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Chen L, Lu T, Yang D, Qin X, Huang L, Xu B, Peng Y, Chen S. Clinical Outcome and Factors with Dietary Behaviors in Pregnant Women with Listeria monocytogenes: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Shanghai. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:431-439. [PMID: 38607615 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a globally rare foodborne disease that causes fetal-placental infection, leading to adverse pregnancy outcome, while limited research among pregnant women is available in China. This study was therefore aimed at analyzing the incidence, clinical manifestations, and clinical outcome of listeriosis among pregnant women and its associated dietary behavior risk factors in prevention. A hospital-based case-control study had been conducted from January 2017 to December 2021. Clinical data, laboratory information, and questionnaires including dietary behaviors and personal hygiene were collected within 2 days after case diagnosis. There were 48 pregnant women, including 12 cases and 36 controls, with an average age of 31.19 ± 3.75 years. The incidence of admission-based listeriosis among pregnant women was 1.6058 per 10,000. The 12 strains were divided into 3 serotypes: 1/2a(83.33%), 1/2b(8.33%), and 4b(8.33%). Among the cases, 5 cases (41.67%) resulted in abortion, 3 cases (25%) induced preterm labor, and 4 cases (33.33%) had full-term deliveries after treatment. There were 7 live births in the case group, among which 6 were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), while 1 case had a healthy fetal outcome. All patients in the control group gave birth to live fetuses. Epidemiological investigation revealed that pregnant women dining at restaurants three or more times per week might increase the risk of having Listeria infection. There were no significant differences in dietary consumed behaviors, hand hygiene, and refrigerator usage behaviors between case and control groups. The study suggested that dining at restaurants might be associated with Listeria infection among pregnant women. Therefore, it is essential to enhance education on listeriosis serious consequences and promote healthy dietary and hygiene habits among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tingyan Lu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Dongjian Yang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lishi Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Biyao Xu
- Department of Food Safety, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongan Peng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shufang Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Zhang P, Ji L, Wu X, Chen L, Yan W, Dong F. Prevalence, Genotypic Characteristics, and Antibiotic Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes From Retail Foods in Huzhou, China. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100307. [PMID: 38797247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes are considered to be the major foodborne pathogen worldwide. To understand the prevalence and potential risk of L. monocytogenes in retail foods, a total of 1243 retail foods in 12 food categories were sampled and screened for L. monocytogenes from 2020 to 2022 in Huzhou, China. A total of 46 out of 1234 samples were confirmed to be L. monocytogenes positive with a total rate of 3.7%. The contamination rate of seasoned raw meat (15.2%) was the highest, followed by raw poultry meat and raw livestock meat (9.9%) and salmon sashimi (9.5%). The L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to four serotypes, 1/2a,1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, with the most prevalent serotype being 1/2a (47.9%). All isolates were grouped into 15 sequence types (STs) belonging to 14 clonal complexes (CCs) via multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The most prevalent ST was ST9/CC9 (23.9%), followed by ST3/CC3 (19.6%) and ST121/CC121 (17.4%). Notably, 11 STs were detected from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, some of them have been verified to be strongly associated with clinical origin listeriosis cases, such as ST3, ST2, ST5, ST8, and ST87. Listeria pathogenicity islands 1 (LIPI-1) and LIPI-2 were detected in approximately all L. monocytogenes isolates, whereas the distribution of both LIPI-3 genes and LIPI-4 genes exhibited association with specific ST, with LIPI-3 in ST3 and ST288, and LIPI-4 in ST87. The strains carrying LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 virulence genes in this study were all isolated from RTE foods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that >90% of isolates were susceptible to PEN, AMP, ERY, CIP, SXT, VAN, CHL, and GEN, indicating the antibiotic treatment might be still efficient for most of the L. monocytogenes strains. However, for the three clinical first-line antibiotics (PEN, AMP, and GEN), we also observed three and four strains showing MIC values greater than the susceptibility standards for PEN and AMP, respectively, and one strain showing resistance to GEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Lei Ji
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Fenfen Dong
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Moerane R, Ngoshe Y, Tshuma T, Moabelo K, Adesiyun A. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria species recovered from retail outlets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J Food Prot 2024:100322. [PMID: 38944055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The study determined the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Listeria spp. (L. monocytogenes, L. innocua and L. welshimeri) recovered from beef and beef products sold at retail outlets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A total of 112 isolates of Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes (37), L. innocua (65), and L. welshimeri (10), were recovered from beef and beef products collected from 48 retail outlets. Listeria spp. was recovered by direct selective plating following selective enrichment, and PCR was used to confirm and characterize recovered isolates. The disc diffusion method determined the resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents. All 112 isolates of Listeria spp. exhibited resistance to one or more antibiotics (P<0.05). The prevalence of AMR in Listeria isolates was high for nalidixic acid (99.1%) and cefotaxime (80.4%) but low for gentamycin (2.7%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (3.6%), azithromycin (5.4%), and doxycycline (6.3%). Overall, for the three species of Listeria, the prevalence of resistance varied significantly only for streptomycin (P=0.016) and tetracycline (P=0.034). Multidrug-resistant isolates were detected in 75.7% (28/37), 61.5% (40/65), and 80% (8/10) isolates of L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. welshimeri, respectively. The prevalence of AMR was significantly affected by the location and size of retail outlets, type of beef and beef products, and serogroups of L. monocytogenes. The high prevalence of AMR, particularly among the L. monocytogenes isolates, poses potential therapeutic implications for human consumers of contaminated beef products. There is, therefore, a need to regulate and enforce the use of antimicrobial agents in humans and animals in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 39, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Yusuf Ngoshe
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Takula Tshuma
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Khomotso Moabelo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Abiodun Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Manqele A, Adesiyun A, Mafuna T, Pierneef R, Moerane R, Gcebe N. Virulence Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Obtained from Beef and Beef-Based Products Deciphered Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1166. [PMID: 38930548 PMCID: PMC11205329 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterial pathogen that threatens the food chain and human health. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used for the genomic characterization of L. monocytogenes (n = 24) from beef and beef-based products. Multilocus Sequence Type (MLST) analysis revealed that ST204 of CC204 was the most common sequence type (ST). Other sequence types detected included ST1 and ST876 of CC1, ST5 of CC5, ST9 of CC9, ST88 of CC88, ST2 and ST1430 of CC2, and ST321 of CC321. Genes encoding for virulence factors included complete LIPI-1 (pfrA-hly-plcA-plcB-mpl-actA) from 54% (13/24) of the isolates of ST204, ST321, ST1430, and ST9 and internalin genes inlABC that were present in all the STs. All the L. monocytogenes STs carried four intrinsic/natural resistance genes, fosX, lin, norB, and mprF, conferring resistance to fosfomycin, lincosamide, quinolones, and cationic peptides, respectively. Plasmids pLGUG1 and J1776 were the most detected (54% each), followed by pLI100 (13%) and pLM5578 (7%). The prophage profile, vB_LmoS_188, was overrepresented amongst the isolates, followed by LP_101, LmoS_293_028989, LP_030_2_021539, A006, and LP_HM00113468. Listeria genomic island 2 (LGI-2) was found to be present in all the isolates, while Listeria genomic island 3 (LGI-3) was present in a subset of isolates (25%). The type VII secretion system was found in 42% of the isolates, and sortase A was present in all L. monocytogenes genomes. Mobile genetic elements and genomic islands did not harbor any virulence, resistance, or environmental adaptation genes that may benefit L. monocytogenes. All the STs did not carry genes that confer resistance to first-line antibiotics used for the treatment of listeriosis. The characterization of L. monocytogenes in our study highlighted the environmental resistance and virulence potential of L. monocytogenes and the risk posed to the public, as this bacterium is frequently found in food and food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanda Manqele
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Abiodun Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Thendo Mafuna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 20062028, South Africa
| | - Rian Pierneef
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- SARChI Chair: Marine Microbiomics, microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
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Rippa A, Bilei S, Peruzy MF, Marrocco MG, Leggeri P, Bossù T, Murru N. Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated in Food and Food-Processing Environments in Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:525. [PMID: 38927191 PMCID: PMC11200948 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, along with various other pathogenic bacteria, may show resistance against a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Evaluating the extent of resistance in harmful microorganisms like Listeria monocytogenes holds significant importance in crafting novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate or combat the rise of infections stemming from antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The present work aims to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Listeria monocytogenes strains in meat products (n = 173), seafood (n = 54), dairy products (n = 19), sauces (n = 2), confectionary products (n = 1), ready-to-eat rice dishes (n = 1), and food-processing environments (n = 19). A total of 269 Listeria monocytogenes strains belonging to eight different serovars were tested against 10 antimicrobials. In the classes of antibiotics, most of the strains were resistant antibiotics belonging to the family of β-lactams (92.94%). High proportions of L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to oxacillin (88.48%), followed by fosfomycin (85.87%) and flumenique (78.44%). The lowest level of resistance was observed against gentamycin (1.49%). A total of 235 strains (n = 87.36%) showed a profile of multidrug resistance. In conclusion, a high occurrence of resistant and multidrug-resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes was observed among the examined serotypes isolated from different food sources. This understanding enables the adoption of suitable measures to avert contamination and the spread of resistant bacteria via food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rippa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Stefano Bilei
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Regions Lazio and Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 001411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.G.M.); (P.L.); (T.B.)
| | - Maria Francesca Peruzy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Maria Grazia Marrocco
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Regions Lazio and Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 001411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.G.M.); (P.L.); (T.B.)
| | - Patrizia Leggeri
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Regions Lazio and Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 001411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.G.M.); (P.L.); (T.B.)
| | - Teresa Bossù
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Regions Lazio and Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 001411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.G.M.); (P.L.); (T.B.)
| | - Nicoletta Murru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (N.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Aleksic B, Udovicki B, Kovacevic J, Miloradovic Z, Djekic I, Miocinovic J, Tomic N, Smigic N. Microbiological Assessment of Dairy Products Produced by Small-Scale Dairy Producers in Serbia. Foods 2024; 13:1456. [PMID: 38790756 PMCID: PMC11119881 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiological quality of dairy products from small-scale producers in Serbia was analysed. A total of 302 dairy products [raw (n = 111) and pasteurized milk cheeses (n = 79) and kajmak (n = 112)], were collected and tested for the presence of pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp., and enumerated for Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), Escherichia coli, and yeasts and moulds. None of the samples tested positive for Salmonella spp., while L. monocytogenes was recovered from one raw milk cheese and five kajmak samples. Raw milk cheese and kajmak also had higher levels of indicator microorganisms, namely E. coli and yeast and moulds. Molecular serotyping grouped L. monocytogenes isolates into serogroups 1 (1/2a and 3a) and 3 (1/2b, 3b, and 7). When exposed to eight antibiotics, L. monocytogenes isolates were mostly sensitive, with the exception of oxacillin and reduced susceptibility to clindamycin, penicillin G, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, emphasizing the importance of continuous surveillance for antimicrobial resistance. Samples that tested positive for Listeria spp. also had higher loads of indicator microorganisms, namely E. coli and yeast and moulds, suggesting lapses in hygiene practices during production. Collectively, these data emphasize the need for improved food safety and hygiene practices among small-scale dairy producers. This is crucial to reduce the microbial contamination and improve both the quality and safety of dairy products in the Serbian market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Aleksic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.A.); (B.U.); (I.D.); (N.T.)
