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Plak R, Rippe R, Merkelbach I, Begeer S. Psychosocial Outcomes in Autistic Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:3670-3683. [PMID: 37690082 PMCID: PMC11461758 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic children's psychosocial outcomes have shown mixed results. In the current study we aimed to gain a better insight into the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing psychosocial outcomes collected pre-pandemic with data collected during the pandemic. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to examine change over time in psychosocial outcomes of autistic children from pre-pandemic (T0) to lockdown I (T1) and lockdown II (T2) in the Netherlands. We expected a deterioration in psychosocial outcomes. There were 224 participants in T0 and T1, of which 141 also participated in T2. The results showed a surprising improvement in psychosocial outcomes from T0 to T1. Special education and female gender were associated with increased difficulties over time, while higher age was associated with decreased difficulties. At the subdomain level we found that emotional problems remained stable, while hyperactivity, conduct problems, and peer problems decreased, and prosocial behavior increased. Attending special education predicted increased peer problems over time, while higher age predicted both decreased conduct problems and increased prosocial behavior over time. The COVID-19 pandemic may have temporarily improved the fit between the psychosocial needs and the environment for children with autism in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Plak
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ralph Rippe
- Research Methods and Statistics, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Merkelbach
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Begeer
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li C, He WQ. Prevalence and treatment of autism spectrum disorder in the United States, 2016-2022. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 39221608 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its treatment. The study population was children aged 3-17 years with information on current ASD from National Survey of Children's Health, 2016-2022. Analysis of treatment was also conducted within the population of children with a current ASD diagnosis. A multivariate log-binomial regression model was used to assess the change of current ASD prevalence and ASD treatment by two study period (prior to COVID-19 pandemic: 2016-2019; during COVID-19 pandemic: 2020-22) and sociodemographic information. Compared to the current ASD at 2.5% in 2016, it increased to 3.6% in 2022. The treatment has decreased from 70.5% in 2016 to 61.6% in 2022 for any treatment and from 27.2% in 2016 to 20.4% in 2022 for medication treatment. Compared to children from 2016-2019, children from the following group were more likely to have ASD diagnosis during the pandemic (2020-2022), including those aged 3-5 years (aPR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.29-2.13), non-Hispanic white children, children from family with above national family income, and those with private insurance. However, medication treatment almost halved during the pandemic for non-Hispanic black children (aPR = 0.49, 95%CI 0.26-0.93) and children born overseas. In conclusion, higher prevalence of ASD might indicate a better awareness of ASD. The reduction in treatment correlates to the health service disruption caused by the pandemic, highlighting the needs of policy efforts to improve treatment for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wen-Qiang He
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Berson J, Adams SN. Experiences of caregivers of children with autism during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2024; 71:e1-e12. [PMID: 39099285 PMCID: PMC11304107 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has had a profoundly negative impact on people all over the world, particularly those with disabilities such as autism. However, there are gaps in research understanding the impact of COVID-19 on this population and the support required. AIM To explore the evidence available on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of children with autism. METHOD A scoping review methodology using the Arksey and O'Malley framework was employed. Five electronic databases from March 2020 to December 2022 were reviewed. Two thousand two hundred and six articles were retrieved with primary search terms: caregivers (population), autism (diagnosis) and COVID-19 (context). Following the screening of titles, abstracts and articles, 36 articles were included in the final review. Thematic and content qualitative analysis was completed. RESULTS Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guided the reporting of the findings. Three main themes were identified: (1) caregiver's mental health and wellbeing, (2) response to remote health care and support and (3) caregiver resilience. CONCLUSION The pandemic affected children with autism and their families regarding changes in routine, difficulties with support and emotional states. However, little research has been conducted on the impact in upper-middle-income countries such as South Africa.Contribution: The findings from this review carry practical implications that extend beyond the pandemic, such as political instability or natural disasters that may present similar stressors for children with autism and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Berson
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
