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Burgon VH, da Silva ARP, Milani RF, Taniwaki MH, Iamanaka BT, Morgano MA. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in cocoa beans and bean-to-bar chocolates. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01451-6. [PMID: 39009936 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing health consciousness of consumers has led to an increase in the consumption of artisanal chocolates, mainly due to their recognized health benefits. However, processing steps such as fermentation and drying of cocoa beans can favor the growth of ochratoxigenic fungi. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in cocoa beans (purchased from e-commerce and post-harvest processing) and bean-to-bar chocolates sold in Brazil. An HPLC-FLD method was validated, with recovery values between 84 and 97% and limits of detection and quantification of 0.04 and 0.01 µg/kg, respectively. OTA was detected in 30% of the cocoa bean samples studied (n = 43), with values ranging from < 0.04 to 1.18 µg/kg. Regarding the bean-to-bar chocolates (n = 62), the OTA concentrations ranged from < 0.04 to 1.11 µg/kg, with a prevalence in semi-sweet and dark chocolates. Despite representing a growing market, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report OTA concentrations in bean-to-bar chocolates and Brazilian cocoa beans used to produce this type of chocolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Hugo Burgon
- Institute of Food Technology, Av. Brasil 2880, Jd. Chapadão, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP, 13070-178, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Fernanda Milani
- Institute of Food Technology, Av. Brasil 2880, Jd. Chapadão, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP, 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Marta H Taniwaki
- Institute of Food Technology, Av. Brasil 2880, Jd. Chapadão, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP, 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Beatriz T Iamanaka
- Institute of Food Technology, Av. Brasil 2880, Jd. Chapadão, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP, 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Antonio Morgano
- Institute of Food Technology, Av. Brasil 2880, Jd. Chapadão, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP, 13070-178, Brazil.
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2
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Kumari A, Singh K, Uttam G. Tenuazonic acid mycotoxicosis in an immunosuppressed mouse model and evaluation of the protective effect of cinnamaldehyde against tenuazonic acid mycotoxicosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:142812. [PMID: 39004150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Patients with impaired immune systems are particularly vulnerable to infections. With the increasing number of immunocompromised patients, it becomes necessary to design studies that evaluate the effects of toxic contaminants that are a part of our daily lives. Simultaneously, the management of these toxic components also becomes essential. Therefore, the present study evaluated the possible protective role of Cinnamaldehyde (Cin) against tenuazonic acid-induced mycotoxicosis in the immunosuppressed murine model. Tenuazonic acid (TeA), a toxin usually produced by Alternaria species, is a common contaminant in tomato and tomato-based products. Evaluating the potential toxicity of a hazardous chemical necessitates the use of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. Here, the immunomodulatory effect of TeA was assessed in vitro using mouse splenocytes. In silico docking was carried out for the tumour markers of eight organs and TeA. The haematological, histopathological, and biochemical aspects were analysed in vivo. The sub-chronic intoxication of mice with TeA showed elevated malondialdehyde, reduced catalase, and superoxide dismutase production, as well as abnormal levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase. The treatment with Cin prevented TeA-induced alterations of antioxidant defense enzyme activities and significantly forbade TeA-induced organ damage, showing therapeutic effects and toxicity reduction in TeA-induced mycotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Animal Mycology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (MMV), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karuna Singh
- Animal Mycology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (MMV), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Gunjan Uttam
- Animal Mycology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (MMV), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Zaman S, Khan N, Zahoor M, Ullah R, Bari A, Sohail. Phytochemical-mediated regulation of aflatoxigenic fungi contamination in a shifting climate and environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:272. [PMID: 38958785 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination poses a significant problem in developing countries, particularly in northern Pakistan's fluctuating climate. This study aimed to assess aflatoxin contamination in medicinal and condiment plants in Upper Dir (dry-temperate) and Upper Swat (moist-temperate) districts. Plant samples were collected and screened for mycotoxins (Aflatoxin-B1 and Aflatoxin-B-2). Results showed high levels of AFB-1 (11,505.42 ± 188.82) as compared to AFB-2 (846 ± 241.56). The maximum contamination of AFB-1 in Coriandrum sativum (1154.5 ± 13.43 ng to 3328 ± 9.9 ng) followed by F. vulgare (883 ± 9.89 ng to 2483 ± 8.4 ng), T. ammi (815 ± 11.31 ng to 2316 ± 7.1 ng), and C. longa (935.5 ± 2.12 ng to 2009 ± 4.2 ng) while the minimum was reported in C. cyminum (671 ± 9.91 ng to 1995 ± 5.7 ng). Antifungal tests indicated potential resistance in certain plant species (C. cyminum) while A. flavus as the most toxins contributing species due to high resistance below 80% (54.2 ± 0.55 to 79.5 ± 2.02). HPLC analysis revealed hydroxyl benzoic acid (5136 amu) as the dominant average phytochemical followed by phloroglucinol (4144.31 amu) with individual contribution of 8542.08 amu and 12,181.5 amu from C. cyaminum. The comparison of average phytochemicals revealed the maximum concentration in C. cyminum (2885.95) followed by C. longa (1892.73). The findings revealed a statistically significant and robust negative correlation (y = - 2.7239 × + 5141.9; r = - 0.8136; p < 0.05) between average mycotoxins and phytochemical concentrations. Temperature positively correlated with aflatoxin levels (p < 0.01), while humidity had a weaker correlation. Elevation showed a negative correlation (p < 0.05), while geographical factors (latitude and longitude) had mixed correlations (p < 0.05). Specific regions exhibited increasing aflatoxin trends due to climatic and geographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Zaman
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Nasrullah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Departement of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohail
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Murtaza B, Wang L, Li X, Saleemi MK, Nawaz MY, Li M, Xu Y. Cold plasma: A success road to mycotoxins mitigation and food value edition. Food Chem 2024; 445:138378. [PMID: 38383214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are common in many agricultural products and may harm both animals and humans. Dietary mycotoxins are reduced via physical, chemical, and thermal decontamination methods. Chemical residues are left behind after physical and chemical treatments that decrease food quality. Since mycotoxins are heat-resistant, heat treatments do not completely eradicate them. Cold plasma therapy increases food safety and shelf life. Cold plasma-generated chemical species may kill bacteria quickly at room temperature while leaving no chemical residues. This research explains how cold plasma combats mold and mycotoxins to guarantee food safety and quality. Fungal cells are damaged and killed by cold plasma species. Mycotoxins are also chemically broken down by the species, making the breakdown products safer. According to a preliminary cold plasma study, plasma may enhance food shelf life and quality. The antifungal and antimycotoxin properties of cold plasma benefit fresh produce, agricultural commodities, nuts, peppers, herbs, dried meat, and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China
| | | | | | - Mengyao Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China.
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5
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Zhao Y, Deng J, Chen Q, Jiang H. Near-infrared spectroscopy based on colorimetric sensor array coupled with convolutional neural network detecting zearalenone in wheat. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101322. [PMID: 38562183 PMCID: PMC10982547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a vital global cereal crop, but its susceptibility to contamination by mycotoxins can render it unusable. This study explored the integration of two novel non-destructive detection methodologies with convolutional neural network (CNN) for the identification of zearalenone (ZEN) contamination in wheat. Firstly, the colorimetric sensor array composed of six selected porphyrin-based materials was used to capture the olfactory signatures of wheat samples. Subsequently, the colorimetric sensor array, after undergoing a reaction, was characterized by its near-infrared spectral features. Then, the CNN quantitative analysis model was proposed based on the data, alongside the establishment of traditional machine learning models, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regression (SVR), for comparative purposes. The outcomes demonstrated that the CNN model had superior predictive performance, with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 40.92 μ g ∙ kg-1 and a coefficient of determination on the prediction (R P 2 ) of 0.91. These results affirmed the potential of integrating colorimetric sensor array with near-infrared spectroscopy in evaluating the safety of wheat and potentially other grains. Moreover, CNN can have the capacity to autonomously learn and distill features from spectral data, enabling further spectral analysis and making it a forward-looking spectroscopic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Zhao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jihong Deng
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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6
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Zhao H, Peramuna T, Ajmal S, Wendt KL, Petrushenko ZM, Premachandra K, Cichewicz RH, Rybenkov VV. Inhibitor of Chromosome Segregation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Fungal Extracts. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1387-1396. [PMID: 38843873 PMCID: PMC11197941 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation is an essential cellular process that has the potential to yield numerous targets for drug development. This pathway is presently underutilized partially due to the difficulties in the development of robust reporter assays suitable for high throughput screening. In bacteria, chromosome segregation is mediated by two partially redundant systems, condensins and ParABS. Based on the synthetic lethality of the two systems, we developed an assay suitable for screening and then screened a library of fungal extracts for potential inhibitors of the ParABS pathway, as judged by their enhanced activity on condensin-deficient cells. We found such activity in extracts of Humicola sp. Fractionation of the extract led to the discovery of four new analogues of sterigmatocystin, one of which, 4-hydroxy-sterigmatocystin (4HS), displayed antibacterial activity. 4HS induced the phenotype typical for parAB mutants including defects in chromosome segregation and cell division. Specifically, bacteria exposed to 4HS produced anucleate cells and were impaired in the assembly of the FtsZ ring. Moreover, 4HS binds to purified ParB in a ParS-modulated manner and inhibits its ParS-dependent CTPase activity. The data describe a small molecule inhibitor of ParB and expand the known spectrum of activities of sterigmatocystin to include bacterial chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Thilini Peramuna
- Natural
Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications
and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Sidra Ajmal
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Karen L. Wendt
- Natural
Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications
and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zoya M. Petrushenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Kaushika Premachandra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Natural
Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications
and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Valentin V. Rybenkov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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7
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Abdelhameed SM, Khalifa BA. Mycobiota contaminating some market cake samples with reference to their toxin and enzyme. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:209. [PMID: 38877423 PMCID: PMC11179348 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi can spoil the majority of baked products. Spoilage of cake during storage is commonly associated with fungi. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the quality of different types of cakes sold in the market. The most predominant fungal genera in the tested cake samples (14 samples) were Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp. On Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), the medium fungal total count was 43.3 colonies /g. Aspergillus was the most dominant genus and was isolated from six samples of cake. Aspergillus was represented by 3 species namely, A. flavus, A. niger, and A. nidulans, represented by 13.32, 19.99, and 3.33 colonies /g respectively. On Malt Extract Agar (MEA) Medium, the fungal total count was 123.24 colonies / g. Aspergillus was the most dominant isolated genus from 11 samples of cake and was represented by 5 species, namely, A. flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceous, A. terreus, and A. versicolor (26. 65, 63.29, 3.33, 6.66, and 3.33 colonies / g , respectively). Twenty-four isolates (88.88 %) of the total tested twenty-seven filamentous fungi showed positive results for amylase production. Ten isolates (37.03%) of the total tested filamentous fungi showed positive results for lipase production, and finally eleven isolates (40.74 %) of the total fungal isolates showed positive results for protease production. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and ochratoxin A were not detected in fourteen collected samples of cake. In this study, clove oil was the best choice overpeppermint oil and olive oil for preventing mold development when natural agents were compared. It might be due to the presence of a varietyof bioactive chemical compounds in clove oil, whose major bioactive component is eugenol, which acts as an antifungal reagent. Therefore, freshly baked cake should be consumed within afew days to avoid individuals experiencing foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia city, Egypt.
