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Khijmatgar S, Yong J, Rübsamen N, Lorusso F, Rai P, Cenzato N, Gaffuri F, Del Fabbro M, Tartaglia GM. Salivary biomarkers for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and head/neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): A systematic review and network meta-analysis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:32-39. [PMID: 38204964 PMCID: PMC10776379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer became a very common condition. WHO estimates that there are 4 cases of lip and oral cavity cancer for every 100,000 people worldwide. The early diagnosis of cancers is currently a top focus in the health sector. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have identified promising biomarkers for early detection in several original research investigations. However, it is still unclear the quality of these evidence and which biomarker performs the best in terms of early detection. Therefore, the objective was, to map the methodological and reporting quality of available oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or head/neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Secondly, to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of salivary biomarkers for common craniofacial cancers and to compare the diagnostic value of different salivary biomarkers. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library electronic databases were used to map the methodological and reporting quality of the systematic reviews and meta-analysis conducted on the HNSCC, OSCC using the AMSTAR-2 checklist. The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews and meta-analysis published in the topic of HNSCC and OSCC biomarkers. Exclusion criteria were no animal studies; original primary studies, due to limitation of competency in other languages articles with language other than English were excluded. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for salivary biomarkers and ranked according to network meta-analysis principles. A total of N = 5893 patients were included from four meta-analysis studies. All together, these included n = 37 primary studies. n = 94 biomarkers were pooled from these four meta-analyses and categorised into the stages at which they were detected (I-IV). In OSCC, Chemerin and MMP-9 displayed the highest sensitivity, registering 0.94 (95% CI 0.78, 1.00) and a balanced accuracy of 0.93. Phytosphingosine closely followed, with a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.68, 0.99) and a balanced accuracy of 0.87. For HNSCC, the top three biomarkers are Actin, IL-1β Singleplex, and IL-8 ELISA. Actin leads with a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.68-0.99), a specificity of 0.67, and an overall accuracy of 0.79. Subsequently, IL-1β Singleplex exhibits a sensitivity of 0.62 (95% CI 0.30-0.88), a specificity of 0.89, and an accuracy of 0.75, followed by IL-8 ELISA with a sensitivity of 0.81 (95% CI 0.54-0.97), a specificity of 0.59, and an accuracy of 0.70. In conclusion, there was highest sensitivity for MMP-9 and chemerin salivary biomarkers. There is need of further more studies to identify biomarkers for HNSCC and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Khijmatgar
- SC Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale e Odontostomatologia, Fondazione Ca’Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Josh Yong
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, USA
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti - Pescara: Chieti, Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Pooja Rai
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolo Cenzato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Franscesca Gaffuri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
- SC Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale e Odontostomatologia, Fondazione Ca’Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
- SC Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale e Odontostomatologia, Fondazione Ca’Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
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Jagadeesan D, Sathasivam KV, Fuloria NK, Balakrishnan V, Khor GH, Ravichandran M, Solyappan M, Fuloria S, Gupta G, Ahlawat A, Yadav G, Kaur P, Husseen B. Comprehensive insights into oral squamous cell carcinoma: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advances. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 261:155489. [PMID: 39111016 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as it holds 90 % of HNSCC cases that arise from multiple locations in the oral cavity. The last three decades witnessed little progress in the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC the aggressive tumor. However, in-depth knowledge about OSCC's pathogenesis, staging & grading, hallmarks, and causative factors is a prime requirement in advanced diagnosis and treatment for OSCC patients. Therefore present review was intended to comprehend the OSCCs' prevalence, staging & grading, molecular pathogenesis including premalignant stages, various hallmarks, etiology, diagnostic methods, treatment (including FDA-approved drugs with the mechanism of action and side effects), and theranostic agents. The current review updates that for a better understanding of OSCC progress tumor-promoting inflammation, sustained proliferative signaling, and growth-suppressive signals/apoptosis capacity evasion are the three most important hallmarks to be considered. This review suggests that among all the etiology factors the consumption of tobacco is the major contributor to the high incidence rate of OSCC. In OSCC diagnosis biopsy is considered the gold standard, however, toluidine blue staining is the easiest and non-invasive method with high accuracy. Although there are various therapeutic agents available for cancer treatment, however, a few only are approved by the FDA specifically for OSCC treatment. The present review recommends that among all available OSCC treatments, the antibody-based CAR-NK is a promising therapeutic approach for future cancer treatment. Presently review also suggests that theranostics have boosted the advancement of cancer diagnosis and treatment, however, additional work is required to refine the role of theranostics in combination with different modalities in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharshini Jagadeesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Kathiresan V Sathasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Goot Heah Khor
- Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, SungaiBuloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia; Oral and Maxillofacial Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Manickam Ravichandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Maheswaran Solyappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome-Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abhilasha Ahlawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Yadav
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - Pandeep Kaur
- National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Beneen Husseen
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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Żurek M, Czesak M, Czerwińska ME, Berezovska D, Niemczyk K, Rzepakowska A. A double-blind randomized clinical trial of inflammatory cytokine and pepsin levels in the saliva of patients with voice prostheses. Head Neck 2024; 46:2116-2122. [PMID: 38864228 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheoesophageal speech is one of the most effective method used for voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy. The main limitation is the need for periodic voice prothesis (VP) replacements. The process of developing VP usage complications is still unexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the level of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα) and pepsin in saliva as potential factors reducing VP longevity. METHODS Prospective double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted (NCT04268459). Patients were randomly divided into two groups depending on VP replacement regimen (regular-every 3 months, or irregular-when complications occur). Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, and pepsin in saliva samples (fasting and after eating) of laryngectomized patients were measured using ELISA tests. RESULTS Fifty-two patients (26 in both groups) with control group (7 patients) participated in the study. The level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, and pepsin did not differ according to regularity of VP replacements (p = 0.301-0.801). IL-6 levels were significantly higher when VP complications occurs (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The saliva components were not significantly different depending on the frequency of VP replacements. IL-6 plays an important role in the development of VP use complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Żurek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czesak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika E Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daria Berezovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Niemczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepakowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Rungraungrayabkul D, Gaewkhiew P, Vichayanrat T, Shrestha B, Buajeeb W. What is the impact of nicotine pouches on oral health: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:889. [PMID: 39097712 PMCID: PMC11297755 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increase in nicotine pouch (NP) users, particularly among the young, is a matter of concern requiring a comprehensive understanding of its short- and long-term oral health implications. The objective of this research was to systematically review potential oral side-effects associated with NP usage. METHODS This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Trial, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant studies up to February 2024. Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposure (ROBINS-E) tool were used to assess the quality and bias of the included studies. RESULTS Three studies were included for this review, two from Europe and one from USA, and considered of a total of 190 participants. All studies were deemed to have a high risk of bias. Participants used NP for periods ranging from 1 month to 10 years. Among these studies, only one study provided information on the usage pattern between 1 and 5 units for an average of 11 ± 7 min per session. Oral mucosal changes at the site of placement were common among NP users. Oral lesions varied from slight wrinkling to various white lesions, seemingly related to the NP units consumed per day and their duration of usage. Other oral side effects included dry mouth, soreness, gingival blisters, and a strange jaw sensation. CONCLUSIONS Research on the use of NP and its effect on oral health are currently limited. The use of NP should take into consideration the short-and-long-term effects, especially on oral health. Further studies are crucial to understand oral health implications associated with NP usage. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration number CRD 42,024,500,711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulyapong Rungraungrayabkul
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Piyada Gaewkhiew
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tippanart Vichayanrat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Binit Shrestha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Waranun Buajeeb
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health Education and Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Farhad SZ, Karbalaeihasanesfahani A, Dadgar E, Nasiri K, Esfahaniani M, Nabi Afjadi M. The role of periodontitis in cancer development, with a focus on oral cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:814. [PMID: 39008163 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that begins as gingivitis and can lead to gum recession, bone loss, and tooth loss if left untreated. It is primarily caused by bacterial infection, which triggers inflammation and the formation of periodontal pockets. Notably, periodontitis is associated with systemic health issues and has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and cancers. Accordingly, the presence of chronic inflammation and immune system dysregulation in individuals with periodontitis significantly contributes to the initiation and progression of various cancers, particularly oral cancers. These processes promote genetic mutations, impair DNA repair mechanisms, and create a tumor-supportive environment. Moreover, the bacteria associated with periodontitis produce harmful byproducts and toxins that directly damage the DNA within oral cells, exacerbating cancer development. In addition, chronic inflammation not only stimulates cell proliferation but also inhibits apoptosis, causes DNA damage, and triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these factors play a crucial role in the progression of cancer in individuals affected by periodontitis. Further, specific viral and bacterial agents, such as hepatitis B and C viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and Porphyromonas gingivalis, contribute to cancer development through distinct mechanisms. Bacterial infections have systemic implications for cancer development, while viral infections provoke immune and inflammatory responses that can lead to genetic mutations. This review will elucidate the link between periodontitis and cancers, particularly oral cancers, exploring their underlying mechanisms to provide insights for future research and treatment advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Zahra Farhad
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeel Dadgar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Esfahaniani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Cirillo N. A Roadmap for the Rational Use of Biomarkers in Oral Disease Screening. Biomolecules 2024; 14:787. [PMID: 39062501 PMCID: PMC11274832 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral health has witnessed a significant transformation with the integration of biomarkers in early-diagnostic processes. This article briefly reviews the types of biomarkers used in the screening and early detection of oral diseases, particularly oral cancer, periodontal diseases, and dental caries, with an emphasis on molecular biomarkers. While the advent of these biomarkers may represent a leap forward in oral healthcare, it also opens the door to potential overtesting, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment. To inform the selection of novel biomarkers and ensure their rational use in screening tests, it is imperative to consider some key characteristics, which are specific to the biomarker (e.g., surrogate biomarkers should reliably reflect the primary health outcome), to the test (e.g., sensitivity and specificity must be balanced based on the disease of interest), and to the disease (e.g., the efficacy of treatment should improve when the condition is diagnosed earlier). For systemic conditions associated with oral diseases, researchers should be extremely cautious when determining who is "at risk", particularly when such risk is small, non-existent, or inconsequent. This framework aims to ensure that advancements in oral health diagnostics translate into genuine improvements in patient care and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cirillo
