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Raza A, Chen H, Zhang C, Zhuang Y, Sharif Y, Cai T, Yang Q, Soni P, Pandey MK, Varshney RK, Zhuang W. Designing future peanut: the power of genomics-assisted breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:66. [PMID: 38438591 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Integrating GAB methods with high-throughput phenotyping, genome editing, and speed breeding hold great potential in designing future smart peanut cultivars to meet market and food supply demands. Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a legume crop greatly valued for its nourishing food, cooking oil, and fodder, is extensively grown worldwide. Despite decades of classical breeding efforts, the actual on-farm yield of peanut remains below its potential productivity due to the complicated interplay of genotype, environment, and management factors, as well as their intricate interactions. Integrating modern genomics tools into crop breeding is necessary to fast-track breeding efficiency and rapid progress. When combined with speed breeding methods, this integration can substantially accelerate the breeding process, leading to faster access of improved varieties to farmers. Availability of high-quality reference genomes for wild diploid progenitors and cultivated peanuts has accelerated the process of gene/quantitative locus discovery, developing markers and genotyping assays as well as a few molecular breeding products with improved resistance and oil quality. The use of new breeding tools, e.g., genomic selection, haplotype-based breeding, speed breeding, high-throughput phenotyping, and genome editing, is probable to boost genetic gains in peanut. Moreover, renewed attention to efficient selection and exploitation of targeted genetic resources is also needed to design high-quality and high-yielding peanut cultivars with main adaptation attributes. In this context, the combination of genomics-assisted breeding (GAB), genome editing, and speed breeding hold great potential in designing future improved peanut cultivars to meet market and food supply demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tiecheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pooja Soni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502324, India
| | - Manish K Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502324, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Naik S, Sudan J, Urwat U, Pakhtoon MM, Bhat B, Sharma V, Sofi PA, Shikari AB, Bhat BA, Sofi NR, Prasad PVV, Zargar SM. Genome-wide SNP discovery and genotyping delineates potential QTLs underlying major yield-attributing traits in buckwheat. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20427. [PMID: 38239091 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an important nutritional and nutraceutical-rich pseudo-cereal crop. Despite its obvious potential as a functional food, buckwheat has not been fully harnessed due to its low yield, self-incompatibility, increased seed cracking, limited seed set, lodging, and frost susceptibility. The inadequate availability of genomics resources in buckwheat is one of the major reasons for this. In the present study, genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) was conducted to identify loci associated with various morphological and yield-related traits in buckwheat. High throughput genotyping by sequencing led to the identification of 34,978 single nucleotide polymorphisms that were distributed across eight chromosomes. Population structure analysis grouped the genotypes into three sub-populations. The genotypes were also characterized for various qualitative and quantitative traits at two diverse locations, the analysis of which revealed a significant difference in the mean values. The association analysis revealed a total of 71 significant marker-trait associations across eight chromosomes. The candidate genes were identified near 100 Kb of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), providing insights into several metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. The integration of phenology and GWAS in the present study is useful to uncover the consistent genomic regions, related markers associated with various yield-related traits, and potential candidate genes having implications for being utilized in molecular breeding for the improvement of economically important traits in buckwheat. Moreover, the identified QTLs will assist in tracking the desirable alleles of target genes within the buckwheat breeding populations/germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Naik
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Jebi Sudan
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Uneeb Urwat
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohammad Maqbool Pakhtoon
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Bioinformatics Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Parvaze A Sofi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Asif B Shikari
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Bilal A Bhat
- Mountain Agriculture Research & Extension Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Najeebul Rehman Sofi
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Joshi P, Soni P, Sharma V, Manohar SS, Kumar S, Sharma S, Pasupuleti J, Vadez V, Varshney RK, Pandey MK, Puppala N. Genome-Wide Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Yield-Attributing Traits of Peanut. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:140. [PMID: 38397130 PMCID: PMC10888419 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are important high-protein and oil-containing legume crops adapted to arid to semi-arid regions. The yield and quality of peanuts are complex quantitative traits that show high environmental influence. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population (RIL) (Valencia-C × JUG-03) was developed and phenotyped for nine traits under two environments. A genetic map was constructed using 1323 SNP markers spanning a map distance of 2003.13 cM. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using this genetic map and phenotyping data identified seventeen QTLs for nine traits. Intriguingly, a total of four QTLs, two each for 100-seed weight (HSW) and shelling percentage (SP), showed major and consistent effects, explaining 10.98% to 14.65% phenotypic variation. The major QTLs for HSW and SP harbored genes associated with seed and pod development such as the seed maturation protein-encoding gene, serine-threonine phosphatase gene, TIR-NBS-LRR gene, protein kinase superfamily gene, bHLH transcription factor-encoding gene, isopentyl transferase gene, ethylene-responsive transcription factor-encoding gene and cytochrome P450 superfamily gene. Additionally, the identification of 76 major epistatic QTLs, with PVE ranging from 11.63% to 72.61%, highlighted their significant role in determining the yield- and quality-related traits. The significant G × E interaction revealed the existence of the major role of the environment in determining the phenotype of yield-attributing traits. Notably, the seed maturation protein-coding gene in the vicinity of major QTLs for HSW can be further investigated to develop a diagnostic marker for HSW in peanut breeding. This study provides understanding of the genetic factor governing peanut traits and valuable insights for future breeding efforts aimed at improving yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpesh Joshi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India;
| | - Pooja Soni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India;
| | - Surendra S. Manohar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Sampath Kumar
- Agricultural Research Station, Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Anantapur 515591, India;
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India;
| | - Janila Pasupuleti
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Vincent Vadez
- Institut de Recherche pour le Development (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Espèces (UMR DIADE), 34394 Montpellier, France;
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Naveen Puppala
- Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM 88101, USA
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Benitez-Alfonso Y, Soanes BK, Zimba S, Sinanaj B, German L, Sharma V, Bohra A, Kolesnikova A, Dunn JA, Martin AC, Khashi U Rahman M, Saati-Santamaría Z, García-Fraile P, Ferreira EA, Frazão LA, Cowling WA, Siddique KHM, Pandey MK, Farooq M, Varshney RK, Chapman MA, Boesch C, Daszkowska-Golec A, Foyer CH. Enhancing climate change resilience in agricultural crops. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1246-R1261. [PMID: 38052178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change threatens global food and nutritional security through negative effects on crop growth and agricultural productivity. Many countries have adopted ambitious climate change mitigation and adaptation targets that will exacerbate the problem, as they require significant changes in current agri-food systems. In this review, we provide a roadmap for improved crop production that encompasses the effective transfer of current knowledge into plant breeding and crop management strategies that will underpin sustainable agriculture intensification and climate resilience. We identify the main problem areas and highlight outstanding questions and potential solutions that can be applied to mitigate the impacts of climate change on crop growth and productivity. Although translation of scientific advances into crop production lags far behind current scientific knowledge and technology, we consider that a holistic approach, combining disciplines in collaborative efforts, can drive better connections between research, policy, and the needs of society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth K Soanes
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sibongile Zimba
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Horticulture Department, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Besiana Sinanaj
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Liam German
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Anastasia Kolesnikova
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jessica A Dunn
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Azahara C Martin
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Muhammad Khashi U Rahman
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain
| | - Zaki Saati-Santamaría
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain
| | - Evander A Ferreira
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária 1000, 39404547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidivan A Frazão
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária 1000, 39404547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wallace A Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Susmitha P, Kumar P, Yadav P, Sahoo S, Kaur G, Pandey MK, Singh V, Tseng TM, Gangurde SS. Genome-wide association study as a powerful tool for dissecting competitive traits in legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1123631. [PMID: 37645459 PMCID: PMC10461012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Legumes are extremely valuable because of their high protein content and several other nutritional components. The major challenge lies in maintaining the quantity and quality of protein and other nutritional compounds in view of climate change conditions. The global need for plant-based proteins has increased the demand for seeds with a high protein content that includes essential amino acids. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have evolved as a standard approach in agricultural genetics for examining such intricate characters. Recent development in machine learning methods shows promising applications for dimensionality reduction, which is a major challenge in GWAS. With the advancement in biotechnology, sequencing, and bioinformatics tools, estimation of linkage disequilibrium (LD) based associations between a genome-wide collection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and desired phenotypic traits has become accessible. The markers from GWAS could be utilized for genomic selection (GS) to predict superior lines by calculating genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). For prediction accuracy, an assortment of statistical models could be utilized, such as ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP), genomic best linear unbiased predictor (gBLUP), Bayesian, and random forest (RF). Both naturally diverse germplasm panels and family-based breeding populations can be used for association mapping based on the nature of the breeding system (inbred or outbred) in the plant species. MAGIC, MCILs, RIAILs, NAM, and ROAM are being used for association mapping in several crops. Several modifications of NAM, such as doubled haploid NAM (DH-NAM), backcross NAM (BC-NAM), and advanced backcross NAM (AB-NAM), have also been used in crops like rice, wheat, maize, barley mustard, etc. for reliable marker-trait associations (MTAs), phenotyping accuracy is equally important as genotyping. Highthroughput genotyping, phenomics, and computational techniques have advanced during the past few years, making it possible to explore such enormous datasets. Each population has unique virtues and flaws at the genomics and phenomics levels, which will be covered in more detail in this review study. The current investigation includes utilizing elite breeding lines as association mapping population, optimizing the choice of GWAS selection, population size, and hurdles in phenotyping, and statistical methods which will analyze competitive traits in legume breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pusarla Susmitha
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Rajasthan, India
| | - Smrutishree Sahoo
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology (GIET) University, Odisha, India
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Department of Genomics, Prebreeding and Bioinformatics, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Te Ming Tseng
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
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Zhang Z, Gangurde SS, Chen S, Mandlik RR, Liu H, Deshmukh R, Xu J, Wu Z, Hong Y, Li Y. Overexpression of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) AhGRFi gene enhanced root growth inhibition under exogenous NAA treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1184058. [PMID: 37416889 PMCID: PMC10321354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein is a kind of evolutionary ubiquitous protein family highly conserved in eukaryotes. Initially, 14-3-3 proteins were reported in mammalian nervous tissues, but in the last decade, their role in various metabolic pathways in plants established the importance of 14-3-3 proteins. In the present study, a total of 22 14-3-3 genes, also called general regulatory factors (GRF), were identified in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) genome, out of which 12 belonged to the ε group, whereas 10 of them belonged to the non- ε-group. Tissue-specific expression of identified 14-3-3 genes were studied using transcriptome analysis. The peanut AhGRFi gene was cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The investigation of subcellular localization indicated that AhGRFi is localized in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of the AhGRFi gene in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that under exogenous 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatment, root growth inhibition in transgenic plants was enhanced. Further analysis indicated that the expression of auxin-responsive genes IAA3, IAA7, IAA17, and SAUR-AC1 was upregulated and GH3.2 and GH3.3 were downregulated in transgenic plants, but the expression of GH3.2, GH3.3, and SAUR-AC1 showed opposite trends of change under NAA treatment. These results suggest that AhGRFi may be involved in auxin signaling during seedling root development. An in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of this process remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Songbin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rushil Ramesh Mandlik
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Jialing Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Hong
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Kassie FC, Nguepjop JR, Ngalle HB, Assaha DVM, Gessese MK, Abtew WG, Tossim HA, Sambou A, Seye M, Rami JF, Fonceka D, Bell JM. An Overview of Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1176. [PMID: 37372356 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping has been thoroughly used in peanut genetics and breeding in spite of the narrow genetic diversity and the segmental tetraploid nature of the cultivated species. QTL mapping is helpful for identifying the genomic regions that contribute to traits, for estimating the extent of variation and the genetic action (i.e., additive, dominant, or epistatic) underlying this variation, and for pinpointing genetic correlations between traits. The aim of this paper is to review the recently published studies on QTL mapping with a particular emphasis on mapping populations used as well as traits related to kernel quality. We found that several populations have been used for QTL mapping including interspecific populations developed from crosses between synthetic tetraploids and elite varieties. Those populations allowed the broadening of the genetic base of cultivated peanut and helped with the mapping of QTL and identifying beneficial wild alleles for economically important traits. Furthermore, only a few studies reported QTL related to kernel quality. The main quality traits for which QTL have been mapped include oil and protein content as well as fatty acid compositions. QTL for other agronomic traits have also been reported. Among the 1261 QTL reported in this review, and extracted from the most relevant studies on QTL mapping in peanut, 413 (~33%) were related to kernel quality showing the importance of quality in peanut genetics and breeding. Exploiting the QTL information could accelerate breeding to develop highly nutritious superior cultivars in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentanesh C Kassie
- Department of Plant Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
| | - Joël R Nguepjop
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP Institute, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France