| | - Basma A Khalifa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia city, Egypt
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8
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Zhou Y, Yang J, Yu Y, Tang Y. A novel glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis achieves zearalenone detoxification by diglycosylation modification. Food Funct 2024; 15:6042-6053. [PMID: 38752441 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00872c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp., contaminates cereals and threatens human and animal health by inducing hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. In this study, a new Bacillus subtilis strain, YQ-1, with a strong ability to detoxify ZEN, was isolated from soil samples and characterized. YQ-1 was confirmed to degrade more than 46.26% of 20 μg mL-1 ZEN in Luria-Bertani broth and 98.36% in fermentation broth within 16 h at 37 °C; one of the two resulting products was ZEN-diglucoside. Under optimal reaction conditions (50 °C and pH 5.0-9.0), the reaction mixture generated by YQ-1 catalyzing ZEN significantly reduced the promoting effect of ZEN on MCF-7 cell proliferation, effectively eliminating the estrogenic toxicity of ZEN. In addition, a new glycosyltransferase gene (yqgt) from B. subtilis YQ-1 was cloned with 98% similarity to Bs-YjiC from B. subtilis 168 and over-expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). ZEN glycosylation activity converted 25.63% of ZEN (20 μg mL-1) to ZEN-diG after 48 h of reaction at 37 °C. The characterization of ZEN degradation by B. subtilis YQ-1 and the expression of YQGT provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism by which Bacillus spp. degrades ZEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqun Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jiguo Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yuqian Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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9
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Fan W, Tao Y, Jiang C, Huang Q, Li J, Ding W, Li C. Four New Isocoumarins from the Mangrove Fungus Alternaria Malorum with Antimicrobial Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400327. [PMID: 38446672 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Four new isocoumarins, alternariethers A-C (1-3) and alternariester (4) were separated from the fermentation of the fungus Alternaria malorum FL39, purified from Myoporum bontioides. Their structures were ascertained using NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopy. For compound 4, the absolute configuration was solved with the help of ECD calculation and the DP4+ method. Compared with the positive control triadimefon, compound 1 showed more potent antifungal effects on Colletotrichum musae. The antifungal effects of compounds 1, 2, and 3 on Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium graminearum, of compound 4 on F. oxysporum, were equal to those of triadimefon. Except for compound 4 which was inactive against Escherichia coli with O78 serotype, all compounds showed moderate or weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli with O6 or O78 serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Canmin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qisen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiacong Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weijia Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Meira DI, Barbosa AI, Borges J, Reis RL, Correlo VM, Vaz F. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based optical biosensors for food safety applications: Ochratoxin-A detection, as case study. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6318-6360. [PMID: 36688280 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2168248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Global population growth tremendously impacts the global food industry, endangering food safety and quality. Mycotoxins, particularly Ochratoxin-A (OTA), emerge as a food chain production threat, since it is produced by fungus that contaminates different food species and products. Beyond this, OTA exhibits a possible human toxicological risk that can lead to carcinogenic and neurological diseases. A selective, sensitive, and reliable OTA biodetection approach is essential to ensure food safety. Current detection approaches rely on accurate and time-consuming laboratory techniques performed at the end of the food production process, or lateral-flow technologies that are rapid and on-site, but do not provide quantitative and precise OTA concentration measurements. Nanoengineered optical biosensors arise as an avant-garde solution, providing high sensing performance, and a fast and accurate OTA biodetection screening, which is attractive for the industrial market. This review core presents and discusses the recent advancements in optical OTA biosensing, considering engineered nanomaterials, optical transduction principle and biorecognition methodologies. Finally, the major challenges and future trends are discussed, and current patented OTA optical biosensors are emphasized for a particular promising detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Meira
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e wwTecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana I Barbosa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e wwTecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joel Borges
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e wwTecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e wwTecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Vaz
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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11
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Ben Taheur F, Mansour C, Skhiri SS, Chaaban H, Jridi M, Fakhfakh N, Zouari N. Kefir mitigates renal damage caused by zearalenone in female wistar rats by reducing oxidative stress. Toxicon 2024; 243:107743. [PMID: 38701903 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The estrogen-like mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) was popularly occurred in several food and feeds, posing threats to human and animal health. ZEA induced renal toxicity and caused oxidative stress. In the current study, the protecting effect of kefir administration against ZEA-induced renal damage in rats was explored. Rats were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 5 animals. For the initial 7 days, they were orally administered sterile milk (200 μL/day). Subsequently, during the second week, the groups were exposed to kefir (200 μL/day), ZEA (40 mg/kg b.w./day) and a combination of kefir and ZEA. The biochemical parameters, kidney histological changes and ZEA residue were assessed. Kefir supplementation enhanced the antioxidant enzymes in the kidney, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which increased by 1.2, 4 and 20 folds, respectively, relative to the ZEA group. Remarkably, the concomitant administration kefir + ZEA suppressed ZEA residues in both serum and kidney. Additionally, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and renal malondialdehyde decreased by 22, 65 and 54%, respectively, in the kefir + ZEA group; while, the creatinine content increased by around 60%. Rats co-treated with kefir showed a normal kidney histological architecture contrary to tissues alterations mediated in the ZEA group. These results suggest that kefir may showed a protective effect on the kidneys, mitigating ZEA-induced acute toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Ben Taheur
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia; University of Gabes, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine (ISBAM), Medenine, 4119, Tunisia
| | - Chalbia Mansour
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sihem Safta Skhiri
- University of Monastir, ABCDF Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Habib Chaaban
- University of Monastir, Department of Physiology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Jridi
- University of Jendouba, Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, 9000, Tunisia
| | - Nahed Fakhfakh
- University of Gabes, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine (ISBAM), Medenine, 4119, Tunisia; University of Gabes, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Gabes, 6072, Laboratory of Ecology and Environment (LR24ES17), Tunisia
| | - Nacim Zouari
- University of Gabes, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine (ISBAM), Medenine, 4119, Tunisia; University of Gabes, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Gabes, 6072, Laboratory of Ecology and Environment (LR24ES17), Tunisia.
