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Stevens MJA, Horlbog JA, Diethelm A, Stephan R, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. Characteristics and comparative genome analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species associated with human infections in Switzerland 2019-2023. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105652. [PMID: 39103026 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to characterise Yersinia enterocolitica from human clinical specimens in Switzerland using epidemiological, microbiological and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. METHODS Isolates (n = 149) were collected between January 2019 and December 2023. Epidemiological data was noted and strains were characterized by biochemical and serological typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), and WGS-based analysis. RESULTS Most of the isolates (86%) were from stool specimens and 52% were from male patients. The patients' median age was 28 years (range < 1-94 years). Typing assigned the isolates to bioserotype 4/O:3 (44%), biotype 1A (34%), bioserotype 2/O:9 (21%), and bioserotype 3/O:3 (1%). WGS identified Y. enterocolitica (n = 147), Y. alsatica (n = 1) and Y. proxima (n = 1). Seven isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and harboured plasmid pAB829 carrying aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, and tet(Y) (n = 1), pAC120 carrying aph(6)-Id and tet(A) (n = 2), or a 12.6 kb Tn2670-like transposon containing catA1, aadA12, sul1, and qacEΔ1 (n = 4). Virulence factors (VFs) included ail (n = 99), invB, (n = 145), ystA (n = 99), ystB (n = 48) and pYV-associated VFs (n = 93). MLST and cgMLST analysis showed that BT 1A strains consisted of several STs and were highly diverse, whereas BT 2/O:9 strains were all ST12 and clustered closely, and BT 4/O:3 strains mostly belonged to ST18 but were more diverse. SNP analysis revealed two highly clonal BT 4/O:3 subpopulations with wide spatio-temporal distribution. CONCLUSIONS Y. enterocolitica BT 1A, BT 2/O:9 and BT 4/O:3 are frequently associated with human yersiniosis in Switzerland. WGS-based subtyping of Y. enterocolitica is a powerful tool to explore the genetic diversity and the pathogenic potential of human isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J A Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jule Anna Horlbog
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss National Reference Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Diethelm
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss National Reference Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hammerl JA, Pham MA, El-Ahmad S, Manta D, Jäckel C, Hertwig S. Biological and genomic characterization of three psychrophilic Y. enterocolitica phages. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1423610. [PMID: 39056006 PMCID: PMC11269248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1423610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica is an important foodborne pathogenic species that is mainly transmitted by the consumption of contaminated meat, particularly pork. To combat the bacteria along the food chain, the application of strictly lytic phages may be a promising tool. As the temperatures in the gut of animals and during food processing can differ significantly, a phage cocktail intended to be used for applications should comprise phages that are active at various temperatures. In this study, we isolated and characterized three phages with a myoviridal morphology (vB_YenM_P8, vB_YenM_P744 and vB_YenM_P778), which lysed the most important Y. enterocolitica serotypes O:3, O:9 and O:5,27 at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) and at low temperatures down to 6°C. While vB_YenM_P8 is a member of the T4 family, vB_YenM_P744 and vB_YenM_P778 are novel phages that do not show relationship to known phages. The three phages were mixed in a cocktail with the already described phages vB_YenM_P281 and vB_YenP_Rambo. The cocktail revealed a strong lytic activity and lysed a mixture of Y. enterocolitica serotypes at room temperature (RT) within few hours with a reduction of up to 4.8 log10 units. Moreover, at even lower temperatures the mixture was significantly reduced after incubation overnight. The strongest reductions were determined at 6°C (4.0 log10 units) suggesting that the cocktail can lyse the psychrophilic Y. enterocolitica also during food processing. To determine possible phage resistance, 100 colonies that survived the infection by the phages were isolated and analysed regarding their serotype and phage susceptibility. Most isolates belonged to serotype O:9, but all of them were still sensitive to at least one phage of the cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Hertwig
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Le Guern AS, Savin C, Chereau F, Tessier S, Guglielmini J, Brémont S, Pizarro-Cerdá J. A novel cgMLST for genomic surveillance of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in France allowed the detection and investigation of outbreaks in 2017-2021. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0050424. [PMID: 38651883 PMCID: PMC11237650 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00504-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteric yersiniosis, the third most common food-borne zoonosis in Europe, is mainly caused by the pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. In France, the yersiniosis microbiological surveillance is conducted at the Yersinia National Reference Laboratory (YNRL). Since 2017, isolates have been characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS) followed by a 500-gene Yersinia-cgMLST. We report here the data of the WGS-based surveillance on Y. enterocolitica isolates for the 2017-2021 period. The YNRL characterized 7,642 Y. enterocolitica strains distributed in 2,497 non-pathogenic isolates from lineages 1Aa and 1Ab, and 5,145 specimens belonging to 8 pathogenic lineages. Among pathogenic isolates, lineage 4 was the most common (87.2%) followed by lineages 2/3-9b (10.6%), 2/3-5a (1.2%), 2/3-9a (0.6%), 3-3b, 3-3c, 1B, and 3-3d (0.1% per each). Importantly, we developed a routine surveillance system based on a new typing method consisting of a 1,727-genes core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) specific to the species Y. enterocolitica followed by isolate clustering. Thresholds of allelic distances (AD) were determined and fixed for the clustering of isolates: AD ≤ 5 for lineages 4, 2/3-5a, and 2/3-9a, and AD ≤ 3 for lineage 2/3-9b. Clustering programs were implemented in 2019 in routine surveillance to detect genomic clusters of