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Tong Z, Yin Z. Distribution, contribution and regulation of nestin + cells. J Adv Res 2024; 61:47-63. [PMID: 37648021 PMCID: PMC11258671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nestin is an intermediate filament first reported in neuroepithelial stem cells. Nestin expression could be found in a variety of tissues throughout all systems of the body, especially during tissue development and tissue regeneration processes. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to summarize and discuss current studies on the distribution, contribution and regulation of nestin+ cells in different systems of the body, to discuss the feasibility ofusing nestin as a marker of multilineage stem/progenitor cells, and better understand the potential roles of nestin+ cells in tissue development, regeneration and pathological processes. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review highlights the potential of nestin as a marker of multilineage stem/progenitor cells, and as a key factor in tissue development and tissue regeneration. The article discussed the current findings, limitations, and potential clinical implications or applications of nestin+ cells. Additionally, it included the relationship of nestin+ cells to other cell populations. We propose potential future research directions to encourage further investigation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Tong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Zolfaghari Baghbadorani P, Rayati Damavandi A, Moradi S, Ahmadi M, Bemani P, Aria H, Mottedayyen H, Rayati Damavandi A, Eskandari N, Fathi F. Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:613-633. [PMID: 36496351 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvrd, Vesal Shirazi St., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi
- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Chamran Blvrd., Hormozgan 7919693116, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Zand St., Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Ibn Sina Sq., Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hossein Mottedayyen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ravandi Blvrd, Isfahan, Kashan 8715988141, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rayati Damavandi
- Student's Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yakhchal St., Tehran 193951498, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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3
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Ding L, Chu W, Xia Y, Shi M, Li T, Zhou FQ, Deng DYB. UCHL1 facilitates protein aggregates clearance to enhance neural stem cell activation in spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:479. [PMID: 37507386 PMCID: PMC10382505 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is greatly significant for the adult neurogenesis; however, it is extremely limited in the spinal cord after injury. Recent evidence suggests that accumulation of protein aggregates impairs the ability of quiescent NSCs to activate. Ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase l-1 (UCHL1), an important deubiquitinating enzyme, plays critical roles in protein aggregations clearance, but its effects on NSC activation remains unknown. Here, we show that UCHL1 promotes NSC activation by clearing protein aggregates through ubiquitin-proteasome approach. Upregulation of UCHL1 facilitated the proliferation of spinal cord NSCs after spinal cord injury (SCI). Based on protein microarray analysis of SCI cerebrospinal fluid, it is further revealed that C3+ neurotoxic reactive astrocytes negatively regulated UCHL1 and proteasome activity via C3/C3aR signaling, led to increased abundances of protein aggregations and decreased NSC proliferation. Furthermore, blockade of reactive astrocytes or C3/C3aR pathway enhanced NSC activation post-SCI by reserving UCHL1 and proteasome functions. Together, this study elucidated a mechanism regulating NSC activation in the adult spinal cord involving the UCHL1-proteasome approach, which may provide potential molecular targets and new insights for NSC fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Tian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA.
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - David Y B Deng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Li J, Luo W, Xiao C, Zhao J, Xiang C, Liu W, Gu R. Recent advances in endogenous neural stem/progenitor cell manipulation for spinal cord injury repair. Theranostics 2023; 13:3966-3987. [PMID: 37554275 PMCID: PMC10405838 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe neurological impairments. Clinically available treatments are quite limited, with unsatisfactory remediation effects. Residing endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (eNSPCs) tend to differentiate towards astrocytes, leaving only a small fraction towards oligodendrocytes and even fewer towards neurons; this has been suggested as one of the reasons for the failure of autonomous neuronal regeneration. Thus, finding ways to recruit and facilitate the differentiation of eNSPCs towards neurons has been considered a promising strategy for the noninvasive and immune-compatible treatment of SCI. The present manuscript first introduces the responses of eNSPCs after exogenous interventions to boost endogenous neurogenesis in various SCI models. Then, we focus on state-of-art manipulation approaches that enhance the intrinsic neurogenesis capacity and reconstruct the hostile microenvironment, mainly consisting of pharmacological treatments, stem cell-derived exosome administration, gene therapy, functional scaffold implantation, inflammation regulation, and inhibitory element delineation. Facing the extremely complex situation of SCI, combined treatments are also highlighted to provide more clues for future relevant investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