- Centre d'Etudes Régional Pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS/ISRA), Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l'Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS, Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Hermine B Ngalle
- Department of Plant Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Dekoum V M Assaha
- Department of Agriculture, Higher Technical Teachers Training College, University of Buea, Kumba P.O. Box 249, Cameroon
| | - Mesfin K Gessese
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
| | - Wosene G Abtew
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Hodo-Abalo Tossim
- Centre d'Etudes Régional Pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS/ISRA), Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l'Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS, Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Aissatou Sambou
- Centre d'Etudes Régional Pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS/ISRA), Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l'Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS, Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Maguette Seye
- Centre d'Etudes Régional Pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS/ISRA), Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l'Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS, Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Jean-François Rami
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP Institute, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l'Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS, Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Daniel Fonceka
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP Institute, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France
- Centre d'Etudes Régional Pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS/ISRA), Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
- Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat, Innovation et Amélioration Variétale en Afrique de l'Ouest (IAVAO), CERAAS, Route de Khombole, Thiès BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Joseph M Bell
- Department of Plant Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
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8
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Sharma V, Gangurde SS, Nayak SN, Gowda AS, Sukanth B, Mahadevaiah SS, Manohar SS, Choudhary RS, Anitha T, Malavalli SS, Srikanth S, Bajaj P, Sharma S, Varshney RK, Latha P, Janila P, Bhat RS, Pandey MK. Genetic mapping identified three hotspot genomic regions and candidate genes controlling heat tolerance-related traits in groundnut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1182867. [PMID: 37287715 PMCID: PMC10243373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Groundnut productivity and quality have been impeded by rising temperatures in semi-arid environments. Hence, understanding the effects and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance will aid in tackling yield losses. In this context, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed and phenotyped for eight seasons at three locations for agronomic, phenological, and physiological traits under heat stress. A genetic map was constructed using genotyping-by-sequencing with 478 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci spanning a map distance of 1,961.39 cM. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using phenotypic and genotypic data identified 45 major main-effect QTLs for 21 traits. Intriguingly, three QTL clusters (Cluster-1-Ah03, Cluster-2-Ah12, and Cluster-3-Ah20) harbor more than half of the major QTLs (30/45, 66.6%) for various heat tolerant traits, explaining 10.4%-38.6%, 10.6%-44.6%, and 10.1%-49.5% of phenotypic variance, respectively. Furthermore, important candidate genes encoding DHHC-type zinc finger family protein (arahy.J0Y6Y5), peptide transporter 1 (arahy.8ZMT0C), pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (arahy.4A4JE9), Ulp1 protease family (arahy.X568GS), Kelch repeat F-box protein (arahy.I7X4PC), FRIGIDA-like protein (arahy.0C3V8Z), and post-illumination chlorophyll fluorescence increase (arahy.92ZGJC) were the underlying three QTL clusters. The putative functions of these genes suggested their involvement in seed development, regulating plant architecture, yield, genesis and growth of plants, flowering time regulation, and photosynthesis. Our results could provide a platform for further fine mapping, gene discovery, and developing markers for genomics-assisted breeding to develop heat-tolerant groundnut varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sharma
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCSU), Meerut, India
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Spurthi N. Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Anjan S. Gowda
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B.S. Sukanth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | | | - Surendra S. Manohar
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - T. Anitha
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, India
| | - Sachin S. Malavalli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - S.N. Srikanth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Prasad Bajaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCSU), Meerut, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Putta Latha
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, India
| | - Pasupuleti Janila
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramesh S. Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
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9