- Dairy Institute, Smolucska 11, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bozidar Udovicki
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.A.); (B.U.); (I.D.); (N.T.)
| | - Jovana Kovacevic
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, 1207 NW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR 97209, USA;
| | - Zorana Miloradovic
- Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Ilija Djekic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.A.); (B.U.); (I.D.); (N.T.)
| | - Jelena Miocinovic
- Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Nikola Tomic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.A.); (B.U.); (I.D.); (N.T.)
| | - Nada Smigic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.A.); (B.U.); (I.D.); (N.T.)
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Wiśniewski P, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A. Impact of High-Pressure Processing (HPP) on Listeria monocytogenes-An Overview of Challenges and Responses. Foods 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 38201041 PMCID: PMC10778341 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High-pressure processing (HPP) is currently one of the leading methods of non-thermal food preservation as an alternative to traditional methods based on thermal processing. The application of HPP involves the simultaneous action of a combination of several factors-pressure values (100-600 MPa), time of operation (a few-several minutes), and temperature of operation (room temperature or lower)-using a liquid medium responsible for pressure transfer. The combination of these three factors results in the inactivation of microorganisms, thus extending food shelf life and improving the food's microbiological safety. HPP can provide high value for the sensory and quality characteristics of products and reduce the population of pathogenic microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes to the required safety level. Nevertheless, the technology is not without impact on the cellular response of pathogens. L. monocytogenes cells surviving the HPP treatment may have multiple damages, which may impact the activation of mechanisms involved in the repair of cellular damage, increased virulence, or antibiotic resistance, as well as an increased expression of genes encoding pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. This review has demonstrated that HPP is a technology that can reduce L. monocytogenes cells to below detection levels, thus indicating the potential to provide the desired level of safety. However, problems have been noted related to the possibilities of cell recovery during storage and changes in virulence and antibiotic resistance due to the activation of gene expression mechanisms, and the lack of a sufficient number of studies explaining these changes has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Microbiology, Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland; (W.C.-W.); (A.Z.)
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Avila-Novoa MG, González-Torres B, González-Gómez JP, Guerrero-Medina PJ, Martínez-Chávez L, Martínez-Gonzáles NE, Chaidez C, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M. Genomic Insights into Listeria monocytogenes: Organic Acid Interventions for Biofilm Prevention and Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13108. [PMID: 37685913 PMCID: PMC10487766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen that has been implicated in foodborne illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of virulence factors associated with the mechanisms of pathogenicity, persistence, and formation of biofilm L. monocytogenes by tandem analysis of whole-genome sequencing. The lineages that presented L. monocytogenes (LmAV-2, LmAV-3, and LmAV-6) from Hass avocados were lineages I and II. Listeria pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1) and LIPI-2 were found in the isolates, while LIPI-3 and Listeria genomic island (LGI-2) only was in IIb. Stress survival island (SSI-1) was identified in lineage I and II. In the in silico analysis, resistance genes belonging to several groups of antibiotics were detected, but the bcrABC and transposon Tn6188 related to resistance to quaternary ammonium salts (QACs) were not detected in L. monocytogenes. Subsequently, the anti-L. monocytogenes planktonic cell effect showed for QACs (MIC = 6.25 ppm/MBC = 100 ppm), lactic acid (MBC = 1 mg/mL), citric acid (MBC = 0.5 mg/mL) and gallic acid (MBC = 2 mg/mL). The anti-biofilm effect with organic acids (22 °C) caused a reduction of 4-5 log10 cfu/cm2 after 10 min against control biofilm L. monocytogenes formed on PP than SS. This study is an important contribution to understanding the genomic diversity and epidemiology of L. monocytogenes to establish a control measure to reduce the impact on the environment and the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.A.-N.); (P.J.G.-M.)
| | - Berenice González-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (B.G.-T.); (J.P.G.-G.); (C.C.)
| | - Jean Pierre González-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (B.G.-T.); (J.P.G.-G.); (C.C.)
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.A.-N.); (P.J.G.-M.)
| | - Liliana Martínez-Chávez
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.M.-C.); (N.E.M.-G.)
| | - Nanci Edid Martínez-Gonzáles
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.M.-C.); (N.E.M.-G.)
| | - Cristóbal Chaidez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (B.G.-T.); (J.P.G.-G.); (C.C.)
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.A.-N.); (P.J.G.-M.)
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9
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Pierneef RE, Chen Y, Moerane R, Adesiyun AA. Genomic Characterization of Listeria innocua Isolates Recovered from Cattle Farms, Beef Abattoirs, and Retail Outlets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Pathogens 2023; 12:1062. [PMID: 37624022 PMCID: PMC10457781 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used for the genomic characterization of one hundred and ten strains of Listeria innocua (L. innocua) isolated from twenty-three cattle farms, eight beef abattoirs, and forty-eight retail outlets in Gauteng province, South Africa. In silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to identify the isolates' sequence types (STs). BLAST-based analyses were used to identify antimicrobial and virulence genes. The study also linked the detection of the genes to the origin (industries and types of samples) of the L. innocua isolates. The study detected 14 STs, 13 resistance genes, and 23 virulence genes. Of the 14 STs detected, ST637 (26.4%), ST448 (20%), 537 (13.6%), and 1085 (12.7%) were predominant, and the frequency varied significantly (p < 0.05). All 110 isolates of L. innocua were carriers of one or more antimicrobial resistance genes, with resistance genes lin (100%), fosX (100%), and tet(M) (30%) being the most frequently detected (p < 0.05). Of the 23 virulence genes recognized, 13 (clpC, clpE, clpP, hbp1, svpA, hbp2, iap/cwhA, lap, lpeA, lplA1, lspA, oatA, pdgA, and prsA2) were found in all 110 isolates of L. innocua. Overall, diversity and significant differences were detected in the frequencies of STs, resistance, and virulence genes according to the origins (source and sample type) of the L. innocua isolates. This, being the first genomic characterization of L. innocua recovered from the three levels/industries (farm, abattoir, and retail) of the beef production system in South Africa, provides data on the organism's distribution and potential food safety implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, Kontagora 923101, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Rian Ewald Pierneef
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Dr. Room 4E-007/Mailstop HFS-710, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Abiodun Adewale Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago
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10
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Myintzaw P, Pennone V, McAuliffe O, Begley M, Callanan M. Association of Virulence, Biofilm, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes with Specific Clonal Complex Types of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1603. [PMID: 37375105 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise classification of foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is a necessity in efficient foodborne disease surveillance, outbreak detection, and source tracking throughout the food chain. In this study, a total of 150 L. monocytogenes isolates from various food products, food processing environments, and clinical sources were investigated for variations in virulence, biofilm formation, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes based on their Whole-Genome Sequences. Clonal complex (CC) determination based on Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) revealed twenty-eight CC-types including eight isolates representing novel CC-types. The eight isolates comprising the novel CC-types share the majority of the known (cold and acid) stress tolerance genes and are all genetic lineage II, serogroup 1/2a-3a. Pan-genome-wide association analysis by Scoary using Fisher's exact test identified eleven genes specifically associated with clinical isolates. Screening for the presence of antimicrobial and virulence genes using the ABRicate tool uncovered variations in the presence of Listeria Pathogenicity Islands (LIPIs) and other known virulence genes. Specifically, the distributions of actA, ecbA, inlF, inlJ, lapB, LIPI-3, and vip genes across isolates were found to be significantly CC-dependent while the presence of ami, inlF, inlJ, and LIPI-3 was associated with clinical isolates specifically. In addition, Roary-derived phylogenetic grouping based on Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes (AMRs) revealed that the thiol transferase (FosX) gene was present in all lineage I isolates, and the presence of the lincomycin resistance ABC-F-type ribosomal protection protein (lmo0919_fam) was also genetic-lineage-dependent. More importantly, the genes found to be specific to CC-type were consistent when a validation analysis was performed with fully assembled, high-quality complete L. monocytogenes genome sequences (n = 247) extracted from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) microbial genomes database. This work highlights the usefulness of MLST-based CC typing using the Whole-Genome Sequence as a tool in classifying isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Myintzaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Pennone
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia McAuliffe
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Máire Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Callanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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11
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Rodríguez-Melcón C, Serrano-Galán V, Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C. Estimation by flow cytometry of percentages of survival of Listeria monocytogenes cells treated with tetracycline, with or without prior exposure to several biocides. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104210. [PMID: 36906325 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In certain circumstances, disinfectants are used at sublethal concentrations. The aim of this research work was to determine whether contact of Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994 with subinhibitory concentrations of three disinfectants widely used in food processing environments and in the health-care system, benzalkonium chloride (BZK), sodium hypochlorite (SHY) and peracetic acid (PAA), can cause the adaptation of the strain to the biocides and increase its resistance to tetracycline (TE). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC; ppm) were 2.0 (BZK), 3500.0 (SHY) and 1050.0 (PAA). On exposure to increasing subinhibitory concentrations of the biocides, the maximum concentrations (ppm) of the compounds that allowed the strain to grow were (ppm) 8.5 (BZK), 3935.5 (SHY) and 1125.0 (PAA). Both the control cells (non-exposed) and the cells that had been in contact with low doses of biocides were treated with different concentrations of TE (0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1250 ppm) for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the survival percentages determined using flow cytometry, following dying with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide. The cells previously exposed to PAA presented higher survival percentages (P < 0.05) than the rest of the cells for most of the concentrations of TE and treatment times trialled. These results are worrying because TE is sometimes used to treat listeriosis, highlighting the importance of avoiding the use of disinfectant at subinhibitory doses. Furthermore, the findings suggest that flow cytometry is a fast and simple technique to obtain quantitative data on bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, España; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTAL), Universidad de León, Calle La Serna 58, 24071, León, España
| | - Víctor Serrano-Galán
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, España; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTAL), Universidad de León, Calle La Serna 58, 24071, León, España
| | - Rosa Capita
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, España; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTAL), Universidad de León, Calle La Serna 58, 24071, León, España
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, España; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTAL), Universidad de León, Calle La Serna 58, 24071, León, España.