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12
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Yang J, Ye L, Cui R, Zheng K, Qiao X, Wang M, Su M, Li X, Ge RS, Wang Y. Deoxynivalenol Inhibits Progenitor Leydig Cell Development by Stimulating Mitochondrial Fission in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10616-10626. [PMID: 38656193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common food contaminant that can impair male reproductive function. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of DON exposure on progenitor Leydig cell (PLC) development in prepubertal male rats. Rats were orally administrated DON (0-4 mg/kg) from postnatal days 21-28. DON increased PLC proliferation but inhibited PLC maturation and function, including reducing testosterone levels and downregulating biomarkers like HSD11B1 and INSL3 at ≥2 mg/kg. DON also stimulated mitochondrial fission via upregulating DRP1 and FIS1 protein levels and increased oxidative stress by reducing antioxidant capacity (including NRF2, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT) in PLCs in vivo. In vitro, DON (2-4 μM) inhibited PLC androgen biosynthesis, increased reactive oxygen species production and protein levels of DRP1, FIS1, MFF, and pAMPK, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and MFN1 protein levels, and caused mitochondrial fragmentation. The mitochondrial fission inhibitor mdivi-1 attenuated DON-induced impairments in PLCs. DON inhibited PLC steroidogenesis, increased oxidative stress, perturbed mitochondrial homeostasis, and impaired maturation. In conclusion, DON disrupts PLC development in prepubertal rats by stimulating mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Rong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xinyi Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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13
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Zhao Y, Xu W, Liu R, Guo L, Liu P. Determination and analysis of patulin in apples, hawthorns, and their products by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:235-244. [PMID: 38363483 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to investigate the residues of patulin in apples, hawthorns, and their products. A total of 400 samples were collected from online shopping plats and supermarkets in China, including apples (n = 50), hawthorns (n = 50), and their products (apple juice, apple puree, apple jam, hawthorn juice, hawthorn chips, and hawthorn rolls, n = 300). In this experiment, this method had good linearity and a recovery of 82.3-94.4% for patulin. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 µg/kg for liquid samples, while it was 0.3 µg/kg for solid and semi-fluid samples. The frequencies of patulin were 79.8% in 400 samples, and the patulin concentration is from 0.6 to 126.0 µg/kg. Two samples (0.5%) for patulin exceeded the regulatory limit (50 µg/kg) in 400 samples. The frequencies of patulin in kinds of samples were 32.0-98.0% (p < 0.05), and the percentage of samples exceeding the limit was not more than 2.0%. The frequencies of patulin in domestic samples were 83.0%, while they were 57.7% in imported samples. Two domestic samples (0.6%) contained patulin above the regulatory limit, while none of the imported samples exceeded the limit. Among the online and offline samples, the frequencies of patulin were 76.4 and 82.1%. Two online samples (1.0%) for patulin exceeded the regulatory limit, whereas none of the offline samples exceeded the limit. These results showed it is important to monitor regularly the content of patulin in apples, hawthorns, and their products to ensure consumer food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Linli Guo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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14
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Murtaza B, Li X, Nawaz MY, Saleemi MK, Li G, Jin B, Wang L, Xu Y. Toxicodynamic of combined mycotoxins: MicroRNAs and acute-phase proteins as diagnostic biomarkers. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13338. [PMID: 38629461 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, ubiquitous contaminants in food, present a global threat to human health and well-being. Mitigation efforts, such as the implementation of sound agricultural practices, thorough food processing, and the advancement of mycotoxin control technologies, have been instrumental in reducing mycotoxin exposure and associated toxicity. To comprehensively assess mycotoxins and their toxicodynamic implications, the deployment of effective and predictive strategies is imperative. Understanding the manner of action, transformation, and cumulative toxic effects of mycotoxins, moreover, their interactions with food matrices can be gleaned through gene expression and transcriptome analyses at cellular and molecular levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) govern the expression of target genes and enzymes that play pivotal roles in physiological, pathological, and toxicological responses, whereas acute phase proteins (APPs) exert regulatory control over the metabolism of therapeutic agents, both endogenously and posttranscriptionally. Consequently, this review aims to consolidate current knowledge concerning the regulatory role of miRNAs in the initiation of toxicological pathways by mycotoxins and explores the potential of APPs as biomarkers following mycotoxin exposure. The findings of this research highlight the potential utility of miRNAs and APPs as indicators for the detection and management of mycotoxins in food through biological processes. These markers offer promising avenues for enhancing the safety and quality of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Dalian SEM Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | | | - Gen Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bowen Jin
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Dalian SEM Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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15
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Qiu Y, Yan J, Yue A, Lu Z, Tan J, Guo H, Ding Y, Lyu F, Fu Y. A comprehensive review of biodetoxification of trichothecenes: Mechanisms, limitations and novel strategies. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114275. [PMID: 38609252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are Fusarium mycotoxins with sesquiterpenoid structure, which are widely occurred in grains. Due to high efficiency and environmental friendliness, biological detoxification methods have been of great interest to treat this global food and feed safety concern. This review summarized the biological detoxification methods of trichothecenes from three aspects, biosorption, biotransformation and biotherapy. The detoxification efficiency, characteristics, mechanisms and limitations of different strategies were discussed in detail. Computer-aided design will bring a new research paradigm for more efficient discovery of biodetoxifier. Integrating different detoxification approaches assisted with computational tools will become a promising research direction in the future, which will help to maximize the detoxification effect, or provide precise detoxification programs for the coexistence of various toxins at different levels in actual production. In addition, technical and regulatory issues in practical application were also discussed. These findings contribute to the exploration of efficient, applicable and sustainable methods for trichothecenes detoxification, ensuring the safety of food and feed to reduce the deleterious effects of trichothecenes on humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Jiaping Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Aodong Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianzhuang Tan
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fei Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yan Fu
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
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Ben Miri Y, Benabdallah A, Chentir I, Djenane D, Luvisi A, De Bellis L. Comprehensive Insights into Ochratoxin A: Occurrence, Analysis, and Control Strategies. Foods 2024; 13:1184. [PMID: 38672856 PMCID: PMC11049263 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic mycotoxin produced by some mold species from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. OTA has been detected in cereals, cereal-derived products, dried fruits, wine, grape juice, beer, tea, coffee, cocoa, nuts, spices, licorice, processed meat, cheese, and other foods. OTA can induce a wide range of health effects attributable to its toxicological properties, including teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. OTA is not only toxic to humans but also harmful to livestock like cows, goats, and poultry. This is why the European Union and various countries regulate the maximum permitted levels of OTA in foods. This review intends to summarize all the main aspects concerning OTA, starting from the chemical structure and fungi that produce it, its presence in food, its toxicity, and methods of analysis, as well as control strategies, including both fungal development and methods of inactivation of the molecule. Finally, the review provides some ideas for future approaches aimed at reducing the OTA levels in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Ben Miri
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166, M’sila 28000, Algeria;
| | - Amina Benabdallah
- Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Pollution, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University Chadli Bendjedid, El-Tarf 36000, Algeria;
| | - Imene Chentir
- Laboratory of Food, Processing, Control and Agri-Resources Valorization, Higher School of Food Science and Agri-Food Industry, Algiers 16200, Algeria;
| | - Djamel Djenane
- Food Quality and Safety Research Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University, BP 17, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algeria;
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento Palazzina A—Centro Ecotekne via Prov, le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento Palazzina A—Centro Ecotekne via Prov, le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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17
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Ntsoli PG, Boat Bedine MA, Baleba CC, Tchatcho Ngalle SF, Djoko Kouam I, Titti RW, Etame Kossi GM, Yaouba A. Postharvest Practices, Perceptions, and Knowledge of Mycotoxins among Groundnut Farmers in the Adamawa, Centre, and North Regions of Cameroon. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:5596036. [PMID: 38605977 PMCID: PMC11008978 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5596036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In many parts of the world, including Cameroon, mycotoxin contamination of groundnuts remains a major constraint affecting their use as food. Understanding the contributing factors is an essential intervention to reduce contamination and people's exposure to these harmful toxins. The aim of this research was to identify the factors associated with the knowledge, perceptions, and postharvest practices of groundnut farmers in three production basins in Cameroon. Data were collected through surveys and analyzed using descriptive methods and logistic regression models. The results show that groundnut farmers are little aware of the existence of mycotoxins (12%) and totally unaware of the existence of aflatoxins (100%). Only 7.1% of these farmers are aware of the effects of mycotoxins on consumer health. After evaluation, the large majority of farmers scored poor marks for knowledge (86%) and practice (98.7%) in the management of mould and mycotoxins in groundnuts. Knowledge of mycotoxins was positively associated with the level of education [OR = 3.42; (95%-IC: 1.00-16.00); p < 0.05] and region [OR = 4.49; (95%-IC: 1.09-20.3); p < 0.05]. Farmers' good practices were linked to their production experience [OR = 6.06, (95% CI: 0.91-18.4), p = 0.035]. The use of mouldy groundnut for feed was associated with age [OR = 3.34, (95% CI: 1.14-10.2), p = 0.03], sex [OR = 0. 43, (IC-95%: 1.14-1.05), p = 0.026], marital status [OR = 0.35, (IC-95%: 0.14-0.79), p = 0.015], and production region [OR = 0.27, (IC-95%: 0.13-0.56)]. In conclusion, groundnut farmers had insufficient knowledge of mycotoxins, no knowledge of aflatoxins, and suboptimal handling and storage practices for this commodity. This contributes to increasing the risk of exposure for the population and requires mitigation measures, including awareness campaigns on mycotoxins, specifically aflatoxins, and capacity building for farmers in terms of storage and postharvest management of foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Germain Ntsoli
- Phytopathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marie Ampères Boat Bedine
- Phytopathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Cynthia Claire Baleba
- Phytopathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Wakwa, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Steve Freddy Tchatcho Ngalle
- Phytopathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Idriss Djoko Kouam
- Phytopathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Roland Wilfried Titti
- Phytopathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Georges Marius Etame Kossi
- Genetics, Biotechnology, Agriculture and Plant Production Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Aoudou Yaouba
- Phytopathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon
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Rusinek R, Żytek A, Stasiak M, Wiącek J, Gancarz M. Application of MOX Sensors to Determine the Emission of Volatile Compounds in Corn Groats as a Function of Vertical Pressure in the Silo and Moisture Content of the Bed. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2187. [PMID: 38610398 PMCID: PMC11014101 DOI: 10.3390/s24072187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study was focused on the analysis of the emission of volatile compounds as an indicator of changes in the quality degradation of corn groats with 14% and 17% moisture content (wet basis) using an electronic nose (Agrinose) at changing vertical pressure values. The corn groats were used in this study in an unconsolidated state of 0 kPa (the upper free layer of bulk material in the silo) and under a consolidation pressure of 40 kPa (approximately 3 m from the upper layer towards the bottom of the silo) and 80 kPa (approximately 6 m from the upper layer towards the bottom of the silo). The consolidation pressures corresponded to the vertical pressures acting on the layers of the bulk material bed in medium-slender and low silos. Chromatographic determinations of volatile organic compounds were performed as reference tests. The investigations confirmed the correlation of the electronic nose response with the quality degradation of the groats as a function of storage time. An important conclusion supported by the research results is that, based on the determined levels of intensity of volatile compound emission, the electronic nose is able to distinguish the individual layers of the bulk material bed undergoing different degrees of quality degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland (J.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Żytek
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland (J.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Mateusz Stasiak
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland (J.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Joanna Wiącek
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland (J.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland (J.W.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
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19