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Gangurde SS, Pasupuleti J, Parmar S, Variath MT, Bomireddy D, Manohar SS, Varshney RK, Singam P, Guo B, Pandey MK. Genetic mapping identifies genomic regions and candidate genes for seed weight and shelling percentage in groundnut. Front Genet 2023; 14:1128182. [PMID: 37007937 PMCID: PMC10061104 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1128182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed size is not only a yield-related trait but also an important measure to determine the commercial value of groundnut in the international market. For instance, small size is preferred in oil production, whereas large-sized seeds are preferred in confectioneries. In order to identify the genomic regions associated with 100-seed weight (HSW) and shelling percentage (SHP), the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (Chico × ICGV 02251) of 352 individuals was phenotyped for three seasons and genotyped with an Axiom_Arachis array containing 58K SNPs. A genetic map with 4199 SNP loci was constructed, spanning a map distance of 2708.36 cM. QTL analysis identified six QTLs for SHP, with three consistent QTLs on chromosomes A05, A08, and B10. Similarly, for HSW, seven QTLs located on chromosomes A01, A02, A04, A10, B05, B06, and B09 were identified. BIG SEED locus and spermidine synthase candidate genes associated with seed weight were identified in the QTL region on chromosome B09. Laccase, fibre protein, lipid transfer protein, senescence-associated protein, and disease-resistant NBS-LRR proteins were identified in the QTL regions associated with shelling percentage. The associated markers for major-effect QTLs for both traits successfully distinguished between the small- and large-seeded RILs. QTLs identified for HSW and SHP can be used for developing potential selectable markers to improve the cultivars with desired seed size and shelling percentage to meet the demands of confectionery industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S. Gangurde
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
- USDA-ARS, Crops Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Janila Pasupuleti
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Parmar
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Murali T. Variath
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Deekshitha Bomireddy
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Surendra S. Manohar
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Baozhu Guo
- USDA-ARS, Crops Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Manish K. Pandey,
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10
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Raza A, Mubarik MS, Sharif R, Habib M, Jabeen W, Zhang C, Chen H, Chen ZH, Siddique KHM, Zhuang W, Varshney RK. Developing drought-smart, ready-to-grow future crops. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20279. [PMID: 36366733 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Breeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to rise in the coming years. Therefore, it is vital to understand the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and ecological mechanisms associated with DS. This review examines recent advances in plant responses to DS to expand our understanding of DS-associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources adversely affect crop growth and yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, and molecular adjustments. To control the devastating effect of DS in crop plants, it is important to understand its consequences, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of DS for sustainable production. In addition to plant responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, and biochemical to mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, and conventional agronomic practices). Further, we have also presented the scope of conventional and speed breeding platforms in helping to develop the drought-smart future crops. In short, we recommend incorporating several approaches, such as multi-omics, genome editing, speed breeding, and traditional mechanical strategies, to develop drought-smart cultivars to achieve the 'zero hunger' goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | - Rahat Sharif
- Dep. of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou Univ., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Madiha Habib
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Rd., Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Warda Jabeen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney Univ., Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The Univ. of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch Univ., Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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11
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Genome-Wide Investigation of Apyrase (APY) Genes in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) and Functional Characterization of a Pod-Abundant Expression Promoter AhAPY2-1p. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054622. [PMID: 36902052 PMCID: PMC10003104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and feed crop worldwide and is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. The cellular ATP levels decrease significantly during stress as ATP molecules move to extracellular spaces, resulting in increased ROS production and cell apoptosis. Apyrases (APYs) are the nucleoside phosphatase (NPTs) superfamily members and play an important role in regulating cellular ATP levels under stress. We identified 17 APY homologs in A. hypogaea (AhAPYs), and their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, putative miRNAs targeting different AhAPYs, cis-regulatory elements, etc., were studied in detail. The transcriptome expression data were used to observe the expression patterns in different tissues and under stress conditions. We found that the AhAPY2-1 gene showed abundant expression in the pericarp. As the pericarp is a key defense organ against environmental stress and promoters are the key elements regulating gene expression, we functionally characterized the AhAPY2-1 promoter for its possible use in future breeding programs. The functional characterization of AhAPY2-1P in transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed that it effectively regulated GUS gene expression in the pericarp. GUS expression was also detected in flowers of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overall, these results strongly suggest that APYs are an important future research subject for peanut and other crops, and AhPAY2-1P can be used to drive the resistance-related genes in a pericarp-specific manner to enhance the defensive abilities of the pericarp.
