1
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Wu J, Xu S, Liu X, Zhao J, He Z, Pan A, Wu J. High-precision Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis using a dual-element multimodal gas sensor array. Analyst 2024; 149:4168-4178. [PMID: 38860637 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a globally widespread bacterial infection. Early diagnosis of this infection is vital for public and individual health. Prevalent diagnosis methods like the isotope 13C or 14C labelled urea breath test (UBT) are not convenient and may do harm to the human body. The use of cross-response gas sensor arrays (GSAs) is an alternative way for label-free detection of metabolite changes in exhaled breath (EB). However, conventional GSAs are complex to prepare, lack reliability, and fail to discriminate subtle changes in EB due to the use of numerous sensing elements and single dimensional signal. This work presents a dual-element multimodal GSA empowered with multimodal sensing signals including conductance (G), capacitance (C), and dissipation factor (DF) to improve the ability for gas recognition and H. pylori-infection diagnosis. Sensitized by poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and the metal-organic framework material NH2-UiO66, the dual-element graphene oxide (GO)-composite GSAs exhibited a high specific surface area and abundant adsorption sites, resulting in high sensitivity, repeatability, and fast response/recovery speed in all three signals. The multimodal sensing signals with rich sensing features allowed the GSA to detect various physicochemical properties of gas analytes, such as charge transfer and polarization ability, enhancing the sensing capabilities for gas discrimination. The dual-element GSA could differentiate different typical standard gases and non-dehumidified EB samples, demonstrating the advantages in EB analysis. In a case-control clinical study on 52 clinical EB samples, the diagnosis model based on the multimodal GSA achieved an accuracy of 94.1%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 90.9% for diagnosing H. pylori infection, offering a promising strategy for developing an accurate, non-invasive and label-free method for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Aiwu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China.
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
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2
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Kim KB, Sohn MS, Min S, Yoon JW, Park JS, Li J, Moon YK, Kang YC. Highly Selective and Reversible Detection of Simulated Breath Hydrogen Sulfide Using Fe-Doped CuO Hollow Spheres: Enhanced Surface Redox Reaction by Multi-Valent Catalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308963. [PMID: 38461524 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The precise and reversible detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at high humidity condition, a malodorous and harmful volatile sulfur compound, is essential for the self-assessment of oral diseases, halitosis, and asthma. However, the selective and reversible detection of trace concentrations of H2S (≈0.1 ppm) in high humidity conditions (exhaled breath) is challenging because of irreversible H2S adsorption/desorption at the surface of chemiresistors. The study reports the synthesis of Fe-doped CuO hollow spheres as H2S gas-sensing materials via spray pyrolysis. 4 at.% of Fe-doped CuO hollow spheres exhibit high selectivity (response ratio ≥ 34.4) over interference gas (ethanol, 1 ppm) and reversible sensing characteristics (100% recovery) to 0.1 ppm of H2S under high humidity (relative humidity 80%) at 175 °C. The effect of multi-valent transition metal ion doping into CuO on sensor reversibility is confirmed through the enhancement of recovery kinetics by doping 4 at.% of Ti- or Nb ions into CuO sensors. Mechanistic details of these excellent H2S sensing characteristics are also investigated by analyzing the redox reactions and the catalytic activity change of the Fe-doped CuO sensing materials. The selective and reversible detection of H2S using the Fe-doped CuO sensor suggested in this work opens a new possibility for halitosis self-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Beom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sung Sohn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhong Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Wook Yoon
- Department of Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Young Kook Moon
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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3
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Sotelo JG, Bonilla-Ríos J, Gordillo JL. Enhance Ethanol Sensing Performance of Fe-Doped Tetragonal SnO 2 Films on Glass Substrate with a Proposed Mathematical Model for Diffusion in Porous Media. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4560. [PMID: 39065959 PMCID: PMC11281093 DOI: 10.3390/s24144560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This research enhances ethanol sensing with Fe-doped tetragonal SnO2 films on glass, improving gas sensor reliability and sensitivity. The primary objective was to improve the sensitivity and operational efficiency of SnO2 sensors through Fe doping. The SnO2 sensors were synthesized using a flexible and adaptable method that allows for precise doping control, with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirming homogeneous Fe distribution within the SnO2 matrix. A morphological analysis showed a surface structure ideal for gas sensing. The results demonstrated significant improvement in ethanol response (1 to 20 ppm) and lower temperatures compared to undoped SnO2 sensors. The Fe-doped sensors exhibited higher sensitivity, enabling the detection of low ethanol concentrations and showing rapid response and recovery times. These findings suggest that Fe doping enhances the interaction between ethanol molecules and the sensor surface, improving performance. A mathematical model based on diffusion in porous media was employed to further analyze and optimize sensor performance. The model considers the diffusion of ethanol molecules through the porous SnO2 matrix, considering factors such as surface morphology and doping concentration. Additionally, the choice of electrode material plays a crucial role in extending the sensor's lifespan, highlighting the importance of material selection in sensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Bonilla-Ríos
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (J.G.S.); (J.L.G.)
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4
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Liu X, Chen Q, Xu S, Wu J, Zhao J, He Z, Pan A, Wu J. A Prototype of Graphene E-Nose for Exhaled Breath Detection and Label-Free Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401695. [PMID: 38965802 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP), a common microanaerobic bacteria that lives in the human mouth and stomach, is reported to infect ≈50% of the global population. The current diagnostic methods for HP are either invasive, time-consuming, or harmful. Therefore, a noninvasive and label-free HP diagnostic method needs to be developed urgently. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is composited with different metal-based materials to construct a graphene-based electronic nose (e-nose), which exhibits excellent sensitivity and cross-reactive response to several gases in exhaled breath (EB). Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that four typical types of gases in EB can be well discriminated. Additionally, the potential of the e-nose in label-free detection of HP infection is demonstrated through the measurement and analysis of EB samples. Furthermore, a prototype of an e-nose device is designed and constructed for automatic EB detection and HP diagnosis. The accuracy of the prototype machine integrated with the graphene-based e-nose can reach 92% and 91% in the training and validation sets, respectively. These results demonstrate that the highly sensitive graphene-based e-nose has great potential for the label-free diagnosis of HP and may become a novel tool for non-invasive disease screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaofen Chen
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Will-think Sensing Technology Co., LTD, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Aiwu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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5
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Obeidat YM, Bany Hamad N, Rawashdeh AM. A solid state electrolyte based enzymatic acetone sensor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15461. [PMID: 38965300 PMCID: PMC11224388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel solid-state electrolyte-based enzymatic sensor designed for the detection of acetone, along with an examination of its performance under various surface modifications aimed at optimizing its sensing capabilities. To measure acetone concentrations in both liquid and vapor states, cyclic voltammetry and amperometry techniques were employed, utilizing disposable screen-printed electrodes consisting of a platinum working electrode, a platinum counter electrode, and a silver reference electrode. Four different surface modifications, involving different combinations of Nafion (N) and enzyme (E) layers (N + E; N + E + N; N + N + E; N + N + E + N), were tested to identify the most effective configuration for a sensor that can be used for breath acetone detection. The sensor's essential characteristics, including linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and limit of detection, were thoroughly evaluated through a range of experiments spanning concentrations from 1 µM to 25 mM. Changes in acetone concentration were monitored by comparing currents readings at different acetone concentrations. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity, and a linear response to acetone concentration in both liquid and gas phases within the specified concentration range, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.92 to 0.98. Furthermore, the sensor achieved a rapid response time of 30-50 s and an impressive detection limit as low as 0.03 µM. The results indicated that the sensor exhibited the best linearity, sensitivity, and limit of detection when four layers were employed (N + N + E + N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra M Obeidat
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Nour Bany Hamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, JUST University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel Monem Rawashdeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid, Jordan
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6
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Deng LE, Guo M, Deng Y, Pan Y, Wang X, Maduraiveeran G, Liu J, Lu C. MOF-Based Platform for Kidney Diseases: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:793. [PMID: 38931914 PMCID: PMC11207304 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases are important diseases that affect human health worldwide. According to the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) report, kidney diseases have become the top 10 causes of death. Strengthening the prevention, primary diagnosis, and action of kidney-related diseases is of great significance in maintaining human health and improving the quality of life. It is increasingly challenging to address clinical needs with the present technologies for diagnosing and treating renal illness. Fortunately, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. This review summarizes the research progress of MOFs in the diagnosis and treatment of renal disease in recent years. Firstly, we introduce the basic structure and properties of MOFs. Secondly, we focus on the utilization of MOFs in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. In the diagnosis of kidney disease, MOFs are usually designed as biosensors to detect biomarkers related to kidney disease. In the treatment of kidney disease, MOFs can not only be used as an effective adsorbent for uremic toxins during hemodialysis but also as a precise treatment of intelligent drug delivery carriers. They can also be combined with nano-chelation technology to solve the problem of the imbalance of trace elements in kidney disease. Finally, we describe the current challenges and prospects of MOFs in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Er Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Manli Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yijun Deng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Govindhan Maduraiveeran