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Nakagomi T, Nakano-Doi A, Kubo S, Sawano T, Kuramoto Y, Yamahara K, Matsuyama T, Takagi T, Doe N, Yoshimura S. Transplantation of Human Brain-Derived Ischemia-Induced Multipotent Stem Cells Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction in Mice After Stroke. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023:7177376. [PMID: 37221140 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that injury/ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) develop within post-stroke human brains. Because iSCs are stem cells induced under pathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, the use of human brain-derived iSCs (h-iSCs) may represent a novel therapy for stroke patients. We performed a preclinical study by transplanting h-iSCs transcranially into post-stroke mouse brains 6 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Compared with PBS-treated controls, h-iSC transplantation significantly improved neurological function. To identify the underlying mechanism, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled h-iSCs were transplanted into post-stroke mouse brains. Immunohistochemistry revealed that GFP+ h-iSCs survived around the ischemic areas and some differentiated into mature neuronal cells. To determine the effect on endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) by h-iSC transplantation, mCherry-labeled h-iSCs were administered to Nestin-GFP transgenic mice which were subjected to MCAO. As a result, many GFP+ NSPCs were observed around the injured sites compared with controls, indicating that mCherry+ h-iSCs activate GFP+ endogenous NSPCs. In support of these findings, coculture studies revealed that the presence of h-iSCs promotes the proliferation of endogenous NSPCs and increases neurogenesis. In addition, coculture experiments indicated neuronal network formation between h-iSC- and NSPC-derived neurons. These results suggest that h-iSCs exert positive effects on neural regeneration through not only neural replacement by grafted cells but also neurogenesis by activated endogenous NSPCs. Thus, h-iSCs have the potential to be a novel source of cell therapy for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuji Kubo
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sawano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Yoji Kuramoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamahara
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Doe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University (Kobe Campus), Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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6
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Yu H, Yang S, Li H, Wu R, Lai B, Zheng Q. Activating Endogenous Neurogenesis for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Neurospine 2023; 20:164-180. [PMID: 37016865 PMCID: PMC10080446 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2245184.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), endogenous neural stem cells are activated and migrate to the injury site where they differentiate into astrocytes, but they rarely differentiate into neurons. It is difficult for brain-derived information to be transmitted through the injury site after SCI because of the lack of neurons that can relay neural information through the injury site, and the functional recovery of adult mammals is difficult to achieve. The development of bioactive materials, tissue engineering, stem cell therapy, and physiotherapy has provided new strategies for the treatment of SCI and shown broad application prospects, such as promoting endogenous neurogenesis after SCI. In this review, we focus on novel approaches including tissue engineering, stem cell technology, and physiotherapy to promote endogenous neurogenesis and their therapeutic effects on SCI. Moreover, we explore the mechanisms and challenges of endogenous neurogenesis for the repair of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangbin Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rongjie Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Biqin Lai
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Co-corresponding Author Biqin Lai Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding Author Qiujian Zheng Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Zhang S, Cui K, Cao L, Fan Y, Fang B. miR-872-5p/FOXO3a/Wnt signaling feed-forward loop promotes proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22760. [PMID: 36607643 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200962rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is considered an important mechanism of neural repair after mechanical spinal cord injury; however, whether endogenous NSC proliferation can also occur after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to verify the existence of endogenous NSC proliferation after SCIRI and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. NSC proliferation was observed after SCIRI in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) in vitro, accompanied by a decrease in forkhead box protein O 3a (FOXO3a) expression. This downward trend was regulated by the increased expression of microRNA-872-5p (miR-872-5p). miR-872-5p affected NSC proliferation by targeting FOXO3a to increase the expression of β-catenin and T-cell factor 4 (TCF4). In addition, TCF4 in turn acted as a transcription factor to increase the expression level of miR-872-5p, and knockdown of FOXO3a enhanced the binding of TCF4 to the miR-872-5p promoter. In conclusion, SCIRI in vivo and OGD/R in vitro stimulated the miR-872-5p/FOXO3a/β-catenin-TCF4 pathway, thereby promoting NSC proliferation. At the same time, FOXO3a affected TCF4 transcription factor activity and miR-872-5p expression, forming a positive feedback loop that promotes NSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoqiong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaile Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linyan Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiting Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sun Z, Zhao H, Fang D, Davis CT, Shi DS, Lei K, Rich BE, Winter JM, Guo L, Sorensen LK, Pryor RJ, Zhu N, Lu S, Dickey LL, Doty DJ, Tong Z, Thomas KR, Mueller AL, Grossmann AH, Zhang B, Lane TE, Fujinami RS, Odelberg SJ, Zhu W. Neuroinflammatory disease disrupts the blood-CNS barrier via crosstalk between proinflammatory and endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition signaling. Neuron 2022; 110:3106-3120.e7. [PMID: 