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Almeida AFSD, Silva TDD, Moraes ÍAPD, Menezes LDCD, Dias ED, Araújo LVD, Monteiro CBDM, Dawes H, Simcsik AO, Alberissi CADO, Silva VYHD, Brunherotti MAA, Tonello MGM. Virtual reality as a telerehabilitation strategy for people with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 quarantine scenario: physical activity, motor performance and enjoyment. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:2046-2056. [PMID: 37695272 PMCID: PMC11229792 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2249031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with autism spectrum disorder could benefit from physical activity during the pandemic and COVID-19 restrictions, mainly to maintain adequate physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, enjoyment, and potential effect of telerehabilitation using a serious game named 'MoveHero'. MATERIALS AND METHODS Registered in Clinical Trials (NCT04402034). We adopted a remotely run Telerehabilitation research design with 44 participants recruited: 22 People with ASD people and 22 non-ASD individuals. RESULTS All participants safely participated, 100% adherence to sessions, ∼60% enjoying the task, and significantly improved performance, with better performance for the NA group at most practice moments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support both how to implement a gaming intervention and the need to investigate the efficacy of serious games to motivate moderate intensity physical activity in people with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talita Dias da Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Aplicações Tecnológicas em Reabilitaçaõ (PATER) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São, Brazilulo
- Departamento de Medicina (Cardiologia), Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID). R. Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Íbis Ariana Peña de Moraes
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Aplicações Tecnológicas em Reabilitaçaõ (PATER) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São, Brazilulo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID). R. Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lilian Del Ciello de Menezes
- Departamento de Medicina (Cardiologia), Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Dati Dias
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Aplicações Tecnológicas em Reabilitaçaõ (PATER) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São, Brazilulo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vieira de Araújo
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Aplicações Tecnológicas em Reabilitaçaõ (PATER) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São, Brazilulo
| | - Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Aplicações Tecnológicas em Reabilitaçaõ (PATER) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São, Brazilulo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helen Dawes
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amanda Orasmo Simcsik
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Aplicações Tecnológicas em Reabilitaçaõ (PATER) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São, Brazilulo
| | - Camila Aparecida de Oliveira Alberissi
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Aplicações Tecnológicas em Reabilitaçaõ (PATER) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São, Brazilulo
| | - Victoria Yanara Hernandes da Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Aplicações Tecnológicas em Reabilitaçaõ (PATER) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São, Brazilulo
- Departamento de Medicina (Cardiologia), Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Milea-Milea AC, Fernández-Pérez D, Toledano-González A. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children/adolescents with ASD and their family environment: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:203-228. [PMID: 36757483 PMCID: PMC9909131 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the review is to analyze the impact of the pandemic in children/teenagers with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in their family environment. An electronic search was carried out in different databases (PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus) in order to find publications associated with the aim of this project. The search terms used were derived from the combination of the following search string: "((Pandemic OR Epidemic OR Outbreak OR COVID-19 OR Coronavirus) AND (Children OR Adolescents OR Youth OR Child OR Teenager) AND (Autism OR ASD OR Autism Spectrum Disorder))''. In total, 21 articles were included in this review. The findings of the different investigations included in this review show that the pandemic has produced a negative psychological impact in children/teenagers with ASD. Therefore, long-term follow-up studies should be carried out with the objective of creating effective interventions to treat this problematical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Abel Toledano-González
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
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Adams D, Dargue N, Paynter J. Longitudinal studies of challenging behaviours in autistic children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 104:102320. [PMID: 37515997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Autistic children and adults are at increased risk of showing behaviours that may be described as challenging, however, little is known about whether or how these behaviours may change over time. Given the profound impact that challenging behaviour can have on both the autistic individual and their support network, it is critical that the trajectory of challenging behaviours be better understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis identified and synthesised observational longitudinal studies of challenging behaviour in autistic individuals. Fifty-six studies were included in the systematic review, and the effect sizes of 37 independent samples arising from 34 of these reports were examined through meta-analysis. Crucially, across the 37 samples, scores on the measures of challenging behaviour reduced by a small, yet significant, extent over time. Although age of the sample at baseline assessment did not moderate the effect, the time between the baseline assessment and final follow-up and age at final follow-up both moderated the magnitude of the effect, with challenging behaviour scores reducing to a larger extent in (a) studies with longer intervals between baseline and final follow-up and (b) studies with older samples at follow-up. The results from the current systematic review and meta-analysis have both theoretical and practical implications for understanding challenging behaviour over time in autistic individuals. Avenues for future research are also highlighted that may allow better understanding, and therefore support of, challenging behaviour in autistic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Adams
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia.