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12
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Ramadan H, Al-Ashmawy M, Soliman AM, Elbediwi M, Sabeq I, Yousef M, Algammal AM, Hiott LM, Berrang ME, Frye JG, Jackson CR. Whole-genome sequencing of Listeria innocua recovered from retail milk and dairy products in Egypt. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160244. [PMID: 37234542 PMCID: PMC10206011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The similarity of the Listeria innocua genome with Listeria monocytogenes and their presence in the same niche may facilitate gene transfer between them. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for bacterial virulence requires an in-depth knowledge of the genetic characteristics of these bacteria. In this context, draft whole genome sequences were completed on five L. innocua isolated from milk and dairy products in Egypt. The assembled sequences were screened for antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, plasmid replicons and multilocus sequence types (MLST); phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced isolates was also performed. The sequencing results revealed the presence of only one antimicrobial resistance gene, fosX, in the L. innocua isolates. However, the five isolates carried 13 virulence genes involved in adhesion, invasion, surface protein anchoring, peptidoglycan degradation, intracellular survival, and heat stress; all five lacked the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1) genes. MLST assigned these five isolates into the same sequence type (ST), ST-1085; however, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis revealed 422-1,091 SNP differences between our isolates and global lineages of L. innocua. The five isolates possessed an ATP-dependent protease (clpL) gene, which mediates heat resistance, on a rep25 type plasmids. Blast analysis of clpL-carrying plasmid contigs showed approximately 99% sequence similarity to the corresponding parts of plasmids of L. monocytogenes strains 2015TE24968 and N1-011A previously isolated from Italy and the United States, respectively. Although this plasmid has been linked to L. monocytogenes that was responsible for a serious outbreak, this is the first report of L. innocua containing clpL-carrying plasmids. Various genetic mechanisms of virulence transfer among Listeria species and other genera could raise the possibility of the evolution of virulent strains of L. innocua. Such strains could challenge processing and preservation protocols and pose health risks from dairy products. Ongoing genomic research is necessary to identify these alarming genetic changes and develop preventive and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maha Al-Ashmawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Soliman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam Sabeq
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Tukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Mona Yousef
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem M. Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lari M. Hiott
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Mark E. Berrang
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
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13
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Kim J, Kim JW, Kim HY. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in clinical ruminant cases in Korea. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109694. [PMID: 36871522 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne human and veterinary pathogen, is associated with high mortality rates in ruminants. However, no studies have investigated the antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical ruminant cases. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical cases of Korean ruminants. We collected 24 L. monocytogenes isolates from aborted bovine fetuses and goats presenting with listeriosis-related symptoms. The isolates were subjected to PCR serogrouping, conventional serotyping, virulence gene detection, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were used to classify and compare genetic diversity among the isolates, including human L. monocytogenes isolates. The most prevalent L. monocytogenes serotypes were 4b (Ⅳb), 1/2a (Ⅱa; Ⅱc), and 1/2b (Ⅱb). All isolates harbored the virulence genes; however, llsX-encoding listeriolysin were identified only in serotypes 4b and 1/2b. All isolates, including two found in humans, formed three genetically diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters according to serotype, lineage, and sequence type. The most prevalent sequence type was ST1, followed by ST365 and ST91. The isolates from ruminants with listeriosis were resistant to oxacillin and ceftriaxone and showed diverse lineage, serotype (serogroup), and sequence type characteristics. Considering that the atypical sequence types exhibited clinical manifestations and histopathological lesions, further study is needed to elucidate the pathogenicity of genetically diverse ruminant L. monocytogenes isolates. Furthermore, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance is required to prevent the emergence of L. monocytogenes strains resistant to common antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zakrzewski AJ, Kurpas M, Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Fraqueza MJ. A Comprehensive Virulence and Resistance Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fish and the Fish Industry Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043581. [PMID: 36834997 PMCID: PMC9967382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen, often associated with fish, that can adapt and survive in products and food processing plants, where it can persist for many years. It is a species characterized by diverse genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, in this study, a total of 17 L. monocytogenes strains from fish and fish-processing environments in Poland were characterized for their relatedness, virulence profiles, and resistance genes. The Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) analysis revealed that the most frequent serogroups were IIa and IIb; sequence types (ST) were ST6 and ST121; and clonal complexes (CC) were CC6 and CC121. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis was applied to compare the present isolates with the publicly available genomes of L. monocytogenes strains recovered in Europe from humans with listeriosis. Despite differential genotypic subtypes, most strains had similar antimicrobial resistance profiles; however, some of genes were located on mobile genetic elements that could be transferred to commensal or pathogenic bacteria. The results of this study showed that molecular clones of tested strains were characteristic for L. monocytogenes isolated from similar sources. Nevertheless, it is worth emphasizing that they could present a major public health risk due to their close relation with strains isolated from human listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Kurpas
- Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Zadernowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazrui, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Maria João Fraqueza
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Song Z, Ji S, Wang Y, Luo L, Wang Y, Mao P, Li L, Jiang H, Ye C. The population structure and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 strains based on genomic analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982220. [PMID: 36425025 PMCID: PMC9680904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen causing both invasive and non-invasive listeriosis. Sequence type (ST) 9 strains is common in food and food processing environments. In this study, the whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 207 ST9 isolates from different sources, geographical locations (14 countries), and isolated years were analyzed. The ST9 isolates were divided into three clusters after phylogenetic analysis; 67.63% of ST9 isolates contained putative plasmids with different sizes and genomic structure, the putative prophages inserted in the chromosome at ten hotspots, and seven types of premature stop codon (PMSC) mutations in inlA were found in 81.86% of the ST9 isolates. In addition, 78.26% of ST9 isolates harbored Tn554-like elements carrying arsenic resistance genes. All the ST9 isolates conservatively contained environment-resistance genes on the chromosome. This analysis of population structures and features of ST9 isolates was aimed to help develop effective strategies to control this prevalent pathogen in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shunshi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Xindu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Shen J, Zhang G, Yang J, Zhao L, Jiang Y, Guo D, Wang X, Zhi S, Xu X, Dong Q, Wang X. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and molecular epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from imported foods in China during 2018 to 2020. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 382:109916. [PMID: 36126498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1797 imported food samples collected during 2018 to 2020 were investigated for Listeria monocytogenes. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and whole genome sequencing analysis were performed for the obtained isolates. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 5.62 %; the highest prevalence was observed for pork (13.65 %), followed by fish (6.25 %), sheep casing (6.06 %), chicken (3.61 %), and beef (2.06 %). Geographical differences in prevalence were also observed for pork. Resistance to oxacillin (39.33 %) and clindamycin (16.85 %) was common, whereas resistance rates for other antibiotics were relatively low, ranging from 0 % to 6.74 %. Pork and fish isolates showed resistance to more antibiotics than beef isolates. Tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance phenotypes strongly correlated with genotypes. The predominant serogroup was 1/2a, 3a, at 44.44 %, while the percentages of three other serogroups were similar and relatively lower, from 17.28 % to 19.75 %. Significant genetic differences were observed among lineage I and II isolates. LIPI-3 was carried by 19.75 % (16/81) of isolates and LIPI-4 by 6.17 % (5/81); all were lineage I. The stress survival island was present in 31.03 % (9/29) of lineage I and 83.02 % (44/53) of lineage II. Benzalkonium chloride tolerance genes were carried by 10.34 % (3/29) of lineage I and 23.08 % (12/52) of lineage II isolates. A total of 25 sequence types (STs) were identified, among which one was novel; ST9 and ST121 were the most prevalent. Disparate distribution of STs among food types was observed, and geographical and food related characteristics were also found for some STs. Hypervirulent STs, such as ST1, ST4 and ST6, belonged to 4b,4e,4e; carried LIPI-3 and/or LIPI-4; and some even were ECI or ECII; while only one carried SSI or BC tolerance genes. In contrast, hypo-virulent STs such as ST9 and ST121 carried SSI and BC tolerance genes, while none had LIPI-3/LIPI-4. Certain STs were detected frequently from a particular food of a particular country for a long time, indicating more attention should be given to these special persistent isolates. These findings are valuable for source tracking, prevention and control of L. monocytogenes in the global food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Shen
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Jielin Yang
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Dehua Guo
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuai Zhi
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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17
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Cai Y, Zou G, Xi M, Hou Y, Shen H, Ao J, Li M, Wang J, Luo A. Juglone Inhibits Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 by Targeting Cell Membrane and Protein. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172558. [PMID: 36076744 PMCID: PMC9455723 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes is a major global food safety problem. A potential solution is the antimicrobial development of the highly bioactive natural product juglone, yet few studies exist on its antibacterial mechanism against L. monocytogenes. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism of action of juglone against L. monocytogenes by determining the resultant cell morphology, membrane permeability, membrane integrity, and proteome changes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of juglone against L. monocytogenes was 50 μg/mL, and L. monocytogenes treated with juglone had longer lag phases compared to controls. Juglone induced L. monocytogenes cell dysfunction, leakage of potassium ions, and membrane potential hyperpolarization. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and field-emission-gun scanning electron microscope assays revealed clear membrane damage due to juglone treatment. Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that L. monocytogenes responded to juglone by some conformational and compositional changes in the molecular makeup of the cell membrane. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that juglone either destroyed proteins or inhibited proteins synthesis in L. monocytogenes. Therefore, our findings established juglone as a natural antibacterial agent with potential to control foodborne L. monocytogenes infections.