35961320 PMCID: PMC9547934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of the blood-central nervous system barrier (BCNSB) is a hallmark of many neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) occurs in the CNS before the onset of clinical symptoms and plays a major role in the breakdown of BCNSB function. EndoMT can be induced by an IL-1β-stimulated signaling pathway in which activation of the small GTPase ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) leads to crosstalk with the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-SMAD1/5 pathway. Inhibiting the activation of ARF6 both prevents and reverses EndoMT, stabilizes BCNSB function, reduces demyelination, and attenuates symptoms even after the establishment of severe EAE, without immunocompromising the host. Pan-inhibition of ALKs also reduces disease severity in the EAE model. Therefore, multiple components of the IL-1β-ARF6-ALK-SMAD1/5 pathway could be targeted for the treatment of a variety of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglou Sun
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Helong Zhao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel Fang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chadwick T Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dallas S Shi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kachon Lei
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bianca E Rich
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Li Guo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lise K Sorensen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert J Pryor
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nina Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Samuel Lu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Laura L Dickey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel J Doty
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kirk R Thomas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Baowei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Navigen Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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9
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Guglielmo M, Marta B. Stem Cells and the Microenvironment: Reciprocity with Asymmetry in Regenerative Medicine. Acta Biotheor 2022; 70:24. [PMID: 35962861 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-022-09448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Much of the current research in regenerative medicine concentrates on stem-cell therapy that exploits the regenerative capacities of stem cells when injected into different types of human tissues. Although new therapeutic paths have been opened up by induced pluripotent cells and human mesenchymal cells, the rate of success is still low and mainly due to the difficulties of managing cell proliferation and differentiation, giving rise to non-controlled stem cell differentiation that ultimately leads to cancer. Despite being still far from becoming a reality, these studies highlight the role of physical and biological constraints (e.g., cues and morphogenetic fields) placed by tissue microenvironment on stem cell fate. This asks for a clarification of the coupling of stem cells and microenvironmental factors in regenerative medicine. We argue that extracellular matrix and stem cells have a causal reciprocal and asymmetric relationship in that the 3D organization and composition of the extracellular matrix establish a spatial, temporal, and mechanical control over the fate of stem cells, which enable them to interact and control (as well as be controlled by) the cellular components and soluble factors of microenvironment. Such an account clarifies the notions of stemness and stem cell regeneration consistently with that of microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Militello Guglielmo
- IAS-Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Bertolaso Marta
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Institute of Scientific and Technological Practice, Rome, Italy
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10
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Kuramoto Y, Takagi T, Takeda Y, Rajbhandari S, Yoshida Y, Nakagomi T, Yoshimura S. Identification of novel multipotent stem cells in mouse spinal cord following traumatic injury. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:555-568. [PMID: 35708107 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed that injury-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) emerge in the brain after stroke. These brain-derived iSCs (B-iSCs) can differentiate into various lineages, including neurons. This study aimed to determine whether similar stem cells can be induced even after non-ischemic injuries, such as trauma to the spinal cord. We characterized these cells, mainly focusing on their stemness, multipotency, and neuronal differentiation activities. Spinal cord injury was produced using forceps in adult mice. On day 3 after spinal cord injury, samples were obtained from the injured areas. Spinal cord sections were subjected to histological analyses. Cells were isolated and assessed for proliferative activities, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, FACS, and microarray analysis. Although nerve cell morphology was disrupted within the injured spinal cord, our histological observations revealed the presence of cells expressing stem cells, such as nestin and Sox2 in these areas. In addition, cells extracted from injured areas exhibited high proliferative abilities. These cells also expressed markers of both neural stem cells (e.g., nestin, Sox2) and multipotent stem cells (e.g., Sox2, c-myc, Klf4). They differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, as well as neuronal cells. Microarray analysis further identified similar properties between spinal cord (SC)-derived iSCs and B-iSCs. However, SC-iSCs revealed specific genes related to the regulation of stemness and neurogenesis. We identified similar features related to multipotency in SC-iSCs compared to B-iSCs, including neuronal differentiation potential. Although the differences between SC-iSCs and B-iSCs remain largely undetermined, the present study shows that iSCs can develop even after non-ischemic injuries such as trauma. This phenomenon can occur outside the brain within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kuramoto