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12
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Zhuang Y, Sharif Y, Zeng X, Chen S, Chen H, Zhuang C, Deng Y, Ruan M, Chen S, Weijian Z. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the promoter of a novel Aspergillus flavus inducible gene ( AhOMT1) from peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1102181. [PMID: 36844094 PMCID: PMC9947529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is an important oil and food legume crop grown in more than one hundred countries, but the yield and quality are often impaired by different pathogens and diseases, especially aflatoxins jeopardizing human health and causing global concerns. For better management of aflatoxin contamination, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel A. flavus inducible promoter of the O-methyltransferase gene (AhOMT1) from peanut. The AhOMT1 gene was identified as the highest inducible gene by A. flavus infection through genome-wide microarray analysis and verified by qRT-PCR analysis. AhOMT1 gene was studied in detail, and its promoter, fussed with the GUS gene, was introduced into Arabidopsis to generate homozygous transgenic lines. Expression of GUS gene was studied in transgenic plants under the infection of A. flavus. The analysis of AhOMT1 gene characterized by in silico assay, RNAseq, and qRT-PCR revealed minute expression in different organs and tissues with trace or no response to low temperature, drought, hormones, Ca2+, and bacterial stresses, but highly induced by A. flavus infection. It contains four exons encoding 297 aa predicted to transfer the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). The promoter contains different cis-elements responsible for its expression characteristics. Functional characterization of AhOMT1P in transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated highly inducible behavior only under A. flavus infection. The transgenic plants did not show GUS expression in any tissue(s) without inoculation of A. flavus spores. However, GUS activity increased significantly after inoculation of A. flavus and maintained a high level of expression after 48 hours of infection. These results provided a novel way for future management of peanut aflatoxins contamination through driving resistance genes in A. flavus inducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhuang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zeng
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suzheng Chen
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhuang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | | | - Zhuang Weijian
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Yang Q, Sharif Y, Zhuang Y, Chen H, Zhang C, Fu H, Wang S, Cai T, Chen K, Raza A, Wang L, Zhuang W. Genome-wide identification of germin-like proteins in peanut ( Arachis hypogea L.) and expression analysis under different abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1044144. [PMID: 36756235 PMCID: PMC9901545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1044144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is an important food and feed crop, providing oil and protein nutrients. Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) are ubiquitously present in plants playing numerous roles in defense, growth and development, and different signaling pathways. However, the GLP members have not been comprehensively studied in peanut at the genome-wide scale. We carried out a genome-wide identification of the GLP genes in peanut genome. GLP members were identified comprehensively, and gene structure, genomic positions, motifs/domains distribution patterns, and phylogenetic history were studied in detail. Promoter Cis-elements, gene duplication, collinearity, miRNAs, protein-protein interactions, and expression were determined. A total of 84 GLPs (AhGLPs ) were found in the genome of cultivated peanut. These GLP genes were clustered into six groups. Segmental duplication events played a key role in the evolution of AhGLPs, and purifying selection pressure was underlying the duplication process. Most AhGLPs possessed a well-maintained gene structure and motif organization within the same group. The promoter regions of AhGLPs contained several key cis-elements responsive to 'phytohormones', 'growth and development', defense, and 'light induction'. Seven microRNAs (miRNAs) from six families were found targeting 25 AhGLPs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that AhGLPs are highly enriched in nutrient reservoir activity, aleurone grain, external encapsulating structure, multicellular organismal reproductive process, and response to acid chemicals, indicating their important biological roles. AhGLP14, AhGLP38, AhGLP54, and AhGLP76 were expressed in most tissues, while AhGLP26, AhGLP29, and AhGLP62 showed abundant expression in the pericarp. AhGLP7, AhGLP20, and AhGLP21, etc., showed specifically high expression in embryo, while AhGLP12, AhGLP18, AhGLP40, AhGLP78, and AhGLP82 were highly expressed under different hormones, water, and temperature stress. The qRT-PCR results were in accordance with the transcriptome expression data. In short, these findings provided a foundation for future functional investigations on the AhGLPs for peanut breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huiwen Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Tiecheng Cai
