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Vargas-Vargas MA, González-Montoya M, Torres-Isidro O, García-Berumen CI, Ortiz-Avila O, Calderón-Cortés E, Cortés-Rojo C. Assessing the impact of concurrent high-fructose and high-saturated fat diets on pediatric metabolic syndrome: A review. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13:91478. [PMID: 38947987 PMCID: PMC11212767 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
High-saturated fat (HF) or high-fructose (HFr) consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome (MetS). In rodent models of MetS, diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS. Nevertheless, simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr have synergistic effects, worsening MetS outcomes. In children, the effects of HF or HFr intake usually have been addressed individually. Therefore, we have reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children, and we compare them with the effects reported in rodents. In humans, HFr intake causes increased lipogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and insulin resistance. On the other hand, HF diets promote low grade-inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance. Despite the deleterious effects of simultaneous HF plus HFr intake on MetS development in rodents, there is little information about the combined effects of HF plus HFr intake in children. The aim of this review is to warn about this issue, as individually addressing the effects produced by HF or HFr may underestimate the severity of the outcomes of Western diet intake in the pediatric population. We consider that this is an alarming issue that needs to be assessed, as the simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr is common on fast food menus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Marcela González-Montoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Olin Torres-Isidro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Claudia Isabel García-Berumen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Ortiz-Avila
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Calderón-Cortés
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
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Son JE. Genetics, pharmacotherapy, and dietary interventions in childhood obesity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:12861. [PMID: 38863827 PMCID: PMC11165095 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has emerged as a major global health issue, contributing to the increased prevalence of chronic conditions and adversely affecting the quality of life and future prospects of affected individuals, thereby presenting a substantial societal challenge. This complex condition, influenced by the interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, is characterized by excessive energy intake due to uncontrolled appetite regulation and a Westernized diet. Managing obesity in childhood requires specific considerations compared with adulthood, given the vulnerability of the critical juvenile-adolescent period to toxicity and developmental defects. Consequently, common treatment options for adult obesity may not directly apply to younger populations. Therefore, research on childhood obesity has focused on genetic defects in regulating energy intake, alongside pharmacotherapy and dietary interventions as management approaches, with an emphasis on safety concerns. This review aims to summarize canonical knowledge and recent findings on genetic factors contributing to childhood obesity. Additionally, it assesses the efficacy and safety of existing pharmacotherapies and dietary interventions and suggests future research directions. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of childhood obesity, this review aims to offer insights into more targeted and effective strategies for addressing this condition, including personalized healthcare solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Eun Son
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Iacopetta D, Catalano A, Ceramella J, Pellegrino M, Marra M, Scali E, Sinicropi MS, Aquaro S. The Ongoing Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Obesity. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:135-150. [PMID: 38391001 PMCID: PMC10885050 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the developed world, pediatric obesity (PO) has been a major health concern since the last century, and this condition may lead to detrimental life-long physical and mental comorbidities. Currently, its prevalence has increased in low- and middle-income countries and in many high-income countries. Thus, the provision of effective and tailored care for children and their families has become vital. The social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are known everywhere, and among these, it has been argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on PO. Overall, the growth of PO over the last decade has been enhanced by the pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, children, adolescents and young adults gained weight as the pediatric population dealt with sedentary lifestyles and changes in food habits. In this review, we want to highlight the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Scali
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Soldatou A, Garoufi A. Editorial: Pediatric obesity: how to diverge from developmental pathways? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1363099. [PMID: 38323111 PMCID: PMC10844501 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1363099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Soldatou
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Garoufi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Al-Daghri NM, Amer OE, Khattak MNK, Hussain SD, Alkhaldi G, Alfawaz HA, Elsaid MA, Sabico S. Attendance-Based Adherence and Outcomes of Obesity Management Program in Arab Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1449. [PMID: 37761410 PMCID: PMC10529466 DOI: 10.3390/children10091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity has become a global pandemic in the last century, contributing to short and long-term medical conditions that heighten the risk of morbidity and mortality in children. The 12-month school-based obesity management educational program aims to assess the effect of adherence to the lifestyle educational program and target outcomes, obesity, and hypertension. A total of 363 (nonadherent, N = 179; adherent, N = 184) Saudi school adolescents aged 12-18 were recruited from 60 schools in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Anthropometrics, lipid profile, and blood glucose were measured at baseline and post-intervention. The level of adherence was based on the number of attended educational sessions, and participants were grouped accordingly into two groups: adherent group (attended ≥ 3 sessions) and nonadherent group (attended 1-2 sessions) out of a total of five sessions. Results demonstrated that significantly more participants in the adherent group achieved the primary program goal of reducing obesity indices [body weight, body mass index (BMI), and BMI z-score] than the nonadherent group. Additionally, among adherent obese participants, BMI z-score significantly decreased after the 12-month intervention (post-intervention: 1.5 ± 0.7 vs. baseline: 1.7 ± 0.6, p < 0.05), while the trend in BMI z-score modestly increased in the nonadherent obese participants post-intervention (post-intervention: 1.8 ± 0.7 vs. baseline: 1.7 ± 0.6, p > 0.05). Moreover, there was a substantial reduction in hypertension prevalence only in the adherent group (p = 0.003) and among adherent obese participants in particular (p = 0.03). Furthermore, adherence to session attendance was higher in girls than boys, which led to better outcomes among girls than boys. For the secondary outcomes, lipid profile indices increased in both groups, while no changes were observed in the glycemic profile. In conclusion, greater adherence to educational sessions achieved modest but favorable weight changes and improved blood pressure among obese adolescents. Future intervention studies should take into consideration the need to improve attendance to enhance adherence to the program among adolescents at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.); (M.A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Osama E. Amer
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.); (M.A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Malak N. K. Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.); (M.A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Syed D. Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.); (M.A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Ghadah Alkhaldi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanan A. Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Elsaid
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.); (M.A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (O.E.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.); (M.A.E.); (S.S.)
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