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
- CoTreatAI, CoTreat Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Borg KN, Jaffiol R, Ho YP, Zeng S. Enhanced biosensing of tumor necrosis factor-alpha based on aptamer-functionalized surface plasmon resonance substrate and Goos-Hänchen shift. Analyst 2024; 149:3017-3025. [PMID: 38606503 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) serves as a crucial biomarker in various diseases, necessitating sensitive detection methodologies. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing an aptamer-functionalized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) substrate together with an ultrasensitive measure, the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift, to achieve sensitive detection of TNF-α. The developed GH-aptasensing platform has shown a commendable figure-of-merit of 1.5 × 104 μm per RIU, showcasing a maximum detectable lateral position shift of 184.7 ± 1.2 μm, as characterized by the glycerol measurement. Employing aptamers as the recognition unit, the system exhibits remarkable biomolecule detection capabilities, including the experimentally obtained detection limit of 1 aM for the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), spanning wide dynamic ranges. Furthermore, the system successfully detects TNF-α, a small cytokine, with an experimental detection limit of 1 fM, comparable to conventional SPR immunoassays. This achievement represents one of the lowest experimentally derived detection limits for cytokines in aptamer-based SPR sensing. Additionally, the application of the GH shift marks a ground breaking advancement in aptamer-based biosensing, holding significant promise for pushing detection limits further, especially for small cytokine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Nygaard Borg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-UMR 7076, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France.
| | - Rodolphe Jaffiol
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-UMR 7076, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France.
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-UMR 7076, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France.
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K HS, R G, Ramani P, Veeraraghavan VP. Longitudinal study on salivary IL-6 trajectories in postoperative OSCC patients after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:101909. [PMID: 38729427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses a significant healthcare challenge globally, necessitating precise biomarkers for effective management. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in saliva has emerged as a potential biomarker, yet its dynamics post-chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain underexplored. AIM The aim of our study is to investigate the longitudinal dynamics of salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in postoperative OSCC patients over a one-year follow-up period after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. METHODS This longitudinal study enrolled 60 participants, including postoperative OSCC patients and controls, collecting saliva samples over one year. RT-PCR and ELISA techniques measured IL-6 expression. Statistical analyses, including repeated measures ANOVA and univariate tests, evaluated IL-6 dynamics. RESULTS Pre-treatment, OSCC patients exhibited elevated IL-6 levels compared to controls. Post-therapy, IL-6 levels decreased significantly with p < .0001, indicating treatment response and further result to baseline normalizing at 6-month follow-up. Significant differences were observed across treatment stages, supporting IL-6 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for OSCC. RT-PCR and ELISA results showed the statistical significance of IL-6's role as a predictive marker. CONCLUSION Salivary IL-6 emerges as a promising biomarker in OSCC management, necessitating further research to harness its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. By understanding IL-6 dynamics, personalized treatment approaches can be developed to improve patient outcomes. Longitudinal studies with larger cohorts and multi-omics approaches are warranted to validate findings and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Shree K
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri R
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yáñez L, Soto C, Tapia H, Pacheco M, Tapia J, Osses G, Salinas D, Rojas-Celis V, Hoare A, Quest AFG, Díaz-Elizondo J, Pérez-Donoso JM, Bravo D. Co-Culture of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum Synergistically Elevates IL-6 Expression via TLR4 Signaling in Oral Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3611. [PMID: 38612423 PMCID: PMC11011619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, characterized by persistent inflammation in the periodontium, is intricately connected to systemic diseases, including oral cancer. Bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, play a pivotal role in periodontitis development because they contribute to dysbiosis and tissue destruction. Thus, comprehending the interplay between these bacteria and their impacts on inflammation holds significant relevance in clinical understanding and treatment advancement. In the present work, we explored, for the first time, their impacts on the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators after infecting oral keratinocytes (OKs) with a co-culture of pre-incubated P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. Our results show that the co-culture increases IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α expressions, synergistically augments IL-6, and translocates NF-kB to the cell nucleus. These changes in pro-inflammatory mediators-associated with chronic inflammation and cancer-correlate with an increase in cell migration following infection with the co-cultured bacteria or P. gingivalis alone. This effect depends on TLR4 because TLR4 knockdown notably impacts IL-6 expression and cell migration. Our study unveils, for the first time, crucial insights into the outcomes of their co-culture on virulence, unraveling the role of bacterial interactions in polymicrobial diseases and potential links to oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Yáñez
- Microbial Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (L.Y.); (C.S.); (H.T.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (G.O.); (J.D.-E.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Cristopher Soto
- Microbial Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (L.Y.); (C.S.); (H.T.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (G.O.); (J.D.-E.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Héctor Tapia
- Microbial Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (L.Y.); (C.S.); (H.T.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (G.O.); (J.D.-E.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Martín Pacheco
- Microbial Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (L.Y.); (C.S.); (H.T.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (G.O.); (J.D.-E.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Javiera Tapia
- Microbial Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (L.Y.); (C.S.); (H.T.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (G.O.); (J.D.-E.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Gabriela Osses
- Microbial Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (L.Y.); (C.S.); (H.T.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (G.O.); (J.D.-E.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Daniela Salinas
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (D.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Victoria Rojas-Celis
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (D.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jessica Díaz-Elizondo
- Microbial Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (L.Y.); (C.S.); (H.T.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (G.O.); (J.D.-E.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Donoso
- BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Microbial Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile; (L.Y.); (C.S.); (H.T.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (G.O.); (J.D.-E.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
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10
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Irimeș MB, Tertiș M, Oprean R, Cristea C. Unrevealing the connection between real sample analysis and analytical method. The case of cytokines. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:23-65. [PMID: 37246889 DOI: 10.1002/med.21978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are compounds that belong to a special class of signaling biomolecules that are responsible for several functions in the human body, being involved in cell growth, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes. Thus, they represent valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and drug therapy monitoring certain medical conditions. Because cytokines are secreted in the human body, they can be detected in both conventional samples, such as blood or urine, but also in samples less used in medical practice such as sweat or saliva. As the importance of cytokines was identified, various analytical methods for their determination in biological fluids were reported. The gold standard in cytokine detection is considered the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and the most recent ones have been considered and compared in this study. It is known that the conventional methods are accompanied by a few disadvantages that new methods of analysis, especially electrochemical sensors, are trying to overcome. Electrochemical sensors proved to be suited for the elaboration of integrated, portable, and wearable sensing devices, which could also facilitate cytokines determination in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Bianca Irimeș
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertiș
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Pekarek L, Garrido-Gil MJ, Sánchez-Cendra A, Cassinello J, Pekarek T, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Rios-Parra A, Álvarez-Mon M, Acero J, Diaz-Pedrero R, Ortega MA. Emerging histological and serological biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Applications in diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and personalized therapeutics (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:213. [PMID: 37859591 PMCID: PMC10620846 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and accounts for >90% of all oral cancers. Despite advances in diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions, overall survival has not improved significantly in recent decades, primarily due to late diagnosis, locoregional recurrence and treatment resistance. Identifying reliable biomarkers for early detection, prognosis evaluation and treatment response prediction is critical for improving clinical outcomes in patients with OSCC. In the present review, the prognostic and predictive utility of circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumour cells, serological biomarkers and histological and genetic biomarkers, were explored in the context of OSCC. In addition, the potential role of immune checkpoints in the treatment of OSCC was highlighted and the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy and its potential to revolutionize diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and treatment were examined. The existing evidence for the clinical utility of these biomarkers was critically evaluated and the challenges and limitations associated with their introduction into routine clinical practice were addressed. In conclusion, the present review highlights the promising role of biomarkers in improving the current understanding of the pathogenesis of OSCC and offers potential avenues for improving patient care through personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Maria J. Garrido-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Javier Cassinello
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Tatiana Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Antonio Rios-Parra
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine, Network Biomedical Research Center in The Thematic Area of Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julio Acero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, University of Alcalá, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Farnesi E, Rinaldi S, Liu C, Ballmaier J, Guntinas-Lichius O, Schmitt M, Cialla-May D, Popp J. Label-Free SERS and MD Analysis of Biomarkers for Rapid Point-of-Care Sensors Detecting Head and Neck Cancer and Infections. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8915. [PMID: 37960614 PMCID: PMC10648186 DOI: 10.3390/s23218915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
For the progress of point-of-care medicine, where individual health status can be easily and quickly monitored using a handheld sensor, saliva serves as one of the best-suited body fluids thanks to its availability and abundance of physiological indicators. Salivary biomarkers, combined with rapid and highly sensitive detection tools, may pave the way to new real-time health monitoring and personalized preventative therapy branches using saliva as a target matrix. Saliva is increasing in importance in liquid biopsy, a non-invasive approach that helps physicians diagnose and characterize specific diseases in patients. Here, we propose a proof-of-concept study combining the unique specificity in biomolecular recognition provided by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which give leave to explore the biomolecular absorption mechanism on nanoparticle surfaces, in order to verify the traceability of two validated salivary indicators, i.e., interleukin-8 (IL-8) and lysozyme (LYZ), implicated in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral infection. This strategy simultaneously assures the detection and interpretation of protein biomarkers in saliva, ultimately opening a new route for the evolution of fast and accurate point-of-care SERS-based sensors of interest in precision medicine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Farnesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Chen Liu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonas Ballmaier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.B.); (O.G.-L.)