pathogenic isolates. In total, 419 clusters with at least 2 isolates were identified, representing 2,504 of the 3,503 isolates characterized between 2019 and 2021. Most clusters (n = 325) comprised 2 to 5 isolates. The new typing method proved to be useful for the molecular investigation of unusual grouping of cases as well as for the detection of genomic clusters in routine surveillance. IMPORTANCE We describe here the new typing method used for molecular surveillance of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in France based on a novel core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) specific to Y. enterocolitica species. This method can reliably identify the pathogenic Y. enterocolitica subspecies and compare the isolates with a high discriminatory power. Between 2017 and 2021, 5,145 pathogenic isolates belonging to 8 lineages were characterized and lineage 4 was by far the most common followed by lineage 2/3-9b. A clustering program was implemented, and detection thresholds were cross-validated by the molecular and epidemiological investigation of three unusual groups of Y. enterocolitica infections. The routine molecular surveillance system has been able to detect genomic clusters, leading to epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Le Guern
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Plague Fra-140, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Savin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Plague Fra-140, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Chereau
- Santé publique France, Infectious Diseases Division, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sabrina Tessier
- Santé publique France, Regions Division, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Office, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Guglielmini
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistic Hub, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Brémont
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Plague Fra-140, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Plague Fra-140, Paris, France
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Siddi G, Piras F, Meloni MP, Gymoese P, Torpdahl M, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Migoni M, Cabras D, Cuccu M, De Santis EPL, Scarano C. Hunted Wild Boars in Sardinia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Analysis of Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica. Foods 2023; 13:65. [PMID: 38201093 PMCID: PMC10778173 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica prevalence in wild boars hunted in Sardinia and further characterize the isolates and analyse antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. In order to assess slaughtering hygiene, an evaluation of carcasses microbial contamination was also carried out. Between 2020 and 2022, samples were collected from 66 wild boars hunted during two hunting seasons from the area of two provinces in northern and central Sardinia (Italy). Samples collected included colon content samples, mesenteric lymph nodes samples and carcass surface samples. Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica detection was conducted on each sample; also, on carcass surface samples, total aerobic mesophilic count and Enterobacteriaceae count were evaluated. On Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility was tested and whole genome sequencing was applied. Salmonella was identified in the colon content samples of 3/66 (4.5%) wild boars; isolates were S. enterica subs. salamae, S. ser. elomrane and S. enterica subs. enterica. Y. enterocolitica was detected from 20/66 (30.3%) wild boars: in 18/66 (27.3%) colon contents, in 3/66 (4.5%) mesenteric lymph nodes and in 3/49 (6.1%) carcass surface samples. In all, 24 Y. enterocolitica isolates were analysed and 20 different sequence types were detected, with the most common being ST860. Regarding AMR, no resistance was detected in Salmonella isolates, while expected resistance towards β-lactams (blaA gene) and streptogramin (vatF gene) was observed in Y. enterocolitica isolates (91.7% and 4.2%, respectively). The low presence of AMR is probably due to the low anthropic impact in the wild areas. Regarding the surface contamination of carcasses, values (mean ± standard deviation log10 CFU/cm2) were 2.46 ± 0.97 for ACC and 1.07 ± 1.18 for Enterobacteriaceae. The results of our study confirm that wild boars can serve as reservoirs and spreaders of Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica; the finding of Y. enterocolitica presence on carcass surface highlights how meat may become superficially contaminated, especially considering that contamination is linked to the conditions related to the hunting, handling and processing of game animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Siddi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesca Piras
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Maria Pina Meloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Pernille Gymoese
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mia Torpdahl
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mattia Migoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniela Cabras
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Mario Cuccu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Enrico Pietro Luigi De Santis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Scarano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
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Manyi-Loh CE, Lues R. A South African Perspective on the Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Meat: Plausible Public Health Implications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2484. [PMID: 37894142 PMCID: PMC10608972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat comprises proteins, fats, vitamins, and trace elements, essential nutrients for the growth and development of the body. The increased demand for meat necessitates the use of antibiotics in intensive farming to sustain and raise productivity. However, the high water activity, the neutral pH, and the high protein content of meat create a favourable milieu for the growth and the persistence of bacteria. Meat serves as a portal for the spread of foodborne diseases. This occurs because of contamination. This review presents information on animal farming in South Africa, the microbial and chemical contamination of meat, and the consequential effects on public health. In South Africa, the sales of meat can be operated both formally and informally. Meat becomes exposed to contamination with different categories of microbes, originating from varying sources during