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Sun F, Li Y, Tan H, Wu P, Shencheng Y, Lin H, Lu P, Zhang R, Liu S, Li Y, Yang S. Integrating a Multiple Isotopologue Reaction-Monitoring Technique and LC-MS/MS for Quantitation of Small Molecules: Ten Mycotoxins in Cereals as an Example. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6638-6650. [PMID: 38482854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of mycotoxin in cereals is crucial for ensuring food safety and human health. However, the preparation of traditional multisample external calibration curves (MSCCs) is labor-intensive and error-prone. Here, a multiple isotopologue reaction-monitoring (MIRM)-LC-MS/MS method for accurate quantitation of ten major mycotoxins in cereals was successfully developed and validated, where a novel one-sample multipoint calibration curve (OSCC) strategy is used instead of MSCCs. The OSCC can be established by examining the correlation between the calculated theoretical isotopic abundances and the measured abundance across various MIRM channels. In comparison to the MSCC, the OSCC strategy exhibits outstanding performance including superior selectivity, accuracy (78.4-108.6%), and precision (<12.5%). Furthermore, the proposed OSCC-MIRM-LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to investigate mycotoxin contamination in cereal samples in China. Considering the advantages of simplified workflows and improved throughput, the OSCC-MIRM-LC-MS/MS methodology holds great promise for accurately quantifying chemical contaminants in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshen Li
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiguang Tan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixu Wu
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Shencheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shupeng Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Wang L, Cai R, Zhang J, Liu X, Wang S, Ge Q, Zhao Z, Yue T, Yuan Y, Wang Z. Removal of ochratoxin A in wine by Cryptococcus albidus and safety assessment of degradation products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2030-2037. [PMID: 37910399 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that contaminates grape-based products and is extremely harmful to the health of the host. It is effectively removed by yeast during the fermentation of wine, whereas the removal mechanism of OTA remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the removal mechanism of ochratoxin A by yeast and to evaluate the safety of its degradation products. RESULTS Cryptococcus albidus (20-G) with better effect on ochratoxin A (OTA) was screened out in the main fermentation stage of wine. The results showed that 20-G removed OTA through biosorption and biodegradation. Intracellular enzymes played the main role (18.44%) and yeast cell walls adsorbed a small amount of OTA (8.44%). Furthermore, the identification of proteins in 20-G revealed that the decrease in OTA content was mainly a result of the action of peroxidase, and validation tests were carried out. By analyzing the degradation products of OTA, OTα and phenylalanine with lower toxicity were obtained. Animal experiments showed that the intervention of yeast 20-G reduced the damage and adverse effects caused by OTA toxicity to the mice. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the mechanism of OTA removal by 20-G and the toxicity of OTA was reduced by peroxidase in 20-G. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leran Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jierong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang, China
| | - Saiqun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang, China
| | - Qian Ge
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products (Ningxia), Yinchuan, China
| | - Zidan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products (Ningxia), Yinchuan, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang, China
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Galluzzo FG, Cammilleri G, Pulvirenti A, Mannino E, Pantano L, Calabrese V, Buscemi MD, Messina EMD, Alfano C, Macaluso A, Ferrantelli V. Determination of Mycotoxins in Plant-Based Meat Alternatives (PBMAs) and Ingredients after Microwave Cooking. Foods 2024; 13:339. [PMID: 38275706 PMCID: PMC10815609 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the role of microwave cooking in reducing mycotoxin contamination in plant-based food matrices, with a focus on veggie burgers (purchased and home-made) and their ingredients (soybean, potatoes, zucchini, carrots). Two different conditions were studied (Max-Min) that were 800 W for 60 s and 800 W for 90 s, respectively. The degradation patterns of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2), fumonisins (FB1, FB2, FB3), trichothecenes (T2, HT2, ZEA), and ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied. The extraction procedures were conducted with the QuEChERS extraction, and the analyses were conducted with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that degradation under microwave cooking varies considerably across different food matrices and cooking conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the degradation of mycotoxins during microwave cooking and underscores the need for more research in this area to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giuseppe Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Andrea Pulvirenti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Erika Mannino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Licia Pantano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Università degli studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Drussilla Buscemi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Elisa Maria Domenica Messina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Calogero Alfano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Andrea Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.B.); (E.M.D.M.); (C.A.); (A.M.); (V.F.)
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22
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Zhou H, Yang Y, Kang Y, Guo T, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Ma L. Synergistic toxicity induced by the co-exposure of tenuazonic acid and patulin in Caenorhabditis elegans: Daf-16 plays an important regulatory role. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115871. [PMID: 38141335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Tenuazonic acid (TeA) and patulin (PAT), as the naturally occurring mycotoxins with various toxic effects, are often detected in environment and food chain, has attracted more and more attention due to their widespread and high contaminations as well as the coexistence, which leads to potential human and animals' risks. However, their combined toxicity has not been reported yet. In our study, C. elegans was used to evaluate the type of combined toxicity caused by TeA+PAT and its related mechanisms. The results showed that TeA and PAT can induce synergistic toxic effects based on Combination Index (CI) evaluation model (Chou-Talalay method), that is, the body length, brood size as well as the levels of ROS, CAT and ATP were significantly affected in TeA+PAT-treated group compared with those in TeA- or PAT-treated group. Besides, the expressions of oxidative (daf-2, daf-16, cyp-35a2, ctl-1, ctl-3, pmk-1, jnk-1, skn-1) and intestinal (fat-5, pod-2, egl-8, pkc-3, ajm-1, nhx-2) stress-related genes were disrupted, among which daf-16 displayed the most significant alternation. Further study on daf-16 gene defective C. elegans showed that the damages to the mutant nematodes were significantly attenuated. Since daf-2, daf-16, jnk-1 and pmk-1 are evolutionarily conserved, our findings could hint synergistic toxic effects of TeA+PAT on higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulian Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi Kang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ting Guo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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23
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Liu M, Feng J, Yang X, Yu B, Zhuang J, Xu H, Xiang Q, Ma R, Jiao Z. Recent advances in the degradation efficacy and mechanisms of mycotoxins in food by atmospheric cold plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115944. [PMID: 38184978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Food contaminated by mycotoxins has become a worldwide public problem with political and economic implications. Although a variety of traditional methods have been used to eliminate mycotoxins from agri-foods, the results have been somewhat less than satisfactory. As an emerging non-thermal processing technology, atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) has great potential for food decontamination. Herein, this review mainly presents the degradation efficiency of ACP on mycotoxins in vitro and agri-foods as well as its possible degradation mechanisms. Meanwhile, ACP effects on food quality, factors affecting the degradation efficiency and the toxicity of degradation products are also discussed. According to the literatures, ACP could efficiently degrade many mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, and T-2 toxin) both in vitro and various foods (e.g., hazelnut, peanut, maize, rice, wheat, barley, oat flour, and date palm fruit) with little effects on the nutritional and sensory properties of food. The degradation efficacy was dependent on many factors including ACP treatment parameter, working gas, mycotoxin property, and food substrate. The mycotoxin degradation by ACP was mainly attributed to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in ACP, which can damage the chemical bonds of mycotoxins, consequently reducing the toxicity of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Hangbo Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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24
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Boshra MH, El-Housseiny GS, Farag MMS, Aboshanab KM. Innovative approaches for mycotoxin detection in various food categories. AMB Express 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38216801 PMCID: PMC10786816 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins (MTs), produced by filamentous fungi, represent a severe hazard to the health of humans and food safety, affecting the quality of various agricultural products. They can contaminate a wide range of foods, during any processing phase before or after harvest. Animals and humans who consume MTs-contaminated food or feed may experience acute or chronic poisoning, which may result in serious pathological consequences. Accordingly, developing rapid, easy, and accurate methods of MTs detection in food becomes highly urgent and critical as a quality control and to guarantee food safety and lower health hazards. In this review, we highlighted and discussed innovative approaches like biosensors, fluorescent polarization, capillary electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, and electronic noses for MT identification pointing out current challenges and future directions. The limitations, current challenges, and future directions of conventional detection methods versus innovative methods have also been highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina H Boshra
- Department of Mycotoxins, Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Organization of African Unity St., Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO: 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M S Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Organization of African Unity St., Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO: 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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25
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Chen L, Li F, Ma Z, Wang A, Kang Y, Liu B, Xu H, Li J, Wang X, Li K. Improving feed intake and rumen fermentation in lambs using mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay to adsorb naturally occurring mycotoxins. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae080. [PMID: 38513071 PMCID: PMC11015868 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of including a mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay (MDA) into a naturally moldly diet for Hu lambs. Fifty male Hu lambs with similar initial body weight (28.24 ± 1.80 kg) were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments: a basal diet containing naturally occurring mycotoxins with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg/t MDA, and basal diet with a commercial mycotoxin adsorbent Solis with montmorillonite as the major component at 1 kg/t. Both MDA and Solis increased average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI; P ≤ 0.004), and there was no difference in growth performance between MDA and Solis (P ≥ 0.26). The final body weight, DMI, and ADG were linearly increased with increasing MDA supplementation (P < 0.01). Lambs treated with both MDA and Solis demonstrated greater apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and energy compared with the control group (P ≤ 0.03), and there were no differences in nutrient digestibilities between MDA and Solis (P ≥ 0.38). Digestibility of CP was linearly increased with the increasing MDA supplementation (P = 0.01). Neither MDA nor Solis affected rumen total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration (P ≥ 0.39), but decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio and molar proportion of n-butyrate (P ≤ 0.01), and MDA also increased the concentration of ammonia (P = 0.003). Besides, increasing MDA supplementation linearly reduced the acetate-to-propionate ratio and molar proportion of n-butyrate (P = 0.01), but linearly and quadratically increased the concentration of ammonia (P ≥ 0.003). These results showed that the incorporation of MDA into a naturally moldy diet of Hu lambs yielded comparable results to the Solis product, with higher growth performance and nutrient digestibility but lower acetate-to-propionate ratio observed. In conclusion, including ≥ 1 kg/t of MDA in high mycotoxin risk diets for growing lambs improves feed intake and rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yuru Kang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Baocang Liu
- Xinjiang Tycoon Group Aksu Feed Corp, Aksu 842008, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- Minqin County Defu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Minqin 733300, PR China
| | - Jiandong Li
- Minqin County Defu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Minqin 733300, PR China
| | - Xinji Wang
- Extension Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine in Minqin County, Minqin 733300, PR China
| | - Kaidong Li
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation, Minqin County 733399, PR China
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Aytekin Sahin G, Aykemat Y, Yildiz AT, Dishan A, Inanc N, Gonulalan Z. Total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A levels, dietary exposure and cancer risk assessment in dried fruits in Türkiye. Toxicon 2024; 237:107540. [PMID: 38042309 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure total aflatoxin (AF) (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in dried fruit samples and to evaluate the potential dietary exposure and cancer risk to these mycotoxins in Kayseri/Türkiye. Dried fruit samples were collected between April-May 2021. A total of 11 dried grapes and apricot samples, 7 dried fig and plum samples were collected. Total aflatoxins and OTA in dried fruits were determined by ELISA method. Then, the margin of exposure (MOE) and cancer risk were calculated. Total AF was detected in dried fruit samples between 42.86%, and 100%. Between 18.18% and 57.14% of samples exceeded the European Commission (EC) limits for total AF. Moreover, OTA was detected in all samples. Between 71.43% and 100% of samples exceeded the EC limits for OTA. Cancer risk due to OTA exposure was higher than total AF and it was determined that OTA exposure could pose a risk for public health (MOE < 10,000). Although mycotoxin exposure seems to be low due to the low consumption of dried fruit in Türkiye, the risk of exposure and cancer may increase because of complying with the recommendations of the dietary guidelines. The findings provide new insights into exposure to total AF and OTA through the consumption of dried fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Aytekin Sahin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Aykemat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Tugba Yildiz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Adalet Dishan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Neriman Inanc