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.B.); (O.G.-L.)
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (E.F.); (C.L.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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13
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Lenka S, Bhuyan SK, Bhuyan R. Deregulation of cytokine affecting oral neutrophil subsets in oral cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:307. [PMID: 37755539 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent form of leukocytes in human blood, neutrophils, is regarded as an essential part of the innate immune system and the body's 1st line of defense against foreign invaders. However, divergent opinions arise on the role of neutrophils in cancer, likely due to the occurrence of many neutrophil subsets. Several factors in the tumor microenvironment were found to modify the phenotype and function of neutrophils. Inhibitory cytokine production and recruitment of protumor immune cells to the tumor microenvironment are the reasons for immune suppression. Although some salivary cytokines were found to be increased in cancer patient's saliva, simultaneously, it was observed that those cytokines are high in other oral inflammatory conditions. So, it is challenging to distinguish at what level of expression those cytokines are involved in the neoplastic process. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide a summary of the current information about the existence and presence of specific cytokines that impact cPMN and TAN and their potential activities in the context of healthy and cancer states so that we can relate to oPMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhansubala Lenka
- Department of Medical Research, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Bhuyan
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ruchi Bhuyan
- Department of Medical Research, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
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14
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Majdinasab M, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Marty JL. Recent Progresses in Optical Biosensors for Interleukin 6 Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:898. [PMID: 37754132 PMCID: PMC10526799 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is pleiotropic cytokine with pathological pro-inflammatory effects in various acute, chronic and infectious diseases. It is involved in a variety of biological processes including immune regulation, hematopoiesis, tissue repair, inflammation, oncogenesis, metabolic control, and sleep. Due to its important role as a biomarker of many types of diseases, its detection in small amounts and with high selectivity is of particular importance in medical and biological fields. Laboratory methods including enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs) are the most common conventional methods for IL-6 detection. However, these techniques suffer from the complexity of the method, the expensiveness, and the time-consuming process of obtaining the results. In recent years, too many attempts have been conducted to provide simple, rapid, economical, and user-friendly analytical approaches to monitor IL-6. In this regard, biosensors are considered desirable tools for IL-6 detection because of their special features such as high sensitivity, rapid detection time, ease of use, and ease of miniaturization. In this review, current progresses in different types of optical biosensors as the most favorable types of biosensors for the detection of IL-6 are discussed, evaluated, and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Majdinasab
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran;
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM—UMR 6283 CNRS), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France;
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- BAE: Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France
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15
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Tanan Karaca G, Duygu G, Er N, Ozgun E. Comparative Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin after Mandibular Wisdom Tooth Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4250. [PMID: 37445285 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) applied to the extraction socket after impacted mandibular third molar surgery with subjective and objective parameters. Forty-eight patients with impacted wisdom teeth in bilateral and similar positions were included in the study. The control group was formed with the standard surgery and the PRF group was formed with local PRF application in addition to standard procedure (n = 96). The anti-inflammatory activity of PRF on postoperative 2nd and 7th days was evaluated subjectively by clinical parameters and objectively by biochemical parameters. Postoperative 2nd- and 7th-day follow-up data of pain, edema, and trismus in the PRF group were found to be statistically significantly lower. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were found to be statistically significantly lower in the PRF group than the control in the postoperative 2nd-day follow-up period (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) parameters when the PRF group and the control group were compared in both follow-up periods (p > 0.05). The study has demonstrated the effectiveness of locally applied PRF after ITM surgery via clinical parameters and objective data. The quantitative analysis of CRP and ERS can be an effective parameter in determining the amount of inflammation after ITM surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonca Duygu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Türkiye
| | - Nilay Er
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Türkiye
| | - Eray Ozgun
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Türkiye
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16
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Budi HS, Farhood B. Targeting oral tumor microenvironment for effective therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:101. [PMID: 37221555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers are among the common head and neck malignancies. Different anticancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and also targeted molecular therapy may be prescribed for targeting oral malignancies. Traditionally, it has been assumed that targeting malignant cells alone by anticancer modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy suppresses tumor growth. In the last decade, a large number of experiments have confirmed the pivotal role of other cells and secreted molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor progression. Extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells such as tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play key roles in the progression of tumors like oral cancers and resistance to therapy. On the other hand, infiltrated CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells are key anti-tumor cells that suppress the proliferation of malignant cells. Modulation of extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells, and also stimulation of anticancer immunity have been suggested to treat oral malignancies more effectively. Furthermore, the administration of some adjuvants or combination therapy modalities may suppress oral malignancies more effectively. In this review, we discuss various interactions between oral cancer cells and TME. Furthermore, we also review the basic mechanisms within oral TME that may cause resistance to therapy. Potential targets and approaches for overcoming the resistance of oral cancers to various anticancer modalities will also be reviewed. The findings for targeting cells and potential therapeutic targets in clinical studies will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Al-ibraheem J, Zyara Y, Al-Quraine N, Abdulridha WM. Correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin-1beta in smokers with dental caries. F1000Res 2023; 12:175. [PMID: 37224312 PMCID: PMC10173202 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129649.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases of the oral cavity, and is an inflammatory disease caused by several factors. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a major mediator of acute inflammation and essential for the development of specific immune responses. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of secretory IgA (s-IgA) and IL-1β in the saliva of smokers with dental caries, and to discover the correlation between these parameters and dental caries. Methods. Saliva samples were collected from 30 smokers, age range 21-70 years, with dental caries, in addition to 18 healthy non-smoker volunteers, age range 21-65 years. s-IgA and IL-1β levels in the saliva samples were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The mean saliva IgA levels between smokers with dental caries group and healthy subjects were not significantly different (p=0.077), while the saliva levels of IL-1β were higher in the smokers in dental caries group, with a significant difference of p<0.05. No significant associations were found between s-IgA and IL-1β levels, and other parameters such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p>0.05). There were highly positive associations and significant differences between IL-1β and CRP levels in the two groups under the study (p=0.006). Conclusions. Our study revealed a significant increase in IL-1β levels in saliva of smokers with dental caries, and a positive association between IL-1β levels and caries disease. There is no significant relationship between elevated IL-1β levels and s-IgA in smokers with dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Al-ibraheem
- Department of Conservative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yassir Zyara
- Department of Conservative, Faculty of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Nibrass Al-Quraine
- Department of Conservative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
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18
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Lenka S, Bhola RK, Varanasi PR, Bhuyan SK, Bhuyan R. Understanding the functional relevance of oral neutrophils, phenotype and properties in OSCC. Med Oncol 2023; 40:134. [PMID: 37010645 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the predominant white blood cells (WBC) that are recruited to the sites of inflammation and infection. They are acknowledged to perform dual roles by promoting (pro-tumor) or by exhibiting anti-cancer properties (anti-tumor). Neutrophils are characterized based on the changes in phenotype and functional properties. To this context, circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (cPMN) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in cancer biology has been well explored but limited to oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, oPMNs are eminent in maintaining the healthy oral ecosystem by neutralizing microorganisms. Neutralization process enhances the expression of cell surface markers (CD11b, CD63, CD66, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66e) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and IL-8) and increases the recruitment of neutrophils. Along with the inflammation, it has been reported that CEACAM1 and chemerin also favors the infiltration of neutrophils to the cancer site. This indicates that oPMN might contribute to the aetiology of OSCC. The main objective of this review is to explore, the production and migration of oPMNs to the oral cavity, their phenotypes and possible role in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhansubala Lenka