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18
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Azinheiro S, Roumani F, Costa-Ribeiro A, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Application of MinION sequencing as a tool for the rapid detection and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in smoked salmon. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:931810. [PMID: 36033887 PMCID: PMC9399719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens may be present in different types of foods, and hence the development of novel methods to assure consumers' safeness is of great interest. Molecular methods are known to provide sensitive and rapid results; however, they are typically targeted approaches. In recent years, the advent of non-targeted approaches based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a rational way to proceed. This technology allows for the detection of several pathogens simultaneously. Furthermore, with the same set of data, it is possible to characterize the microorganisms in terms of serotype, virulence, and/ or resistance genes, among other molecular features. In the current study, a novel method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes based on the "quasimetagenomics" approach was developed. Different enrichment media and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) strategies were compared to determine the best approach in terms of L. monocytogenes sequences generated from smoked salmon samples. Finally, the data generated were analyzed with a user-friendly workflow that simultaneously provided the species identification, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The new method was thoroughly evaluated against a culture-based approach, using smoked salmon inoculated with L. monocytogenes as the matrix of choice. The sequencing method reached a very low limit of detection (LOD50, 1.2 CFU/ 25 g) along with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (100%), and a perfect correlation with the culture-based method (Cohen's k = 1.00). Overall, the proposed method overcomes all the major limitations reported for the implementation of NGS as a routine food testing technology and paves the way for future developments taking its advantage into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Azinheiro
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Foteini Roumani
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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19
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Douarre PE, Sévellec Y, Le Grandois P, Soumet C, Bridier A, Roussel S. FepR as a Central Genetic Target in the Adaptation to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Cross-Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:864576. [PMID: 35663878 PMCID: PMC9158494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, (Lm), frequently undergoes selection pressure associated with the extensive use of disinfectants, such as quaternary ammonium compounds, which are widely used in food processing plants. The repeated exposure to sub-inhibitory biocide concentrations can induce increased tolerance to these compounds, but can also trigger the development of antibiotic resistance, and both increase the risk of food contamination and persistence in food production environments. Although the acquisition of genes can explain biocide tolerance, the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptive cross-resistance to antibiotics remain unclear. We previously showed that repeated exposure to benzalkonium chloride (BC) and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) led to reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Lm strains from diverse sources. Here, we compared the genomes of 16 biocide-adapted and 10 parental strains to identify the molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone cross-resistance. A core genome SNP analysis identified various mutations in the transcriptional regulator fepR (lmo2088) for 94% of the adapted strains and mutations in other effectors at a lower frequency. FepR is a local repressor of the MATE fluoroquinolone efflux pump FepA. The impact of the mutations on the structure and function of the protein was assessed by performing in silico prediction and protein homology modeling. Our results show that 75% of the missense mutations observed in fepR are located in the HTH domain of the protein, within the DNA interaction site. These mutations are predicted to reduce the activity of the regulator, leading to the overexpression of the efflux pump responsible for the ciprofloxacin-enhanced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yann Sévellec
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Patricia Le Grandois
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Christophe Soumet
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Arnaud Bridier
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
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20
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Gengnagel N, Evangelista AG. Contamination by Listeria monocytogenes in Latin American Meat Products and Its Consequences. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220415094107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective:
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important bacteria in food technology, causing listeriosis, a disease with high mortality rates, important especially in developing countries. Thus, the objective of this review was to gather recent work on the presence of L. monocytogenes in meat and meat products in Latin America, in addition to pointing out control methods and resistance genes that can be disseminated.
Methods:
Original research articles in Portuguese, Spanish and English published since 2017 were selected, reporting the presence of L. monocytogenes in meat and meat products in Latin American countries. Articles were also reviewed on innovative methods for controlling the bacteria in food, such as intelligent packaging and the use of essential oils, and on resistance genes found in L. monocytogenes, pointing out the possible implications of this occurrence.
Results and conclusion:
Some negligence was observed in determining the prevalence of this bacterium in several countries in Latin America. Although studies on L. monocytogenes have been found in milk and dairy products, demonstrating the existence of the necessary structure and knowledge for research development, studies on meat and meat products have not been found in most countries. In control methods developed against L. monocytogenes, the versatility of the approaches used stands out, enabling their use in different types of meat products, according to their technological characteristics. Several resistance genes have been determined to be carried and possibly disseminated by L. monocytogenes, which adds more importance in the establishment of methods for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natana Gengnagel
- Specialization Program in Quality, Hygiene and Technology Management of Animal Products, IFOPE Educacional, R. Gonçalves Dias, 55 - Funcionários, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
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21
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Parra-Flores J, Holý O, Bustamante F, Lepuschitz S, Pietzka A, Contreras-Fernández A, Castillo C, Ovalle C, Alarcón-Lavín MP, Cruz-Córdova A, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Mancilla-Rojano J, Troncoso M, Figueroa G, Ruppitsch W. Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated From Ready-to-Eat Foods in Chile. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:796040. [PMID: 35299835 PMCID: PMC8921925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.796040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is causing listeriosis, a rare but severe foodborne infection. Listeriosis affects pregnant women, newborns, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are the most common sources of transmission of the pathogen This study explored the virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in L. monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods through in vitro and in silico testing by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The overall positivity of L. monocytogenes in RTE food samples was 3.1% and 14 strains were isolated. L. monocytogenes ST8, ST2763, ST1, ST3, ST5, ST7, ST9, ST14, ST193, and ST451 sequence types were identified by average nucleotide identity, ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rMLST), and core genome MLST. Seven isolates had serotype 1/2a, five 1/2b, one 4b, and one 1/2c. Three strains exhibited in vitro resistance to ampicillin and 100% of the strains carried the fosX, lin, norB, mprF, tetA, and tetC resistance genes. In addition, the arsBC, bcrBC, and clpL genes were detected, which conferred resistance to stress and disinfectants. All strains harbored hlyA, prfA, and inlA genes almost thirty-two the showed the bsh, clpCEP, hly, hpt, iap/cwhA, inlA, inlB, ipeA, lspA, mpl, plcA, pclB, oat, pdgA, and prfA genes. One isolate exhibited a type 11 premature stop codon (PMSC) in the inlA gene and another isolate a new mutation (deletion of A in position 819). The Inc18(rep25), Inc18(rep26), and N1011A plasmids and MGEs were found in nine isolates. Ten isolates showed CAS-Type II-B systems; in addition, Anti-CRISPR AcrIIA1 and AcrIIA3 phage-associated systems were detected in three genomes. These virulence and antibiotic resistance traits in the strains isolated in the RTE foods indicate a potential public health risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Parra-Flores
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ondrej Holý
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Fernanda Bustamante
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Regional Secretariat of the Ministry of Health in Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Sarah Lepuschitz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ariane Pietzka
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Castillo
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Catalina Ovalle
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Intestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Intestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano
- Intestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Troncoso
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Figueroa
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Bland R, Brown SRB, Waite-Cusic J, Kovacevic J. Probing antimicrobial resistance and sanitizer tolerance themes and their implications for the food industry through the Listeria monocytogenes lens. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1777-1802. [PMID: 35212132 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance is a serious public health crisis, reducing our ability to effectively combat infectious bacterial diseases. The parallel study of reduced susceptibility to sanitizers is growing, particularly for environmental foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes. As regulations demand a seek-and-destroy approach for L. monocytogenes, understanding sanitizer efficacy and its uses are critical for the food industry. Studies have reported the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in sanitizer concentrations 10-1000 times lower than the manufacturer-recommended concentration (MRC). Notably, data show that at MRC and when applied according to the label instructions, sanitizers remain largely effective. Studies also report that variables such as the presence of organic material, application time/temperature, and bacterial attachment to surfaces can impact sanitizer effectiveness. Due to the lack of standardization in the methodology and definitions of sanitizer resistance, tolerance, and susceptibility, different messages are conveyed in different studies. In this review, we examine the diversity of definitions, terminology, and methodologies used in studies examining L. monocytogenes resistance and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Research available to date fails to demonstrate "resistance" of L. monocytogenes to recommended sanitizer treatments as prescribed by the label. As such, sanitizer tolerance would be a more accurate description of L. monocytogenes response to low sanitizer concentrations (i.e., sub-MRC). Conservative use of word "resistance" will reduce confusion and allow for concise messaging as sanitizer research findings are communicated to industry and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bland
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephanie R B Brown
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Joy Waite-Cusic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jovana Kovacevic
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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23