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chengyu Lu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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7
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Herrald AL, Ambrogi EK, Mirica KA. Electrochemical Detection of Gasotransmitters: Status and Roadmap. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1682-1705. [PMID: 38593007 PMCID: PMC11196117 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are a class of gaseous, endogenous signaling molecules that interact with one another in the regulation of critical cardiovascular, immune, and neurological processes. The development of analytical sensing mechanisms for gasotransmitters, especially multianalyte mechanisms, holds vast importance and constitutes a growing area of study. This review provides an overview of electrochemical sensing mechanisms with an emphasis on opportunities in multianalyte sensing. Electrochemical methods demonstrate good sensitivity, adequate selectivity, and the most well-developed potential for the multianalyte detection of gasotransmitters. Future research will likely address challenges with sensor stability and biocompatibility (i.e., sensor lifetime and cytotoxicity), sensor miniaturization, and multianalyte detection in biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L Herrald
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Emma K Ambrogi
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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8
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Glöckler J, Jaeschke C, Padilla M, Mitrovics J, Mizaikoff B. Ultratrace eNose Sensing of VOCs toward Breath Analysis Applications Utilizing an eNose-Based Analyzer. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:184-187. [PMID: 38645578 PMCID: PMC11027196 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This proof-of-principle study presents the ability of the recently developed iLovEnose to measure ultratrace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated human breath based on the combination of multiple gas sensors. The iLovEnose was developed by our research team as a test bed for gas sensors that can be hosted in three serially connected compact low-volume and temperature-controlled compartments. Herein, the eNose system was equipped with conventional semiconducting metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors using a variety of base technologies providing 11 different sensor signals that were evaluated to determine six VOCs of interest at eight low to ultralow concentration levels (i.e., ranging from 3 to 0.075 ppm) at humid conditions (90% rh at 22 °C). The measurements were randomized and performed four times over a period of 2 weeks. Partial least-squares regression analysis was applied to estimate the concentration of these six analytes. It was shown that the iLovEnose system is able to discriminate between these VOCs and provide reliable quantitative information relevant for future applications in exhaled breath analysis as a diagnostic disease detection or monitoring device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Glöckler
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeschke
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marta Padilla
- JLM
Innovation GmbH, Vor
dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Mitrovics
- JLM
Innovation GmbH, Vor
dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstrasse
14, 89077 Ulm, Germany
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9
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Krebbers R, van Kempen K, Harren FJM, Vasilyev S, Peterse IF, Lücker S, Khodabakhsh A, Cristescu SM. Ultra-broadband spectroscopy using a 2-11.5 µm IDFG-based supercontinuum source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14506-14520. [PMID: 38859393 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Supercontinuum sources based on intrapulse difference frequency generation (IDFG) from mode-locked lasers open new opportunities in mid-infrared gas spectroscopy. These sources provide high power and ultra-broadband spectral coverage in the molecular fingerprint region with very low relative intensity noise. Here, we demonstrate the performance of such a light source in combination with a multipass cell and a custom-built Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) for multispecies trace gas detection. The light source provides a low-noise, ultra-broad spectrum from 2-11.5 µm with ∼3 W output power, outperforming existing mid-infrared supercontinuum sources in terms of noise, spectral coverage, and output power. This translates to an excellent match for spectroscopic applications, establishing (sub-)ppb sensitivity for molecular hydrocarbons (e.g., CH4, C2H4), oxides (e.g., SO2, NOx), and small organic molecules (e.g., acetone, ethyl acetate) over the spectral range of the supercontinuum source with a measurement time varying from seconds to minutes. We demonstrate a practical application by measuring the off-gas composition of a bioreactor containing an acidic ammonia-oxidizing culture with the simultaneous detection of multiple nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O, etc.). As the different species absorb various parts of the spectrum, these results highlight the functionality of this spectroscopic system for biological and environmental applications.
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10
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Khomarloo N, Mohsenzadeh E, Gidik H, Bagherzadeh R, Latifi M. Overall perspective of electrospun semiconductor metal oxides as high-performance gas sensor materials for NO x detection. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7806-7824. [PMID: 38444964 PMCID: PMC10913163 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Gas sensors based on nanostructured semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) materials have been extensively investigated as key components due to their advantages over other materials, namely, high sensitivity, stability, affordability, rapid response and simplicity. However, the difficulty of working at high temperatures, response in lower concentration and their selectivity are huge challenges of SMO materials for detecting gases. Therefore, researchers have not stopped their quest to develop new gas sensors based on SMOs with higher performance. This paper begins by highlighting the importance of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) detection for human health and addresses the challenges associated with existing methods in effectively detecting them. Subsequently, the mechanism of SMO gas sensors, analysis of their structure and fabrication techniques focusing on electrospinning technique, as well as their advantages, difficulties, and structural design challenges are discussed. Research on enhancing the sensing performance through tuning the fabrication parameters are summarized as well. Finally, the problems and potential of SMO based gas sensors to detect NOx are revealed, and the future possibilities are stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Khomarloo
- Advanced Fibrous Materials Lab (AFM-LAB), Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Iran
- Univ. Lille, ENSAIT, Laboratoire Génie et Matériaux Textile (GEMTEX) F-59000 Lille France
- Junia F-59000 Lille France
| | - Elham Mohsenzadeh
- Univ. Lille, ENSAIT, Laboratoire Génie et Matériaux Textile (GEMTEX) F-59000 Lille France
- Junia F-59000 Lille France
| | - Hayriye Gidik
- Univ. Lille, ENSAIT, Laboratoire Génie et Matériaux Textile (GEMTEX) F-59000 Lille France
- Junia F-59000 Lille France
| | - Roohollah Bagherzadeh
- Advanced Fibrous Materials Lab (AFM-LAB), Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Iran
| | - Masoud Latifi
- Textile Engineering Department, Textile Research and Excellence Centers, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
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11
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Lagopati N, Valamvanos TF, Proutsou V, Karachalios K, Pippa N, Gatou MA, Vagena IA, Cela S, Pavlatou EA, Gazouli M, Efstathopoulos E. The Role of Nano-Sensors in Breath Analysis for Early and Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis. CHEMOSENSORS 2023; 11:317. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11060317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Early-stage, precise disease diagnosis and treatment has been a crucial topic of scientific discussion since time immemorial. When these factors are combined with experience and scientific knowledge, they can benefit not only the patient, but also, by extension, the entire health system. The development of rapidly growing novel technologies allows for accurate diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nanomedicine can contribute to exhaled breath analysis (EBA) for disease diagnosis, providing nanomaterials and improving sensing performance and detection sensitivity. Through EBA, gas-based nano-sensors might be applied for the detection of various essential diseases, since some of their metabolic products are detectable and measurable in the exhaled breath. The design and development of innovative nanomaterial-based sensor devices for the detection of specific biomarkers in breath samples has emerged as a promising research field for the non-invasive accurate diagnosis of several diseases. EBA would be an inexpensive and widely available commercial tool that could also be used as a disease self-test kit. Thus, it could guide patients to the proper specialty, bypassing those expensive tests, resulting, hence, in earlier diagnosis, treatment, and thus a better quality of life. In this review, some of the most prevalent types of sensors used in breath-sample analysis are presented in parallel with the common diseases that might be diagnosed through EBA, highlighting the impact of incorporating new technological achievements in the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros-Filippos Valamvanos
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Proutsou
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karachalios
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Anna Gatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragda Cela
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Medical Physics Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia A. Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Efstathios Efstathopoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
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12
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Alghamdi BM, Alharbi NM, Alade IO, Sultan B, Aburuzaizah MM, Baroud TN, Drmosh QA. Regulating the Electron Depletion Layer of Au/V 2O 5/Ag Thin Film Sensor for Breath Acetone as Potential Volatile Biomarker. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1372. [PMID: 37110957 PMCID: PMC10144657 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Human exhaled breath has been utilized to identify biomarkers for diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The existence of these illnesses is indicated by a rise in the level of acetone in the breath. The development of sensing devices capable of identifying the onset of lung cancer or diabetes is critical for the successful monitoring and treatment of these diseases. The goal of this research is to prepare a novel breath acetone sensor made of Ag NPs/V2O5 thin film/Au NPs by combining DC/RF sputtering and post-annealing as synthesis methods. The produced material was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, Raman, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed that the sensitivity to 50 ppm acetone of the Ag NPs/V2O5 thin film/Au NPs sensor was 96%, which is nearly twice and four times greater than the sensitivity of Ag NPs/V2O5 and pristine V2O5, respectively. This increase in sensitivity can be attributed to the engineering of the depletion layer of V2O5 through the double activation of the V2O5 thin films with uniform distribution of Au and Ag NPs that have different work function values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Mohammed Alghamdi
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (B.M.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (T.N.B.)