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zafer Gonulalan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey; Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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27
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Sun H, He Z, Xiong D, Long M. Mechanisms by which microbial enzymes degrade four mycotoxins and application in animal production: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:256-274. [PMID: 38033608 PMCID: PMC10685049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and efficient methods of detoxifying mycotoxins. As biotechnology has continued to develop, methods involving biological enzymes have shown great promise. Biological enzymatic methods, which can fundamentally destroy the structures of mycotoxins and produce degradation products whose toxicity is greatly reduced, are generally more specific, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Mycotoxin-degrading enzymes can thus facilitate the safe and effective detoxification of mycotoxins which gives them a huge advantage over other methods. This article summarizes the newly discovered degrading enzymes that can degrade four common mycotoxins (aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and ochratoxin A) in the past five years, and reveals the degradation mechanism of degrading enzymes on four mycotoxins, as well as their positive effects on animal production. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the safe treatment of mycotoxins by using biological enzyme technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dongwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Éder de Vilhena Araújo, Souza Jesus FF, Lederman Valente B, Cristianini M, Montagner CC, Fill TP. Analytical determination of tryptoquialanines A and B: Ensuring the quality and safety of orange juices. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113607. [PMID: 37986534 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Although orange juice is a popular beverage worldwide, fruit distribution, storage, and processing can facilitate fungal infection by Penicillium digitatum; leading to the production of tremorgenic alkaloids, specifically tryptoquialanines A (TA) and B (TB). An Analytical method was developed and validated based on QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS analysis to determine the levels of TA and TB in fresh, industrial, and homemade orange juices. Excellent linearity was observed in the method over a high range of 1-1000 μg/kg and low range of 1-75 μg/kg with R2 ≥ 0.998. The LOD and LOQ were 1 and 3 μg/kg, respectively. Recoveries showed values between 57 and 83 %, with RSD ≤ 13 %. Our data indicated a higher prevalence of mycotoxin TA in fresh and industrial orange juices. Reduction in TA and TB content after thermal and HPP treatments were ≤ 32 %. However, thermal treatment was more effective in reducing TA and TB contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éder de Vilhena Araújo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Francielly F Souza Jesus
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Lederman Valente
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cristianini
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Taicia P Fill
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Deligeorgakis C, Magro C, Skendi A, Gebrehiwot HH, Valdramidis V, Papageorgiou M. Fungal and Toxin Contaminants in Cereal Grains and Flours: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:4328. [PMID: 38231837 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains serve as the cornerstone of global nutrition, providing a significant portion of humanity's caloric requirements. However, the presence of fungal genera, such Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria, known for their mycotoxin-producing abilities, presents a significant threat to human health due to the adverse effects of these toxins. The primary objective of this study was to identify the predominant fungal contaminants in cereal grains utilized in breadmaking, as well as in flour and bread. Moreover, a systematic review, including meta-analysis, was conducted on the occurrence and levels of mycotoxins in wheat flour from the years 2013 to 2023. The genera most frequently reported were Fusarium, followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. Among the published reports, the majority focused on the analysis of Deoxynivalenol (DON), which garnered twice as many reports compared to those focusing on Aflatoxins, Zearalenone, and Ochratoxin A. The concentration of these toxins, in most cases determined by HPLC-MS/MS or HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector (FLD), was occasionally observed to exceed the maximum limits established by national and/or international authorities. The prevalence of mycotoxins in flour samples from the European Union (EU) and China, as well as in foods intended for infants, exhibited a significant reduction compared to other commercial flours assessed by a meta-analysis investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christodoulos Deligeorgakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christopher Magro
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Adriana Skendi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vasilis Valdramidis
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papageorgiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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30
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Tang Z, Fang F, Lou T, Manatbai B, Peng C, Gong Z, Guo J. Determination of ochratoxin A in licorice extract based on modified immunoaffinity column clean-up and HPLC analysis. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:1470-1481. [PMID: 37862446 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2266042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common concern for the quality and safety of licorice and its derivatives, while their complex sample matrices always restrict the monitoring and regulation of OTA. Taking the much more concentrated and complicated licorice extract as the representative, a modified analysis method was established for OTA by HPLC. Parameters were comprehensively investigated based on liquid-liquid extraction and immunoaffinity column clean-up. In comparison to other methods, the developed method achieved effective clean-up efficiency and selectivity without tedious procedures and specialized instrumentation. Good linearity (R2 ≥0.9995), low LOD/LOQ (0.10 μg/kg/0.33 μg/kg), and satisfactory recovery (90.0%-96.4%, RSDs <7.0%) indicated the satisfactory sensitivity and reliability of the method. In addition, the applicability and robustness of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of large numbers of licorice extract samples. It is noteworthy that 66.5% of 176 samples were contaminated with OTA, while the concentrations of 9.1% of samples exceeded the maximum limit (ML, 80 μg/kg) defined by the EU. On account of the high contamination frequency and broad concentration range of OTA, the daily intake limit of licorice extract was preliminarily determined to be 123.18-123.93 g/day (chronic exposure) and 24.24 g/day (acute exposure), indicating a potential of acute risk through daily exposure. This calls for improved supervision and regulation for OTA contamination in licorice samples. This study suggests a prospective option for the efficient determination and routine monitoring of OTA in licorice and its derivatives, simultaneously providing a valuable data base for its health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Technology Center of Urumqi Customs District P.R. China, Urumqi, China
| | - Tingting Lou
- Animal, Plant, and Foodstuffs Inspection Center of Tianjin Customs District P.R. China, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguo Gong
- Technology Center of Urumqi Customs District P.R. China, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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31
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Wang Y, Shang J, Cai M, Liu Y, Yang K. Detoxification of mycotoxins in agricultural products by non-thermal physical technologies: a review of the past five years. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11668-11678. [PMID: 35791798 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. with small molecular weight and thermal stability, are highly toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites. Mycotoxins have caused widespread concern regarding food safety internationally because of their adverse effects on the health of humans and animals, and the major economic losses they cause. There is an urgent need to find ways to reduce or eliminate the impact of mycotoxins in food and feed without introducing new safety issues, or reducing nutritional quality. Non-thermal physical technology is the basis for new techniques to degrade mycotoxins, with great potential for practical detoxification applications in the food industry. Compared with conventional thermal treatments, non-thermal physical detoxification technologies are easier to apply and effective, with less adverse impact on the nutritional value of agricultural products. The advantages, limitations and development prospects of these new detoxification technologies are discussed. Further studies are recommended to standardize the treatment conditions for each detoxification technology, evaluate the safety of the degradation products, and to combine different detoxification technologies to achieve synergistic effects. This will facilitate realization of the great potential of the new technologies and the development of practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Food science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology/Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shang
- College of Food science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology/Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Food science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology/Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University/South China Food Safety Research Center, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology/Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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32
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Nkekesi B, Amenya P, Aboagye G, Kortei NK. Street-vended grilled beef sausages as potential vehicles of bacterial and fungal pathogens: An exploratory survey in Ho, the capital city of the Volta Region of Ghana. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7013-7025. [PMID: 37970393 PMCID: PMC10630801 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Grilled beef sausage is a popular street delicacy in many countries, and Ghana is no exception. This study assessed street-vended grilled beef sausages as a potential vehicle of microorganisms that present food safety risks to the general public in Ho City. Twenty grilled beef sausages were obtained from various vended locations within Ho municipality by convenient sampling and were analyzed by standard microbiological protocols for food safety followed by statistical analysis with a test of significant difference at p < .05. Total aerobic bacteria count of the potential foodborne pathogens ranged from 2.75 × 104 to 1.85 × 107 CFU/g. The microbial species identified included Staphylococcus aureus with a load from 6.15 × 102 to 1.67 × 105 CFU/g, Escherichia coli from 4.2 × 102 to 3.9 × 104 CFU/g, Bacillus cereus from 3.05 × 102 to 7.1 × 104 CFU/g, and Salmonella spp. from 2.8 × 102 to 5.5 × 104 CFU/g. Total fungal counts also ranged from 0.0 to 9.83 × 103 CFU/g, and the species identified included Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus spp. all of which were within the acceptable limits of the International Commission for Microbiological Specification of Foods. However, for total viable bacteria, 75% of the samples were above the acceptable limits in the guidelines by the Ghana Standards Authority, indicating that the consumption of grilled beef sausages poses serious food safety and hygiene risks to consumers. Hygienic processing of the sausages under sanitary environments, proper handling and preservation procedures, and periodic follow-up visits to the vended areas should be employed to reduce the risk of occurrence of potential pathogens in the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banabas Nkekesi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoVolta RegionGhana
| | - Priscilla Amenya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoVolta RegionGhana
| | - George Aboagye
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoVolta RegionGhana
| | - Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoVolta RegionGhana
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Wei H, Mao J, Sun D, Zhang Q, Cheng L, Yang X, Li P. Strategies to control mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi contamination by nano-semiconductor in food and agro-food: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12488-12512. [PMID: 35880423 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites generated from toxigenic fungi in the contaminated food and agro-food, which have been regarded as a serious threat to the food safety and human health. Therefore, the control of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi contamination is of great significance and has attracted the increasing attention of researchers. As we know, nano-semiconductors have many unique properties such as large surface area, structural stability, good biocompatibility, excellent photoelectrical properties, and low cost, which have been developed and applied in many research fields. Recently, nano-semiconductors have also been promisingly applied in mitigating or controlling mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi contaminations in food and agro-food. In this review, the type, occurrence, and toxicity of main mycotoxins in food and agro-food were introduced. Then, a variety of strategies to mitigate the mycotoxin contamination based on nano-semiconductors involving mycotoxins detection, inhibition of toxigenic fungi, and mycotoxins degradation were summarized. Finally, the outlook, opportunities, and challenges have prospected in the future for the mitigation of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi based on nano-semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglong Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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34
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Silva Â, Mateus ARS, Barros SC, Silva AS. Ergot Alkaloids on Cereals and Seeds: Analytical Methods, Occurrence, and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:7233. [PMID: 37894711 PMCID: PMC10609535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergot alkaloids are secondary metabolites resulting from fungi of the genus Claviceps that have proven to be highly toxic. These mycotoxins commonly infect cereal crops such as wheat, rye, barley, and oats. Due to the increase worldwide consumption of cereal and cereal-based products, the presence of ergot alkaloids in food presents a concern for human safety. For this reason, it is essential to develop several analytical methods that allow the detection of these toxic compounds. This review compiles and discusses the most relevant studies and methods used in the detection and quantification of ergot alkaloids. Moreover, the decontamination techniques are also addressed, with special attention to sorting, cleaning, frying, baking, peeling, and ammonization methods, as they are the only ones already applied to ergot alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (Â.S.); (A.R.S.M.)