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He R, Chen W, Chen H, Zhong Q, Zhang H, Zhang M, Chen W. Antibacterial mechanism of linalool against L. monocytogenes, a metabolomic study. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Bland R, Waite-Cusic J, Weisberg AJ, Riutta ER, Chang JH, Kovacevic J. Adaptation to a Commercial Quaternary Ammonium Compound Sanitizer Leads to Cross-Resistance to Select Antibiotics in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated From Fresh Produce Environments. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:782920. [PMID: 35082767 PMCID: PMC8784610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective elimination of Listeria monocytogenes through cleaning and sanitation is of great importance to the food processing industry. Specifically in fresh produce operations, the lack of a kill step requires effective cleaning and sanitation to mitigate the risk of cross-contamination from the environment. As facilities rely on sanitizers to control L. monocytogenes, reports of the development of tolerance to sanitizers and other antimicrobials through cross-resistance is of particular concern. We investigated the potential for six L. monocytogenes isolates from fresh produce handling and processing facilities and packinghouses to develop cross-resistance between a commercial sanitizer and antibiotics. Experimental adaptation of isolates belonging to hypervirulent clonal complexes (CC2, CC4, and CC6) to a commercial quaternary ammonium compound sanitizer (cQAC) resulted in elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (2–3 ppm) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (3–4 ppm). Susceptibility to cQAC was restored for all adapted (qAD) isolates in the presence of reserpine, a known efflux pump inhibitor. Reduced sensitivity to 7/17 tested antibiotics (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, kanamycin, novobiocin, penicillin, and streptomycin) was observed in all tested isolates. qAD isolates remained susceptible to antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of listeriosis (i.e., ampicillin and gentamicin). The whole genome sequencing of qAD strains, followed by comparative genomic analysis, revealed several mutations in fepR, the regulator for FepA fluoroquinolone efflux pump. The results suggest that mutations in fepR play a role in the reduction in antibiotic susceptibility following low level adaptation to cQAC. Further investigation into the cross-resistance mechanisms and pressures leading to the development of this phenomenon among L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from different sources is needed to better understand the likelihood of cross-resistance development in food chain isolates and the implications for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bland
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Joy Waite-Cusic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Alexandra J Weisberg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Riutta
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jeff H Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jovana Kovacevic
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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25
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Maćkiw E, Korsak D, Kowalska J, Felix B, Stasiak M, Kucharek K, Antoszewska A, Postupolski J. Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat food products in retail in Poland. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 358:109397. [PMID: 34536853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study describes the characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from the general 2017-2019 national official control and monitoring sampling program. A total of 60,928 of ready-to-eat (RTE) food products were collected in retail in Poland, while the number of L. monocytogenes contaminated samples was 67 (0.1%). The majority of the strains belonged to molecular serotype IVb followed by IIa, frequently associated with human listeriosis. Furthermore, 61.2% of the isolates were resistant at least to one of the tested antimicrobials: penicillin, ampicillin, meropenem, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline and rifampicin. Virulence genes inlA, inlC, inlJ and lmo2672 were detected in all of the isolates. In our study the llsX gene (encoding LLS) exhibited 11.6% positivity. The 32 strains were grouped into 12 clonal complexes (CCs) which belong to the major clones that are in circulation in Europe. Among them, seven strains with the cgMLST close relatedness (CC2) were isolated from diverse food sectors, underlining a large circulation of this clone in Poland, most likely from multiple introduction sources. Additionally, two RTE strains CC6 and one CC37 were identified as closely related by cgMLST to two publicly available genomes of clinical strains isolated in Poland in 2012-2013. These results indicate the large strain circulation and point to RTE food products as a potential source of human listeriosis. The present study provided data to capture the contamination status of L. monocytogenes in foods at the retail level in Poland and assess the potential risk of this pathogen for human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Maćkiw
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Korsak
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Benjamin Felix
- European Union Reference Laboratory for L. monocytogenes, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University of Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Monika Stasiak
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharek
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Antoszewska
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Postupolski
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Guidi F, Chiaverini A, Repetto A, Lorenzetti C, Centorotola G, Bazzucchi V, Palombo B, Gattuso A, Pomilio F, Blasi G. Hyper-Virulent Listeria monocytogenes Strains Associated With Respiratory Infections in Central Italy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:765540. [PMID: 34746033 PMCID: PMC8564288 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.765540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis. Invasive forms of the disease mainly manifest as septicaemia, meningitis and maternal-neonatal infections. Lm-associated respiratory infections are very rare and little known. We reported two Lm respiratory infection cases occurred in Central Italy during the summer of 2020, in the midst of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. In addition to collect the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients, we used Whole Genome Sequencing to study the genomes of the Lm isolates investigating their virulence and antimicrobial profiles and the presence of genetic mobile elements. Both the strains belonged to hypervirulent MLST clonal complexes (CC). In addition to the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1), the CC1 strain also carried LIPI-3 and the CC4 both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4. Genetic determinants for antimicrobial and disinfectants resistance were found. The CC1 genome presented prophage sequences but they did not interrupt the comK gene, involved in the phagosomal escape of Lm. None of the strains carried plasmids. Lm is an important, although rare, opportunistic pathogen for respiratory tract and lung infections. To avoid dangerous diagnostic delays of these severe clinical forms, it is important to sensitize hospital laboratories to this rare manifestation of listeriosis considering Lm in the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Guidi
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexandra Chiaverini
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonella Repetto
- Struttura complessa di Microbiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lorenzetti
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Centorotola
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazzucchi
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Palombo
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Blasi
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
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27
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Listeria monocytogenes: health risk and a challenge for food processing establishments. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5907-5919. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Mafuna T, Matle I, Magwedere K, Pierneef RE, Reva ON. Whole Genome-Based Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Recovered From the Food Chain in South Africa. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:669287. [PMID: 34276601 PMCID: PMC8283694 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.669287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen which has the ability to adapt and survive in food and food processing facilities where it can persist for years. In this study, a total of 143 L. monocytogenes isolates in South Africa (SA) were characterized for their strain’s genetic relatedness, virulence profiles, stress tolerance and resistance genes associated with L. monocytogenes. The Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) analysis revealed that the most frequent serogroups were IVb and IIa; Sequence Types (ST) were ST204, ST2, and ST1; and Clonal Complexes (CC) were CC204, CC1, and CC2. Examination of genes involved in adaptation and survival of L. monocytogenes in SA showed that ST1, ST2, ST121, ST204, and ST321 are well adapted in food processing environments due to the significant over-representation of Benzalkonium chloride (BC) resistance genes (bcrABC cassette, ermC, mdrL and Ide), stress tolerance genes (SSI-1 and SSI-2), Prophage (φ) profiles (LP_101, vB LmoS 188, vB_LmoS_293, and B054 phage), plasmids profiles (N1-011A, J1776, and pLM5578) and biofilm formation associated genes. Furthermore, the L. monocytogenes strains that showed hyper-virulent potential were ST1, ST2 and ST204, and hypo-virulent were ST121 and ST321 because of the presence and absence of major virulence factors such as LIPI-1, LIPI-3, LIPI-4 and the internalin gene family members including inlABCEFJ. The information provided in this study revealed that hyper-virulent strains ST1, ST2, and ST204 could present a major public health risk due to their association with meat products and food processing environments in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thendo Mafuna
- Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council: Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Magwedere
- Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X138, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rian E Pierneef
- Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Oleg N Reva
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Zhang ZY, Zhang XA, Chen Q, Wang JY, Li Y, Wei ZY, Wang ZC. Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in a centenarian and pathogen traceability: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4873-4880. [PMID: 34222461 PMCID: PMC8223858 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are important to survival of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) bacteremia. Penicillin tends to be the most commonly used antibiotic. However, there are limited data on antibiotic use in elderly patients with serious complications. We describe the clinical presentation, antibiotic therapy, and traceability of L. monocytogenes in a centenarian with a history of eating frozen food.
CASE SUMMARY A 102-year-old man suffered from high fever with chill after hematochezia. Tentative diagnoses were lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage and localized peritonitis. Meropenem and ornidazole were the empirical therapy. The patient did not respond and developed multiple system dysfunction even after teicoplanin was added to the therapy. L. monocytogenes was identified from blood cultures on day 5 of admission. The patient had a history of consuming frozen dumplings. Meropenem/ornidazole/teicoplanin were replaced with meropenem/linezolid. The patient gradually became afebrile. He received meropenem/linezolid for 10 d, and piperacillin/tazobactam was applied as step-down treatment for 2 wk with good clinical results. There was no sign of relapse during follow-up after discharge. L. monocytogenes isolates from the patient and frozen dumplings belonged to different serotypes and sequence types (STs): 1/2b and ST5 from the patient and 1/2c and ST9 from the dumplings.
CONCLUSION More awareness of listeriosis should be raised. Linezolid might be an option for listeriosis in elderly people with serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ying Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing 100053, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing 100053, China
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhan-Yun Wei
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zi-Chen Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes food-associated isolates to assess environmental fitness and virulence potential. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 350:109247. [PMID: 34023680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Listeria monocytogenes isolates to survive within the food production environment (FPE), as well as virulence, varies greatly between strains. There are specific genetic determinants that have been identified which can strongly influence a strains ability to survive in the FPE and/or within human hosts. In this study, we assessed the FPE fitness and virulence potential, including efficacy of selected hygiene or treatment intervention, against 52 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from various food and food environment sources. Phenotypic tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of cadmium chloride and benzalkonium chloride and the sensitivities to five clinically relevant antibiotics. A genomic analysis was also performed to identify resistance genes correlating to the observed phenotypic resistance profiles, along with genetic determinants of interest which may elude to the FPE fitness and virulence potential. A transposon element containing a novel cadmium resistance gene, cadA7, a Tn916 variant insert in the hypervariable Listeria genomic island 1 region and an LGI2 variant were identified. Resistance to cadmium and disinfectants was prevalent among isolates in this study, although no resistance to clinically important antimicrobials was observed. Potential hypervirulent strains containing full length inlA, LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 were also identified in this study. Cumulatively, the results of this study show a vast array of FPE survival and pathogenicity potential among food production-associated isolates, which may be of concern for food processing operators and clinicians regarding L. monocytogenes strains colonising and persisting within the FPE, and subsequently contaminating food products then causing disease in at risk population groups.