- Department of Medical Research, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Bhola
- Department of Pathology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pavankumar R Varanasi
- Department of Medical Research, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Bhuyan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ruchi Bhuyan
- Department of Medical Research, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
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19
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Yu X, Shi Y, Yuan R, Chen Z, Dong Q, Han L, Wang L, Zhou J. Microbial dysbiosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13198. [PMID: 36793959 PMCID: PMC9922960 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to summarize previously published data and assess the alterations in the composition of the oral microbiome in OSCC using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Design Electronic databases were systematically searched for studies on the oral microbiome in OSCC published before December 2021. Qualitative assessments of compositional variations at the phylum level were performed. The meta-analysis on abundance changes of bacteria genera was performed via a random-effects model. Results A total of 18 studies involving 1056 participants were included. They consisted of two categories of studies: 1) case-control studies (n = 9); 2) nine studies that compared the oral microbiome between cancerous tissues and paired paracancerous tissues. At the phylum level, enrichment of Fusobacteria but depletion in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in the oral microbiome was demonstrated in both categories of studies. At the genus level, Fusobacterium showed an increased abundance in OSCC patients (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.87, Z = 5.809, P = 0.000) and in cancerous tissues (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.72, Z = 5.785, P = 0.000). The abundance of Streptococcus was decreased in OSCC (SMD = -0.46, 95% CI: -0.88-0.04, Z = -2.146, P = 0.032) and in cancerous tissues (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.78-0.13, Z = -2.726, P = 0.006). Conclusions Disturbances in the interactions between enriched Fusobacterium and depleted Streptococcus may participate in or prompt the occurrence and development of OSCC and could be potential biomarkers for detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yu
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China,Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yongmei Shi
- Department of Outpatient, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Rongtao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linzi Han
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China,Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China,Corresponding author.
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20
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Dholariya S, Singh RD, Sonagra A, Yadav D, Vajaria BN, Parchwani D. Integrating Cutting-Edge Methods to Oral Cancer Screening, Analysis, and Prognosis. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:11-44. [PMID: 37830214 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023047772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) has become a significant barrier to health worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. OC is among the most prevalent types of cancer that affect the head and neck region, and the overall survival rate at 5 years is still around 50%. Moreover, it is a multifactorial malignancy instigated by genetic and epigenetic variabilities, and molecular heterogeneity makes it a complex malignancy. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are often the first warning signs of OC, although it is challenging to predict which cases will develop into malignancies. Visual oral examination and histological examination are still the standard initial steps in diagnosing oral lesions; however, these approaches have limitations that might lead to late diagnosis of OC or missed diagnosis of OPMDs in high-risk individuals. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the currently used novel techniques viz., liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarray, nanotechnology, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or microfluidics, and artificial intelligence (AI) for the clinical diagnostics and management of this malignancy. The potential of these novel techniques in expanding OC diagnostics and clinical management is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Sonagra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Deepak Parchwani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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21
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Rani NAJ, Vardhan BGH, Srinivasan S, Gopal SK. Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-6 in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders, Chronic Periodontitis and in Healthy Controls - A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2023; 13:70-75. [PMID: 37711518 PMCID: PMC10499290 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_240_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 95% among all head and neck cancers. Literature reveals saliva as a predictive, diagnostic and prognostic tool in carcinoma, inflammatory and genetic disorders. Expression of salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported in patients with OSCC and in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). This study aims at the following objectives: • To evaluate the changes in the salivary levels of IL-6 in healthy individuals and those with chronic periodontitis (CP), OPMD and OSCC. • To compare the estimated levels of salivary IL-6 individually in healthy individuals and those with CP, OPMD and OSCC. • To assess the estimated levels of salivary IL-6 individually within histopathologically differentiated OSCC. • To analyse salivary IL-6 as a reliable biomarker in the diagnosis of OSCC. Materials and Methods Totally, 60 patients were divided into four groups consisting of 15 patients in each group. Salivary samples were collected by simple drooling method. The concentration of IL-6 is to be determined by using Quantitative sandwich ELISA technique. All analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results The concentration values of IL-6 were found to be more in OSCC group in comparison with the other three groups and the concentration values of OPMD were found to be more than in the CP and control group and was statistically significant. Discussion We attempted a study to evaluate the salivary IL-6 in patients with OSCC, OPMDs and CP in comparison with the healthy controls. We achieved a pragmatic result showed that salivary IL-6 can be a reliable biomarker in the detection of OSCC. Saliva, due its wide array of functional characteristics, is an upcoming diagnostic fluid in the field of medicine and salivary IL-6 can be one such biomarker in the diagnosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Alice Josephine Rani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. G. Harsha Vardhan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srividhya Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saraswathi K. Gopal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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António M, Lima T, Vitorino R, Daniel-da-Silva AL. Interaction of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles with Urine and Saliva Biofluids: An Exploratory Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4434. [PMID: 36558287 PMCID: PMC9785464 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of gold nanoparticles for drug delivery, photothermal or photodynamic therapy, and biosensing enhances the demand for knowledge about the protein corona formed on the surface of nanoparticles. In this study, gold nanospheres (AuNSs), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) were incubated with saliva or urine. After the interaction, the surface of gold nanoparticles was investigated using UV-VIS spectroscopy, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering. The shifting of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band, the increase in hydrodynamic diameter, and the changes in the surface charge of nanoparticles indicated the presence of biomolecules on the surface of AuNSs, AuNRs, and AuNFs. The incubation of AuNFs with saliva led to nanoparticle aggregation and minimal protein adsorption. AuNSs and AuNRs incubated in saliva were analyzed through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the 96 proteins adsorbed on the surface of the gold nanoparticles. Among the 20 most abundant proteins identified, 14 proteins were common in both AuNSs and AuNRs. We hypothesize that the adsorption of these proteins was due to their high sulfur content, allowing for their interaction with gold nanoparticles via the Au-S bond. The presence of distinct proteins on the surface of AuNSs or AuNRs was also investigated and possibly related to the competition between proteins present on the external layers of corona and gold nanoparticle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria António
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Lima
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Phycology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Daniel-da-Silva
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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23
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Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proteomic Overview. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10040037. [PMID: 36412636 PMCID: PMC9680331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Endoscopic methods may be useful in the evaluation of oral injuries even though the diagnostic gold standard is a biopsy. Targeted screenings could be considered the best way to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer. Aimed to elucidate the potential identification of specific biomarkers of OSCC, the use of saliva is convenient and noninvasive. Many studies reported more than a hundred putative saliva biomarkers for OSCC, and proteogenomic approaches were fundamental to disclosing this issue. METHODS Relevant literature published in the last few years was systematically searched on PubMed and we focused on articles about the use and study of salivary biomarkers in the diagnostics of head and neck cancer (n = 110). Thereafter, we performed a selection focusing on diagnosis with salivary proteomics in OSCC (n = 8). RESULTS Saliva proteomics can be a source of biomarkers for OSCC. We reviewed literature of biomarker proteins in saliva that could also be evaluated as probable targets for non-invasive screening of oral neoplasm such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and acute-phase response proteins. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of salivary biomarkers is a highly hopeful technique for the diagnosis of OSCC. Proteogenomic approaches could permit an accurate and early diagnosis of OSCC. This review seeks to generate an up-to-date view on translational OSCC issues by raising awareness of researchers, physicians, and surgeons. Renewed clinical studies, which will validate the sensitivity and specificity of salivary biomarkers, are necessary to translate these results into possible strategies for early diagnosis of OSCC, thus improving patient outcomes.