- Hyogo College of Medicine, 12818, Neurosurgery, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan, 663-8501;
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Hyogo College of Medicine, 12818, Neurosurgery, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Yuki Takeda
- Hyogo College of Medicine, 12818, Neurosurgery, Nishinomiya, Japan;
| | | | - Yasunori Yoshida
- Hyogo College of Medicine, 12818, Neurosurgery, Nishinomiya, Japan;
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Hyogo College of Medicine, 12818, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Hyogo College of Medicine, 12818, Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Hyogo College of Medicine, 12818, Neurosurgery, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Hyogo College of Medicine, 12818, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan;
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11
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Havelikova K, Smejkalova B, Jendelova P. Neurogenesis as a Tool for Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073728. [PMID: 35409088 PMCID: PMC8998995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a devastating medical condition with no effective treatment. One approach to SCI treatment may be provided by stem cells (SCs). Studies have mainly focused on the transplantation of exogenous SCs, but the induction of endogenous SCs has also been considered as an alternative. While the differentiation potential of neural stem cells in the brain neurogenic regions has been known for decades, there are ongoing debates regarding the multipotent differentiation potential of the ependymal cells of the central canal in the spinal cord (SCECs). Following spinal cord insult, SCECs start to proliferate and differentiate mostly into astrocytes and partly into oligodendrocytes, but not into neurons. However, there are several approaches concerning how to increase neurogenesis in the injured spinal cord, which are discussed in this review. The potential treatment approaches include drug administration, the reduction of neuroinflammation, neuromodulation with physical factors and in vivo reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Havelikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (B.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Smejkalova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (B.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (B.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-24-106-2828
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12
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Nishie H, Nakano-Doi A, Sawano T, Nakagomi T. Establishment of a Reproducible Ischemic Stroke Model in Nestin-GFP Mice with High Survival Rates. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312997. [PMID: 34884811 PMCID: PMC8657611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An accumulation of evidence shows that endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are activated following brain injury such as that suffered during ischemic stroke. To understand the expression patterns of these cells, researchers have developed mice that express an NSPC marker, Nestin, which is detectable by specific reporters such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), i.e., Nestin-GFP mice. However, the genetic background of most transgenic mice, including Nestin-GFP mice, comes from the C57BL/6 strain. Because mice from this background strain have many cerebral arterial branches and collateral vessels, they are accompanied by several major problems including variable ischemic areas and high mortality when subjected to ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In contrast, CB-17 wild-type mice are free from these problems. Therefore, with the aim of overcoming the aforementioned defects, we first crossed Nestin-GFP mice (C57BL/6 background) with CB-17 wild-type mice and then developed Nestin-GFP mice (CB-17 background) by further backcrossing the generated hybrid mice with CB-17 wild-type mice. Subsequently, we investigated the phenotypes of the established Nestin-GFP mice (CB-17 background) following MCA occlusion; these mice had fewer blood vessels around the MCA compared with the number of blood vessels in Nestin-GFP mice (C57BL/6 background). In addition, TTC staining showed that infarcted volume was variable in Nestin-GFP mice (C57BL/6 background) but highly reproducible in Nestin-GFP mice (CB-17 background). In a further investigation of mice survival rates up to 28 days after MCA occlusion, all Nestin-GFP mice (CB-17 background) survived the period, whereas Nestin-GFP mice (C57BL/6 background) frequently died within 1 week and exhibited a higher mortality rate. Immunohistochemistry analysis of Nestin-GFP mice (CB-17 background) showed that GFP+ cells were mainly obverted in not only conventional neurogenic areas, including the subventricular zone (SVZ), but also ischemic areas. In vitro, cells isolated from the ischemic areas and the SVZ formed GFP+ neurosphere-like cell clusters that gave rise to various neural lineages including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. However, microarray analysis of these cells and genetic mapping experiments by Nestin-CreERT2 Line4 mice crossed with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter mice (Nestin promoter-driven YFP-expressing mice) indicated that cells with NSPC activities in the ischemic areas and the SVZ had different characteristics and origins. These results show that the expression patterns and fate of GFP+ cells with NSPC activities can be precisely investigated over a long period in Nestin-GFP mice (CB-17 background), which is not necessarily possible with Nestin-GFP mice (C57BL/6 background). Thus, Nestin-GFP mice (CB-17 background) could become a useful tool with which to investigate the mechanism of neurogenesis via the aforementioned cells under pathological conditions such as following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nishie
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (H.N.); (A.N.-D.)