| | - Nicole Dargue
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia
| | - Jessica Paynter
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; School of Applied Psychology and Hopkins Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Stankova M, Kamenski T, Ivanov I, Mihova P. Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Children with ASD-The Lessons That We Learned from the Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:969. [PMID: 37371201 PMCID: PMC10297218 DOI: 10.3390/children10060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The data available for changes in the behavior and emotional state of children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) in lockdown situations are controversial and scarce. In our research, we compare results before the first COVID-19 lockdown of 21 children with ASD and 21 typically developing children, four to five years of age with those obtained immediately after. The study attempts to answer the question of whether there are changes in the levels of emotional and behavioral problems in children with ASD after the lockdown and how these new living conditions affect some aspects of their functioning. The instruments used for data analysis are the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Survey on the consequences of COVID-19 on the life and development of the participants. No significant differences in the emotional and behavioral state of the participants were found, except for attention deficit/hyperactivity problems where ASD children showed lower levels after the lockdown. ASD group parents' answers to the survey pointed towards more positive consequences of staying at home. Some reported they had more time for learning together, communicating, playing, and assisting the learning process through online therapy. As negatives, the parents of ASD children reported low physical activity, increased time with electronic devices, and time spent with the same people. Caregivers of typically developing children agreed that the lockdown had only negative effects. To conclude, for children with ASD in the study, the lockdown period demonstrated that more time spent with parents in structured everyday activities is an opportunity that can lead to positive results in their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Stankova
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Tsveta Kamenski
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Polina Mihova
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
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Devescovi R, Bresciani G, Colonna V, Carrozzi M, Dissegna A, Celea MA, Cescon D, Frisari S, Guerrieri M, Placer F, Stocchi M, Terpini C, Colombi C. Short-Term Outcomes of an ESDM Intervention in Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder following the COVID-19 Lockdown. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040691. [PMID: 37189940 DOI: 10.3390/children10040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a temporary lockdown period in Italy, during which the delivery of in-person treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in public health services was discontinued. This occurrence represented a crucial challenge for both families and professionals. We assessed the short-term outcomes of a sample of 18 children who received an early intervention with the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), delivered at low intensity over one year in the pre-pandemic period, after six months of interruption of in-presence treatment due to lockdown restrictions. Children who received the ESDM treatment maintained their gains in sociocommunicative skills and did not exhibit any developmental regression. Additionally, there was evidence of a decrease in the restrictive and repetitive behavior (RRB) domain. The parents, who were already familiar with the principles of the ESDM, only received telehealth support from therapists that aimed to sustain the gains already achieved. We believe that it is always helpful to support parents in their daily lives by implementing interactional and play skills with their children to integrate and consolidate the results obtained in the individual interventions conducted by experienced therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Devescovi
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Bresciani
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vissia Colonna
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Carrozzi
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Dissegna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CIMeC Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Celea
- Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Developmental Psychopathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34132 Trieste, Italy
| | - Devid Cescon
- Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Developmental Psychopathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34132 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Frisari
- Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Developmental Psychopathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34132 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcella Guerrieri
- Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Developmental Psychopathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34132 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Placer
- Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Developmental Psychopathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34132 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Stocchi
- Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Developmental Psychopathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34132 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Terpini
- Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Developmental Psychopathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34132 Trieste, Italy
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How to Make the Unpredictable Foreseeable? Effective Forms of Assistance for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030407. [PMID: 36766512 PMCID: PMC9914931 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatology in patients with the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is very heterogeneous. The symptoms they present include communication difficulties, behavior problems, upbringing problems from their parents, and comorbidities (e.g., epilepsy, intellectual disability). A predictable and stable environment and the continuity of therapeutic interactions are crucial in this population. The COVID-19 pandemic has created much concern, and the need for home isolation to limit the spread of the virus has disrupted the functioning routine of children/adolescents with ASD. Are there effective diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives to limit the consequences of disturbing the daily routine of young patients during the unpredictable times of the pandemic? Modern technology and telemedicine have come to the rescue. This narrative review aims to present a change in the impact profile in the era of isolation and assess the directions of changes that specialists may choose when dealing with patients with ASD.