| | - Nawaf Mutab Alharbi
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (B.M.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (T.N.B.)
| | | | - Badriah Sultan
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Mansour Aburuzaizah
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (B.M.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (T.N.B.)
| | - Turki N. Baroud
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (B.M.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (T.N.B.)
| | - Qasem A. Drmosh
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (B.M.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (T.N.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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13
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P H, Rangarajan M, Pandya HJ. Breath VOC analysis and machine learning approaches for disease screening: a review. J Breath Res 2023; 17. [PMID: 36634360 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acb283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Early disease detection is often correlated with a reduction in mortality rate and improved prognosis. Currently, techniques like biopsy and imaging that are used to screen chronic diseases are invasive, costly or inaccessible to a large population. Thus, a non-invasive disease screening technology is the need of the hour. Existing non-invasive methods like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry, and proton transfer reaction-mass-spectrometry are expensive. These techniques necessitate experienced operators, making them unsuitable for a large population. Various non-invasive sources are available for disease detection, of which exhaled breath is preferred as it contains different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that reflect the biochemical reactions in the human body. Disease screening by exhaled breath VOC analysis can revolutionize the healthcare industry. This review focuses on exhaled breath VOC biomarkers for screening various diseases with a particular emphasis on liver diseases and head and neck cancer as examples of diseases related to metabolic disorders and diseases unrelated to metabolic disorders, respectively. Single sensor and sensor array-based (Electronic Nose) approaches for exhaled breath VOC detection are briefly described, along with the machine learning techniques used for pattern recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya P
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Madhavan Rangarajan
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Hardik J Pandya
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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14
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Breath-by-breath measurement of exhaled ammonia by acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry via online dilution and purging sampling. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:412-420. [PMID: 37181293 PMCID: PMC10173289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaled ammonia (NH3) is an essential noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis. In this study, an acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry (AM-PIMS) method was developed for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaled NH3 with high selectivity and sensitivity. Acetone was introduced into the drift tube along with the drift gas as a modifier, and the characteristic NH3 product ion peak of (C3H6O)4NH4+ (K0 = 1.45 cm2/V·s) was obtained through the ion-molecule reaction with acetone reactant ions (C3H6O)2H+ (K0 = 1.87 cm2/V·s), which significantly increased the peak-to-peak resolution and improved the accuracy of exhaled NH3 qualitative identification. Moreover, the interference of high humidity and the memory effect of NH3 molecules were significantly reduced via online dilution and purging sampling, thus realizing breath-by-breath measurement. As a result, a wide quantitative range of 5.87-140.92 μmol/L with a response time of 40 ms was achieved, and the exhaled NH3 profile could be synchronized with the concentration curve of exhaled CO2. Finally, the analytical capacity of AM-PIMS was demonstrated by measuring the exhaled NH3 of healthy subjects, demonstrating its great potential for clinical disease diagnosis.
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15
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Zhao Y, Dong B, Benkstein KD, Chen L, Steffens KL, Semancik S. Deep Learning Image Analysis of Nanoplasmonic Sensors: Toward Medical Breath Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54411-54422. [PMID: 36418023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sensing biomarkers in exhaled breath offers a potentially portable, cost-effective, and noninvasive strategy for disease diagnosis screening and monitoring, while high sensitivity, wide sensing range, and target specificity are critical challenges. We demonstrate a deep learning-assisted plasmonic sensing platform that can detect and quantify gas-phase biomarkers in breath-related backgrounds of varying complexity. The sensing interface consisted of Au/SiO2 nanopillars covered with a 15 nm metal-organic framework. A small camera was utilized to capture the plasmonic sensing responses as images, which were subjected to deep learning signal processing. The approach has been demonstrated at a classification accuracy of 95 to 98% for the diabetic ketosis marker acetone within a concentration range of 0.5-80 μmol/mol. The reported work provides a thorough exploration of single-sensor capabilities and sets the basis for more advanced utilization of artificial intelligence in sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhao
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
- Sensing Labs, Inc., Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - Boqun Dong
- Sensing Labs, Inc., Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - Kurt D Benkstein
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
| | - Kristen L Steffens
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
| | - Steve Semancik
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
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16
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Rothbart N, Stanley V, Koczulla R, Jarosch I, Holz O, Schmalz K, Hübers HW. Millimeter-wave gas spectroscopy for breath analysis of COPD patients in comparison to GC-MS. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35688126 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac77aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of human breath is a very active area of research, driven by the vision of a fast, easy, and non-invasive tool for medical diagnoses at the point of care. Millimeter-wave gas spectroscopy (MMWGS) is a novel, well-suited technique for this application as it provides high sensitivity, specificity and selectivity. Most of all, it offers the perspective of compact low-cost systems to be used in doctors' offices or hospitals. In this work, we demonstrate the analysis of breath samples acquired in a medical environment using MMWGS and evaluate validity, reliability, as well as limitations and perspectives of the method. To this end, we investigated 28 duplicate samples from chronic obstructive lung disease patients and compared the results to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The quantification of the data was conducted using a calibration-free fit model, which describes the data precisely and delivers absolute quantities. For ethanol, acetone, and acetonitrile, the results agree well with the GC-MS measurements and are as reliable as GC-MS. The duplicate samples deviate from the mean values by only 6% to 18%. Detection limits of MMWGS depend strongly on the molecular species. For example, acetonitrile can be traced down to 1.8 × 10-12mol by the MMWGS system, which is comparable to the GC-MS system. We observed correlations of abundances between formaldehyde and acetaldehyde as well as between acetonitrile and acetaldehyde, which demonstrates the potential of MMWGS for breath research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Rothbart
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Stanley
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rembert Koczulla
- Schön Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Research Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Schönau am Königssee, Germany.,Philipps-University of Marburg, Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Inga Jarosch
- Schön Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Research Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Schönau am Königssee, Germany.,Philipps-University of Marburg, Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, German Center for Lung Research (BREATH, DZL), Clinical Airway Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Schmalz
- IHP-Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Wasilewski T, Brito NF, Szulczyński B, Wojciechowski M, Buda N, Melo ACA, Kamysz W, Gębicki J. Olfactory Receptor-based Biosensors as Potential Future Tools in Medical Diagnosis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Musa I, Raffin G, Hangouet M, Martin M, Alcacer A, Zine N, Bellagambi F, Jaffrezic-Renault N, ERRACHID A. Development of a chitosan/nickel phthalocyanine composite based conductometric micro‐sensor for methanol detection. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Paleczek A, Rydosz AM. Review of the algorithms used in exhaled breath analysis for the detection of diabetes. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 34996056 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, intensive work is underway on the development of truly noninvasive medical diagnostic systems, including respiratory analysers based on the detection of biomarkers of several diseases including diabetes. In terms of diabetes, acetone is considered as a one of the potential biomarker, although is not the single one. Therefore, the selective detection is crucial. Most often, the analysers of exhaled breath are based on the utilization of several commercially available gas sensors or on specially designed and manufactured gas sensors to obtain the highest selectivity and sensitivity to diabetes biomarkers present in the exhaled air. An important part of each system are the algorithms that are trained to detect diabetes based on data obtained from sensor matrices. The prepared review of the literature showed that there are many limitations in the development of the versatile breath analyser, such as high metabolic variability between patients, but the results obtained by researchers using the algorithms described in this paper are very promising and most of them achieve over 90% accuracy in the detection of diabetes in exhaled air. This paper summarizes the results using various measurement systems, feature extraction and feature selection methods as well as algorithms such as Support Vector Machines, k-Nearest Neighbours and various variations of Neural Networks for the detection of diabetes in patient samples and simulated artificial breath samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paleczek
- Institute of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Computer Science Electronics and Telecommunications, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, POLAND
| | - Artur Maciej Rydosz
- Institute of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Computer Science Electronics and Telecommunications, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, POLAND