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24
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Associations between salivary cytokines and oral health, age, and sex in healthy children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15991. [PMID: 36163488 PMCID: PMC9512800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva is a complex fluid containing proteins such as salivary cytokines, which can be used for diagnostic purposes, particularly among the pediatric population. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of salivary cytokines in healthy children and adolescents and determine their associations with age, sex, and oral and dental findings. Healthy children and adolescents aged 4–18 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The concentrations of the following salivary cytokines were measured by Luminex technology: IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A. Additionally, oral and dental parameters were recorded using a standardized protocol. A total of 128 participants (mean age, 10.7 years; males, 50.8%) were enrolled. The levels of 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly higher in those with gingivitis. Increased salivary flow rates were negatively correlated with IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A concentrations. The findings of this study showed that the concentrations of most of the salivary cytokines were positively correlated with age and the presence of oral pathologies (such as gingivitis and caries) and negatively correlated with salivary flow rate.
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25
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Miluna S, Melderis R, Briuka L, Skadins I, Broks R, Kroica J, Rostoka D. The Correlation of Swedish Snus, Nicotine Pouches and Other Tobacco Products with Oral Mucosal Health and Salivary Biomarkers. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080154. [PMID: 36005252 PMCID: PMC9406994 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In society, tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco products, such as snus and nicotine pouches, are becoming more attractive. There is still a lack of information regarding the effects of these products on the oral mucosa and oral saliva biomarkers. The aim of this study is to evaluate oral mucosa and the presence of inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, IL-1, IL-8, TNF alpha and LRG-1 in saliva. Respondents were divided in four groups based on their tobacco product usage. Oral examination was carried out, saliva samples were taken, and the detection of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1, TNF alpha and LRG-1 levels in saliva was carried out. Out of the tobacco users, 30.8% were snus users, 48.7% were cigarette users and 20.5% were e-cigarette users. The control group was composed of respondents who did not use any tobacco products. E-cigarettes were used more by women, but snus was used more by men. Mucosal changes were seen in the group of snus users, and mucosal changes were only seen in men who had used 5–10 tobacco units per day for 5–10 years. Increased IL-6 levels in saliva were detected in respondents who also experienced mucosal changes. Mucosal changes were white, leathery and localized at the site where snus sachets were placed. Saliva, as an easily available biofluid, could be used as a first tool to detect potentially precancerous signs, but the LRG1 marker cannot be used as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintija Miluna
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricards Melderis
- Emergency Department, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Loreta Briuka
- Department of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ingus Skadins
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Renars Broks
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Juta Kroica
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dagnija Rostoka
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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26
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Ni Y, Low JT, Silke J, O'Reilly LA. Digesting the Role of JAK-STAT and Cytokine Signaling in Oral and Gastric Cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835997. [PMID: 35844493 PMCID: PMC9277720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When small proteins such as cytokines bind to their associated receptors on the plasma membrane, they can activate multiple internal signaling cascades allowing information from one cell to affect another. Frequently the signaling cascade leads to a change in gene expression that can affect cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) are the pivotal mechanisms employed for such communication. When deregulated, the JAK-STAT and the TNF receptor signaling pathways can induce chronic inflammatory phenotypes by promoting more cytokine production. Furthermore, these signaling pathways can promote replication, survival and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will summarize the essentials of the JAK/STAT and TNF signaling pathways and their regulation and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The consequences of dysregulation, as ascertained from founding work in haematopoietic malignancies to more recent research in solid oral-gastrointestinal cancers, will also be discussed. Finally, this review will highlight the development and future of therapeutic applications which modulate the JAK-STAT or the TNF signaling pathways in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun T Low
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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27
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MAIT cells and their implication in human oral diseases. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1041-1054. [PMID: 35781343 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unique innate-like T cells that are abundant in humans, accounting for 1-10% of circulating T cells and about 2% of total T cells in human oral cavity. MAIT cells can mount a strong immune response quickly without exogenous antigens and undergo a phenotypic transformation in the development of diseases. They produce cytokines involved in the Th1 and Th17 immune response and cytotoxic proteins, promote the dysfunction of autoreactive B cell and inhibit the function of NK cells. MAIT cells have been widely explored in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and tumors, and these mechanisms may also be involved in the pathogenesis of some oral diseases, while MAIT cells have not been systematically discussed in oral diseases. METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Microsoft Bing databases to review and analyze relevant literatures on the impact of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of human oral diseases. CONCLUSION Collected evidence elucidated the characteristics of MAIT cells and emphasized the potential roles of MAIT cells in oral lichen planus (OLP), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), apical periodontitis (AP) and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).
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28
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Kondoh N, Mizuno-Kamiya M. The Role of Immune Modulatory Cytokines in the Tumor Microenvironments of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122884. [PMID: 35740551 PMCID: PMC9221278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant phenotypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of immune modulatory cytokines associated with tumor microenvironments (TMEs). We first present the immune modulatory effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro- and anti- (pro-/anti-) inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. We then report our evaluation of the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumors and stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. Several chemokines mediate lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. There are therapeutic approaches, using antitumoral cytokines or immunotherapies, that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. Finally, modulation by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in HNSCC phenotypes and the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients are discussed. Abstract HNSCCs are the major progressive malignancy of the upper digestive and respiratory organs. Malignant phenotypes of HNSCCs are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of the immune modulatory cytokines associated with TMEs, i.e., a representative pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, plays a role as an anti-tumor regulator against HNSCCs; however, IFN-γ also drives programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 expression to promote cancer stem cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 promotes the cytotoxic activity of T cells and natural killer cells; however, endogenous IL-2 can promote regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in the protection of HNSCCs. In this report, we first classified and mentioned the immune modulatory aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. In the TME of HNSCCs, pro-tumoral immune modulation is mediated by stromal cells, including CAFs, MDSCs, pDCs, and TAMs. Therefore, we evaluated the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells. In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. We therefore evaluated the possibility of chemokines mediating lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. We also mention therapeutic approaches using anti-tumoral cytokines or immunotherapies that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. We finally discuss modulation by HPV infection upon HNSCC phenotypes, as well as the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-329-1416; Fax: +81-58-329-1417
| | - Masako Mizuno-Kamiya
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Business Administration, Asahi University School of Business Administration, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan;
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29
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Keyser BM. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response of smokeless tobacco extracts and cytotoxicity of combustible cigarette whole smoke in a 3D oral organotypic buccal cell model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:352-361. [PMID: 34923904 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.2009949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral disease is frequently associated with viral and environmental exposures and oral hygiene. The use of tobacco is a risk factor in the development of oral disease. Cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress have been reported to have a role in the development of oral disease. These three endpoints were evaluated in a 3D human oral buccal model, EpiOral™, following exposure to CORESTA reference smokeless tobacco products (CRPs) and cigarette whole smoke. CRPs for Swedish style snus (CRP1), moist snuff (CRP2), and dry snuff (CRP3) were each extracted in complete artificial saliva (CAS) with a ratio of 300 mg CRP to 1 mL of CAS. Each of the CRP extracts (15-300 mg/ml) were applied to the apical side of a 3D organotypic buccal cell model for 24 or 48 h continuously, then cytotoxicity (LDH), oxidative stress (8-isoprostane), and inflammatory response (IP10, IL-1α, and IL-8) were measured. Experiments with 3R4F cigarettes were conducted by exposing the buccal tissues to whole smoke for a maximum of 2.5 h. Cytotoxicity (MTT) was measured 24 h post-exposure. Exposure of buccal tissues to whole smoke from a cigarette induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic response. In contrast, the CRP extracts elicited minimal cytotoxicity (<15%) when compared to CAS (vehicle control), but time- and dose-dependent effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response were observed. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a 3D organotypic buccal human model may be used to assess biological mechanisms (MOAs) involved in the development of oral disease following exposure to smokeless tobacco products and may be applicable for differentiation between tobacco product categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Keyser
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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30
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Comprehensive Review on Development of Early Diagnostics on Oral Cancer with a Special Focus on Biomarkers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequent head and neck cancers is oral cancer, with less than half of those diagnosed surviving five years. Despite breakthroughs in the treatment of many other cancers, the prognosis for people with OSCC remains dismal. The conventional methods of detection include a thorough clinical examination, biochemical investigations, and invasive biopsies. Early identification and treatment are important for a better chance of extending a patient’s life. Early diagnosis may be possible by identifying biomarkers in biological fluids. Currently, the primary method for diagnosing oral lesions is a visual oral examination; however, such a technique has certain drawbacks, as individuals are recognized after their cancer has advanced to a severe degree. The first section of this review discusses several diagnostic techniques for cancer detection, while the second section discusses the present state of knowledge about known existing predictive markers for the timely identification of malignant lesions, as well as disease activity tracking. The aim of the paper is to conduct a critical review of existing oral cancer diagnostic processes and to consider the possible application of innovative technology for early detection. This might broaden our diagnostic choices and enhance our capacity to identify and treat oral malignant tumors more effectively.