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31
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Arslan S, Özdemir F. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from retail ready-to-eat foods. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5700711. [PMID: 31926017 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of foods can be contaminated with Listeria species, especially L. monocytogenes. Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are predominantly associated with human listeriosis caused by L. monocytogenes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the presence of Listeria species in RTE foods and to characterize L. monocytogenes isolates by means of detection of virulence markers, serotypes and genetic relatedness. Of the 300 RTE food samples, 59 (19.7%) were positive for Listeria species: L. innocua (13.3%), L. monocytogenes (5%), L. welshimerii (2.3%), L. grayi subsp. murrayi (1.3%), L. grayi (1%), L. ivanovii (1%) and L. ivanovi subsp. londoniensis (0.3%). All L. monocytogenes isolates identified were positive for the actA, iap, inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, plcA and prfA virulence genes and biofilm. The isolates were serotyped as 1/2c (33.3%), 4b (26.7%), 1/2a (26.7%), 1/2b (6.7%) and 3c (6.7%) by the multiplex-PCR and agglutination methods. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism with AluI and MluCI resulted in three and two profiles, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis differentiated the L. monocytogenes isolates into 15 ApaI and 12 AscI patterns. Antimicrobial resistance of all Listeria isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. Most L. monocytogenes isolates were sensitive to antimicrobials used in the treatment of listeriosis. This study shows the presence of potential pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant L. monocytogenes in RTE foods that may lead to consumer health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seza Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Gölköy, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Fatma Özdemir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Gölköy, Bolu, Turkey
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Chmielowska C, Korsak D, Szuplewska M, Grzelecka M, Maćkiw E, Stasiak M, Macion A, Skowron K, Bartosik D. Benzalkonium chloride and heavy metal resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fish, fish products and food-producing factories in Poland. Food Microbiol 2021; 98:103756. [PMID: 33875198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to benzalkonium chloride (BC), cadmium and arsenic was tested (by susceptibility assays and molecular methods) in 287 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fish and fish products, and food-producing factories in Poland. Overall, 40% of the isolates were resistant to BC, 56% to cadmium and 41% to arsenic (57% displayed resistance to more than one of the tested compounds). Among BC-resistant isolates, the most commonly detected resistance determinant was the qacH gene (83%). Three distinct types of cadA gene determining resistance to cadmium were detected, with the cadA1 variant predominant (88%), while most arsenic-resistant isolates (86%) harbored the arsA gene associated with a Tn554-like transposon (one strain harbored two copies of arsA in different arsenic resistance cassettes). 53% of all tested isolates contained plasmids (from 4 kb to > 90 kb in size), which were classified into 11 groups (p1-p11) based on their restriction patterns. Interestingly, 12 isolates harbored the small mobilizable pLMST6-like plasmid pLIS3 encoding multidrug efflux pump EmrC. Clustering analysis of PFGE patterns revealed that these isolates represent several diverse bacterial populations, which strongly suggests mobility of the pLMST6-like plasmids among L. monocytogenes strains and their role in dissemination of BC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Chmielowska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Korsak
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szuplewska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grzelecka
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Maćkiw
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Food Safety, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Stasiak
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Food Safety, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Macion
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier, Department of Microbiology, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bartosik
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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Evangelista AG, Corrêa JAF, Pinto ACSM, Luciano FB. The impact of essential oils on antibiotic use in animal production regarding antimicrobial resistance - a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5267-5283. [PMID: 33554635 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1883548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Population growth directly affects the global food supply, demanding a higher production efficiency without farmland expansion - in view of limited land resources and biodiversity loss worldwide. In such scenario, intensive agriculture practices have been widely used. A commonly applied method to maximize yield in animal production is the use of subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics as growth promoters. Because of the strong antibiotic selection pressure generated, the intense use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has been associated to the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Also, cross-resistance can occur, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and limiting treatment options in both human and animal health. Thereon, alternatives have been studied to replace AGP in animal production. Among such alternatives, essential oils and essential oil components (EOC) stand out positively from others due to, besides antimicrobial effectiveness, improving zootechnical indexes and modulating genes involved in resistance mechanisms. This review summarizes recent studies in essential oils and EOC for zoonotic bacteria control, providing detailed information about the molecular-level effects of their use in regard to AMR, and identifying important gaps to be filled within the animal production area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Audrey Feijó Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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34
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Lüth S, Halbedel S, Rosner B, Wilking H, Holzer A, Roedel A, Dieckmann R, Vincze S, Prager R, Flieger A, Al Dahouk S, Kleta S. Backtracking and forward checking of human listeriosis clusters identified a multiclonal outbreak linked to Listeria monocytogenes in meat products of a single producer. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:1600-1608. [PMID: 32657219 PMCID: PMC7473094 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1784044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to its high case fatality rate, foodborne listeriosis is considered a major public health concern worldwide. We describe one of the largest listeriosis outbreaks in Germany with 83 cases of invasive listeriosis between 2013 and 2018. As part of the outbreak investigation, we identified a highly diverse Listeria monocytogenes population at a single producer of ready-to-eat meat products. Strikingly, the extensive sampling after identification of a first match between a cluster of clinical isolates and a food isolate allowed for a linkage between this producer and a second, previously unmatched cluster of clinical isolates. Bacterial persistence in the processing plant and indications of cross-contamination events explained long-term contamination of food that led to the protracted outbreak. Based on screening for virulence factors, a pathogenic phenotype could not be ruled out for other strains circulating in the plant, suggesting that the outbreak could have been even larger. As most isolates were sensitive to common biocides used in the plant, hard to clean niches in the production line may have played a major role in the consolidation of the contamination. Our study demonstrates how important it is to search for the origin of infection when cases of illness have occurred (backtracking), but also clearly highlights that it is equally important to check whether a contamination at food or production level has caused disease (forward checking). Only through this two-sided control strategy, foodborne disease outbreaks such as listeriosis can be minimized, which could be a real improvement for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lüth
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Halbedel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Bettina Rosner
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Wilking
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Holzer
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Roedel
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Dieckmann
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Szilvia Vincze
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Prager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Antje Flieger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sascha Al Dahouk
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kleta
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Duze ST, Marimani M, Patel M. Tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to biocides used in food processing environments. Food Microbiol 2021; 97:103758. [PMID: 33653529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes a life-threatening disease in humans known as listeriosis. Contamination of food during processing is the main route of transmission of Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore, biocides play a crucial role in food processing environments as they act as the first line of defense in the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes. Residues of biocides may be present at sublethal concentrations after disinfection. This, unfortunately, subjects L. monocytogenes to selection pressure, giving rise to tolerant strains, which pose a threat to food safety and public health. This review will give a brief description of L. monocytogenes, the clinical manifestation, treatment of listeriosis as well as recently recorded outbreaks. The article will then discuss the current literature on the ability of L. monocytogenes strains to tolerate biocides especially quaternary ammonium compounds as well as the mechanisms of tolerance towards biocides including the activation of efflux pump systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanelisiwe Thinasonke Duze
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Musa Marimani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Mrudula Patel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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36
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Mpondo L, Ebomah KE, Okoh AI. Multidrug-Resistant Listeria Species Shows Abundance in Environmental Waters of a Key District Municipality in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E481. [PMID: 33435627 PMCID: PMC7826511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of bacteria with multidrug-resistance (MDR) is a significant threat to public health globally. Listeria spp. are naturally ubiquitous, with L. monocytogenes particularly being ranked as important foodborne disease-causing microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and determine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of multidrug-resistant Listeria spp. (MDRL) isolated from different environmental samples (river and irrigation water) in the Sarah Baartman District Municipality (SBDM), Eastern Cape Province (ECP), South Africa. Molecular identification and characterization were carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and isolates that exhibited phenotypic resistance were further screened for relevant antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs). Findings revealed a total of 124 presumptive Listeria isolates; 69 were molecularly confirmed Listeria species. Out of the confirmed species, 41 isolates (59%) were classified as L. monocytogenes while 9 (13%) were classified as L. welshimeri. All Listeria spp. exhibited phenotypic resistance against ampicillin, penicillin, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and further screening revealed ARGs in the following proportions: sulI (71%), blaTEM (66%), tetA (63%), and blaCIT (33%). Results confirmed the occurrence of ARGs among Listeria inhabiting surface waters of ECP. The present study indicates that the river water samples collected from SBDM are highly contaminated with MDRL, hence, constituting a potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyabona Mpondo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (K.E.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Kingsley Ehi Ebomah
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (K.E.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (K.E.E.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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37
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Mota MI, Vázquez S, Cornejo C, D'Alessandro B, Braga V, Caetano A, Betancor L, Varela G. Does Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes Contribute Significantly to the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance in Uruguay? Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:583930. [PMID: 33240959 PMCID: PMC7677299 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.583930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Listeria monocytogenes are worldwide recognized zoonotic pathogens. Recent reports have emerged about the circulation of antimicrobial-resistant STEC and L. monocytogenes isolates. To assess the frequency of antimicrobial resistance and related genes in these pathogens, we studied 45 STEC and 50 L. monocytogenes isolates locally recovered from different sources. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk-diffusion method, and the genomic sequences of three selected STEC and from all 50 L. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed for antibiotic resistance genes. Four STEC and three L. monocytogenes isolates were phenotypically resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Resistance genes aph(3″)-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, bla T EM-1B, sul2, mef (A), and tet(A) were found in a human STEC ampicillin-resistant isolate. All L. monocytogenes isolates harbored fosX, lin, mdrL, lde fepA, and norB. Overall resistance in L. monocytogenes and STEC was low or middle. However, the high load of resistance genes found, even in susceptible isolates, suggests that these pathogens could contribute to the burden of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Mota
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sylvia Vázquez
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Cornejo
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno D'Alessandro
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Braga
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Caetano
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Betancor
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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38
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Matle I, Mbatha KR, Madoroba E. A review of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat products: Epidemiology, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 87:e1-e20. [PMID: 33054262 PMCID: PMC7565150 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic food-borne pathogen that is associated with serious public health and economic implications. In animals, L. monocytogenes can be associated with clinical listeriosis, which is characterised by symptoms such as abortion, encephalitis and septicaemia. In human beings, listeriosis symptoms include encephalitis, septicaemia and meningitis. In addition, listeriosis may cause gastroenteric symptoms in human beings and still births or spontaneous abortions in pregnant women. In the last few years, a number of reported outbreaks and sporadic cases associated with consumption of contaminated meat and meat products with L. monocytogenes have increased in developing countries. A variety of virulence factors play a role in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes. This zoonotic pathogen can be diagnosed using both classical microbiological techniques and molecular-based methods. There is limited information about L. monocytogenes recovered from meat and meat products in African countries. This review strives to: (1) provide information on prevalence and control measures of L. monocytogenes along the meat value chain, (2) describe the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes (3) provide an overview of different methods for detection and typing of L. monocytogenes for epidemiological, regulatory and trading purposes and (4) discuss the pathogenicity, virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida.
