cell membrane PA are features of immune cells from patients with inflammatory Kawasaki disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Our findings reveal potential metabolic markers and therapeutic targets for immune diseases and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu S Nath
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Brendon D Parsons
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Makdissi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Chilvers
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Yizhu Mu
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Ceileigh M Weaver
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Irene Euodia
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Katherine A Fitze
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Juyang Long
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Duncan P Mackenzie
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Université de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Université de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- University of Alberta, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Christine A Webber
- University of Alberta, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Beata Derfalvi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Yannick Hammon
- INSERM au Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | | | - Francesca Di Cara
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada; Dalhousie University, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
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CdGAP promotes prostate cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1042. [PMID: 34493786 PMCID: PMC8423782 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High mortality of prostate cancer patients is primarily due to metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms controlling metastatic processes remains essential to develop novel therapies designed to prevent the progression from localized disease to metastasis. CdGAP plays important roles in the control of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, which are central to cancer progression. Here we show that elevated CdGAP expression is associated with early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Knockdown of CdGAP in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells reduces cell motility, invasion, and proliferation while inducing apoptosis in CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CdGAP in DU-145, 22Rv1, and LNCaP cells increases cell migration and invasion. Using global gene expression approaches, we found that CdGAP regulates the expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Subcutaneous injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells into mice shows a delayed tumor initiation and attenuated tumor growth. Orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastasic burden. Collectively, these findings support a pro-oncogenic role of CdGAP in prostate tumorigenesis and unveil CdGAP as a potential biomarker and target for prostate cancer treatments. Mehra et al. investigate the role of CdGAP in early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer. The authors find that knocking down CdGAP leads to reduced cell motility, invasion and proliferation in PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells while orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastatic burden.
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Comprehensive molecular profiling of UV-induced metastatic melanoma in Nme1/Nme2-deficient mice reveals novel markers of survival in human patients. Oncogene 2021; 40:6329-6342. [PMID: 34433909 PMCID: PMC8595820 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor-overexpressing mice that harbor a deletion of the Ink4a/p16 locus (HP mice) form melanomas with low metastatic potential in response to UV irradiation. Here we report that these tumors become highly metastatic following hemizygous deletion of the Nme1 and Nme2 metastasis suppressor genes (HPN mice). Whole genome sequencing of melanomas from HPN mice revealed a striking increase in lung metastatic activity that is associated with missense mutations in eight signature genes (Arhgap35, Atp8b4, Brca1, Ift172, Kif21b, Nckap5, Pcdha2 and Zfp869). RNA-seq analysis of transcriptomes from HP and HPN primary melanomas identified a 32-gene signature (HPN lung metastasis signature) for which decreased expression is strongly associated with lung metastatic potential. Analysis of transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed expression profiles of these genes that predict improved survival of patients with cutaneous or uveal melanoma. Silencing of three representative HPN lung metastasis signature genes (ARRDC3, NYNRIN, RND3) in human melanoma cells resulted in increased invasive activity, consistent with roles for these genes as mediators of the metastasis suppressor function of NME1 and NME2. In conclusion, our studies have identified a family of genes that mediate suppression of melanoma lung metastasis, and which may serve as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for clinical management of metastatic melanoma.