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Toseeb U, Asbury K. A longitudinal study of the mental health of autistic children and adolescents and their parents during COVID-19: Part 1, quantitative findings. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:105-116. [PMID: 35669991 PMCID: PMC9805925 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221082715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic children and adolescents, and their parents/carers, tend to experience more symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to those with other special educational needs and disabilities. The rapid change in society as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have disproportionately affected autistic young people and their parents/carers. We investigated how the mental health of autistic young people, and their parents/carers, developed during the first lockdown in the United Kingdom and how it changed once schools fully reopened for face-to-face teaching approximately 6 months later. Parents/carers completed online standardised questionnaires about their own and their child's mental health at four time points between March 2020 and October 2020. We found that, throughout this period, autistic young people experienced more symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to those with other special educational needs and disabilities. Anxiety levels decreased as lockdown progressed and schools reopened for face-to-face teaching but only for those with other special educational needs and disabilities. For autistic young people, both anxiety and depression symptoms remained high throughout. There were no differences in the mental health of parents/carers of autistic children compared to those with other special educational needs and disabilities. These findings suggest that the mental health of autistic children and adolescents is likely to have been disproportionately affected during and after the first lockdown in the United Kingdom. In the second part of this article (Asbury & Toseeb, 2022), we attempt to explain these trends using qualitative data provided by parents during the same period.
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Valenti M, Pino MC, Le Donne I, Vagnetti R, Tiberti S, Attanasio M, Mazza M. Adaptive response of Italian young adults with autism to the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 131:104333. [PMID: 36162352 PMCID: PMC9464572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a hazardous situation for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their families. The difficulties, following the COVID-19-derived lockdown, have involved working from home or loss of employment, and the demands of looking after their children without the daily support of specialists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptive behaviour of young adult participants with ASD after the enforcement of lockdown measures in March 2020 in a specialised centre in central Italy, by administering the Italian form of the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales Second Edition (VABS-II), at baseline as well as 6 months and 1 year after the lockdown. Participants with ASD who were not able to access their normal, in-person care - they were only followed at a distance (i.e. telehealth) - declined dramatically in their adaptive behaviour during the first months after the lockdown for some VABS-II dimensions such as the socialisation and daily living domains. The effects of the lockdown on adaptive behaviour remained after 1 year. Our results emphasise the need for immediate, continuous and personal support for people with ASD during and after the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to ensure at least partial recovery of adaptive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valenti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, L'Aquila 67100, Italy; Reference Regional Centre for Autism, Abruzzo Region Health System, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - M C Pino
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - I Le Donne
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, L'Aquila 67100, Italy; Reference Regional Centre for Autism, Abruzzo Region Health System, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - R Vagnetti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - S Tiberti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - M Attanasio
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, L'Aquila 67100, Italy; Reference Regional Centre for Autism, Abruzzo Region Health System, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - M Mazza
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
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Alenezi S, Temsah MH, Alyahya AS, Almadani AH, Almarshedi A, Algazlan MS, Alnemary F, Bashiri FA, Alkhawashki SH, Altuwariqi MH, Alsedrani R, Alkhiri A, Alarabi M. Mental health impact of COVID-19 on Saudi families and children with special educational needs and disabilities in Saudi Arabia: A national perspective. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992658. [PMID: 36238239 PMCID: PMC9551570 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a multidimensional impact on mental health due to health concerns, social distancing and lockdowns, job loss, and limits in institutional support. Accordingly, COVID-19 may disproportionally impact families with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) due to the already high prevalence of mental health conditions in children with SEND and their parents. Hence, it is essential to determine the short-term impact of the pandemic on the mental health of families with SEND to identify their ongoing health, including psychological wellbeing and support needs. The current study examines the anxiety level and concerns of children with SEND and their parents living in Saudi Arabia. Methodology A cross-sectional national study design was utilized as a part of an