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High-Throughput Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Using the OmniLog Phenotypic Microarray. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32975769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0982-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput biochemical screening techniques are an important tool in phenotypic analysis of bacteria. New methods, simultaneously measuring many phenotype responses, increase the output of such investigations and allow a more complete overview of the bacterial phenotype, facilitating large-scale correlation to related genotypes. This chapter describes the application of OmniLog phenotype microarray analysis, a high-throughput assay for the phenotypic characterization of bacterial strains across a variety of different traits such as nutrient utilization and antimicrobial sensitivity, to Listeria species.
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Yan S, Li M, Luque-Sastre L, Wang W, Hu Y, Peng Z, Dong Y, Gan X, Nguyen S, Anes J, Bai Y, Xu J, Fanning S, Li F. Susceptibility (re)-testing of a large collection of Listeria monocytogenes from foods in China from 2012 to 2015 and WGS characterization of resistant isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1786-1794. [PMID: 30989181 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 2862 Listeria monocytogenes cultured from various foods in China and to use WGS to characterize the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes of those expressing a resistance phenotype. METHODS The susceptibilities of 2862 L. monocytogenes were determined by broth microdilution. Twenty-eight L. monocytogenes were found to be resistant to one to four antibiotics. All 28 resistant isolates were subsequently sequenced using short-read high accuracy protocols. The corresponding genomes were assembled and further analysis was carried out using appropriate bioinformatics pipelines. RESULTS All 28 resistant L. monocytogenes were classified into five STs (ST3, ST8, ST9, ST155 and ST515). Both ST9 and ST155 were dominant and their genotypes correlated with their resistance phenotypes. All ST9 isolates were MDR and could be phylogenetically classified into two clusters. One was relatively close to clinical origins and one to food. Downstream analysis of the genetic contexts in which these resistance genotypes were found suggested that these may have been acquired from other bacteria by horizontal transfer or insertion into the chromosome. All isolates harboured Listeria pathogenicity island (LIPI)-1 and LIPI-2, and only two harboured LIPI-3. CONCLUSIONS This study reported on the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 2862 foodborne L. monocytogenes along with the genomic characterization of 28 resistant isolates, 11 of which expressed an MDR phenotype. These data showed that this bacterium can acquire resistance by horizontal gene transfer in and between species. This study may necessitate a re-evaluation of risk to public health, associated with this bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Laura Luque-Sastre
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zixin Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinping Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xin Gan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Scott Nguyen
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - João Anes
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yao Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Chen M, Wang J, Wu Q, Cheng J, Zhang J, Sun Q, Xue L, Zeng H, Lei T, Pang R, Ye Q, Wu S, Zhang S, Wu H, Li W, Kou X. Heterogeneity, Characteristics, and Public Health Implications of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Foods and Pasteurized Milk in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:642. [PMID: 32351479 PMCID: PMC7174501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen with a high mortality rate in humans. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic potential of L. monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and pasteurized milk in China on the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Approximately 7.7% (44/570) samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes among 10.8% (39/360) RTE and 2.4% (5/210) pasteurized milk samples, of which 77.3% (34/44) had < 10 MPN/g, 18.2% (8/44) had 10-110 MPN/g, and 4.5% (2/44) had > 110 MPN/g. A total of 48 strains (43 from RTE foods and five from milk samples) of L. monocytogenes were isolated from 44 positive samples. PCR-serogroup analysis revealed that the most prevalent serogroup was II.2 (1/2b-3b-7), accounting for 52.1% (25/48) of the total, followed by serogroup I.1 (1/2a-3a) accounting for 33.3% (16/48), serogroup I.2 (1/2c-3c) accounting for 12.5% (6/48), and serogroup II.1 (4b-4d-4e) accounting for 2.1%. All isolates were grouped into 11 sequence types (STs) belonging to 10 clonal complexes (CCs) and one singleton (ST619) via multi-locus sequence typing. The most prevalent ST was ST87 (29.2%), followed by ST8 (22.9%), and ST9 (12.5%). Virulence genes determination showed that all isolates harbored eight virulence genes belonging to Listeria pathogenicity islands 1 (LIPI-1) (prfA, actA, hly, mpl, plcA, plcB, and iap) and inlB. Approximately 85.4% isolates carried full-length inlA, whereas seven isolates had premature stop codons in inlA, six of which belonged to ST9 and one to ST5. Furthermore, LLS (encoded by llsX gene, representing LIPI-3) displays bactericidal activity and modifies the host microbiota during infection. LIPI-4 enhances neural and placental tropisms of L. monocytogenes. Results showed that six (12.5%) isolates harbored the llsX gene, and they belonged to ST1/CC1, ST3/CC3, and ST619. Approximately 31.3% (15/48) isolates (belonging to ST87/CC87 and ST619) harbored ptsA (representing LIPI-4), indicating the potential risk of this pathogen. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that > 95% isolates were susceptible to 16 antimicrobials; however, 60.4 and 22.9% isolates were intermediately resistant to streptomycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The results show that several isolates harbor LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 genes, which may be a possible transmission route for Listeria infections in consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Cheng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Sun
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academic of Science, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Infinitus (China) Company, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Kou
- Infinitus (China) Company, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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Osman KM, Kappell AD, Fox EM, Orabi A, Samir A. Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofilm-Producing Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Different Ecological Niches in Egypt: Food, Humans, Animals, and Environment. Pathogens 2019; 9:E5. [PMID: 31861483 PMCID: PMC7168649 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serious outbreaks of foodborne disease have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes found in retail delicatessens and the severity of disease is significant, with high hospitalization and mortality rates. Little is understood about the formidable public health threat of L. monocytogenes in all four niches, humans, animals, food, and environment, in Egypt. This study analyzed the presence of L. monocytogenes collected from the four environmental niches and bioinformatics analysis was implemented to analyze and compare the data. PCR was used to detect virulence genes encoded by pathogenicity island (LIPI-1). prfA amino acid substation that causes constitutive expression of virulence was common in 77.7% of isolates. BLAST analysis did not match other isolates in the NCBI database, suggesting this may be a characteristic of the region associated with these isolates. A second group included the NH1 isolate originating in China, and BLAST analysis showed this prfA allele was shared with isolates from other global locations, such as Europe and North America. Identification of possible links and transmission pathways between the four niches helps to decrease the risk of disease in humans, to take more specific control measures in the context of disease prevention, to limit economic losses associated with food recalls, and highlights the need for treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia M. Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt; (A.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Anthony D. Kappell
- Water Quality Center, Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA;
| | - Edward M. Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, North Umbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 2SU, UK;
| | - Ahmed Orabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt; (A.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Samir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt; (A.O.); (A.S.)
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Taylor AJ, Stasiewicz MJ. Persistent and sporadic Listeria monocytogenes strains do not differ when growing at 37 °C, in planktonic state, under different food associated stresses or energy sources. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:257. [PMID: 31744459 PMCID: PMC6862832 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes the potentially lethal disease listeriosis. Within food-associated environments, L. monocytogenes can persist for long periods and increase the risk of contamination by continued presence in processing facilities or other food-associated environments. Most research on phenotyping of persistent L. monocytogenes’ has explored biofilm formation and sanitizer resistance, with less data examining persistent L. monocytogenes’ phenotypic responses to extrinsic factors, such as variations in osmotic pressure, pH, and energy source availability. It was hypothesized that isolates of persistent strains are able to grow, and grow faster, under a broader range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors compared to closely related isolates of sporadic strains. Results To test this hypothesis, 95 isolates (representing 74 isolates of 20 persistent strains and 21 isolates of sporadic strains) from a series of previous studies in retail delis, were grown at 37 °C, in (i) stress conditions: salt (0, 5, and 10% NaCl), pH (5.2, 7.2, and 9.2), and sanitizer (benzalkonium chloride, 0, 2, and 5 μg/mL) and (ii) energy sources: 25 mM glucose, cellobiose, glycogen, fructose, lactose, and sucrose; the original goal was to follow up with low temperature experiments for treatments where significant differences were observed. Growth rate and the ability to grow of 95 isolates were determined using high-throughput, OD600, growth curves. All stress conditions reduced growth rates in isolates compared to control (p < 0.05). In addition, growth varied by the tested energy sources. In chemically defined, minimal media there was a trend toward more isolates showing growth in all replicates using cellobiose (p = 0.052) compared to the control (glucose) and fewer isolates able to grow in glycogen (p = 0.02), lactose (p = 2.2 × 10− 16), and sucrose (p = 2.2 × 10− 16). Still, at least one isolate was able to consistently grow in every replicate for each energy source. Conclusions The central hypothesis was rejected, as there was not a significant difference in growth rate or ability to grow for retail deli isolates of persistent strains compared to sporadic strains for any treatments at 37 °C. Therefore, these data suggest that persistence is likely not determined by a phenotype unique to persistent strains grown at 37 °C and exposed to extrinsic stresses or variation in energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Taylor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Matthew J Stasiewicz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Wilson A, Fox EM, Fegan N, Kurtböke DÍ. Comparative Genomics and Phenotypic Investigations Into Antibiotic, Heavy Metal, and Disinfectant Susceptibilities of Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated in Australia. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1620. [PMID: 31379776 PMCID: PMC6646423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is recognized as a major contributor of gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Concerns have been raised over the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella isolated from animals and food, and the role of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents such as biocides and heavy metals in the selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human hosts. In this study the antibiotic, heavy metal and disinfectant resistance genotypes and phenotypes of 19 S. enterica isolates from food-producing animals were established using whole genome sequence analysis, disc diffusion, as well as broth or agar dilution methods. This study also investigated the genomic environment of resistance genes on mobile genetic elements and chromosomal DNA. An ampicillin and streptomycin resistant S. Infantis isolate in this study harbored a β-lactamase (blaTEM–1), and two streptomycin resistance conferring genes (strA and strB) on a class 1 integron mobilized on a large conjugative plasmid. This plasmid also harbored two arsenic resistance gene cassettes. The arsenic resistance cassette, arsRCDAB, was also observed in two S. Singapore isolates with high tolerance to arsenate. A nalidixic acid resistant S. Typhimurium isolate was found to possess a mutation in gyrA resulting in amino acid change Asp87Gly and tetracycline resistant S. Typhimurium isolate was found to harbor efflux pump gene, tetA. No resistance (genotypic or phenotypic) was recorded to the disinfectants screened in this study. Taken together, results of this study showed a good correlation between predicted and measured resistances when comparing genotypic and phenotypic data, respectively. The findings of this study do not suggest resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics are widespread among Salmonella isolated from Australian food-producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaleise Wilson
