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Carneiro KO, Campos GZ, Scafuro Lima JM, Rocha RDS, Vaz-Velho M, Todorov SD. The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Meat Products, Not Just as Starter Cultures. Foods 2024; 13:3170. [PMID: 39410205 PMCID: PMC11475535 DOI: 10.3390/foods13193170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are microorganisms of significant scientific and industrial importance and have great potential for application in meat and meat products. This comprehensive review addresses the main characteristics of LABs, their nutritional, functional, and technological benefits, and especially their importance not only as starter cultures. LABs produce several metabolites during their fermentation process, which include bioactive compounds, such as peptides with antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory properties. These metabolites present several benefits as health promoters but are also important from a technological point of view. For example, bacteriocins, organic acids, and other compounds are of great importance, whether from a sensory or product quality or a safety point of view. With the production of GABA, exopolysaccharides, antioxidants, and vitamins are beneficial metabolites that influence safety, technological processes, and even health-promoting consumer benefits. Despite the benefits, this review also highlights that some LABs may present virulence properties, requiring critical evaluation for using specific strains in food formulations. Overall, this review hopes to contribute to the scientific literature by increasing knowledge of the various benefits of LABs in meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayque Ordonho Carneiro
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Food Research Center (FoRC), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (K.O.C.); (G.Z.C.); (J.M.S.L.)
| | - Gabriela Zampieri Campos
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Food Research Center (FoRC), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (K.O.C.); (G.Z.C.); (J.M.S.L.)
| | - João Marcos Scafuro Lima
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Food Research Center (FoRC), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (K.O.C.); (G.Z.C.); (J.M.S.L.)
| | - Ramon da Silva Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Food Research Center (FoRC), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Manuela Vaz-Velho
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4960-320 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Food Research Center (FoRC), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (K.O.C.); (G.Z.C.); (J.M.S.L.)
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4960-320 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
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Patil R, Singh A, Mane S, Roy T. Emerging encapsulation strategies for vitamin A fortification in food sector: an overview. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2937-2951. [PMID: 39220307 PMCID: PMC11364737 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nano-encapsulation techniques, such as microfluidization, spray drying, and centrifugal extrusion, have been widely utilized in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and agriculture, to improve the stability, shelf life, and bioavailability of active ingredients, such as vitamin A. Emulsion-based delivery platforms offer feasible and appropriate alternatives for safeguarding, encapsulating, and transporting bioactive compounds. Therefore, there is a need to enrich our basic diet to prevent vitamin A deficiency within a population. This review focused on addressing vitamin A shortages, encapsulation techniques for improving the delivery of vital vitamins A and their food applications. Additionally, more studies are required to guarantee the security of nano-delivery strategies, as they proliferate in the food and beverage sector. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Patil
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (Institute of National Importance, Under MoFPI, Govt. of India), Kundli, District- Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (Institute of National Importance, Under MoFPI, Govt. of India), Kundli, District- Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Sheetal Mane
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (Institute of National Importance, Under MoFPI, Govt. of India), Kundli, District- Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Tapas Roy
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (Institute of National Importance, Under MoFPI, Govt. of India), Kundli, District- Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
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3
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Li X, Zhang H, Mao X. Liposomes delivery systems of functional substances for precision nutrition. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 112:257-300. [PMID: 39218504 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and other biological activities are vital for maintaining the body's physiological functions and enhancing immunity. These compounds have great potential as nutritional therapeutic agents, but they can be limited due to their poor flavor, color, unstable nature, and poor water solubility, and degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes. Liposomes, as ideal carriers, can encapsulate both water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients, enhance the bioavailability of functional substances, promote the biological activity of functional substances, and control the release of nutrients. Despite their potential, liposomes still face obstacles in nutrient delivery. Therefore, the design of liposomes for special needs, optimization of the liposome preparation process, enhancement of liposome encapsulation efficiency, and industrial production are key issues that must be addressed in order to develop food-grade liposomes. Moreover, the research on surface-targeted modification and surface functionalization of liposomes is valuable for expanding the scope of application of liposomes and achieving the release of functional substances from liposomes at the appropriate time and site. The establishment of in vivo and in vitro digestion models of nutrient-loaded liposomes, in-depth study of gastrointestinal digestive behavior after liposome ingestion, targeted nutrient release, and deciphering the nutritional intervention of human diseases and positive health promotion are promising fields with broad development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, P.R. China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China.