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31
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To compare the levels of salivary Interleukin 6 between oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the levels of salivary Interleukin 6 between oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. After ethical clearance and informed consent, the saliva samples were collected from 20 patients of OPMD’S, 20 patients of OSCC and 10 controls. Salivary IL-6 levels were detected by enzyme linked Immunosorbent essay and appropriate statistical analysis was done. Significant differences in IL-6 concentration between OSCC, OPMD’S and controls were noted. Salivary IL-6 levels were higher in OSCC. The results of present study concluded that the level of salivary IL-6 in OSCC is significantly higher than oral potentially malignant disorders like OSMF and oral epithelial dysplasia and controls. This biomarker can be utilized as a major asset for early detection of cancer and can open a new horizon for treatment plans of targeted therapy.
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32
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He L, Norris C, Cui X, Li Z, Barkjohn KK, Teng Y, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Oral cavity response to air pollutant exposure and association with pulmonary inflammation and symptoms in asthmatic children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112275. [PMID: 34710437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) may lead to inflammation and oxidative damage in the oral cavity, which is hypothesized to contribute to the worsening of airway inflammation and asthma symptoms. In this panel study of 43 asthmatic children aged 5-13 years old, each child had 4 clinic visits with a 2-week interval between two consecutive visits. At each visit, saliva samples were collected and subsequently analyzed for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as biomarkers of inflammation and malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in the oral cavity. At each visit, children were measured for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as a marker of pulmonary inflammation. Asthma symptoms of these children were measured using the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT). We found that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in 24-h average personal exposure to PM2.5 measured 1 and 2 days prior was associated with increased salivary IL-6 concentration by 3.0% (95%CI: 0.2%-6.0%) and 4.2% (0.7%-8.0%), respectively. However, we did not find a clear association between personal O3 exposure and any of the salivary biomarkers, except for a negative association between salivary MDA and O3 exposure measured 1 day prior. An IQR increase in salivary IL-6 concentration was associated with significantly increased FeNO by 28.8% (4.3%-53.4%). In addition, we found that increasing salivary IL-6 concentrations were associated with decreased individual and total C-ACT scores, indicating the worsening of asthma symptoms. We estimated that 13.2%-22.2% of the associations of PM2.5 exposure measured 1 day prior with FeNO and C-ACT scores were mediated by salivary IL-6. These findings suggest that the induction of inflammation in the oral cavity may have played a role in linking air pollution exposure with the worsening of airway inflammation and asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | | | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Rong L, Chen B, Liu K, Liu B, He X, Liu J, Li J, He M, Zhu L, Liu K, Shi X, Shuai Y, Jin L. CircZDBF2 up-regulates RNF145 by ceRNA model and recruits CEBPB to accelerate oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via NFκB signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2022; 20:148. [PMID: 35365168 PMCID: PMC8973790 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), as one of the commonest malignancies showing poor prognosis, has been increasingly suggested to be modulated by circular RNAs (circRNAs). Through GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database, a circRNA derived from ZDBF2 (circZDBF2) was uncovered to be with high expression in OSCC tissues, while how it may function in OSCC remains unclear. Methods CircZDBF2 expression was firstly verified in OSCC cells via qRT-PCR. CCK-8, along with colony formation, wound healing, transwell and western blot assays was performed to assess the malignant cell behaviors in OSCC cells. Further, RNA pull down assay, RIP assay, as well as luciferase reporter assay was performed to testify the interaction between circZDBF2 and RNAs. Results CircZDBF2 expressed at a high level in OSCC cells and it accelerated OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion as well as EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) process. Further, circZDBF2 sponged miR-362-5p and miR-500b-5p in OSCC cells to release their target ring finger protein 145 (RNF145). RNF145 expressed at a high level in OSCC cells and circZDBF2 facilitated RNF145 transcription by recruiting the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB). Moreover, RNF145 activated NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway and regulated IL-8 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8) transcription. Conclusion CircZDBF2 up-regulated RNF145 expression by sponging miR-362-5p and miR-500b-5p and recruiting CEBPB, thereby promoting OSCC progression via NFκB signaling pathway. The findings recommend circZDBF2 as a probable therapeutic target for OSCC. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03347-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Rong
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyao He
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maodian He
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Shuai
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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He L, Chen H, Xu J, Shao M. Primer Exchange Reaction-Synthesized DNAzyme for the Sensitive Determination of an Oral Cancer Protein Biomarker. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2029468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Libang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology & West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology & West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Meiying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology & West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Ranjbar MA, Jamshidi M. Overexpression of Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein 1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Correlation with Tumor Differentiation and Metastasis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2022; 34:3-8. [PMID: 35145930 PMCID: PMC8801010 DOI: 10.22038/ijorl.2021.51683.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overexpression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) has been demonstrated in different types of cancers, such as ovarian carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and colorectal carcinoma. Nonetheless, the expression of LAMP1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been investigated yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 patients with OSCC selected from the Department of Pathology of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The control group comprised 55 tissues of normal oral epithelium. The expression of LAMP1 in OSCC tissue samples was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The association between LAMP1 and clinicopathological features of patients with OSCC was also evaluated. RESULTS The expression of LAMP1 was significantly higher in OSCC tissues, as compared to that in normal tissues (P<0.001). The chi-square analysis indicated that the high LAMP1 expression was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and metastasis (P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results pointed to the overexpression of LAMP1 in OSCC, as well as its correlation with tumor grade and metastasis; therefore, LAMP1 might have a role to play in OSCC pathogenesis and could be regarded as an independent prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ranjbar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Correspondence Author: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.E-mail:
| | - Maryam Jamshidi
- Undergraduate Student, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ackerman LH, de Mello Souza CH, Cortés-Hinojosa G, Salute ME, Stephen AA, Anthony E, Shiomitsu K, Milner RJ. Identification of the interleukin-8 (CXCL-8) pathway in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma - A pilot study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2022; 86:13-19. [PMID: 34975217 PMCID: PMC8697325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to detect the presence of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the potential downstream effects of IL-8 receptor activation in 2 previously characterized feline oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SCCF1 and SCCF2). Interleukin-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) was initially detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A previously validated and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to measure IL-8 production in the supernatant of the 2 cell lines. Western blot was used to detect phosphorylation of proteins (AKT, ERK1/2, JAK2, STAT3, and Src), known to be downstream of interleukin-8 receptor activation. The IL-8 receptor-specific antagonists, Reparixin and SCH527123, were used to identify effects on phosphorylation of these proteins. Interleukin-8 mRNA and protein were detected in both SCCF1 and SCCF2 by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2, STAT3, and Src was detected in both cell lines. Inhibition of the IL-8 receptor led to a decrease in phosphorylation of Src, but not ERK1/2 or STAT3. In conclusion, feline squamous cell carcinoma cell lines can produce IL-8. Phosphorylation of Src seems, at least in part, a consequence of IL-8 receptor activation. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3, although present, seems independent of IL-8 receptor activation. Due to its potential effects on the tumor microenvironment, in addition to its autocrine effects on Src phosphorylation, the inhibition of the IL-8 receptor may become a beneficial therapeutic tool. Evaluation of the presence of both IL-8 and Src in many cases should elucidate their importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah H Ackerman
- University of Florida Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of Florida Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Carlos H de Mello Souza
- University of Florida Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of Florida Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Galaxia Cortés-Hinojosa
- University of Florida Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of Florida Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Marc E Salute
- University of Florida Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of Florida Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Alexa A Stephen
- University of Florida Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of Florida Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anthony
- University of Florida Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of Florida Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- University of Florida Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of Florida Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Rowan J Milner
- University of Florida Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of Florida Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
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Manzano-Moreno FJ, Costela-Ruiz VJ, García-Recio E, Olmedo-Gaya MV, Ruiz C, Reyes-Botella C. Role of Salivary MicroRNA and Cytokines in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12215. [PMID: 34830096 PMCID: PMC8624198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent oral malignant tumor worldwide. An early diagnosis can have a major positive impact on its prognosis. Human saliva contains cytokines, DNA and RNA molecules, circulating cells, and derivatives of tissues and extracellular vesicles, among other factors that can serve as biomarkers. Hence, the analysis of saliva may provide useful information for the early diagnosis of OSCC for its prognosis. The objective of this review was to determine the potential usefulness of salivary biomarkers (cytokines and microRNA) to diagnose OSCC and improve its prognosis. A combination of salivary miRNA and proteomic data could allow a definitive and early diagnosis to be obtained. However, there remains a need to optimize and standardize the protocols used to quantify miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.M.-M.); (C.R.-B.)