| | - Ana Rita Soares Mateus
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (Â.S.); (A.R.S.M.)
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Sílvia Cruz Barros
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (Â.S.); (A.R.S.M.)
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, 4501-401 Oporto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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35
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Yang Z, Zhou N, Jiang X, Wang L. Loop Evolutionary Patterns Shape Catalytic Efficiency of TRI101/201 for Trichothecenes: Insights into Protein-Substrate Interactions. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6316-6331. [PMID: 37821422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are highly toxic mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi, while TRI101/201 family enzymes play a crucial role in detoxification through acetylation. Studies on the substrate specificity and catalytic kinetics of TRI101/201 have revealed distinct kinetic characteristics, with significant differences observed in catalytic efficiency toward deoxynivalenol, while the catalytic efficiency for T-2 toxin remains relatively consistent. In this study, we used structural bioinformatics analysis and a molecular dynamics simulation workflow to investigate the mechanism underlying the differential catalytic activity of TRI101/201. The findings revealed that the binding stability between trichothecenes and TRI101/201 hinges primarily on a hydrophobic cage structure within the binding site. An intrinsic disordered loop, termed loop cover, defined the evolutionary patterns of the TRI101/201 protein family that are categorized into four subfamilies (V1/V2/V3/M). Furthermore, the unique loop displayed different conformations among these subfamilies' structures, which served to disrupt (V1/V2/V3) or reinforce (M) the hydrophobic cages. The disrupted cages enhanced the water exposure of the hydrophilic moieties of substrates like deoxynivalenol and thereby hindered their binding to the catalytic sites of V-type enzymes. In contrast, this water exposure does not affect substrates like T-2 toxin, which have more hydrophobic substituents, resulting in a comparable catalytic efficiency of both V- and M-type enzymes. Overall, our studies provide theoretical support for understanding the catalytic mechanism of TRI101/201, which shows how an intrinsic disordered loop could impact the protein-ligand binding and suggests a direction for rational protein design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezheng Yang
- Taishan College, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Nana Zhou
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute, 102209 Beijing, China
| | - Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
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36
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Smaoui S, D’Amore T, Tarapoulouzi M, Agriopoulou S, Varzakas T. Aflatoxins Contamination in Feed Commodities: From Occurrence and Toxicity to Recent Advances in Analytical Methods and Detoxification. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2614. [PMID: 37894272 PMCID: PMC10609407 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesized by the secondary metabolic pathway in Aspergilli, aflatoxins (AFs) cause economic and health issues and are culpable for serious harmful health and economic matters affecting consumers and global farmers. Consequently, the detection and quantification of AFs in foods/feeds are paramount from food safety and security angles. Nowadays, incessant attempts to develop sensitive and rapid approaches for AFs identification and quantification have been investigated, worldwide regulations have been established, and the safety of degrading enzymes and reaction products formed in the AF degradation process has been explored. Here, occurrences in feed commodities, innovative methods advanced for AFs detection, regulations, preventive strategies, biological detoxification, removal, and degradation methods were deeply reviewed and presented. This paper showed a state-of-the-art and comprehensive review of the recent progress on AF contamination in feed matrices with the intention of inspiring interests in both academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Teresa D’Amore
- IRCCS CROB, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Maria Tarapoulouzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus;
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
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37
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Zou Y, Liu SB, Zhang Q, Tan HZ. Effects of Aflatoxin B 1 on growth performance, carcass traits, organ index, blood biochemistry and oxidative status in Chinese yellow chickens. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1015-1022. [PMID: 37482424 PMCID: PMC10539818 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the growth performance, carcass traits, organ index, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant capacity of yellow-feathered broilers were investigated to provide a reference for the application of AFB1-containing feed ingredients. In this test, yellow-feathered broilers were chosen as the research objects and divided into five treatment groups, with seven replicates in each group and 75 broilers in each replicate. The AFB1 concentration in the diets of groups 1 to 5 were 1.5 μg/kg, 15 μg/kg, 30 μg/kg, 45 μg/kg, and 60 μg/kg, respectively. The results showed that when dietary AFB1 levels were greater than 45 μg/kg, the feed conversion ratios of broilers of 1-21, 22-42, and 43-63 days of age increased (P<0.05). When dietary AFB1 levels were 30 μg/kg, liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was decreased (P<0.05), and serum transaminase (AST) activity was increased (P<0.05). Overall, dietary AFB1 levels had negative effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, blood biochemistry, and liver metabolism in yellow-feathered broilers. Based on using growth performance as the effect index, AFB1 levels in the diets of yellow-feathered broilers should not exceed 45 μg/kg. Based on using antioxidant capacity, liver function, and blood biochemistry as effect indexes, AFB1 levels in the diets of yellow-feathered broilers should not exceed 30 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- Poultry Business Division of Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Healthy Cultivation, Department of Poultry Nutrition and Feed Science, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Poultry Business Division of Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Healthy Cultivation, Department of Poultry Nutrition and Feed Science, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Poultry Business Division of Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Healthy Cultivation, Department of Poultry Nutrition and Feed Science, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Ze Tan
- Poultry Business Division of Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Healthy Cultivation, Department of Poultry Nutrition and Feed Science, Guangdong Province, China
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38
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Hajrulai-Musliu Z, Uzunov R, Jovanov S, Musliu D, Dimitrieska-Stojkovikj E, Stojanovska-Dimzoska B, Angeleska A, Stojkovski V, Sasanya JJ. Multi-class/residue method for determination of veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins and pesticide in urine using LC-MS/MS technique. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:156. [PMID: 37710254 PMCID: PMC10500785 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veterinary drugs are widely used in animals to prevent diseases and are a complex set of drugs with very different chemical properties. Multiclass and multi-residue methods for simultaneous detection of residues from veterinary drugs and contaminants in urine are very rare or non-existent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and reliable quantitative LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of a wide range of veterinary drug and pesticide residues and mycotoxins in bovine urine. This involved 42 veterinary drug residues (4 thyreostats, 6 anabolic hormones, 2 lactones, 10 beta agonists, 15 antibiotics, 5 sulphonamides), 28 pesticides and 2 mycotoxins. Stable isotopically labelled internal standards were used to facilitate effective quantification of the analytes. Analysis was performed in both positive and negative ionization modes with multiple reaction monitoring transitions over a period of 12 min. RESULTS The parameters validated included linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), detection capability (CCβ), decision limit (CCα), stability, accuracy and precision. The process followed guidelines of the regulation 2021/808/EC. The calibration curves were linear with coefficient of correlation (R2) from 0.991 to 0.999. The LODs were from 0.01 to 2.71 µg/L, while the LOQs were from 0.05 to 7.52 µg/L. The CCα and CCβ were in range 0.05-12.11 µg/L and 0.08-15.16 µg/L. In addition, the average recoveries of the spiked urine samples were from 71.0 to 117.0% and coefficient of variation (CV) < 21.38% (intraday and interday). CONCLUSION A new isotopic LC-MS/MS method has been developed, validated and applied for identification and quantification of 72 residues of veterinary drugs and pesticides and other contaminants such as mycotoxins in bovine urine. The most appropriated sample preparation procedures involved sodium acetate buffer, enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase and cleanup solid phase extraction with OASIS SPE cartridges. The parameters were satisfactorily validated fulfilling requirements under Regulation 2021/808/EC. Consequently, the method could be used in routine analysis of bovine urine samples for simultaneous detection of veterinary drug and pesticide residues as well as contaminants such as mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Hajrulai-Musliu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, "Ss. Cyril, Methodius" University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5/7, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia.