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Rudzińska M, Grygier A, Knight G, Kmiecik D. Liposomes as Carriers of Bioactive Compounds in Human Nutrition. Foods 2024; 13:1814. [PMID: 38928757 PMCID: PMC11202941 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the literature data on the role of liposomal structures and encapsulated substances in food technology and human nutrition. The paper briefly describes how liposomes are created and how they encapsulate food ingredients, which can either be individual compounds or plant extracts. Another very interesting application of liposomes is their use as antimicrobial carriers to protect food products from spoilage during storage. The encapsulation of food ingredients in liposomes can increase their bioavailability, which is particularly important for compounds with health-promoting properties but low bioavailability. Particular attention was paid to compounds such as phytosterols, which lower blood cholesterol levels but have very low absorption in the human body. In addition, consumer expectations and regulations for liposomes in food are discussed. To date, no in vivo human studies have been conducted to indicate which encapsulation methods give the best results for gastrointestinal effects and which food-added substances are most stable during food storage and processing. The paper identifies further lines of research that are needed before liposomes can be introduced into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzińska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (G.K.); (D.K.)
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Gao Y, Ding Z, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Advances in encapsulation systems of Antarctic krill oil: From extraction to encapsulation, and future direction. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13332. [PMID: 38578167 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Antarctic krill oil (AKO) is highly sought after by consumers and the food industry due to its richness in a variety of nutrients and physiological activities. However, current extraction methods are not sufficient to better extract AKO and its nutrients, and AKO is susceptible to lipid oxidation during processing and storage, leading to nutrient loss and the formation of off-flavors and toxic compounds. The development of various extraction methods and encapsulation systems for AKO to improve oil yield, nutritional value, antioxidant capacity, and bioavailability has become a research hotspot. This review summarizes the research progress of AKO from extraction to encapsulation system construction. The AKO extraction mechanism, technical parameters, oil yield and composition of solvent extraction, aqueous enzymatic extraction, supercritical/subcritical extraction, and three-liquid-phase salting-out extraction system are described in detail. The principles, choice of emulsifier/wall materials, preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages of four common encapsulation systems for AKO, namely micro/nanoemulsions, microcapsules, liposomes and nanostructured lipid carriers, are summarized. These four encapsulation systems are characterized by high encapsulation efficiency, low production cost, high bioavailability and high antioxidant capacity. Depending on the unique advantages and conditions of different encapsulation methods, as well as consumer demand for health and nutrition, different products can be developed. However, existing AKO encapsulation systems lack relevant studies on digestive absorption and targeted release, and the single product category of commercially available products limits consumer choice. In conjunction with clinical studies of AKO encapsulation systems, the development of encapsulation systems for special populations should be a future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhansheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Wang ZJ, Huang H, Zhu YY, Zhou ZS, Liu T, He XC, Zhang TL, Luo XD. Antimicrobial ingredients of Zanthoxylum motuoense and potential in fresh pork meat preservation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22963. [PMID: 38163185 PMCID: PMC10755585 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum motuoense (Tibetan prickly ash, MTHJ), different from the Chinese prickly ash species, is distributed only in the Tibet. Now the chemical characterization and antibacterial activity of MTHJ extracts were analyzed for the first time. As a result, Schinifoline (12), γ-Fagarine (8), (2E,7E,9E)-6 S-Hydroxy-N-(2-methylpropyl)-11-oxo-2, 7, 9-Dodecatrienamide (6), and Neoechinulin A (17) were found to be the major different factors by untarget LC-MS metabolomics together with quantitative analysis on target. These four compounds were also the major antibacterial constituents. Then, the antimicrobial activity of MTHJ fractions was evaluated with colony forming units (CFU), fluorescence microscopy imaging, SEM and investigating the potential food preservation. Nutritional composition, colour and sensory evaluation of extract-treated samples were evaluated along storage time. The results suggested the MTHJ may be used for meat products preservation, and the scores were significantly higher for its unique flavor, which offered a promising choice for food safety, preservation and reducing foodborne illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jie Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Huan Huang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Tie Liu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xing-Chao He
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Tie-Li Zhang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
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Sadiq S, Khan I, Shen Z, Wang M, Xu T, Khan S, Zhou X, Bahadur A, Rafiq M, Sohail S, Wu P. Recent Updates on Multifunctional Nanomaterials as Antipathogens in Humans and Livestock: Classification, Application, Mode of Action, and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:7674. [PMID: 38005395 PMCID: PMC10675011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens cause infections and millions of deaths globally, while antipathogens are drugs or treatments designed to combat them. To date, multifunctional nanomaterials (NMs), such as organic, inorganic, and nanocomposites, have attracted significant attention by transforming antipathogen livelihoods. They are very small in size so can quickly pass through the walls of bacterial, fungal, or parasitic cells and viral particles to perform their antipathogenic activity. They are more reactive and have a high band gap, making them more effective than traditional medications. Moreover, due to some pathogen's resistance to currently available medications, the antipathogen performance of NMs is becoming crucial. Additionally, due to their prospective properties and administration methods, NMs are eventually chosen for cutting-edge applications and therapies, including drug administration and diagnostic tools for antipathogens. Herein, NMs have significant characteristics that can facilitate identifying and eliminating pathogens in real-time. This mini-review analyzes multifunctional NMs as antimicrobial tools and investigates their mode of action. We also discussed the challenges that need to be solved for the utilization of NMs as antipathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadiq
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Iltaf Khan
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China;
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Mengdong Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Sohail Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 94640, Pakistan;
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Ali Bahadur
- College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China;
| | - Madiha Rafiq
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Sumreen Sohail
- Department of Information Technology, Careerera, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
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Abu-Huwaij R, Alkarawi A, Salman D, Alkarawi F. Exploring the use of niosomes in cosmetics for efficient dermal drug delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:708-718. [PMID: 37448342 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2233613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Dermal drug delivery has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional methods of drug administration due to its non-invasive nature and ease of use. However, the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, presents a significant barrier to drug penetration. Niosomes, self-assembled vesicular structures composed of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol, have been extensively investigated as a means of overcoming this barrier and improving the efficacy of dermal drug delivery. This review summarizes the current state of research on the use of niosomes in dermal drug delivery in cosmetics, with a particular focus on their formulation, characterization, and application in the delivery of various drug classes. The review highlights the advantages of niosomes over conventional drug delivery methods, including improved solubility and stability of drugs, controlled release, and enhanced skin permeation. The review also discusses the challenges associated with niosome-based drug delivery, such as their complex formulation and optimization, and the need for further studies on their long-term safety and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adian Alkarawi
- College of Pharmacy, Amman Arab University, Mubis, Jordan
| | - Dima Salman
- College of Pharmacy, Amman Arab University, Mubis, Jordan
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Ghodke J, Ekonomou SI, Weaver E, Lamprou D, Doran O, Stratakos AC. The Manufacturing and Characterisation of Eugenol-Enclosed Liposomes Produced by Microfluidic Method. Foods 2023; 12:2940. [PMID: 37569209 PMCID: PMC10418319 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, liposomes enclosing eugenol were prepared using microfluidics. Two lipids-1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 18:0 (DSPC) and 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 14:0 (DMPC)-and microfluidic chips with serpentine and Y-shaped micromixing designs were used for the liposomal formulation. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values indicated that eugenol was more effective against Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. Four different flow-rate ratios (FRR 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1) were explored. All liposomes' encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined: 94.34% for DSPC 3:1 and 78.63% for DMPC 5:1. The highest eugenol release of 99.86% was observed at pH 4, DMPC 3:1 (Y-shaped chip). Liposomes were physically stable at 4, 20 and 37 °C for 60 days as determined by their size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP). The most stable liposomes were observed at FRR 5:1 for DSPC. EE, stability, and eugenol release studies proved that the liposomal formulations produced can be used as delivery vehicles to increase food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ghodke
- College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (J.G.); (S.I.E.); (O.D.)
| | - Sotirios I. Ekonomou
- College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (J.G.); (S.I.E.); (O.D.)
| | - Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (E.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Dimitrios Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (E.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Olena Doran
- College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (J.G.); (S.I.E.); (O.D.)
| | - Alexandros Ch. Stratakos
- College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (J.G.); (S.I.E.); (O.D.)
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Lu P, Zhang X, Li F, Xu KF, Li YH, Liu X, Yang J, Zhu B, Wu FG. Cationic Liposomes with Different Lipid Ratios: Antibacterial Activity, Antibacterial Mechanism, and Cytotoxicity Evaluations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121556. [PMID: 36559007 PMCID: PMC9783835 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their strong bacterial binding and bacterial toxicity, cationic liposomes have been utilized as effective antibacterial materials in many studies. However, few researchers have systematically compared their antibacterial activity with their mammalian cell cytotoxicity or have deeply explored their antibacterial and cytotoxicity mechanisms. Here, we prepared a series of cationic liposomes (termed CLs) using dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride (DODAC) and lecithin at different molar ratios. CLs have the ability to effectively bind with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Further, the CLs with high molar ratios of DODAC (30 and 40 mol%) can disrupt the bacterial wall/membrane, efficiently inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). More importantly, we carefully compared the antibacterial activity and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity of various CLs differing in DODAC contents and liposomal concentrations and revealed that, whether they are bacterial or mammalian cells, an increasing DODAC content in CLs can lead to an elevated cytotoxicity level. Further, there exists a critical DODAC contents (>20 mol%) in CLs to endow them with effective antibacterial ability. However, the variation in the DODAC content and liposomal concentration of CLs has different degrees of influence on the antibacterial activity or cytotoxicity. For example, CLs at high DODAC content (i.e., CL0.3 and CL0.4) could effectively kill both types of bacterial cells but only cause negligible toxicity to mammalian cells. We believe that a systematic comparison between the antibacterial activity and the cytotoxicity of CLs with different DODAC contents will provide an important reference for the potential clinical applications of cationic liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Lu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Hai’erxiang Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Hai’erxiang Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ke-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Baofeng Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Hai’erxiang Road, Nantong 226001, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (F.-G.W.)
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Hai’erxiang Road, Nantong 226001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (F.-G.W.)
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