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20
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Zhang ZJ, Li PW, Liu LP, Ru LH, Tang HX, Feng WS. Amine-functionalized UiO-66 as a fluorescent sensor for highly selective detecting volatile organic compound biomarker of lung cancer. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Zhang J, Tian Y, Luo Z, Qian C, Li W, Duan Y. Breath volatile organic compound analysis: an emerging method for gastric cancer detection. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 34610588 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac2cde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy, being the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Diagnosis of gastric cancer at the early stage is critical to effectively improve the survival rate. However, a substantial proportion of patients with gastric cancer in the early stages lack specific symptoms or are asymptomatic. Moreover, the imaging techniques currently used for gastric cancer screening, such as computed tomography and barium examination, are usually radioactive and have low sensitivity and specificity. Even though endoscopy has high accuracy for gastric cancer screening, its application is limited by the invasiveness of the technique. Breath analysis is an economic, effective, easy to perform, non-invasive detection method, and has no undesirable side effects on subjects. Extensive worldwide research has been conducted on breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which reveals its prospect as a potential method for gastric cancer detection. Many interesting results have been obtained and innovative methods have been introduced in this subject; hence, an extensive review would be beneficial. By providing a comprehensive list of breath VOCs identified by gastric cancer would promote further research in this field. This review summarizes the commonly used technologies for exhaled breath analysis, focusing on the application of analytical instruments in the detection of breath VOCs in gastric cancers, and the alterations in the profile of breath biomarkers in gastric cancer patients are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
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22
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Popa C, Petrus M, Bratu AM, Negut I. Experimental Investigation on Water Adsorption Using Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Numerical Simulations. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195839. [PMID: 34640236 PMCID: PMC8510237 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present research we propose a model to assess the water vapors adsorption capacity of a SiO2 trap in the breathing circuit, aiming to reduce the loading of interfering compounds in human breath samples. In this study we used photoacoustic spectroscopy to analyze the SiO2 adsorption of interfering compounds from human breath and numerical simulations to study the flow of expired breath gas through porous media. As a result, the highest adsorption rate was achieved with a flow rate of 300 sccm, while the lowest rate was achieved with a flow rate of 600 sccm. In the procedure of H2O removal from the human breath air samples, we determined a quantity of 213 cm3 SiO2 pearls to be used for a 750 mL sampling bag, in order to keep the detection of ethylene free of H2O interference. The data from this study encourages the premise that the SiO2 trap is efficient in the reduction of interfering compounds (like water vapors) from the human breath.
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23
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Kim C, Raja IS, Lee JM, Lee JH, Kang MS, Lee SH, Oh JW, Han DW. Recent Trends in Exhaled Breath Diagnosis Using an Artificial Olfactory System. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:337. [PMID: 34562928 PMCID: PMC8467588 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Artificial olfactory systems are needed in various fields that require real-time monitoring, such as healthcare. This review introduces cases of detection of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a patient's exhaled breath and discusses trends in disease diagnosis technology development using artificial olfactory technology that analyzes exhaled human breath. We briefly introduce algorithms that classify patterns of odors (VOC profiles) and describe artificial olfactory systems based on nanosensors. On the basis of recently published research results, we describe the development trend of artificial olfactory systems based on the pattern-recognition gas sensor array technology and the prospects of application of this technology to disease diagnostic devices. Medical technologies that enable early monitoring of health conditions and early diagnosis of diseases are crucial in modern healthcare. By regularly monitoring health status, diseases can be prevented or treated at an early stage, thus increasing the human survival rate and reducing the overall treatment costs. This review introduces several promising technical fields with the aim of developing technologies that can monitor health conditions and diagnose diseases early by analyzing exhaled human breath in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntae Kim
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | | | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Nano Convergence Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | | | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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24
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Kalidoss R, Umapathy S, Rani Thirunavukkarasu U. A breathalyzer for the assessment of chronic kidney disease patients’ breathprint: Breath flow dynamic simulation on the measurement chamber and experimental investigation. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Salimi M, Rahmani F, Hosseini SMRM. Copper Fluoride Doped Polypyrrole for Portable and Enhanced Ammonia Sensing at Room Temperature. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Salimi
- Analytical Chemistry Iran University of science and technology Real Samples Analysis Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 1684613114 Ir
| | - Fereidoon Rahmani
- Department of Physico Chemistry Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute Department of Physico Chemistry, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute,Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) P.O. Box 31975/148 Karaj Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad R. M. Hosseini
- Analytical Chemistry Iran University of science and technology Real Samples Analysis Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 1684613114 Ir
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26
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Kalidoss R, Kothalam R, Manikandan A, Jaganathan SK, Khan A, Asiri AM. Socio-economic demands and challenges for non-invasive disease diagnosis through a portable breathalyzer by the incorporation of 2D nanosheets and SMO nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21216-21234. [PMID: 35478818 PMCID: PMC9034087 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis for non-invasive clinical diagnostics and treatment progression has penetrated the research community owing to the technological developments in novel sensing nanomaterials. The trace level selective detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath facilitates the study of physiological disorder and real-time health monitoring. This review focuses on advancements in chemiresistive gas sensor technology for biomarker detection associated with different diseases. Emphasis is placed on selective biomarker detection by semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) nanostructures, 2-dimensional nanomaterials (2DMs) and nanocomposites through various optimization strategies and sensing mechanisms. Their synergistic properties for incorporation in a portable breathalyzer have been elucidated. Furthermore, the socio-economic demands of a breathalyzer in terms of recent establishment of startups globally and challenges of a breathalyzer are critically reviewed. This initiative is aimed at highlighting the challenges and scope for improvement to realize a high performance chemiresistive gas sensor for non-invasive disease diagnosis. Breath analysis for non-invasive clinical diagnostics and treatment progression has penetrated the research community owing to the technological developments in novel sensing nanomaterials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramji Kalidoss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Selaiyur Tamil Nadu 600 073 India +91-9840-959832
| | - Radhakrishnan Kothalam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603 203 India
| | - A Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Selaiyur Tamil Nadu 600 073 India.,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Selaiyur Tamil Nadu 600 073 India
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.,Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Anish Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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27
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Steppert I, Schönfelder J, Schultz C, Kuhlmeier D. Rapid in vitro differentiation of bacteria by ion mobility spectrometry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4297-4307. [PMID: 33974116 PMCID: PMC8140968 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Rapid screening of infected people plays a crucial role in interrupting infection chains. However, the current methods for identification of bacteria are very tedious and labor intense. Fast on-site screening for pathogens based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) could help to differentiate between healthy and potentially infected subjects. As a first step towards this, the feasibility of differentiating between seven different bacteria including resistant strains was assessed using IMS coupled to multicapillary columns (MCC-IMS). The headspace above bacterial cultures was directly drawn and analyzed by MCC-IMS after 90 min of incubation. A cluster analysis software and statistical methods were applied to select discriminative VOC clusters. As a result, 63 VOC clusters were identified, enabling the differentiation between all investigated bacterial strains using canonical discriminant analysis. These 63 clusters were reduced to 7 discriminative VOC clusters by constructing a hierarchical classification tree. Using this tree, all bacteria including resistant strains could be classified with an AUC of 1.0 by receiver-operating characteristic analysis. In conclusion, MCC-IMS is able to differentiate the tested bacterial species, even the non-resistant and their corresponding resistant strains, based on VOC patterns after 90 min of cultivation. Although this result is very promising, in vivo studies need to be performed to investigate if this technology is able to also classify clinical samples. With a short analysis time of 5 min, MCC-IMS is quite attractive for a rapid screening for possible infections in various locations from hospitals to airports. Key Points • Differentiation of bacteria by MCC-IMS is shown after 90-min cultivation. • Non-resistant and resistant strains can be distinguished. • Classification of bacteria is possible based on metabolic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Steppert
- MicroDiagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jessy Schönfelder
- MicroDiagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany. .,Project Hub Microelectronic and Optical Systems for Biomedicine MEOS, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Erfurt, Germany.
| | - Carolyn Schultz
- MicroDiagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuhlmeier
- MicroDiagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany.,Project Hub Microelectronic and Optical Systems for Biomedicine MEOS, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Erfurt, Germany
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Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Exhaled Breath Compounds after Whole Grain Diets. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092667. [PMID: 34063191 PMCID: PMC8125105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath is a potential noninvasive matrix to give new information about metabolic effects of diets. In this pilot study, non-targeted analysis of exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was made by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-MS) to explore compounds relating to whole grain (WG) diets. Nine healthy subjects participated in the dietary intervention with parallel crossover design, consisting of two high-fiber diets containing whole grain rye bread (WGR) or whole grain wheat bread (WGW) and 1-week control diets with refined wheat bread (WW) before both diet periods. Large interindividual differences were detected in the VOC composition. About 260 VOCs were detected from exhaled breath samples, in which 40 of the compounds were present in more than half of the samples. Various derivatives of benzoic acid and phenolic compounds, as well as some furanones existed in exhaled breath samples only after the WG diets, making them interesting compounds to study further.
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Bannov AG, Popov MV, Brester AE, Kurmashov PB. Recent Advances in Ammonia Gas Sensors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:186. [PMID: 33673142 PMCID: PMC7918724 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review paper is devoted to an extended analysis of ammonia gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials. It provides a detailed comparison of various types of active materials used for the detection of ammonia, e.g., carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, and related materials. Different parameters that can affect the performance of chemiresistive gas sensors are discussed. The paper also gives a comparison of the sensing characteristics (response, response time, recovery time, operating temperature) of gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials. The results of our tests on ammonia gas sensors using various techniques are analyzed. The problems related to the recovery of sensors using various approaches are also considered. Finally, the impact of relative humidity on the sensing behavior of carbon nanomaterials of various different natures was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Bannov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
| | - Maxim V. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Brester
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
| | - Pavel B. Kurmashov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
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Ishida J, Oikawa T, Nakagawa C, Takano K, Fujioka K, Kikuchi Y, Tsuboi O, Ueda K, Nakano M, Saeki C, Torisu Y, Ikeda Y, Saruta M, Tsubota A. Real-time breath ammonia measurement using a novel cuprous bromide sensor device in patients with chronic liver disease: a feasibility and pilot study. J Breath Res 2021; 15:026010. [PMID: 33527916 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abb477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed a small portable sensor device using a p-type semiconductor cuprous bromide (CuBr) thin film to measure breath ammonia in real time with highsensitivity and selectivity. Breath ammonia is reportedly associated with chronic liver disease (CLD). We aimed to assess the practical utility of the novel CuBr sensor device for exhaled breath ammonia and the correlation between breath and blood ammonia in CLD patients. This was a feasibility and pilot clinical study of 21 CLD patients and 18 healthy volunteers. Breath ammonia was directly and quickly measured using the novel CuBr sensor device and compared with blood ammonia measured at the same time. CLD patients had significantly higher breath ammonia levels than healthy subjects (p = 1.51 × 10-3), with the level of significance being similar to that for blood ammonia levels (p= 0.024). Significant differences were found in breath and blood ammonia between the healthy and cirrhosis groups (p = 2.97 × 10-3 and 3.76 × 10-3, respectively). Significant, positive correlations between breath and blood ammonia were noted in the CLD group (R = 0.747, p = 1.00 × 10-4), healthy/CLD group (R = 0.741, p = 6.75 × 10-8), and cirrhosis group (R = 0.744, p = 9.52 × 10-4). In conclusion, the newly developed, easy-to-use, and small portable CuBr sensor device was able to non-invasively measure breath ammonia in real time. Breath ammonia measured using the device was correlated with blood ammonia and the presence of liver cirrhosis, and might be an alternative surrogate biomarker to blood ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinya Ishida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Co-equal first authors
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Tang L, Chang SJ, Chen CJ, Liu JT. Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technology: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6925. [PMID: 33291519 PMCID: PMC7731259 DOI: 10.3390/s20236925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, with the rise of global diabetes, a growing number of subjects are suffering from pain and infections caused by the invasive nature of mainstream commercial glucose meters. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has become an international research topic and a new method which could bring relief to a vast number of patients. This paper reviews the research progress and major challenges of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology in recent years, and divides it into three categories: optics, microwave and electrochemistry, based on the detection principle. The technology covers medical, materials, optics, electromagnetic wave, chemistry, biology, computational science and other related fields. The advantages and limitations of non-invasive and invasive technologies as well as electrochemistry and optics in non-invasives are compared horizontally in this paper. In addition, the current research achievements and limitations of non-invasive electrochemical glucose sensing systems in continuous monitoring, point-of-care and clinical settings are highlighted, so as to discuss the development tendency in future research. With the rapid development of wearable technology and transdermal biosensors, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring will become more efficient, affordable, robust, and more competitive on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tang
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Shwu Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, School of Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
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Slingers G, Goossens R, Janssens H, Spruyt M, Goelen E, Vanden EM, Raes M, Koppen G. Real-time selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry to assess short- and long-term variability in oral and nasal breath. J Breath Res 2020; 14:036006. [PMID: 32422613 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab9423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breath-based non-invasive diagnostics have the potential to provide valuable information about a person's health status. However, they are not yet widely used in clinical practice due to multiple factors causing variability and the lack of standardized procedures. This study focuses on the comparison of oral and nasal breathing, and on the variability of volatile metabolites over the short and long term. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) was used for online analysis of selected volatile metabolites in oral and nasal breath of 10 healthy individuals five times in one day (short-term) and six times spread over three weeks (long-term), resulting in nearly 100 breath samplings. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess short- and long-term biological variability. Additionally, the composition of ambient air was analyzed at different samplings. The selected volatiles common in exhaled breath were propanol, 2,3-butanedione, acetaldehyde, acetone, ammonia, dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, pentane, and propanal. Additionally, environmental compounds benzene and styrene were analyzed as well. Volatile metabolite concentrations in ambient air were not correlated with those in exhaled breath and were significantly lower than in breath samples. All volatiles showed significant correlation between oral and nasal breath. Five were significantly higher in oral breath compared to nasal breath, while for acetone, propanal, dimethyl sulfide, and ammonia, concentrations were similar in both matrices. Variability depended on the volatile metabolite. Most physiologically relevant volatiles (acetone, isoprene, propanol, acetaldehyde) showed good to very good biological reproducibility (ICC > 0.61) mainly in oral breath and over a short-term period of one day. Both breathing routes showed relatively similar patterns; however, bigger differences were expected. Therefore, since sampling from the mouth is practically more easy, the latter might be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Slingers
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Agoralaan 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Unit Health, Industriezone Vlasmeer 2400, Mol, Belgium. Paediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Stadsomvaart 3500, Belgium