- Genecology Research Centre and the School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia.,Food Safety and Stability Group, Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward M Fox
- Food Safety and Stability Group, Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Werribee, VIC, Australia.,Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Narelle Fegan
- Food Safety and Stability Group, Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - D Ípek Kurtböke
- Genecology Research Centre and the School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
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Chen M, Cheng J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zeng H, Xue L, Lei T, Pang R, Wu S, Wu H, Zhang S, Wei X, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Wu Q. Isolation, Potential Virulence, and Population Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes From Meat and Meat Products in China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:946. [PMID: 31134008 PMCID: PMC6514097 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a globally notorious foodborne pathogen. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively detect L. monocytogenes from meat and meat products in China and to establish their virulence profiles and population diversity. From 1212 meat and meat product samples, 362 (29.9%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Of these positive samples, 90.6% (328/362) had less than 10 MPN/g, 5.5% (20/364) samples had 10-110 MPN/g, and 3.9% (14/362) of the positive samples had over 110 MPN/g. Serogroup analysis showed that the most prevalent serogroup of L. monocytogenes was I.1 (1/2a-3a), which accounted for 45.0% (123/458) of the total, followed by serogroup I.2 (1/2c-3c) that comprised 26.9%, serogroup II.1 (4b-4d-4e) that comprised 4.8%, and serogroup II.2 (1/2b-3b-7) that comprised 23.3%. A total of 458 isolates were grouped into 35 sequence types (STs) that belonged to 25 clonal complexes (CCs) and one singleton (ST619) by multi-locus sequence typing. The most prevalent ST was ST9 (26.9%), followed by ST8 (17.9%), ST87 (15.3%), ST155 (9.4%), and ST121 (7.6%). Thirty-seven isolates harbored the llsX gene (representing LIPI-3), and they belonged to ST1/CC1, ST3/CC3, ST288/CC288, ST323/CC288, ST330/CC288, ST515/CC1, and ST619, among which ST323/CC288, ST330/CC288, and ST515/CC1 were newly reported to carry LIPI-3. Seventy-five isolates carried ptsA, and they belonged to ST87/CC87, ST88/CC88, and ST619, indicating that consumers may be exposed to potential hypervirulent L. monocytogenes. Antibiotics susceptibility tests revealed that over 90% of the isolates were susceptible to 11 antibiotics; however, 40.0% of the isolates exhibited resistance against ampicillin and 11.8% against tetracycline; further, 45.0 and 4.6% were intermediate resistant and resistant to ciprofloxacin, respectively. The rise of antibiotic resistance in L. monocytogenes suggests that stricter regulations should be formulated to restrict the use of antibiotic agents in human listeriosis treatment and livestock breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Cheng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuetao Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Turkey. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7693782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the determination of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in Ankara, Turkey. In order to detect and isolate L. monocytogenes from 201 RTE food samples, the EN ISO 11290:1 method was used. All isolates were identified using the polymerase chain reaction. The strains were also confirmed by the detection of the hemolysin gene (hlyA). The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 8.5% among the food samples. Seventeen L. monocytogenes strains were examined by the disk diffusion assay for their resistance to 23 antibiotics. All strains were susceptible to erythromycin, clarithromycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, imipenem, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol, while all strains were resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, penicillin G, linezolid, and clindamycin. The higher resistance was found against oxacillin (94.1%), kanamycin (76.5%), levofloxacin (70.6%), and teicoplanin (64.7%), followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (53.0%), rifampicin (47.1%), and ciprofloxacin (35.3%). A lower incidence of resistance was observed against tetracycline (5.9%), meropenem (5.9%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (17.7%). All isolates were multidrug resistant showing resistance to at least three antibiotic classes. High L. monocytogenes prevalence among analyzed RTE foods represents a high risk for public health. Our findings show a high prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods in Turkey. More effective control strategies for L. monocytogenes are needed to reduce both prevalence and resistance of L. monocytogenes in Turkish RTE foods.
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Chen M, Cheng J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xue L, Lei T, Zeng H, Wu S, Ye Q, Bai J, Wang J. Occurrence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Population Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated From Fresh Aquatic Products in China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2215. [PMID: 30283429 PMCID: PMC6157410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important Gram-positive foodborne pathogen. However, limited information is available on the comprehensive investigation and potential risk of L. monocytogenes in fresh aquatic products, which are popular to consumers in China. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, virulence profiles, and population diversity of L. monocytogenes isolated from aquatic products in China. In total, 846 aquatic product samples were collected between July 2011 and April 2016 from 43 cities in China. Approximately 7.92% (67/846) aquatic product samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, 86.57% positive samples ranged from 0.3 to 10 MPN/g, whereas 5.97% showed over 110 MPN/g by the Most Probable Number method, which included two samples of products intended to be eaten raw. Serogroups I.1 (serotype 1/2a), I.2 (serotype 1/2b), and III (serotype 4c) were the predominant serogroups isolated, whereas serogroup II.1 (serotype 4b) was detected at much lower frequencies. Examination of antibacterial resistance showed that nine antibacterial resistance profiles were exhibited in 72 isolates, a high level susceptibility of 16 tested antibiotics against L. monocytogenes were observed, indicating these common antibacterial agents are still effective for treating L. monocytogenes infection. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that ST299, ST87, and ST8 are predominant in aquatic products, indicating that the rare ST299 (serotype 4c) may have a special ecological niche in aquatic products and associated environments. Except llsX and ptsA, the 72 isolates harbor nine virulence genes (prfA, actA, hly, plcA, plcB, iap, mpl, inlA, and inlB), premature stop codons (PMSCs) in inlA were found in four isolates, three of which belonged to ST9. A novel PMSC was found in 2929-1LM with a nonsense mutation at position 1605 (TGG→TGA). All ST87 isolates harbored the ptsA gene, whereas 8 isolates (11.11%) carried the llsX gene, and mainly belonged to ST1, ST3, ST308, ST323, ST330, and ST619. Taken together, these results first reported potential virulent L. monocytogenes isolates (ST8 and ST87) were predominant in aquatic products which may have implications for public health in China. It is thus necessary to perform continuous surveillance for L. monocytogenes in aquatic products in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuetao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Olaimat AN, Al-Holy MA, Shahbaz HM, Al-Nabulsi AA, Abu Ghoush MH, Osaili TM, Ayyash MM, Holley RA. Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Food Products: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1277-1292. [PMID: 33350166 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that has been involved in several deadly illness outbreaks. Future outbreaks may be more difficult to manage because of the emergence of antibiotic resistance among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products. The present review summarizes the available evidence on the emergence of antibiotic resistance among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products and the possible ways this resistance has developed. Furthermore, the resistance of food L. monocytogenes isolates to antibiotics currently used in the treatment of human listeriosis such as penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and gentamicin, has been documented. Acquisition of movable genetic elements is considered the major mechanism of antibiotic resistance development in L. monocytogenes. Efflux pumps have also been linked with resistance of L. monocytogenes to some antibiotics including fluoroquinolones. Some L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products are intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics. However, factors in food processing chains and environments (from farm to table) including extensive or sub-inhibitory antibiotics use, horizontal gene transfer, exposure to environmental stresses, biofilm formation, and presence of persister cells play crucial roles in the development of antibiotic resistance by L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin N Olaimat
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite Univ., P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
| | - Murad A Al-Holy
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite Univ., P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
| | - Hafiz M Shahbaz
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Univ. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anas A Al-Nabulsi
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan Univ. of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud H Abu Ghoush
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite Univ., P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
| | - Tareq M Osaili
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan Univ. of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan.,Dept. of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Univ. of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed M Ayyash
- Dept. of Food Science, United Arab Emirates Univ., Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard A Holley
- Dept. of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Oniciuc EA, Likotrafiti E, Alvarez-Molina A, Prieto M, Santos JA, Alvarez-Ordóñez A. The Present and Future of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and Whole Metagenome Sequencing (WMS) for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistant Microorganisms and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes across the Food Chain. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E268. [PMID: 29789467 PMCID: PMC5977208 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance is a critical step within risk assessment schemes, as it is the basis for informing global strategies, monitoring the effectiveness of public health interventions, and detecting new trends and emerging threats linked to food. Surveillance of AMR is currently based on the isolation of indicator microorganisms and the phenotypic characterization of clinical, environmental and food strains isolated. However, this approach provides very limited information on the mechanisms driving AMR or on the presence or spread of AMR genes throughout the food chain. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of bacterial pathogens has shown potential for epidemiological surveillance, outbreak detection, and infection control. In addition, whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) allows for the culture-independent analysis of complex microbial communities, providing useful information on AMR genes occurrence. Both technologies can assist the tracking of AMR genes and mobile genetic elements, providing the necessary information for the implementation of quantitative risk assessments and allowing for the identification of hotspots and routes of transmission of AMR across the food chain. This review article summarizes the information currently available on the use of WGS and WMS for surveillance of AMR in foodborne pathogenic bacteria and food-related samples and discusses future needs that will have to be considered for the routine implementation of these next-generation sequencing methodologies with this aim. In particular, methodological constraints that impede the use at a global scale of these high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies are identified, and the standardization of methods and protocols is suggested as a measure to upgrade HTS-based AMR surveillance schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Oniciuc
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati 800008, Romania.
| | - Eleni Likotrafiti
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki T.K. 57400, Greece.
| | - Adrián Alvarez-Molina
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Jesús A Santos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
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