international consortium using an online Arabic survey. Data were collected from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development beneficiaries from May to July 2020. The sample consisted of 1,848 parents of children with SEND aged between 1 and 18 years (mean = 9.66; SD = 4.31). A descriptive and bivariant analysis is reported. Results Parental worries on all those concerns when the pandemic started were significantly higher than before the pandemic, p < 0.050. Parental-perceived general anxiety had risen significantly across time, p < 0.001, and their perceived anxiety when the pandemic started exceeded their anxiety before the pandemic, p < 0.001. The general anxiety of children with SEND had risen significantly across time (from before the pandemic to when it had started to during the pandemic), p < 0.001. The children's general worries at the start of the pandemic had correlated significantly and positively with their anxiety, adaptive, maladaptive, and coping efficacies, and parental anxiety scores, p < 0.010 each. Conclusion Anxiety levels were high in SEND and their caregivers before and during COVID-19. At the start of the pandemic, the anxiety, adaptive, maladaptive, coping efficacies, and parental anxiety scores of children with SEND were significantly and favorably correlated. These findings support the notion of SEND-specific anxiety and patterns of coping in SEND and their caregivers. The notion also attests to the institutional support required for this specifically vulnerable population during epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliweeh Alenezi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Shuliweeh Alenezi
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alyahya
- Department of Psychiatry, Eradah Complex for Mental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Almadani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Almarshedi
- Psychiatry Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha S. Algazlan
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad A. Bashiri
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Hazem Alkhawashki
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Hani Altuwariqi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aqeel Alkhiri
- Department of Mental Health, Al Qunfudah General Hospital, Al Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alarabi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Guidotti M, Gateau A, Claire R, Rabaté P, Roux S, Malvy J, Bonnet‐Brilhault F. Autism spectrum disorder during French COVID-19 lockdown: The importance of individualized support. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:906-910. [PMID: 35781823 PMCID: PMC9349936 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM This observational and repeated measures study assesses the impact of the first, most restrictive, COVID-19 lockdown in France on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. METHOD During the first COVID-19 lockdown, families of ASD children enrolled in the day-care centre of the child and adolescent psychiatry department of the Tours University Hospital were contacted weekly. A total of 95 parents took part in this study between the 18th of March and the 8th of May 2020. Advice and personalized support materials were provided by professionals involved in children's care. Questions regarding clinical outcomes were addressed to parents, and their assessments were reported on a 5-point Likert scale. Two time points were considered: the first 3 weeks and the three last weeks of the lockdown period. RESULTS No difference was highlighted between clinical scores collected at the beginning and at the end of the lockdown. No effect of intellectual disability, accommodation type (house or apartment) or parental status was observed. The reasons for the relatively minor impact of the COVID-19 lockdown observed in this study are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Individualized and regular support provided by caregivers, familiar with ASD children's clinical specificities, in the context of a trusted relationship with parents may have contributed to the stability of this population. This 'tailor-made' approach should be promoted, in order to help support families of ASD children in this challenging period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Guidotti
- EXcellence Center in Autism and neurodevelopmental disorders—Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de ToursToursFrance,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERMToursFrance,Centre Hospitalier du ChinonaisSaint‐Benoit‐la‐ForêtFrance
| | - Adrien Gateau
- EXcellence Center in Autism and neurodevelopmental disorders—Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de ToursToursFrance
| | - Remi Claire
- EXcellence Center in Autism and neurodevelopmental disorders—Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de ToursToursFrance
| | - Philippe Rabaté
- EXcellence Center in Autism and neurodevelopmental disorders—Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de ToursToursFrance
| | - Sylvie Roux
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERMToursFrance
| | - Joëlle Malvy
- EXcellence Center in Autism and neurodevelopmental disorders—Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de ToursToursFrance,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERMToursFrance
| | - Frédérique Bonnet‐Brilhault
- EXcellence Center in Autism and neurodevelopmental disorders—Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de ToursToursFrance,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERMToursFrance
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14