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High-throughput sequencing identified circular RNA circUBE2K mediating RhoA associated bladder cancer phenotype via regulation of miR-516b-5p/ARHGAP5 axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:719. [PMID: 34285193 PMCID: PMC8292476 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is known as a common and lethal urinary malignancy worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), an emerging non-coding RNA, participate in carcinogenesis process of several cancers including BC. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and RT-qPCR were applied to discover and validate abnormal high expression of circUBE2K in BC tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect hsa_circ_0009154 (circUBE2K) expression and subcellular localization in BC tissues. High circUBE2K predicted unfavorable prognoses in BCs, as well as correlated with clinical features. CCK8, transwell, EdU and wound healing assays demonstrated down-regulating circUBE2K decreased BC cell phenotype as proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. Further studies showed that circUBE2K promoted BC progression via sponging miR-516b-5p and enhancing ARHGAP5 expression through regulating RhoA activity. Dual-luciferase reporter, FISH and RNA pulldown assays were employed to verify the relationships among circUBE2K/miR-516b-5p/ARHGAP5/RhoA axis. Down-regulating miR-516b-5p or overexpressing ARHGAP5 restored RhoA activity mediated BC cell properties after silencing circUBE2K. Subcutaneous xenograft and metastasis model identified circUBE2K significantly increased BC cell metastasis and proliferation in-vivo. Taken together, we found that circUBE2K is a tumor-promoting circRNA in BC that functions as a ceRNA to regulate ARHGAP5 expression via sponging miR-516b-5p.
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Proteomic Analysis Unveils Expressional Changes in Cytoskeleton- and Synaptic Plasticity-Associated Proteins in Rat Brain Six Months after Withdrawal from Morphine. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070683. [PMID: 34357055 PMCID: PMC8304287 DOI: 10.3390/life11070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug withdrawal is associated with abstinence symptoms including deficits in cognitive functions that may persist even after prolonged discontinuation of drug intake. Cognitive deficits are, at least partially, caused by alterations in synaptic plasticity but the precise molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully identified. In the present study, changes in proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of selected brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum) from rats abstaining for six months after cessation of chronic treatment with morphine were determined by label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomic analysis. Interestingly, prolonged morphine withdrawal was found to be associated especially with alterations in protein phosphorylation and to a lesser extent in protein expression. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis revealed enrichment in biological processes related to synaptic plasticity, cytoskeleton organization, and GTPase activity. More specifically, significant changes were observed in proteins localized in synaptic vesicles (e.g., synapsin-1, SV2a, Rab3a), in the active zone of the presynaptic nerve terminal (e.g., Bassoon, Piccolo, Rims1), and in the postsynaptic density (e.g., cadherin 13, catenins, Arhgap35, Shank3, Arhgef7). Other differentially phosphorylated proteins were associated with microtubule dynamics (microtubule-associated proteins, Tppp, collapsin response mediator proteins) and the actin–spectrin network (e.g., spectrins, adducins, band 4.1-like protein 1). Taken together, a six-month morphine withdrawal was manifested by significant alterations in the phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. The altered phosphorylation patterns modulating the function of synaptic proteins may contribute to long-term neuroadaptations induced by drug use and withdrawal.
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Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhao K, Zhang J, Yang C, Chen Y. Comprehensive Analysis of the Transcriptome-Wide m6A Methylome in Pterygium by MeRIP Sequencing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670528. [PMID: 34249924 PMCID: PMC8267473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease, which is affected by a variety of factors. Invasion of the cornea can cause severe vision loss. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic mRNA, which can regulate mRNA splicing, stability, nuclear transport, and translation. To our best knowledge, there is no current research on the mechanism of m6A in pterygium. Methods We obtained 24 pterygium tissues and 24 conjunctival tissues from each of 24 pterygium patients recruited from Shanghai Yangpu Hospital, and the level of m6A modification was detected using an m6A RNA Methylation Quantification Kit. Expression and location of METTL3, a key m6A methyltransferase, were identified by immunostaining. Then we used m6A-modified RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and bioinformatics analyses to compare the differential expression of m6A methylation in pterygium and normal conjunctival tissue. Results We identified 2,949 dysregulated m6A peaks in pterygium tissue, of which 2,145 were significantly upregulated and 804 were significantly downregulated. The altered m6A peak of genes were found to play a key role in the Hippo signaling pathway and endocytosis. Joint analyses of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data identified 72 hypermethylated m6A peaks and 15 hypomethylated m6A peaks in mRNA. After analyzing the differentially methylated m6A peaks and synchronously differentially expressed genes, we searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified five genes related to the development of pterygium (DSP, MXRA5, ARHGAP35, TMEM43, and OLFML2A). Conclusion Our research shows that m6A modification plays an important role in the development of pterygium and can be used as a potential new target for the treatment of pterygium in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rho GTPase Signaling in Health and Disease: A Complex Signaling Network. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020401. [PMID: 33669198 PMCID: PMC7919817 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Matsuda J, Asano-Matsuda K, Kitzler TM, Takano T. Rho GTPase regulatory proteins in podocytes. Kidney Int 2020; 99:336-345. [PMID: 33122025 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases (Rho GTPases) are the master regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and consist of 22 members. Previous studies implicated dysregulation of Rho GTPases in podocytes in the pathogenesis of proteinuric glomerular diseases. Rho GTPases are primarily regulated by the three families of proteins; guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs; 82 members), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs; 69 members), and GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs; 3 members). Since the regulatory proteins far outnumber their substrate Rho GTPases and act in concert in a cell/context-dependent manner, the upstream regulatory mechanism directing Rho GTPases in podocytes is largely unknown. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the role of Rho GTPase regulatory proteins in podocytes, including the known mutations of these proteins that cause proteinuria in humans. We also provide critical appraisal of the in vivo and in vitro studies and identify the knowledge gap in the field that will require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Matsuda
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kana Asano-Matsuda
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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p190A inactivating mutations cause aberrant RhoA activation and promote malignant transformation via the Hippo-YAP pathway in endometrial cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:81. [PMID: 32457342 PMCID: PMC7250911 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of GTPases is strictly regulated by a large family of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that stimulate the relatively weak intrinsic GTP-hydrolyzing activity of Rho GTPases. p190A is a potent and widely expressed GAP that acts on RhoA GTPases. p190A is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer, but the contribution of p190A mutations to endometrial tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we identified that p190A is an upstream regulator of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, which is a critical regulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell fate. p190A knockout in endometrial cancer cells promoted cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which were partially dependent on YAP activation. Wild-type p190A, but not endometrial cancer-associated mutants, suppressed the nuclear localization, transcriptional activity, and malignant transformation function of YAP. Moreover, the nuclear localization of YAP was enhanced in p190A-mutated endometrial cancer. These findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms underlying Hippo-YAP pathway-driven endometrial tumorigenesis and elucidate the potential for therapy targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway in p190A-mutated endometrial cancer.
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29
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Tian T, Chen ZH, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Qiu H, Long Q, Chen M, Li L, Xie F, Luo G, Wu X, Deng W. Investigation of the role and mechanism of ARHGAP5-mediated colorectal cancer metastasis. Theranostics 2020; 10:5998-6010. [PMID: 32483433 PMCID: PMC7254992 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a lethal disease; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear and require further study. Methods: RNA-Seq, PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, ChIP and RNAi assays were performed to investigate Rho GTPase-activating protein 5 (ARHGAP5, aslo known as p190RhoGAP-B, p190-B) expression and the clinical relevance, functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of this protein using human CRC cells and tissues. In vivo, two cell-based xenograft models were used to evaluate the roles of ARHGAP5 in CRC metastasis. Results: Here, we report that ARHGAP5 expression is significantly increased in metastatic CRC tissues and is inversely associated with patient overall survival. The suppression of ARHGAP5 reduces CRC cell metastasis in vitro and in cell-based xenograft models. Furthermore, we show that ARHGAP5 promotes CRC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by negatively regulating RhoA activity. Mechanistically, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB1) transcriptionally upregulates ARHGAP5 expression, and decreased miR-137 further contributes to ARHGAP5 mRNA stability in CRC. Conclusions: Overall, our study highlights the crucial function of ARHGAP5 in CRC metastasis, thus suggesting novel prognostic biomarkers and hypothetical therapeutic targets.