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Victor J. Costela-Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Recio
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
| | | | - Concepción Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Candelaria Reyes-Botella
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.M.-M.); (C.R.-B.)
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
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Mester A, Moldovan M, Cuc S, Tomuleasa C, Pasca S, Filip M, Piciu A, Onisor F. Characteristics of Dental Resin-Based Composites in Leukemia Saliva: An In Vitro Analysis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111618. [PMID: 34829847 PMCID: PMC8615474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to analyze, in vitro, four resin based composite systems (RBCs) immersed in saliva of leukemia patients before starting chemotherapy regiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Saliva was collected from 20 patients (4 healthy patients, 16 leukemia patients). Resin disks were made for each RBC and were immersed in the acute leukemia (acute lymphocytic (ALL), acute myeloid (AML)), chronic leukemia (chronic lymphocytic (CLL), chronic myeloid (CML)), Artificial saliva and Control environment, and maintained for seven days. At the end of the experiment, the characteristics and the effective response of saliva from the studied salivas' on RBCs was assessed using water sorption, water solubility, residual monomer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data analysis was performed and a p-value under 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The behaviour of RBCs in different immersion environments varies according to the characteristics of the RBCs. RBCs with a higher filler ratio have a lower water sorption. The solubility is also deteriorated by the types of organic matrix and filler; the results of solubility being inversely proportional on the scale of negative values compared to sorption values. Chromatograms of residual monomers showed the highest amount of unreacted monomers in ALL and AML, and the Control and artificial saliva environments had the smallest residual monomer peaks. Because of the low number of differences between the experimental conditions, we further considered that there were no important statistical differences between experimental conditions and analysed them as a single group. CONCLUSION The influence of saliva on RBCs depends on the type of leukemia; acute leukemia influenced the most RBCs by changing their properties compared to chronic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mester
- Department of Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Stanca Cuc
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Oncology “Ion Chiricuta”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Oncology “Ion Chiricuta”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Miuta Filip
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andra Piciu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology “Ion Chiricuta”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Verma A, Anand K, Bhargava M, Kolluri A, Kumar M, Palve DH. Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Biomarker Levels in e-Cigarette Smokers and Conventional Smokers. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1642-S1645. [PMID: 35018046 PMCID: PMC8686896 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_393_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVES The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. RESULTS Statistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Verma
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, bihar, India
| | - Kumar Anand
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, bihar, India
| | - Manish Bhargava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amulya Kolluri
- Department of Periodontology and Implantalogy, Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madhuresh Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Madhuresh Kumar, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. E-mail:
| | - Devendra H. Palve
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra. India
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Butt RT, Janjua OS, Qureshi SM, Shaikh MS, Guerrero-Gironés J, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Zafar MS. Dental Healthcare Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11008. [PMID: 34769526 PMCID: PMC8583530 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hustle and bustle of the planet Earth have come to a halt thanks to the novel coronavirus. The virus has affected approximately 219 million people globally; taken the lives of 4.55 million patients as of September 2021; and created an ambiance of fear, social distancing, and economic instability. The purpose of this review article is to trace the historical origin and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus is highly contagious with a unique feature of rapid mutations-the scientific research is paving the way for discoveries regarding novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnosis, features, prevention, and vaccination. The connections between the coronavirus pandemic and dental practices are essential because COVID-19 is transmitted by aerosols, fomites, and respiratory droplets, which are also produced during dental procedures, putting both the patient and the dentist at risk. The main emphasis of this paper is to highlight the psychological, economic, and social impact of this pandemic on dental practices throughout the world and under what circumstances and guidelines can dental health care be provided. In the current situation of the pandemic, an appropriate screening tool must be established either by using rapid molecular testing or saliva point-of-care technology, which will be effective in identifying as well as isolating the potential contacts and carriers in hopes to contain and mitigate infection. The blessing in disguise is that this virus has united the leaders, scientists, health care providers, and people of all professions from all around the world to fight against a common enemy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tariq Butt
- General Dental Practitioner, Al-Noor Clinics, Okara 56000, Pakistan;
| | - Omer Sefvan Janjua
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, PMC Dental Institute, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sana Mehmood Qureshi
- Department of Oral Pathology, PMC Dental Institute, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Medicine School, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-Lozano
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Medicine School, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de laArrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia; or
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Zhou H, Sun W, Zou J. Analysis of expression profiles and prognostic value of COP9 signalosome subunits for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:803. [PMID: 34630710 PMCID: PMC8477071 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been associated with poor prognosis, due to its strong invasive ability and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to identify effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of HNSCC. COP9 signalosome (COPS) regulates numerous cancer-associated biological processes in various malignancies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between COPS and HNSCC. The mRNA expression profiles of COPS in HNSCC were analyzed using UALCAN, Oncomine and UCSC Xena databases. The association between overall survival time in patients with HNSCC and the COPS genes was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The CERES score was obtained and evaluated to determine the importance of the COPS genes for survival of the HNSCC cell lines. Functional analysis for Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed using The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and GSEA software, respectively. After knocking down COPS5 and COPS6, cell Counting Kit-8 and wound healing assays were used to detect cell growth and migration of the CAL27 and SCC25 cell lines, respectively. Among the 10 COPS genes examined, most COPS subunits were upregulated in HNSCC samples compared with that in normal tissues, except for COPS9. Increased mRNA expression level of COPS5, COPS6, COPS7B, COPS8 and COPS9 was associated with TNM stage in patients with HNSCC. High mRNA expression level of COPS2, COPS5, COPS6, COPS7A, COPS7B, COPS8 and COPS9 had prognostic significance of patients with HNSCC. Knockdown of COPS5 and COPS6 inhibited cell growth and migration of the CAL27 and SCC25 cell lines. The results from the present study suggested that COPS subunits could be potential biomarkers in patients with HNSCC. COPS5 and COPS6 were important for cell survival and migration of the HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaruan Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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42
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Qu J, Cheng Y, Wu W, Yuan L, Liu X. Glycocalyx Impairment in Vascular Disease: Focus on Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730621. [PMID: 34589494 PMCID: PMC8473795 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a complex polysaccharide-protein layer lining the lumen of vascular endothelial cells. Changes in the structure and function of the glycocalyx promote an inflammatory response in blood vessels and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many vascular diseases (e.g., diabetes, atherosclerosis, and sepsis). Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammation-related diseases. Endothelial dysfunction can lead to tissue swelling, chronic inflammation, and thrombosis. Therefore, elimination of endothelial inflammation could be a potential target for the treatment of vascular diseases. This review summarizes the key role of the glycocalyx in the inflammatory process and the possible mechanism by which it alleviates this process by interrupting the cycle of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Especially, we highlight the roles of different components of the glycocalyx in modulating the inflammatory process, including components that regulate leukocyte rolling, L-selectin binding, inflammasome activation and the signaling interactions between the glycocalyx components and the vascular cells. We discuss how the glycocalyx interferes with the development of inflammation and the importance of preventing glycocalyx impairment. Finally, drawing on current understanding of the role of the glycocalyx in inflammation, we consider a potential strategy for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Public Laboratory of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sun J, Tang Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Peng J, Chen L. Possible Immunotherapeutic Strategies Based on Carcinogen-Dependent Subgroup Classification for Oral Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:717038. [PMID: 34497832 PMCID: PMC8419237 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.717038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity serves as an open local organ of the human body, exposed to multiple external factors from the outside environment. Coincidentally, initiation and development of oral cancer are attributed to many external factors, such as smoking and drinking, to a great extent. This phenomenon was partly explained by the genetic abnormalities traditionally induced by carcinogens. However, more and more attention has been attracted to the influence of carcinogens on the local immune status. On the other hand, immune heterogeneity of cancer patients is a huge obstacle for enhancing the clinical efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Thus, in this review, we try to summarize the current opinions about variant genetic changes and multiple immune alterations induced by different oral cancer carcinogens and discuss the prospects of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies based on specific immune abnormalities caused by different carcinogens, as a predictive way to improve clinical outcomes of immunotherapy-treated oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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44