| | - Risto Uzunov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, "Ss. Cyril, Methodius" University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5/7, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Stefan Jovanov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, "Ss. Cyril, Methodius" University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5/7, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Dea Musliu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Elizabeta Dimitrieska-Stojkovikj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, "Ss. Cyril, Methodius" University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5/7, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Biljana Stojanovska-Dimzoska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, "Ss. Cyril, Methodius" University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5/7, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Angeleska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, "Ss. Cyril, Methodius" University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5/7, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Velimir Stojkovski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, "Ss. Cyril, Methodius" University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5/7, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - James Jacob Sasanya
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P. O. Box 100, Vienna, A-1400, Austria
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Pankin D, Povolotckaia A, Borisov E, Povolotskiy A, Borzenko S, Gulyaev A, Gerasimenko S, Dorochov A, Khamuev V, Moskovskiy M. Investigation of Spectroscopic Peculiarities of Ergot-Infected Winter Wheat Grains. Foods 2023; 12:3426. [PMID: 37761134 PMCID: PMC10528831 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat has played an important role in human agriculture since ancient times. Increasing rates of processed wheat product fabrication require more and more laboratory studies of product quality. This, in turn, requires the use, in production and in field conditions, of sufficiently accurate, fast and relatively low-cost quality control methods, including the detection of fungal diseases. One of the most widespread fungal diseases of wheat in the world is ergot caused by the fungi genus Claviceps. Optical methods are promising for this disease identification due to the relative ease of implementation and the possibility of performing fast analyses in large volumes. However, for application in practice, it is necessary to identify and substantiate characteristic spectral markers that make it possible to judge the sample contamination. In this regard, within the framework of this study, the methods of IR absorption spectroscopy in the MIR region and reflection spectroscopy in the UV-vis-NIR ranges, as well as luminescence spectroscopy, were used to study ergot-infected grains of winter wheat of the "Moskovskaya 56" cultivar. To justify the choice of the most specific spectral ranges, the methods of chemometric analysis with supervised classification, namely PCA-LDA and PCA-SVM, were applied. The possibility of separating infected grains according to the IR absorption, reflection spectra in the UV-vis-NIR ranges and visible luminescence spectra was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Pankin
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Anastasia Povolotckaia
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Eugene Borisov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Alexey Povolotskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergey Borzenko
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Anatoly Gulyaev
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Stanislav Gerasimenko
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexey Dorochov
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Viktor Khamuev
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Maksim Moskovskiy
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
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Topi D, Babič J, Jakovac-Strajn B, Tavčar-Kalcher G. Incidence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Wheat and Corn from Albania. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:567. [PMID: 37755993 PMCID: PMC10537406 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were analyzed in grains, specifically wheat and corn, from Albania. To summarize, 71 wheat and 45 corn samples from different growing areas were collected. The multi-toxin analytical procedure involved sample extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The incidence of AF was 18% in the analyzed wheat and 71% in the corn samples. The concentration of AFs was much higher in the corn samples than in the wheat samples. The maximum permitted levels for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and total AFs were not exceeded in the wheat samples, while they were exceeded in 36% of the corn samples. In the wheat samples, the AFB1 concentration varied between 0.2 and 0.4 µg kg-1. However, the highest concentrations in the corn samples were 2057, 2944, and 3550 µg kg-1. OTA was present in only three corn samples and one wheat sample. However, all contaminated samples exceeded the maximum permitted levels. This report reveals the presence of AFs and OTA in grain commodities, specifically wheat and corn, grown in Albania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dritan Topi
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (B.J.-S.); (G.T.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Boulevard Zogu 1, 25/1, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Janja Babič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (B.J.-S.); (G.T.-K.)
| | - Breda Jakovac-Strajn
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (B.J.-S.); (G.T.-K.)
| | - Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (B.J.-S.); (G.T.-K.)
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Damiano S, Longobardi C, Ferrara G, Piscopo N, Riccio L, Russo V, Meucci V, De Marchi L, Esposito L, Florio S, Ciarcia R. Oxidative Status and Histological Evaluation of Wild Boars' Tissues Positive for Zearalenone Contamination in the Campania Region, Southern Italy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1748. [PMID: 37760051 PMCID: PMC10525666 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi belonging to the genera Fusarium spp. and commonly found in feed and food. It is frequently related to reproductive disorders in farm animals and, occasionally, to hyperestrogenic syndromes in humans. Nowadays, knowledge about ZEN effects on wild boars (Sus scrofa) is extremely scarce, despite the fact that they represent one of the most hunted game species in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate how ZEN affects the liver, kidney, and muscle oxidative status and morphology of wild boars hunted in various locations throughout the province of Avellino, Campania Region, Southern Italy, during the 2021-2022 hunting season. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were assessed by colorimetric assays; tissue morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's stains. Our data showed that ZEN contamination might result in oxidative stress (OS) and some histopathological alterations in wild boars' livers and kidneys rather than in muscles, emphasizing the importance of developing a wildlife monitoring and management strategy for dealing not only with the problem of ZEN but the surveillance of mycotoxins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Nadia Piscopo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Riccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Valeria Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luigi Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Salvatore Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
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Lima da Silva J, Lombardi S, Castaldo L, Morelli E, Garda-Buffon J, Izzo L, Ritieni A. Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:562. [PMID: 37755988 PMCID: PMC10535900 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are a major source of contamination in cereals, posing risks to human health and causing significant economic losses to the industry. A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of 21 mycotoxins in Italian cereal grain samples (n = 200) was developed using a simple and quick sample preparation method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The proposed method showed some advantages, such as multi-mycotoxin analyses with simple sample preparation, fast determination, and high sensitivity. The analysis of the sample revealed the presence of 11 mycotoxins, with α-zearalenol being the most frequently detected, while deoxynivalenol exhibited the highest contamination level. Furthermore, co-occurrence was identified in 15.5% of the samples under analysis. Among these, 13% of the samples reported the simultaneous presence of two mycotoxins, while 2.5% showed the co-occurrence of three mycotoxins. Currently, there has been a renewed interest in guaranteeing the quality and safety of products intended for human consumption. This study holds significant value due to its ability to simultaneously detect multiple mycotoxins within a complex matrix. Furthermore, it provides findings regarding the occurrence and co-occurrence of emerging mycotoxins that currently lack regulation under the existing European Commission Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lima da Silva
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Sonia Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Jaqueline Garda-Buffon
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (E.M.)