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (H.N.); (A.N.-D.)
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sawano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (H.N.); (A.N.-D.)
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-6821; Fax: +81-798-45-6823
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13
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Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Mitsiadou D, Petratos S, Damianidou O, Boziki M, Chatzidimitriou A, Grigoriadis N. Lumbar spine intrathecal transplantation of neural precursor cells promotes oligodendrocyte proliferation in hot spots of chronic demyelination. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13040. [PMID: 34845781 PMCID: PMC9245942 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a basic and reliable model used to study clinical and pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) in rodents. Several studies suggest neural precursor cells (NPCs) as a significant research tool while reporting that transplanted NPCs are a promising therapeutic approach to treating neurological disorders, such as MS. The main objective was to approach a preclinical, in vivo scenario of oligodendrogenesis with NPCs, targeting the main chronic demyelinated lumbosacral milieu of EAE, via the least invasive delivery method which is lumbar puncture. We utilized MOG35‐55 peptide to induce EAE in C57BL/6 mice and prior to the acute relapse, we intervened with either the traceable GFP+ cellular therapy or saline solution in the intrathecal space of their lumbar spine. A BrdU injection, which enabled us to monitor endogenous proliferation, marked the endpoint 50 days post‐induction (50 dpi). Neuropathology with high‐throughput, triple immunofluorescent, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data were extracted and analyzed. The experimental treatment attenuated the chronic phase of EAE (50 dpi; score <1) following an acute, clinical relapse. Myelination and axonal integrity were rescued in the NPC‐treated animals along with suppressed immune populations. The differentiation profile of the exogenous NPCs and endogenous BrdU+ cells was location‐dependent where GFP+‐rich areas drove undifferentiated phenotypes toward the oligodendrocyte lineage. In situ oligodendrocyte enrichment was demonstrated through increased (p < 0.001) gap junction channels of Cx32 and Cx47, reliable markers for proliferative oligodendroglia syncytium. TEM morphometric analysis ultimately manifested an increased g‐ratio in lumbosacral fibers of the recovered animals (p < 0.001). Herein, we suggest that a single, lumbar intrathecal administration of NPCs capacitated a viable cellular load and resulted in clinical and pathological amelioration, stimulating resident OPCs to overcome the remyelination failure in EAE demyelinating locale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Mitsiadou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olympia Damianidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Khan A, Shal B, Khan AU, Bibi T, Islam SU, Baig MW, Haq IU, Ali H, Ahmad S, Khan S. Withametelin, a novel phytosterol, alleviates neurological symptoms in EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Neurochem Int 2021; 151:105211. [PMID: 34688804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. Withametelin (WMT), a phytosterol, showed diverse biological activities isolated from the leaves of Datura innoxa. In the present study, we used an in vitro model of HT22 and BV-2 cell lines and an in vivo murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to explore the antioxidant and anti neuroinflammatory potential of WMT. The results showed that pretreatment with WMT markedly inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, WMT post-immunization treatment significantly attenuated EAE-induced clinical score, weight loss, neuropathic pain behaviors, and motor dysfunction. It markedly lowers EAE-induced elevated circulating leucocytes, spinal deformity, and splenomegaly. It strikingly inhibited the Evans blue and FITC extravasation in the brain. It remarkably reversed the EAE-induced histopathological alteration of the brain, spinal cord, eye, and optic nerve. It significantly intensified the antioxidant defense mechanism by improving the expression level of nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) but reducing the expression level of the Kelch-like-ECH-associated-protein-1 (keap-1), inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase (iNOS) in the CNS. Likewise, it markedly suppressed neuroinflammation by reducing the expression level of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear-factor-kappa-B (NF-κB), activator-protein-1 (AP-1) but increased the expression level IkB-α in the CNS. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA binding free energies were determined to validate the dynamic stability of complexes and shed light on the atomic level intermolecular interaction energies. Taken together, this study showed that WMT has significant neuroprotective potential in EAE via modulation of Nrf2 mediated-oxidative stress and NF-κB mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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15
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Brown C, McKee C, Halassy S, Kojan S, Feinstein DL, Chaudhry GR. Neural stem cells derived from primitive mesenchymal stem cells reversed disease symptoms and promoted neurogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:499. [PMID: 34503569 PMCID: PMC8427882 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS affects millions of people and causes a great economic and societal burden. There is no cure for MS. We used a novel approach to investigate the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human primitive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Methods MSCs were differentiated into NSCs, labeled with PKH26, and injected into the tail vein of EAE mice. Neurobehavioral changes in the mice assessed the effect of transplanted cells on the disease process. The animals were sacrificed two weeks following cell transplantation to collect blood, lymphatic, and CNS tissues for analysis. Transplanted cells were tracked in various tissues by flow cytometry. Immune infiltrates were determined and characterized by H&E and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Levels of immune regulatory cells, Treg and Th17, were analyzed by flow cytometry. Myelination was determined by Luxol fast blue staining and immunostaining. In vivo fate of transplanted cells and expression of inflammation, astrogliosis, myelination, neural, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis markers were investigated by using immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analysis.