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Chen Q, Chen Z, Liu D, He Z, Wu J. Constructing an E-Nose Using Metal-Ion-Induced Assembly of Graphene Oxide for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer via Exhaled Breath. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17713-17724. [PMID: 32203649 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A flexible electronic-nose (E-nose) was constructed by assembling graphene oxide (GO) using different types of metal ions (Mx+) with different ratio of GO to Mx+. Owing to the cross-linked networks, the Mx+-induced assembly of graphene films resulted in different porous structures. A chemi-resistive sensor array was constructed by coating the GO-M hybrid films on PET substrate patterned with 8 interdigited electrodes, followed by in situ reduction of GO to rGO with hydrazine vapor. Each of the sensing elements on the sensor array showed a cross-reactive response toward different types of gases at room temperature. Compared to bare rGO, incorporation of metal species into rGO significantly improved sensitivity owing to the additional interaction between metal species and gas analyte. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that four types of exhaled breath (EB) biomarkers including acetone, isoprene, ammonia, and hydrothion in sub-ppm concentrations can be discriminated well. To overcome the interference from humidity in EB, a protocol to collect and analyze EB gases was established and further validated by simulated EB samples. Finally, clinical EB samples collected from patients with lung cancer and healthy controls were analyzed. In a 106 case study, the healthy group can be accurately distinguished from lung cancer patients by linear discrimination analysis. With the assistance of an artificial neural network, a sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 96.0% can be achieved in the diagnosis of lung cancer based on the E-nose. We also find that patients with renal failure can be distinguished through comparison of dynamic response curves between patient and healthy samples on some specific sensing elements. These results demonstrate the proposed E-nose will have great potential in noninvasive disease screening and personalized healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofen Chen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Development of a new system to collect and dry patient exhalation samples for laser photo-acoustic gas analyzer. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:33-41. [PMID: 32291606 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work is devoted to the development of a new system for collecting and drying patient exhalation samples for a laser photo-acoustic gas analyzer for express analysis of exhaled air, as well as the possibility of ozone sterilization of the gas tract after use. It is proposed to collect the patient's exhalation in a disposable sterile plastic bag, place it in a low-temperature freezer chamber to freeze the water vapor, and then transfer part of the dried exhaled sample to the gas analyzer using a disposable syringe. It is proposed to use ozone purge for 10-15 min to sterilize the gas path. Experimentally, it is shown that the water vapor content in the exhalation samples decreased by ~ 20 times when the packet with samples was kept at a temperature of - 18 °C during 10 min. Cooling the exhalation sample in the packet to - 45 °С and lower will allow reducing the water vapor content at least 200 times from the initial level. A new universal system for collecting and drying of patient exhalation samples for a medical laser photo-acoustic gas analyzer has been developed and tested. A gas path for a medical laser gas analyzer has been designed, which allows sterilization of the internal gas path surfaces using ozone purging.
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Dumitras DC, Petrus M, Bratu AM, Popa C. Applications of Near Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Analysis of Human Respiration: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E1728. [PMID: 32283766 PMCID: PMC7180475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, applications of near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy are presented as an opportunity to evaluate human respiration because the measurement of breath is fast, intact and simple to implement. Recently, analytical methods for measuring biomarkers in exhaled air have been extensively developed. With laser-based photoacoustic spectroscopy, volatile organic compounds can be identified with high sensitivity, at a high rate, and with very good selectivity. The literature review has shown the applicability of near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy to one of the problems of the real world, i.e., human health. In addition, the review will consider and explore different breath sampling methods for human respiration analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan C. Dumitras
- University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mioara Petrus
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Laser Department, 409 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG 36, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.P.); (A.-M.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Ana-Maria Bratu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Laser Department, 409 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG 36, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.P.); (A.-M.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristina Popa
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Laser Department, 409 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG 36, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.P.); (A.-M.B.); (C.P.)
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Asanuma K, Hino S, Maruo YY. Development of an analytical chip for nitrogen monoxide detection using porous glass impregnated with 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Khan RMM, Chua ZJY, Tan JC, Yang Y, Liao Z, Zhao Y. From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatments and Translational Research. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E546. [PMID: 31470636 PMCID: PMC6780236 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, a silent killer, is one of the most widely prevalent conditions of the present time. According to the 2017 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) statistics, the global prevalence of diabetes among the age group of 20-79 years is 8.8%. In addition, 1 in every 2 persons is unaware of the condition. This unawareness and ignorance lead to further complications. Pre-diabetes is the preceding condition of diabetes, and in most of the cases, this ultimately leads to the development of diabetes. Diabetes can be classified into three types, namely type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes. The diagnosis of both pre-diabetes and diabetes is based on glucose criteria; the common modalities used are fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A glucometer is commonly used by diabetic patients to measure blood glucose levels with fast and rather accurate measurements. A few of the more advanced and minimally invasive modalities include the glucose-sensing patch, SwEatch, eyeglass biosensor, breath analysis, etc. Despite a considerable amount of data being collected and analyzed regarding diabetes, the actual molecular mechanism of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unknown. Both genetic and epigenetic factors are associated with T2DM. The complications of diabetes can predominantly be classified into two categories: microvascular and macrovascular. Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are grouped under microvascular complications, whereas stroke, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) belong to macrovascular complications. Unfortunately, until now, no complete cure for diabetes has been found. However, the treatment of pre-diabetes has shown significant success in preventing the further progression of diabetes. To prevent pre-diabetes from developing into T2DM, lifestyle intervention has been found to be very promising. Various aspects of diabetes, including the aforementioned topics, have been reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radia Marium Modhumi Khan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Zoey Jia Yu Chua
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Chi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yingying Yang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Li W, Dai W, Liu M, Long Y, Wang C, Xie S, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Peng X, Liu Y, Li Q, Duan Y. VOC biomarkers identification and predictive model construction for lung cancer based on exhaled breath analysis: research protocol for an exploratory study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028448. [PMID: 31399453 PMCID: PMC6701581 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in China, as well as in the world. Late diagnosis is the main obstacle to improving survival. Currently, early detection methods for lung cancer have many limitations, for example, low specificity, risk of radiation exposure and overdiagnosis. Exhaled breath analysis is one of the most promising non-invasive techniques for early detection of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to identify volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers in lung cancer and to construct a predictive model for lung cancer based on exhaled breath analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study will recruit 389 lung cancer patients in one cancer centre and 389 healthy subjects in two lung cancer screening centres. Bio-VOC breath sampler and Tedlar bag will be used to collect breath samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase microextraction technique will be used to analyse VOCs in exhaled breath. VOC biomarkers with statistical significance and showing abilities to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy subjects will be selected for the construction of predictive model for lung cancer. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan Cancer Hospital on 6 April 2017 (No. SCCHEC-02-2017-011). The results of this study will be disseminated in presentations at academic conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals and the news media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-DOD-17011134; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijing Long
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohua Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Graduate School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanling Liu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinchenxi Zhang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuling Shi
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Graduate School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Graduate School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abdulla S, Dhakshinamoorthy J, Mohan V, Veeran Ponnuvelu D, Krishnan Kallidaikuruchi V, Mathew Thalakkotil L, Pullithadathil B. Development of low-cost hybrid multi-walled carbon nanotube-based ammonia gas-sensing strips with an integrated sensor read-out system for clinical breath analyzer applications. J Breath Res 2019; 13:046005. [PMID: 31170701 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab278b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the development of Ag@polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite-based sensor strips and a suitable integrated electronic read-out system for the measurement of trace-level concentrations of ammonia (NH3). The sensor is optimized under various operating conditions and the resulting sensor exhibited an enhanced response (32% for 2 ppm) with excellent selectivity. Stable performance was observed towards NH3 in the presence of high concentrations of CO2 (>40 000 ppm), simulated and real breath samples. A suitable electronic sensor read-out system has also been designed and developed based on multi-scale resistance-to-voltage conversion architecture, processed by a 32-bit microcontroller which is operatable over a wide range of sensor resistance (1 kΩ to 200 MΩ). As a proof of concept, integration of gas-sensing strips with the electronic read-out system was tested with various levels of NH3 (<2 ppm as normal, >2 ppm as critical and 2 ppm as threshold), which is important for clinical breath analyzer applications. The developed prototype device can be readily incorporated into a portable, low-cost and non-invasive point-of-care breath NH3 detection unit for portable pre-diagnostic breath analyzer applications.