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Hosseini S, Brenig B, Winitchakorn S, Kanmanee C, Srinual O, Tapingkae W, Gatphayak K. Genetic assessment of the effect of red yeast ( Sporidiobolus pararoseus) as a feed additive on mycotoxin toxicity in laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254569. [PMID: 37744913 PMCID: PMC10512063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic fungal species produce hazardous substances known as mycotoxins. Consumption of mycotoxin contaminated feed and food causes a variety of dangerous diseases and can even lead to death of animals and humans, raising global concerns for adverse health effects. To date, several strategies have been developed to counteract with mycotoxin contamination. Red yeast as a novel biological dietary agent is a promising strategy to eliminate mycotoxicity in living organisms. Poultry are most susceptible animals to mycotoxin contamination, as they are fed a mixture of grains and are at higher risk of co-exposure to multiple toxic fungal substances. Therefore, this study investigated the genetic mechanism underlying long-term feeding with red yeast supplementation in interaction with multiple mycotoxins using transcriptome profiling (RNA_Seq) in the liver of laying hens. The results showed a high number of significantly differentially expressed genes in liver of chicken fed with a diet contaminated with mycotoxins, whereas the number of Significantly expressed genes was considerably reduced when the diet was supplemented with red yeast. The expression of genes involved in the phase I (CYP1A1, CYP1A2) and phase II (GSTA2, GSTA3, MGST1) detoxification process was downregulated in animals fed with mycotoxins contaminated diet, indicating suppression of the detoxification mechanisms. However, genes involved in antioxidant defense (GSTO1), apoptosis process (DUSP8), and tumor suppressor (KIAA1324, FBXO47, NME6) were upregulated in mycotoxins-exposed animals, suggesting activation of the antioxidant defense in response to mycotoxicity. Similarly, none of the detoxification genes were upregulated in hens fed with red yeast supplemented diet. However, neither genes involved in antioxidant defense nor tumor suppressor genes were expressed in the animals exposed to the red yeast supplemented feed, suggesting decreases the adsorption of biologically active mycotoxins in the liver of laying hens. We conclude that red yeast can act as a mycotoxin binder to decrease the adsorption of mycotoxins in the liver of laying hens and can be used as an effective strategy in the poultry feed industry to eliminate the adverse effects of mycotoxins for animals and increase food safety for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanou Hosseini
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Chanidapha Kanmanee
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Gatphayak
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Li H, Sheng W, Haruna SA, Hassan MM, Chen Q. Recent advances in rare earth ion-doped upconversion nanomaterials: From design to their applications in food safety analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3732-3764. [PMID: 37548602 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The misuse of chemicals in agricultural systems and food production leads to an increase in contaminants in food, which ultimately has adverse effects on human health. This situation has prompted a demand for sophisticated detection technologies with rapid and sensitive features, as concerns over food safety and quality have grown around the globe. The rare earth ion-doped upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based sensor has emerged as an innovative and promising approach for detecting and analyzing food contaminants due to its superior photophysical properties, including low autofluorescence background, deep penetration of light, low toxicity, and minimal photodamage to the biological samples. The aim of this review was to discuss an outline of the applications of UCNPs to detect contaminants in food matrices, with particular attention on the determination of heavy metals, pesticides, pathogenic bacteria, mycotoxins, and antibiotics. The review briefly discusses the mechanism of upconversion (UC) luminescence, the synthesis, modification, functionality of UCNPs, as well as the detection principles for the design of UC biosensors. Furthermore, because current UCNP research on food safety detection is still at an early stage, this review identifies several bottlenecks that must be overcome in UCNPs and discusses the future prospects for its application in the field of food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Suleiman A Haruna
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China
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Nešić K, Habschied K, Mastanjević K. Modified Mycotoxins and Multitoxin Contamination of Food and Feed as Major Analytical Challenges. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:511. [PMID: 37624268 PMCID: PMC10467123 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, as natural products of molds, are often unavoidable contaminants of food and feed, to which the increasingly evident climate changes contribute a large part. The consequences are more or less severe and range from economic losses to worrying health problems to a fatal outcome. One of the best preventive approaches is regular monitoring of food and feed for the presence of mycotoxins. However, even under conditions of frequent, comprehensive, and conscientious controls, the desired protection goal may not be achieved. In fact, it often happens that, despite favorable analytical results that do not indicate high mycotoxin contamination, symptoms of their presence occur in practice. The most common reasons for this are the simultaneous presence of several different mycotoxins whose individual content does not exceed the detectable or prescribed values and/or the alteration of the form of the mycotoxin, which renders it impossible to be analytically determined using routine methods. When such contaminated foods enter a living organism, toxic effects occur. This article aims to shed light on the above problems in order to pay more attention to them, work to reduce their impact, and, eventually, overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Nešić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Food and Feed Department, Smolućska 11, 11070 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Kristina Habschied
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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Yang H, Dai H, Wan X, Shan D, Zhang Q, Li J, Xu Q, Wang C. Simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in corn and wheat by high efficiency extraction and purification based on polydopamine and ionic liquid bifunctional nanofiber mat. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341361. [PMID: 37257974 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the universality and harmfulness of mycotoxin co-contamination in cereals, it is of great significance to simultaneously monitor various mycotoxins co-polluted to ensure food safety and public health. In this work, a nanofiber mat modified by polydopamine and ionic liquid (PDA-IL-NFsM) was prepared and utilized as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for the simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple mycotoxins in corn and wheat. The PDA-IL-NFsM can form multiple retention mechanisms with the targets through hydrogen bond, π-π interaction, electrostatic or hydrophobic interaction, it shows favorable simultaneous adsorption performance (adsorption efficiency mostly higher than 88.27%) for fifteen mycotoxins in seven classes. Moreover, it can significantly reduce the matrix effect (lower than -13.69%), showing a good purification effect on the sample matrix. Based on the superior performance of PDA-IL-NFsM, a simple sample preparation method was established. The sample extract is simply diluted with water for SPE, and the eluent can be directly collected for ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The detection limit can reach 0.04-4.21 μg kg-1, the recovery was 80.09%-113.01%, and the relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day precision were 2.80%-14.81% and 0.68%-13.80% respectively. The results show that the proposed method has good sensitivity, accuracy and precision, and has practical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hairong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuerui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chunmin Wang
- Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China.
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Lv L, Chen Q, Jing C, Wang X. An ultrasensitive ratiometric aptasensor based on the dual-potential electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy) 32+ in a novel ternary system for detection of Patulin in fruit products. Food Chem 2023; 415:135780. [PMID: 36863239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
To sensitively monitor trace-level of toxic patulin (PAT), an ultrasensitive PAT ratiometric aptasensor based on the dual-potential electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)32+ was first proposed. Noteworthily, Ru(bpy)32+-doped trimetallic nanocube (Ru@Tri) innovatively integrated the luminophore and cathode coreaction accelerator (CCA), which could generate strong cathodic ECL in the existence of low concentration of K2S2O8. Simultaneously, anthocyanin-derived carbon quantum dots (anth-CQDs) prepared from purple potato skins was first served as a green anodic coreactant. And SiO2-coated anth-CQDs (anth-CQDs@SiO2) exhibited excellent performance for enhancing anodic ECL of Ru@Tri. Based on this, a novel ternary ECL system was established. In the presence of PAT, the ECL intensity ratio of anode to cathode (IECL-A/IECL-C) was significantly increased, and a low detection limit of 0.05 pg mL-1 was obtained. Moreover, when proposed method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were simultaneously applied to series of fruit products, the obtained results were completely consistent, reflecting its practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangrui Lv
- Key Laboratory of the Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - QingQing Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunyang Jing
- Key Laboratory of the Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Venslovas E, Mankevičienė A, Kochiieru Y, Janavičienė S, Dabkevičius Z, Bartkevičs V, Bērziņa Z, Pavlenko R. The Effect of Ustilago maydis and Delayed Harvesting on A- and B-Type Trichothecene Concentrations in Maize Grain. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:794. [PMID: 37623565 PMCID: PMC10455307 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether, in the context of a higher incidence of Ustilago maydis and Fusarium spp. at optimal and delayed harvest times, a higher incidence of mycotoxin contamination in maize grains could be expected. The field experiment was carried out at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry experimental fields over three consecutive years (2020-2022). Two maize hybrids (Duxxbury and Lapriora) with different FAO numbers were used. The experimental design in the field was a randomized complete block design. Harvesting took place at three different times: first at physiological maturity, and then 10 (±2) and 20 (±2) days after the first harvest. Each hybrid had four repetitions at different harvest times. The U. maydis infection was only detected in 2021 and after the first harvest cobs were further divided into four different groups with four repetitions: healthy cobs, cobs visually infected with Fusarium spp., cobs visually infected with common smut, and cobs visually infected with both pathogens. No U. maydis-damaged maize cobs were found in 2020 and 2022. The levels of Fusarium microscopic fungi in maize grains were also from 4 to 16 times higher in 2021 than in 2020 and 2022. Harvest delays in 2020 led to a significant deoxynivalenol concentration increase in the Duxxbury hybrid and an HT-2 concentration increase in the Lapriora hybrid. In 2021, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, and HT-2 concentrations significantly rose in both hybrids, but the T-2 concentration significantly increased only in the Lapriora hybrid. Deoxynivalenol concentrations were, respectively, 110 and 14.6 times higher than in cobs only infected with Fusarium spp. or U. maydis. Concentrations of 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol were, respectively, 60, 67, and 43 times higher than in asymptomatic cobs and cobs only infected with Fusarium spp. or U. maydis. Cobs contaminated with both pathogens also had higher concentrations of 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol. T-2 and HT-2 were detected in maize grains harvested from cobs infected only with Fusarium spp. The presence of U. maydis and Fusarium fungi in maize cobs, along with harvest delays, led to significant increases in mycotoxin concentrations, highlighting the importance of timely harvesting and pathogen management to mitigate mycotoxin contamination in maize grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimantas Venslovas
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Audronė Mankevičienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Yuliia Kochiieru
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Janavičienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Zenonas Dabkevičius
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Vadims Bartkevičs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Zane Bērziņa
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Romans Pavlenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
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Yu J, Pedroso IR. Mycotoxins in Cereal-Based Products and Their Impacts on the Health of Humans, Livestock Animals and Pets. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:480. [PMID: 37624237 PMCID: PMC10467131 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains are the most important food staples for human beings and livestock animals. They can be processed into various types of food and feed products such as bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, cake, snacks, beer, complete feed, and pet foods. However, cereal grains are vulnerable to the contamination of soil microorganisms, particularly molds. The toxigenic fungi/molds not only cause quality deterioration and grain loss, but also produce toxic secondary metabolites, mycotoxins, which can cause acute toxicity, death, and chronic diseases such as cancer, immunity suppression, growth impairment, and neural tube defects in humans, livestock animals and pets. To protect human beings and animals from these health risks, many countries have established/adopted regulations to limit exposure to mycotoxins. The purpose of this review is to update the evidence regarding the occurrence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in cereal grains and cereal-derived food and feed products and their health impacts on human beings, livestock animals and pets. The effort for safe food and feed supplies including prevention technologies, detoxification technologies/methods and up-to-date regulation limits of frequently detected mycotoxins in cereal grains for food and feed in major cereal-producing countries are also provided. Some important areas worthy of further investigation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Yu
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Mukhtar K, Nabi BG, Ansar S, Bhat ZF, Aadil RM, Khaneghah AM. Mycotoxins and consumers' awareness: Recent progress and future challenges. Toxicon 2023:107227. [PMID: 37454753 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
While food shortages have become an important challenge, providing safe food resources is a point of interest on a global scale. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that are formed through various fungi species. They are mainly spread through diets such as food or beverages. About one quarter of the world's food is spoiled with mycotoxins. As this problem is not resolved, it represents a significant threat to global food security. Besides the current concerns regarding the contamination of food items by these metabolites, the lack of knowledge by consumers and their possible growth and toxin production attracted considerable attention. While globalization provides a favorite condition for some countries, food security still is challenging for most countries. There are various approaches to reducing the mycotoxigenic fungi growth and formation of mycotoxins in food, include as physical, chemical, and biological processes. The current article will focus on collecting data regarding consumers' awareness of mycotoxins. Furthermore, a critical overview and comparison among different preventative approaches to reduce risk by consumers will be discussed. Finally, the current effect of mycotoxins on global trade, besides future challenges faced by mycotoxin contamination on food security, will be discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Mukhtar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Brera Ghulam Nabi
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Ansar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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