Results MSC-derived NSCs expressed specific neural markers, NESTIN, TUJ1, VIMENTIN, and PAX6. NSCs improved EAE symptoms more than MSCs when transplanted in EAE mice. Post-transplantation analyses also showed homing of MSCs and NSCs into the CNS with concomitant induction of an anti-inflammatory response, resulting in reducing immune infiltrates. NSCs also modulated Treg and Th17 cell levels in EAE mice comparable to healthy controls. Luxol fast blue staining showed significant improvement in myelination in treated mice. Further analysis showed that NSCs upregulated genes involved in myelination and neuroprotection but downregulated inflammatory and astrogliosis genes more significantly than MSCs. Importantly, NSCs differentiated into neural derivatives and promoted neurogenesis, possibly by modulating BDNF and FGF signaling pathways. Conclusions NSC transplantation reversed the disease process by inducing an anti-inflammatory response and promoting myelination, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis in EAE disease animals. These promising results provide a basis for clinical studies to treat MS using NSCs derived from primitive MSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02563-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Sophia Halassy
- Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, 48075, USA
| | - Suleiman Kojan
- Department of Neuroscience, OUWB School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Doug L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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16
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Zhu R, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Wang Z, He X, Wu Z, Xue L, Fan W, Huang R, Xu Z, Qi X, Xu W, Yu Y, Ren Y, Li C, Cheng Q, Ling L, Wang S, Cheng L. Immunomodulatory Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles Enable Neurogenesis by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor 2. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2812-2830. [PMID: 33527830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune microenvironment amelioration and reconstruction by functional biomaterials has become a promising strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery. In this study, we evaluated the neural regeneration and immunoregulation functions of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) nanoparticles in completely transected and excised mice and revealed the immune-related mechanisms. LDH achieved significant performance in accelerating neural stem cells (NSCs) migration, neural differentiation, L-Ca2+ channel activation, and inducible action potential generation. In vivo, the behavioral and electrophysiological performance of SCI mice was significantly improved by LDH implantation, with BrdU+ endogenous NSCs and neurons clearly observed in the lesion sites. According to RNA-seq and ingenuity pathway analysis, transforming growth factor-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2) is the key gene through which LDH inhibits inflammatory responses and accelerates neural regeneration. Significant colocalization of TGFBR2 and LDH was found on the cell membranes of NSCs both in vitro and in vivo, and LDH increased the expression of TGF-β2 in NSCs and activated the proliferation of precursor neural cells. LDH decreased the expression of M1 markers and increased the expression of M2 markers in both microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages, and these effects were reversed by a TGFBR2 inhibitor. In addition, as a carrier, LDH loaded with NT3 exhibited better recovery effects with regard to the basso mouse scale score, motor evoked potential performance, and regenerated neural cell numbers than LDH itself. Thus, we have developed Mg/Al-LDH that can be used to construct a suitable immune microenvironment for SCI recovery and have revealed the targeted receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xingfei Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiaolie He
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhourui Wu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenyong Fan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xi Qi
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yilong Ren
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Chen Li
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lan Ling
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
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17
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Nakagomi T, Tanaka Y, Nakagomi N, Matsuyama T, Yoshimura S. How Long Are Reperfusion Therapies Beneficial for Patients after Stroke Onset? Lessons from Lethal Ischemia Following Early Reperfusion in a Mouse Model of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176360. [PMID: 32887241 PMCID: PMC7504064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke caused by cerebral artery occlusion induces neurological deficits because of cell damage or death in the central nervous system. Given the recent therapeutic advances in reperfusion therapies, some patients can now recover from an ischemic stroke with no sequelae. Currently, reperfusion therapies focus on rescuing neural lineage cells that survive in spite of decreases in cerebral blood flow. However, vascular lineage cells are known to be more resistant to ischemia/hypoxia than neural lineage cells. This indicates that ischemic areas of the brain experience neural cell death but without vascular cell death. Emerging evidence suggests that if a vascular cell-mediated healing system is present within ischemic areas following reperfusion, the therapeutic time window can be extended for patients with stroke. In this review, we present our comments on this subject based upon recent findings from lethal ischemia following reperfusion in a mouse model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-6821; Fax: +81-798-45-6823