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Franchi G, Zollo S, Pennazza G, Santonico M, Capocelli M, Di Paola L, Piemonte V. Characterization of innovative sensors for volatile organic compounds trace compounds in biogas. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franchi
- Unit of Chemical–Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of EngineeringUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma Rome Italy
| | - Sharon Zollo
- Unit of Chemical–Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of EngineeringUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma Rome Italy
| | - Giorgio Pennazza
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of EngineeringUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma Rome Italy
| | - Marco Santonico
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of EngineeringUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Capocelli
- Unit of Chemical–Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of EngineeringUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma Rome Italy
| | - Luisa Di Paola
- Unit of Chemical–Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of EngineeringUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma Rome Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piemonte
- Unit of Chemical–Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of EngineeringUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma Rome Italy
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Chandran D, Ooi EH, Watson DI, Kholmurodova F, Jaenisch S, Yazbeck R. The Use of Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry Technology to Identify Breath Volatile Organic Compounds for the Detection of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060306. [PMID: 31242578 PMCID: PMC6631766 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide, with approximately 630,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The development of low-cost and non-invasive tools for the detection of HNSCC using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath could potentially improve patient care. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) technology to identify breath VOCs for the detection of HNSCC. Materials and Methods: Breath samples were obtained from HNSCC patients (N = 23) and healthy volunteers (N = 21). Exhaled alveolar breath samples were collected into FlexFoil® PLUS (SKC Limited, Dorset, UK) sampling bags from newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed, untreated patients with HNSCC and from non-cancer participants. Breath samples were analyzed by Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) (Syft Technologies, Christchurch, New Zealand) using Selective Ion Mode (SIM) scans that probed for 91 specific VOCs that had been previously reported as breath biomarkers of HNSCC and other malignancies. Results: Of the 91 compounds analyzed, the median concentration of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was significantly higher in the HNSCC group (2.5 ppb, 1.6–4.4) compared to the non-cancer group (1.1 ppb, 0.9–1.3; Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p < 0.05). A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.801 (95% CI, 0.65952–0.94296), suggesting moderate accuracy of HCN in distinguishing HNSCC from non-cancer individuals. There were no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of the other compounds of interest that were analyzed. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of SIFT-MS technology to identify VOCs for the detection of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhinashini Chandran
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia.
| | - Eng H Ooi
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia.
| | - David I Watson
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia.
| | - Feruza Kholmurodova
- Flinders Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia.
| | - Simone Jaenisch
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia.
| | - Roger Yazbeck
- Discipline of Surgery, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia.
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Rothbart N, Holz O, Koczulla R, Schmalz K, Hübers HW. Analysis of Human Breath by Millimeter-Wave/Terahertz Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2719. [PMID: 31212999 PMCID: PMC6630364 DOI: 10.3390/s19122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breath gas analysis is a promising tool for medical research and diagnosis. A particularly powerful technological approach is millimeter-wave/terahertz (mmW/THz) spectroscopy, because it is a very sensitive and highly selective technique. In addition, it offers the potential for compact and affordable sensing systems for wide use. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of a mmW/THz spectrometer for breath analysis. Samples from three volunteers and a sample from ambient air were analyzed with respect to 31 different molecular species. High-resolution absorption spectra were measured by scanning two absorption lines from each species. Out of the 31, a total of 21 species were detected. The results demonstrate the potential of mmW/THz spectroscopy for breath analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Rothbart
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Rembert Koczulla
- The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Pulmonology, Institute for Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
- Schön Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Department for Pulmonology, Teaching Hospital of the Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
- Teaching Department of the Paracelsus University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Klaus Schmalz
- IHP-Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.
| | - Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Hybrid Analytical Platform Based on Field-Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Infrared Sensing, and Luminescence-Based Oxygen Sensing for Exhaled Breath Analysis. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19122653. [PMID: 31212768 PMCID: PMC6630267 DOI: 10.3390/s19122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reliable online analysis of volatile compounds in exhaled breath remains a challenge, as a plethora of molecules occur in different concentration ranges (i.e., ppt to %) and need to be detected against an extremely complex background matrix. Although this complexity is commonly addressed by hyphenating a specific analytical technique with appropriate preconcentration and/or preseparation strategies prior to detection, we herein propose the combination of three different detector types based on truly orthogonal measurement principles as an alternative solution: Field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy-based sensors utilizing substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG), and luminescence sensing (LS). By carefully aligning the experimental needs and measurement protocols of all three methods, they were successfully integrated into a single compact analytical platform suitable for online measurements. The analytical performance of this prototype system was tested via artificial breath samples containing nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and acetone as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) commonly present in breath. All three target analytes could be detected within their respectively breath-relevant concentration range, i.e., CO2 and O2 at 3-5 % and at ~19.6 %, respectively, while acetone could be detected with LOQs as low as 165-405 ppt. Orthogonality of the three methods operating in concert was clearly proven, which is essential to cover a possibly wide range of detectable analytes. Finally, the remaining challenges toward the implementation of the developed hybrid FAIMS-FTIR-LS system for exhaled breath analysis for metabolic studies in small animal intensive care units are discussed.