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
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14
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Puppala N, Nayak SN, Sanz-Saez A, Chen C, Devi MJ, Nivedita N, Bao Y, He G, Traore SM, Wright DA, Pandey MK, Sharma V. Sustaining yield and nutritional quality of peanuts in harsh environments: Physiological and molecular basis of drought and heat stress tolerance. Front Genet 2023; 14:1121462. [PMID: 36968584 PMCID: PMC10030941 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is significantly impacting agricultural production worldwide. Peanuts provide food and nutritional security to millions of people across the globe because of its high nutritive values. Drought and heat stress alone or in combination cause substantial yield losses to peanut production. The stress, in addition, adversely impact nutritional quality. Peanuts exposed to drought stress at reproductive stage are prone to aflatoxin contamination, which imposes a restriction on use of peanuts as health food and also adversely impact peanut trade. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of drought and heat stress at physiological and molecular levels may accelerate the development of stress tolerant productive peanut cultivars adapted to a given production system. Significant progress has been achieved towards the characterization of germplasm for drought and heat stress tolerance, unlocking the physiological and molecular basis of stress tolerance, identifying significant marker-trait associations as well major QTLs and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance, which after validation may be deployed to initiate marker-assisted breeding for abiotic stress adaptation in peanut. The proof of concept about the use of transgenic technology to add value to peanuts has been demonstrated. Advances in phenomics and artificial intelligence to accelerate the timely and cost-effective collection of phenotyping data in large germplasm/breeding populations have also been discussed. Greater focus is needed to accelerate research on heat stress tolerance in peanut. A suits of technological innovations are now available in the breeders toolbox to enhance productivity and nutritional quality of peanuts in harsh environments. A holistic breeding approach that considers drought and heat-tolerant traits to simultaneously address both stresses could be a successful strategy to produce climate-resilient peanut genotypes with improved nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Puppala
- Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- *Correspondence: Naveen Puppala,
| | - Spurthi N. Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Saez
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Charles Chen
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mura Jyostna Devi
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nivedita Nivedita
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yin Bao
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Guohao He
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Sy M. Traore
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - David A. Wright
- Department of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
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Molecular Characterization and Drought Resistance of GmNAC3 Transcription Factor in Glycine max (L.) Merr. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012378. [PMID: 36293235 PMCID: PMC9604218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean transcription factor GmNAC plays important roles in plant resistance to environmental stresses. In this study, GmNAC3 was cloned in the drought tolerant soybean variety “Jiyu47”, with the molecular properties of GmNAC3 characterized to establish its candidacy as a NAC transcription factor. The yeast self-activation experiments revealed the transcriptional activation activity of GmNAC3, which was localized in the nucleus by the subcellular localization analysis. The highest expression of GmNAC3 was detected in roots in the podding stage of soybean, and in roots of soybean seedlings treated with 20% PEG6000 for 12 h, which was 16 times higher compared with the control. In the transgenic soybean hairy roots obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method treated with 20% PEG6000 for 12 h, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase and the content of proline were increased, the malondialdehyde content was decreased, and the expressions of stress resistance-related genes (i.e., APX2, LEA14, 6PGDH, and P5CS) were up-regulated. These expression patterns were confirmed by transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana with the overexpression of GmNAC3. This study provided strong scientific evidence to support further investigation of the regulatory function of GmNAC3 in plant drought resistance and the molecular mechanisms regulating the plant response to environmental stresses.