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Arazi A, Koller J, Zachor DA, Golan O, Sadaka Y, Eytan D, Stolar O, Atzaba-Poria N, Golan H, Menashe I, Meiri G, Gabis LV, Dinstein I. Home-quarantine during the initial Covid-19 outbreak in Israel: parent perceived impact on children with ASD. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09681. [PMID: 35698655 PMCID: PMC9176182 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have reported that Covid-19 home-quarantine periods have had mostly negative psychological impact on children with ASD and their families. Here we examined parent perceived impact of a 6-week quarantine period imposed in Israel at the beginning of the Covid-19 outbreak, in mid-March 2020. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire was completed by parents of 268 children with ASD. Parents rated deterioration/improvement in their child's behaviors, abilities, mood, sleep, and anxiety along with changes in their own mood, sleep, parenting skills, and family relationships. We performed t-tests and ANOVA analyses to assess the significance of perceived impact on each domain and potential differences in the impact across families with children of different ages, genders, and levels of required support as well as families that experienced different magnitudes of economic hardships. Results Parents reported significant deterioration in their mood and sleep along with significant improvements in relationships with their spouse and child with ASD, and in their parenting skills. Parents also reported significant increases in the severity of tantrums, anxiety, and restricted and repetitive behavior symptoms along with significant improvements in social and communication abilities of their child with ASD. Ratings were significantly lower in families of ASD children who regularly require more support and in families that experienced economic hardships. Conclusions While periods of home-quarantine create numerous hardships for families of children with ASD, they may also offer an opportunity for improving parenting skills, family relationships, and children's social communication abilities with potential relevance for improving remote services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Arazi
- Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Judah Koller
- Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ditza A. Zachor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Autism Center/ALUT, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Israel
| | - Ofer Golan
- Autism Treatment and Research Center – Association for Children at Risk, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Yair Sadaka
- Neuro-Developmental Research Centre, Beer Sheva Mental Health Centre, Ministry of Health, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dganit Eytan
- ALUT – The Israeli Society for Children and Adults with Autism, Ramat Gan, Israel
- School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Stolar
- The Autism Center/ALUT, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Israel
| | - Naama Atzaba-Poria
- Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Pre-School Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Duet Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hava Golan
- Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Idan Menashe
- Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Meiri
- Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Pre-School Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lidia V. Gabis
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Child Development Services, Maccabi Healthcare, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Dinstein
- Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Kreysa H, Schneider D, Kowallik AE, Dastgheib SS, Doğdu C, Kühn G, Ruttloff JM, Schweinberger SR. Psychosocial and Behavioral Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents with Autism and Their Families: Overview of the Literature and Initial Data from a Multinational Online Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:714. [PMID: 35455891 PMCID: PMC9028372 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since COVID-19 has become a pandemic, everyday life has seen dramatic changes affecting individuals, families, and children with and without autism. Among other things, these changes entail more time at home, digital forms of communication, school closures, and reduced support and intervention. Here, we assess the effects of the pandemic on quality of life for school-age autistic and neurotypical children and adolescents. First, we provide a comprehensive review of the current relevant literature. Next, we report original data from a survey conducted in several countries, assessing activities, well-being, and social life in families with autism, and their changes over time. We focus on differences between children with and without autism from within the same families, and on different outcomes for children with high- or low-functioning autism. While individuals with autism scored lower in emotional and social functioning than their neurotypical siblings, both groups of children showed comparable decreases in well-being and increases in anxiety, compared to before the pandemic. By contrast, decreases in adaptability were significantly more pronounced in autistic children and adolescents compared to neurotypical children and adolescents. Overall, although individual families reported some positive effects of pandemic restrictions, our data provide no evidence that these generalize across children and adolescents with autism, or even just to individuals with high-functioning autism. We discuss the increased challenges that need to be addressed to protect children and adolescents' well-being under pandemic conditions, but also point out potentials in the present situation that could be used towards social participation and success in older children and young adults with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kreysa
- Social Potential in Autism Research Unit & Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.E.K.); (S.S.D.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Dana Schneider
- Social Potential in Autism Research Unit & Department of Social Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (D.S.); (C.D.)