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Wang KH, Hsieh JC, Chen CC, Zan HW, Meng HF, Kuo SY, Nguyễn MTN. A low-cost, portable and easy-operated salivary urea sensor for point-of-care application. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:352-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Sánchez C, Santos JP, Lozano J. Use of Electronic Noses for Diagnosis of Digestive and Respiratory Diseases through the Breath. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E35. [PMID: 30823459 PMCID: PMC6468564 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased occurrence of chronic diseases related to lifestyle or environmental conditions may have a detrimental effect on long-term health if not diagnosed and controlled in time. For this reason, it is important to develop new noninvasive early diagnosis equipment that allows improvement of the current diagnostic methods. This, in turn, has led to an exponential development of technology applied to the medical sector, such as the electronic nose. In addition, the appearance of this type of technology has allowed the possibility of studying diseases from another point of view, such as through breath analysis. This paper presents a bibliographic review of past and recent studies, selecting those investigations in which a patient population was studied with electronic nose technology, in order to identify potential applications of this technology in the detection of respiratory and digestive diseases through the analysis of volatile organic compounds present in the breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez
- Institute of Physics Technology and Information (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Up Devices and Technologies, 28021 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Pedro Santos
- Institute of Physics Technology and Information (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Lozano
- Industrial Engineering School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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Welearegay TG, Diouani MF, Österlund L, Ionescu F, Belgacem K, Smadhi H, Khaled S, Kidar A, Cindemir U, Laouini D, Ionescu R. Ligand-Capped Ultrapure Metal Nanoparticle Sensors for the Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Disease in Exhaled Breath. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2532-2540. [PMID: 30403135 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human cutaneous leishmaniasis, although designated as one of the most neglected tropical diseases, remains underestimated due to its misdiagnosis. The diagnosis is mainly based on the microscopic detection of amastigote forms, isolation of the parasite, or the detection of Leishmania DNA, in addition to its differential clinical characterization; these tools are not always available in routine daily practice, and they are expensive and time-consuming. Here, we present a simple-to-use, noninvasive approach for human cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis, which is based on the analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath with an array of specifically designed chemical gas sensors. The study was realized on a group of n = 28 volunteers diagnosed with human cutaneous leishmaniasis and a group of n = 32 healthy controls, recruited in various sites from Tunisia, an endemic country of the disease. The classification success rate of human cutaneous leishmaniasis patients achieved by our sensors test was 98.2% accuracy, 96.4% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Remarkably, one of the sensors, based on CuNPs functionalized with 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, yielded 100% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 100% specificity for human cutaneous leishmaniasis discrimination. While AuNPs have been the most extensively used in metal nanoparticle-ligand sensing films for breath sensing, our results demonstrate that chemical sensors based on ligand-capped CuNPs also hold great potential for breath volatile organic compounds detection. Additionally, the chemical analysis of the breath samples with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry identified nine putative breath biomarkers for human cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfalem Geremariam Welearegay
- MINOS-EMaS, Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mohamed Fethi Diouani
- Institut Pasteur
de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology
(LEMV), University Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Lars Österlund
- Molecular Fingerprint AB Sweden, Uppsala 75655, Sweden
- The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Florina Ionescu
- MINOS-EMaS, Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Kamel Belgacem
- Institut Pasteur
de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology
(LEMV), University Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Smadhi
- Ibn Nafis Pneumology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Samira Khaled
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rue 9 Avril 1938, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhamid Kidar
- Regional Hospital Houssine Bouzaiene of Gafsa, Gafsa Douali 2100, Tunisia
| | - Umut Cindemir
- Molecular Fingerprint AB Sweden, Uppsala 75655, Sweden
- The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Dhafer Laouini
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), University Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Radu Ionescu
- MINOS-EMaS, Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
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Oakley-Girvan I, Davis SW. Breath based volatile organic compounds in the detection of breast, lung, and colorectal cancers: A systematic review. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:29-39. [PMID: 29060925 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could provide a rapid, noninvasive, and inexpensive screening tool for detecting cancer. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we identified specific exhaled breath VOCs correlated with lung, colorectal, and breast cancer. METHODS We identified relevant studies published in 2015 and 2016 by searching Pubmed and Web of Science. The protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and the PRISMA guidelines were used in reporting. VOCs and performance data were extracted. RESULTS Three hundred and thirty three records were identified and 43 papers were included in the review, of which 20 were review articles themselves. We identified 17 studies that listed the VOCs with at least a subset of statistics on detection cutoff levels, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and gradient. CONCLUSIONS Breath analysis for cancer screening and early detection shows promise, because samples can be collected easily, safely, and frequently. While gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is considered the gold standard for identifying specific VOCs, breath analysis has moved into analyzing patterns of VOCs using a variety of different multiple sensor techniques, such as eNoses and nanomaterials. Further development of VOCs for early cancer detection requires clinical trials with standardized breath sampling methods.
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Compact devices for generation of reference trace VOC mixtures: a new concept in assuring quality at chemical and biochemical laboratories. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2619-2628. [PMID: 29468292 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas mixtures at trace level (nmol/mol) are routinely measured by chemical and biochemical laboratories as climate indicators, indoor air quality pollutants from building materials emissions, contaminants in food and beverages, and biomarkers in body fluids (blood, urine, breath) of occupational exposure or human diseases. Current analytical instruments used for measurements are gas chromatographs equipped with various injector and detector configurations. The assurance of measurement quality is done by using a huge amount of certified liquid VOC standard solutions (or gaseous VOC standard cylinders) with multiple dilutions to reach the required trace level. This causes high standard uncertainty in instrument calibrations, high cost, and high consumption of analysis and laboratory personal time. In this paper, we present the implementation of portable generators producing VOC gas standards at trace level for automatic and direct calibration of VOC detectors employed in various contexts, removing the need for preparation of matrix calibration standards in cylinders. Two compact devices in-house developed by two national metrology institutes-the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) and the Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS)-are here used to dynamically generate reference gas mixtures in an SI traceable way. The two devices are based on different technologies: diffusion and permeation, for INRIM and METAS, respectively. A metrological characterization is given and the practical implementation at chemical and biochemical laboratories is discussed. Graphical abstract Onsite calibration with transportable generation system with similar performances to primary laboratory devices.
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Saasa V, Malwela T, Beukes M, Mokgotho M, Liu CP, Mwakikunga B. Sensing Technologies for Detection of Acetone in Human Breath for Diabetes Diagnosis and Monitoring. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:E12. [PMID: 29385067 PMCID: PMC5871995 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review describes the technologies used in the field of breath analysis to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus. Currently the diagnosis and monitoring of blood glucose and ketone bodies that are used in clinical studies involve the use of blood tests. This method entails pricking fingers for a drop of blood and placing a drop on a sensitive area of a strip which is pre-inserted into an electronic reading instrument. Furthermore, it is painful, invasive and expensive, and can be unsafe if proper handling is not undertaken. Human breath analysis offers a non-invasive and rapid method for detecting various volatile organic compounds thatare indicators for different diseases. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the body produces excess amounts of ketones such as acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone. Acetone is exhaled during respiration. The production of acetone is a result of the body metabolising fats instead of glucose to produce energy. There are various techniques that are used to analyse exhaled breath including Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS), laser photoacoustic spectrometry and so on. All these techniques are not portable, therefore this review places emphasis on how nanotechnology, through semiconductor sensing nanomaterials, has the potential to help individuals living with diabetes mellitus monitor their disease with cheap and portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Saasa
- DST/CSIR, PO BOX 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Departmentof Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | | | - Mervyn Beukes
- Departmentof Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Matlou Mokgotho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Limpopo, P/Bag x1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
| | - Chaun-Pu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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50
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Haas J, Catalán EV, Piron P, Karlsson M, Mizaikoff B. Infrared spectroscopy based on broadly tunable quantum cascade lasers and polycrystalline diamond waveguides. Analyst 2018; 143:5112-5119. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00919h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently emerging broadly tunable quantum cascade lasers (tQCL) emitting in the mid-infrared (MIR) are a versatile alternative to well established thermal emitters in combination with interferometers as applied in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haas
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Department of Engineering Sciences
| | | | - Pierre Piron
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- SE-75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Mikael Karlsson
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Uppsala University
- SE-75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
- Molecular Fingerprint Sweden AB
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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