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Chundru VNS, Nirmal RM, Srikanth B, Bojji M, Midhun N, Lakshmi BJ. Salivaomics for Oral Cancer Detection: An Insight. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S52-S56. [PMID: 34447042 PMCID: PMC8375914 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_529_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection is very crucial for successful management of oral cancer or any disease as such. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for nearly 90% of malignancy of oral cavity. In the field of cancer research, there is always an ongoing quest for newer methods to lower the morbidity and mortality associated with OSCC. Saliva, a readily available noninvasive biofluid with constant contact with oral cancer lesion, offers an appealing alternative to serum and tissue testing. This review throws light on incorporation of newer technologies for harnessing the saliva to its fullest potential with increased specificity and sensitivity toward identification of cancer-specific molecular signatures for the development of point-of-care applications that could be used at the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Naga Sirisha Chundru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramadas Madhavan Nirmal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Srikanth
- Department of Dental Surgery, MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manasa Bojji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Namburi Midhun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CKS Theja institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B Jaya Lakshmi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
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Smith DH, Raslan S, Samuels MA, Iglesias T, Buitron I, Deo S, Daunert S, Thomas GR, Califano J, Franzmann EJ. Current salivary biomarkers for detection of human papilloma virus-induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2021; 43:3618-3630. [PMID: 34331493 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is a key risk factor and etiology for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). HPV-induced OPSCC is rapidly increasing in incidence, with men experiencing increased mortality. When identified at an early stage, HPV-induced OPSCC can be successfully treated. Diagnosis of HPV-related OPSCC relies on an expert physical examination and invasive biopsy. Since saliva bathes the oropharyngeal mucosa and can be collected noninvasively, saliva obtained via salivary risings is an attractive body fluid for early detection of HPV-induced OPSCC. A plethora of DNA, RNA, and protein salivary biomarkers have been explored. This review discusses these markers and their robustness for detecting oncogenic HPV in OPSCC saliva samples. Methods detecting HPV DNA were more reliable than those detecting RNA, albeit both require time-consuming analyses. Salivary HPV proteomics are a new, promising focus of HPV detection research, and while more practical, lag behind nucleic acid detection methods in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew H Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shahm Raslan
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael A Samuels
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Iglesias
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Giovana R Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Califano
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Franzmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Piyarathne NS, Rasnayake RMSGK, Angammana R, Chandrasekera P, Ramachandra S, Weerasekera M, Yasawardene S, Abu-Eid R, Jayasinghe JAP, Gupta E. Diagnostic salivary biomarkers in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders and their relationships to risk factors - A systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:789-807. [PMID: 34148471 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1944106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are a significant health burden globally. Smoking, alcohol, and betel quid are the main risk factors. Lack of screening methods has been highlighted as a significant challenge in management. Salivary biomarkers are proposed as noninvasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this systematic review was to study salivary biomarkers reported in OSCC and OPMD. Specific objectives were to select a salivary biomarker panel suitable for early detection of OSCC and OPMD and to assess relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors. METHODS Electronic literature search was conducted in academic databases (Scopus, Medline, Embase and Web of Science) without any restrictions. Following calibration, two blinded reviewers screened the studies and extracted data. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using Newcastle Ottawa scale. 295 studies were included with descriptive data analysis. EXPERT OPINION A salivary biomarker panel including Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL8 was selected for OSCC and OPMD. Reported relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors are discussed and research gaps are highlighted. Future research should be directed to assess potential salivary biomarkers and their relationships to risk factors in order to understand the biomarker's role in disease initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadisha S Piyarathne
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | - Manjula Weerasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J A P Jayasinghe
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Radulescu R, Totan AR, Imre MM, Miricescu D, Didilescu A, Greabu M. Mediators of extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation: A new team of possible biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma stage. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:877. [PMID: 34194555 PMCID: PMC8237384 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer represents one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the most frequently diagnosed. Cytokines play a crucial role in inflammation, apoptosis and metastasis. Interleukin (IL)-8 promotes the direct migration of inflammatory cells. IL-6 induces tumor cell proliferation, increases expression of invasiveness and angiogenetic factors or matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promoting metastasis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) blocks the action of MMPs controlling extracellular matrix degradation and inhibiting metastasis. The aim of our study was to analyze the existence of correlations between inflammation markers (IL-6 and IL-8) and extracellular degradation protection markers such as TIMP-1 in OSCC tumors. Our study included 20 patients (12 females and 8 males) diagnosed with OSCC, recruited from January to April, 2020. IL-8, IL-6 and TIMP-1 levels were measured in the tumor cell lysates by ELISA technique, using relevant assay kits. Our results showed a positive and significant correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 (P=0.005, R=0.517) indicating that high IL-8 levels can be associated with high IL-6 levels. We also found a significant and high negative correlation (P<0.001, R=-0.673) between IL-6 and TIMP-1 and a significant and high negative correlation (P<0.001, R=-0.684) between IL-8 and TIMP-1 indicating that high levels of IL-8 and IL-6 are significantly associated with lower levels of TIMP-1. In conclusion, our study confirms the available literature data on IL-6 and IL-8 as potential markers for oral cancers such as OSCC and affect the tumor microenvironment by decreasing TIMPs. All three biomarkers included in this study have the potential to be used as detection or prognostic factors for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Radulescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marina Melescanu Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 032799 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Patil S, Testarelli L. Assessment of Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Cellular Markers in Saliva of Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102964. [PMID: 34067581 PMCID: PMC8157075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed to perform a comparative analysis of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokine receptors on the salivary cells in the saliva obtained from trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and normal subjects. Saliva was collected from TN and healthy subjects. Salivary cells were isolated by centrifugation. The expression of the cell surface marker was analyzed by flow cytometry. A cytometric bead array was done to measure the levels of cytokines and growth factors on the flow cytometer. Saliva from TN subjects showed lower growth factor levels of Angiopoietin-2, bFGF, HGF, SCF, TGF-α, and VEGF and higher cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, IL-17A, IL-6, and CXCL8, as well as higher expression levels of chemokine receptors CCR1 (CD191), CR3 (CD11b), CCR2 (CD192), CXCR5 (CD185), and CCR5 (CD196) in the cells from TN saliva. A certain set of cytokines and growth factors in the saliva, as well as chemokine receptors on salivary cells, could be a useful tool in the diagnostics and prognostics of trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the significant pathological conditions in the class of chronic diseases around the world. Many targeted approaches are being tried by various research groups to utilize the information of the inflammatory microenvironment to resolve the pathology of chronic TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor suppresses immunity to oral squamous cell carcinoma through immune checkpoint regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2012692118. [PMID: 33941684 PMCID: PMC8126867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012692118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent some of the most important cancer treatments developed in the last 20 y. However, existing immunotherapy approaches benefit only a minority of patients. Here, we provide evidence that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a central player in the regulation of multiple immune checkpoints in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Orthotopic transplant of mouse OSCC cells from which the AhR has been deleted (MOC1AhR-KO) results, within 1 wk, in the growth of small tumors that are then completely rejected within 2 wk, concomitant with an increase in activated T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs) and T cell signaling within the tumor. By 2 wk, AhR+ control cells (MOC1Cas9), but not MOC1AhR-KO cells up-regulate exhaustion pathways in the tumor-infiltrating T cells and expression of checkpoint molecules on CD4+ T cells (PD-1, CTLA4, Lag3, and CD39) and macrophages, dendritic cells, and Ly6G+ myeloid cells (PD-L1 and CD39) in tdLNs. Notably, MOC1AhR-KO cell transplant renders mice 100% immune to later challenge with wild-type tumors. Analysis of altered signaling pathways within MOC1AhR-KO cells shows that the AhR controls baseline and IFNγ-induced Ido and PD-L1 expression, the latter of which occurs through direct transcriptional control. These observations 1) confirm the importance of malignant cell AhR in suppression of tumor immunity, 2) demonstrate the involvement of the AhR in IFNγ control of PD-L1 and IDO expression in the cancer context, and 3) suggest that the AhR is a viable target for modulation of multiple immune checkpoints.
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50
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Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081658. [PMID: 33924500 PMCID: PMC8070511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of a panel of salivary cytokines as biomarkers for early detection oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), comparing their levels among healthy individuals, patients with oral leukoplakia (OL), and malignant lesions. Cytokine profiling analysis performed in a minimally invasive sample was correlated with clinicopathological variables in our patient cohorts. Unstimulated saliva was obtained from subjects with OSCC at early (n = 33) and advanced (n = 33) disease, OL with homogeneous (n = 33) and proliferative verrucous (n = 33) clinical presentations, and healthy controls (n = 25). Salivary IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, HCC-1, and PF-4 levels were analyzed by a sensitive bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Mean levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, HCC-1, MCP-1, and PF-4 differed significantly between OSCC, OL, and control saliva (p < 0.05). We found notably higher IL-6 and TNF-α in advanced compared to early OSCC stages. The area under the curve (AUC) for OSCC vs. control was greater than 0.8 for IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and HCC-1, and greater than 0.7 for PF-4. The presence of neck metastases (NM) was associated with increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Our findings suggest that salivary IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, HCC-1, and PF-4 may discriminate between OSCC, OL, and healthy controls. IL-6 and TNF-α may indicate OSCC progression, being distinctive in the presence of NM.
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