- DFG Scientific Network “Understanding Others”, SCHN 1481/2-1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Erika Kowallik
- Social Potential in Autism Research Unit & Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.E.K.); (S.S.D.); (J.M.R.)
- Early Support and Counseling Center Jena, Herbert Feuchte Stiftungsverbund, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Samaneh Sadat Dastgheib
- Social Potential in Autism Research Unit & Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.E.K.); (S.S.D.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Cem Doğdu
- Social Potential in Autism Research Unit & Department of Social Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (D.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Gabriele Kühn
- Early Support and Counseling Center Jena, Herbert Feuchte Stiftungsverbund, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jenny Marianne Ruttloff
- Social Potential in Autism Research Unit & Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.E.K.); (S.S.D.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Stefan R. Schweinberger
- Social Potential in Autism Research Unit & Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.E.K.); (S.S.D.); (J.M.R.)
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16
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Logrieco MG, Casula L, Ciuffreda GN, Novello RL, Spinelli M, Lionetti F, Nicolì I, Fasolo M, Giovanni V, Stefano V. Risk and protective factors of quality of life for children with autism spectrum disorder and their families during the COVID-19 lockdown. An Italian study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 120:104130. [PMID: 34826776 PMCID: PMC8602998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been a difficult period for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and their families. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of the quality of life (QoL) of children with ASD and their parents throughout the first lockdown, providing a snapshot of the impact of the pandemic on these families life. METHOD AND PROCEDURES A cohort of 243 parents of children with ASD (2-15 years old) completed an original online survey regarding the modification of ASD cores symptoms during lockdown, the type of interventions they had done before and during lockdown and the activities performed by the child. Respondents filled the PedsQL for themselves and their children. OUTCOME AND RESULTS The data obtained show a worsening of specific ASD core symptoms during lockdown and their role in predicting parents and children's QoL. Furthermore, protective factors for a better children's QoL as the Telehealth intervention, and some activities done at home during the lockdown as physical activity and play with parents are identified. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the QoL's risk and protective factors for children with ASD and their families. Furthermore, reveals the fundamental role of the parents as children's QoL protective factor, suggesting a higher collaboration between families and health care providers, whilst potentially improving families and children's QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Logrieco
- University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, CH, Italy.
| | - Laura Casula
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant' Onofrio, 4 00165, Rome, RM, Italy.
| | | | - Roberta Lucia Novello
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant' Onofrio, 4 00165, Rome, RM, Italy.
| | - Maria Spinelli
- University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, CH, Italy.
| | - Francesca Lionetti
- University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, CH, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Nicolì
- University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, CH, Italy.
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Department of Neuroscience Imagingand Clinical Sciences, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, CH, Italy.
| | - Valeri Giovanni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant' Onofrio, 4 00165, Rome, RM, Italy.
| | - Vicari Stefano
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant' Onofrio, 4 00165 Rome, RM, Italy.