| | - Yasue Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Nami Nakagomi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
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18
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Rajbhandari S, Beppu M, Takagi T, Nakano-Doi A, Nakagomi N, Matsuyama T, Nakagomi T, Yoshimura S. Ischemia-Induced Multipotent Stem Cells Isolated from Stroke Patients Exhibit Higher Neurogenic Differentiation Potential than Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:994-1006. [PMID: 32515302 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular areas of the brain harbor multipotent stem cells. We recently demonstrated that after a stroke, brain pericytes exhibit features of multipotent stem cells. Moreover, these ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) are present within ischemic areas of the brain of patients diagnosed with stroke. Although increasing evidence shows that iSCs have traits similar to those of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the phenotypic similarities and differences between iSCs and MSCs remain unclear. In this study, we used iSCs extracted from stroke patients (h-iSCs) and compared their neurogenic potential with that of human MSCs (h-MSCs) in vitro. Microarray analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, immunohistochemistry, and multielectrode array were performed to compare the characteristics of h-iSCs and h-MSCs. Although h-iSCs and h-MSCs had similar gene expression profiles, the percentage expressing the neural stem/progenitor cell marker nestin was significantly higher in h-iSCs than in h-MSCs. Consistent with these findings, h-iSCs, but not h-MSCs, differentiated into electrophysiologically functional neurons. In contrast, although both h-iSCs and h-MSCs were able to differentiate into several mesodermal lineages, including adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, the potential of h-iSCs to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes was relatively low. These results suggest that compared with h-MSCs, h-iSCs predominantly exhibit neural rather than mesenchymal lineages. In addition, these results indicate that h-iSCs have the potential to repair the injured brain of patients with stroke by directly differentiating into neuronal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikiya Beppu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Departments of Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases and Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Nami Nakagomi
- Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases and Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Departments of Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases and Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Departments of Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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19
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Papadopoulos D, Magliozzi R, Mitsikostas DD, Gorgoulis VG, Nicholas RS. Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:178. [PMID: 32694983 PMCID: PMC7338849 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most important risk factors for the development of several neurodegenerative diseases including progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Cellular senescence (CS) is a key biological process underlying aging. Several stressors associated with aging and MS pathology, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytokines and replicative exhaustion are known triggers of cellular senescence. Senescent cells exhibit stereotypical metabolic and functional changes, which include cell-cycle arrest and acquiring a pro-inflammatory phenotype secreting cytokines, growth factors, metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species. They accumulate with aging and can convert neighboring cells to senescence in a paracrine manner. In MS, accelerated cellular senescence may drive disease progression by promoting chronic non-remitting inflammation, loss or altered immune, glial and neuronal function, failure of remyelination, impaired blood-brain barrier integrity and ultimately neurodegeneration. Here we discuss the evidence linking cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of MS and the putative role of senolytic and senomorphic agents as neuroprotective therapies in tackling disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dimos D Mitsikostas
- First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Richard S Nicholas
- Department of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Visual Neuroscience, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Promising Nanotechnology Approaches in Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of Central Nervous System. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060338. [PMID: 32498357 PMCID: PMC7349417 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that yields to neuronal axon damage, demyelization, and paralysis. Although several drugs were designed for the treatment of MS, with some of them being approved in the last few decades, the complete remission and the treatment of progressive forms still remain a matter of debate and a medical challenge. Nanotechnology provides a variety of promising therapeutic tools that can be applied for the treatment of MS, overcoming the barriers and the limitations of the already existing immunosuppressive and biological therapies. In the present review, we explore literature case studies on the development of drug delivery nanosystems for the targeted delivery of MS drugs in the pathological tissues of the CNS, providing high bioavailability and enhanced therapeutic efficiency, as well as nanosystems for the delivery of agents to facilitate efficient remyelination. Moreover, we present examples of tolerance-inducing nanocarriers, being used as promising vaccines for antigen-specific immunotherapy of MS. We emphasize on liposomes, as well as lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles. Finally, we highlight the future perspectives given by the nanotechnology field toward the improvement of the current treatment of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