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Rho GTPase Regulators and Effectors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Animal Models and Insights for Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040835. [PMID: 32244264 PMCID: PMC7226772 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family GTPases are small G proteins that act as molecular switches shuttling between active and inactive forms. Rho GTPases are regulated by two classes of regulatory proteins, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Rho GTPases transduce the upstream signals to downstream effectors, thus regulating diverse cellular processes, such as growth, migration, adhesion, and differentiation. In particular, Rho GTPases play essential roles in regulating neuronal morphology and function. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of Rho GTPase signaling contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been found that 20 genes encoding Rho GTPase regulators and effectors are listed as ASD risk genes by Simons foundation autism research initiative (SFARI). This review summarizes the clinical evidence, protein structure, and protein expression pattern of these 20 genes. Moreover, ASD-related behavioral phenotypes in animal models of these genes are reviewed, and the therapeutic approaches that show successful treatment effects in these animal models are discussed.
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Jaber Chehayeb R, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. Crystal structures of p120RasGAP N-terminal SH2 domain in its apo form and in complex with a p190RhoGAP phosphotyrosine peptide. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226113. [PMID: 31891593 PMCID: PMC6938330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho and Ras pathways play vital roles in cell growth, division and motility. Cross-talk between the pathways amplifies their roles in cell proliferation and motility and its dysregulation is involved in disease pathogenesis. One important interaction for cross-talk occurs between p120RasGAP (RASA1), a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Ras, and p190RhoGAP (p190RhoGAP-A, ARHGAP35), a GAP for Rho. The binding of these proteins is primarily mediated by two SH2 domains within p120RasGAP engaging phosphorylated tyrosines of p190RhoGAP, of which the best studied is pTyr-1105. To better understand the interaction between p120RasGAP and p190RhoGAP, we determined the 1.75 Å X-ray crystal structure of the N-terminal SH2 domain of p120RasGAP in the unliganded form, and its 1.6 Å co-crystal structure in complex with a synthesized phosphotyrosine peptide, EEENI(p-Tyr)SVPHDST, corresponding to residues 1100–1112 of p190RhoGAP. We find that the N-terminal SH2 domain of p120RhoGAP has the characteristic SH2 fold encompassing a central beta-sheet flanked by two alpha-helices, and that peptide binding stabilizes specific conformations of the βE-βF loop and arginine residues R212 and R231. Site-directed mutagenesis and native gel shifts confirm phosphotyrosine binding through the conserved FLVR motif arginine residue R207, and isothermal titration calorimetry finds a dissociation constant of 0.3 ± 0.1 μM between the phosphopeptide and SH2 domain. These results demonstrate that the major interaction between two important GAP proteins, p120RasGAP and p190RhoGAP, is mediated by a canonical SH2-pTyr interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jaber Chehayeb
- Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Meningitic Escherichia coli Induction of ANGPTL4 in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Contributes to Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via ARHGAP5/RhoA/MYL5 Signaling Cascade. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040254. [PMID: 31766605 PMCID: PMC6963727 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is currently recognized as one of the most important life-threatening infections of the central nervous system (CNS) with high morbidity and mortality, despite the advancements in antimicrobial treatment. The disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB) induced by meningitis bacteria is crucial for the development of bacterial meningitis. However, the complete mechanisms involving in the BBB disruption remain to be elucidated. Here, we found meningitic Escherichia coli induction of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) contributes to BBB disruption via ARHGAP5/RhoA/MYL5 signaling cascade, by the demonstration that ANGPTL4 was significantly upregulated in meningitis E. coli infection of BMECs as well as mice, and treatment of the recombinant ANGPTL4 protein led to an increased permeability of the BBB in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that ANGPTL4 did not affect the expression of tight junction proteins involved in BBB disruption, but it increased the expression of MYL5, which was found to have a negative role on the regulation of barrier function during meningitic E. coli infection, through the activation of RhoA signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the disruption of BBB induced by ANGPTL4 through the ARHGAP5/RhoA/MYL5 pathway, which largely supports the involvement of ANGPTL4 during meningitic E. coli invasion and further expands the theoretical basis for the mechanism of bacterial meningitis.
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