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Fumagalli L, Nicoli M, Villa L, Riva V, Vicovaro M, Casartelli L. The (a)typical burden of COVID-19 pandemic scenario in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22655. [PMID: 34811386 PMCID: PMC8608876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological and mental health consequences of large-scale anti-contagion policies are assuming strong relevance in the COVID-19 pandemic. We proposed a specific focus on a large sample of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), developing an ad hoc instrument to investigate changes occurred in specific (sub-)domains during a period of national lockdown (Italy). Our questionnaire, named AutiStress, is both context-specific (being set in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario) and condition-specific (being structured taking into account the autistic functioning peculiarities in the paediatric age). An age- and gender-matched group of neurotypical (TD) controls was also provided. As expected, the severe lockdown policies had a general negative impact both on ASD and TD children, reflecting the obvious burden of the pandemic situation. However, our findings also indicate that children with ASD experienced more positive changes than TD ones. Noteworthy, we report a thought-provoking double dissociation in the context-specific predictor (i.e., accessibility to private outdoor spaces), indicating that it impacts differently on the two groups. Focusing on the ASD group, results suggest a condition-specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on core autistic (sub-)domains. Taken together, our data call for a multi-layered, context- and condition-specific analysis of the pandemic burden beyond any oversimplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fumagalli
- Theoretical and Cognitive Neuroscience Unit-Child Psychopathology Department, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Monica Nicoli
- Theoretical and Cognitive Neuroscience Unit-Child Psychopathology Department, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Valentina Riva
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Michele Vicovaro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Luca Casartelli
- Theoretical and Cognitive Neuroscience Unit-Child Psychopathology Department, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
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Alonso-Esteban Y, López-Ramón MF, Moreno-Campos V, Navarro-Pardo E, Alcantud-Marín F. A Systematic Review on the Impact of the Social Confinement on People with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1389. [PMID: 34827388 PMCID: PMC8615555 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had imposed a variety of containment measures on the general population for prolonged periods. Confinement has had, and still has, social, economic, educational, health, and psychological consequences on the entire population. OBJECTIVE In this article, a systematic search has been performed based on studies carried out since the beginning of the pandemic, regarding the impact of these containment measures on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population and their caregivers. METHOD We consulted six databases (i.e., PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and selected ten studies that met the inclusion criteria. The chosen studies have been classified according to their theoretical focus, methodology, and target population. RESULTS We found an increase in stress and a decrease in psychological well-being among individuals diagnosed with ASD (i.e., parents and caregivers). Additionally, in studies focused on children, youth, and adults with ASD diagnosis, the results are contradictory depending on variables such as age, ASD severity, or type of family structure. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the consequences of quarantine and social confinement are quite contradictory and depend on variables such as age, ASD severity, and family features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Alcantud-Marín
- PSiDEHESO Research Team, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (Y.A.-E.); (M.F.L.-R.); (V.M.-C.); (E.N.-P.)
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Siracusano M, Riccioni A, Gialloreti LE, Segatori E, Arturi L, Vasta M, Porfirio MC, Terribili M, Galasso C, Mazzone L. Parental Stress and Disability in Offspring: A Snapshot during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081040. [PMID: 34439660 PMCID: PMC8391692 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting a child with a disability, such as neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes, implies a high level of stress. During the COVID-19 outbreak—as a period implying additional challenges—few studies have specifically investigated caregivers’ distress among neurodevelopmental disabilities. The objective of the study is to investigate whether during the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of parental stress differs between four disability groups including neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) and genetic syndromes (Rett syndrome (RTT), Sotos syndrome (SS)) in comparison to families with typical development offspring (TD). In total, 220 Italian parents of children affected by neurodevelopmental disabilities (74 ASD, 51 ADHD, 34 SS, 21 RTT, 40 TD; age M 9.4 ± SD 4.2) underwent a standardized evaluation for stress related to parenting through the self-report questionnaire, Parental Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). The main findings show greater levels of parental stress—mainly linked to child behavioral characteristics rather than parental sense of competence—in parents of children affected by a disability in comparison to children with typical development. This study highlights the need to support not only individuals with special needs but also their own caregivers: core figures in the management and outcome of children disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Siracusano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.A.); (M.V.); (M.C.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0620900249
| | - Assia Riccioni
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.A.); (M.V.); (M.C.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (L.M.)
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Montpellier Street 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Segatori
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Montpellier Street 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucrezia Arturi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.A.); (M.V.); (M.C.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (L.M.)
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Montpellier Street 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michelangelo Vasta
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.A.); (M.V.); (M.C.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (L.M.)
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Montpellier Street 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Porfirio
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.A.); (M.V.); (M.C.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Monica Terribili
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.A.); (M.V.); (M.C.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Cinzia Galasso
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.A.); (M.V.); (M.C.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (L.M.)
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Montpellier Street 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.A.); (M.V.); (M.C.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (L.M.)
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Montpellier Street 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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