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16
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Raza A, Sharif Y, Chen K, Wang L, Fu H, Zhuang Y, Chitikineni A, Chen H, Zhang C, Varshney RK, Zhuang W. Genome-Wide Characterization of Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene Family in Peanut ( Arachis hypogea L.) Revealed Their Crucial Role in Growth and Multiple Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:962182. [PMID: 36186077 PMCID: PMC9524023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.962182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), an important antioxidant enzyme, plays a significant role in ROS scavenging by catalyzing the decrease of hydrogen peroxide under various environmental stresses. Nevertheless, information about the APX gene family and their evolutionary and functional attributes in peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) was not reported. Therefore, a comprehensive genome-wide study was performed to discover the APX genes in cultivated peanut genome. This study identified 166 AhAPX genes in the peanut genome, classified into 11 main groups. The gene duplication analysis showed that AhAPX genes had experienced segmental duplications and purifying selection pressure. Gene structure and motif investigation indicated that most of the AhAPX genes exhibited a comparatively well-preserved exon-intron pattern and motif configuration contained by the identical group. We discovered five phytohormones-, six abiotic stress-, and five growth and development-related cis-elements in the promoter regions of AhAPX. Fourteen putative ah-miRNAs from 12 families were identified, targeting 33 AhAPX genes. Furthermore, we identified 3,257 transcription factors from 38 families (including AP2, ARF, B3, bHLH, bZIP, ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY, etc.) in 162 AhAPX genes. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis confirm the role of AhAPX genes in oxidoreductase activity, catalytic activity, cell junction, cellular response to stimulus and detoxification, biosynthesis of metabolites, and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Based on transcriptome datasets, some genes such as AhAPX4/7/17/77/82/86/130/133 and AhAPX160 showed significantly higher expression in diverse tissues/organs, i.e., flower, leaf, stem, roots, peg, testa, and cotyledon. Likewise, only a few genes, including AhAPX4/17/19/55/59/82/101/102/137 and AhAPX140, were significantly upregulated under abiotic (drought and cold), and phytohormones (ethylene, abscisic acid, paclobutrazol, brassinolide, and salicylic acid) treatments. qRT-PCR-based expression profiling presented the parallel expression trends as generated from transcriptome datasets. Our discoveries gave new visions into the evolution of APX genes and provided a base for further functional examinations of the AhAPX genes in peanut breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- Murdoch’s Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Murdoch’s Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
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17
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Zhao H, Tian R, Xia H, Li C, Li G, Li A, Zhang X, Zhou X, Ma J, Huang H, Zhang K, Thudi M, Ma C, Wang X, Zhao C. High-Density Genetic Variation Map Reveals Key Candidate Loci and Genes Associated With Important Agronomic Traits in Peanut. Front Genet 2022; 13:845602. [PMID: 35401655 PMCID: PMC8990815 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.845602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut is one of the most important cash crops with high quality oil, high protein content, and many other nutritional elements, and grown globally. Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is allotetraploid with a narrow genetic base, and its genetics and molecular mechanisms controlling the agronomic traits are poorly understood. Here, we report a comprehensive genome variation map based on the genotyping of a panel of 178 peanut cultivars using Axiom_Arachis2 SNP array, including 163 representative varieties of different provinces in China, and 15 cultivars from 9 other countries. According to principal component analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic analysis, the peanut varieties were divided into 7 groups, notable genetic divergences between the different areas were shaped by environment and domestication. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis, we identified several marker-trait associations (MTAs) and candidate genes potentially involved in regulating several agronomic traits of peanut, including one MTA related with hundred seed weight, one MTA related with total number of branches, and 14 MTAs related with pod shape. This study outlines the genetic basis of these peanut cultivars and provides 13,125 polymorphic SNP markers for further distinguishing and utility of these elite cultivars. In addition, the candidate loci and genes provide valuable information for further fine mapping of QTLs and improving the quality and yield of peanut using a genomic-assisted breeding method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Han Xia
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Xianying Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Ximeng Zhou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Huailing Huang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samsthipur, India
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xingjun Wang, ; Chuanzhi Zhao,
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xingjun Wang, ; Chuanzhi Zhao,
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