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21
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Tanaka Y, Nakagomi N, Doe N, Nakano-Doi A, Sawano T, Takagi T, Matsuyama T, Yoshimura S, Nakagomi T. Early Reperfusion Following Ischemic Stroke Provides Beneficial Effects, Even After Lethal Ischemia with Mature Neural Cell Death. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061374. [PMID: 32492968 PMCID: PMC7349270 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a critical disease caused by cerebral artery occlusion in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent therapeutic advances, such as neuroendovascular intervention and thrombolytic therapy, have allowed recanalization of occluded brain arteries in an increasing number of stroke patients. Although previous studies have focused on rescuing neural cells that still survive despite decreased blood flow, expanding the therapeutic time window may allow more patients to undergo reperfusion in the near future, even after lethal ischemia, which is characterized by death of mature neural cells, such as neurons and glia. However, it remains unclear whether early reperfusion following lethal ischemia results in positive outcomes. The present study used two ischemic mouse models—90-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) paired with reperfusion to induce lethal ischemia and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (p-MCAO)—to investigate the effect of early reperfusion up to 8 w following MCAO. Although early reperfusion following 90-min t-MCAO did not rescue mature neural cells, it preserved the vascular cells within the ischemic areas at 1 d following 90-min t-MCAO compared to that following p-MCAO. In addition, early reperfusion facilitated the healing processes, including not only vascular but also neural repair, during acute and chronic periods and improved recovery. Furthermore, compared with p-MCAO, early reperfusion after t-MCAO prevented behavioral symptoms of neurological deficits without increasing negative complications, including hemorrhagic transformation and mortality. These results indicate that early reperfusion provides beneficial effects presumably via cytoprotective and regenerative mechanisms in the CNS, suggesting that it may be useful for stroke patients that experienced lethal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasue Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Nami Nakagomi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Nobutaka Doe
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan;
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan;
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Toshinori Sawano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.T.)
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-798-45-6455 (S.Y.); +81-798-45-6821 (T.N.)
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan;
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-798-45-6455 (S.Y.); +81-798-45-6821 (T.N.)
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22
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Sawada R, Nakano-Doi A, Matsuyama T, Nakagomi N, Nakagomi T. CD44 expression in stem cells and niche microglia/macrophages following ischemic stroke. Stem Cell Investig 2020; 7:4. [PMID: 32309418 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2020.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background CD44, an adhesion molecule in the hyaluronate receptor family, plays diverse and important roles in multiple cell types and organs. Increasing evidence is mounting for CD44 expression in various types of stem cells and niche cells surrounding stem cells. However, the precise phenotypes of CD44+ cells in the brain under pathologic conditions, such as after ischemic stroke, remain unclear. Methods In the present study, using a mouse model for cerebral infarction by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, we examined the localization and traits of CD44+ cells. Results In sham-mice operations, CD44 was rarely observed in the cortex of MCA regions. Following ischemic stroke, CD44+ cells emerged in ischemic areas of the MCA cortex during the acute phase. Although CD44 at ischemic areas was, in part, expressed in stem cells, it was also expressed in hematopoietic lineages, including activated microglia/macrophages, surrounding the stem cells. CD44 expression in microglia/macrophages persisted through the chronic phase following ischemic stroke. Conclusions These data demonstrate that CD44 is expressed in stem cells and cells in the niches surrounding them, including inflammatory cells, suggesting that CD44 may play an important role in reparative processes within ischemic areas under neuroinflammatory conditions; in particular, strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Sawada
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nami Nakagomi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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