preparation, processing, packaging, storage, and serving to consumers. Apparently, meat harbours diverse pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic residues alongside the occurrence of drug resistance in zoonotic pathogens, due to the improper use of antibiotics during farming. Different findings obtained across the country showed variations in prevalence of bacteria and multidrug-resistant bacteria studied, which could be explained by the differences in the manufacturer practices, handling processes from producers to consumers, and the success of the hygienic measures employed during production. Furthermore, variation in the socioeconomic and political factors and differences in bacterial strains, geographical area, time, climatic factors, etc. could be responsible for the discrepancy in the level of antibiotic resistance between the provinces. Bacteria identified in meat including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., etc. are incriminated as pathogenic agents causing serious infections in human and their drug-resistant counterparts can cause prolonged infection plus long hospital stays, increased mortality and morbidity as well as huge socioeconomic burden and even death. Therefore, uncooked meat or improperly cooked meat consumed by the population serves as a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy E. Manyi-Loh
- Centre of Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa;
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Samnani S, Bibby H, Luft L. Brief report of complicated Yersinia enterocolitica infection in an immunocompetent host: Review of the literature and pathogenicity mechanisms. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2023; 8:154-160. [PMID: 38250286 PMCID: PMC10795698 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background We report a case of a 47-year-old male presenting with Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia with no known risk factors for invasive infection, found to have multiloculated liver and splenic abscesses with an antecedent history of mild enterocolitis. Case presentation Our patient presented with septic shock in the setting of gastroenteritis with abdominal pain and fever. On work-up, he was found to have multiloculated hepatic and splenic abscesses secondary to Y. enterocolitica. No identifiable risk factors (ie, iron-overload syndrome or immunosuppression) for Y. enterocolitica septicemia were identified in our patient. Our patient was treated with a prolonged course of antibiotics until imaging resolution of his liver and splenic abscesses. Conclusion Invasive Y. enterocolitica in an immunocompetent host is rare. Our case highlights the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica, and important treatment and management considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Samnani
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Helen Bibby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - LeeAnne Luft
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Angelovska M, Zaharieva MM, Dimitrova LL, Dimova T, Gotova I, Urshev Z, Ilieva Y, Kaleva MD, Kim TC, Naydenska S, Dimitrov Z, Najdenski H. Prevalence, Genetic Homogeneity, and Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica Strains Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs in Bulgaria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040716. [PMID: 37107078 PMCID: PMC10134977 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersiniosis is the third most commonly reported foodborne zoonosis in the European Union. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica among healthy pigs (as a major reservoir) in a slaughterhouse in Bulgaria. A total of 790 tonsils and feces from 601 pigs were examined. Isolation and pathogenicity characterization was carried out by the ISO 10273:2003 protocol and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), detecting the 16S rRNA gene, attachment and invasion locus (ail), Yersinia heat-stable enterotoxin (ystA), and Yersinia adhesion (yadA) genes. Genetic diversity was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial resistance by the standard disk diffusion method. Of all the pigs tested, 6.7% were positive for Y. enterocolitica. All isolates belonged to Y. enterocolitica bioserotype 4/O:3. ail, and ystA genes were detected in all positive strains (n = 43), while the plasmid Yersinia virulence plasmid (pYV) was detected in 41. High homogeneity was observed among the strains, with all strains susceptible to ceftriaxone, amikacin and ciprofloxacin, and resistant to ampicillin. In conclusion, a low prevalence of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 was found in healthy pigs slaughtered in Bulgaria, not underestimating possible contamination of pork as a potential risk to consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Angelovska
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Margaritova Zaharieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila L Dimitrova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Dimova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Gotova
- LB Bulgaricum Plc., R&D Department, 14 Malashevska Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zoltan Urshev
- LB Bulgaricum Plc., R&D Department, 14 Malashevska Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yana Ilieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mila Dobromirova Kaleva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Chan Kim
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sevda Naydenska
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Alexandrovska, Medical University, 1 Georgi Sofiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zhechko Dimitrov
- LB Bulgaricum Plc., R&D Department, 14 Malashevska Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Hong S, Kang HJ, Lee HY, Jung HR, Moon JS, Yoon SS, Kim HY, Lee YJ. Prevalence and characteristics of foodborne pathogens from slaughtered pig carcasses in Korea. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1158196. [PMID: 37065220 PMCID: PMC10103459 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of bacteria into slaughterhouses can lead to microbial contamination in carcasses during slaughter, and the initial level of bacteria in carcasses is important because it directly affects spoilage and the shelf life. This study was conducted to investigate the microbiological quality, and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in 200 carcasses from 20 pig slaughterhouses across Korea. Distribution of microbial counts were significantly higher for aerobic bacteria at 3.01–4.00 log10 CFU/cm2 (42.0%) and 2.01–3.00 log10 CFU/cm2 (28.5%), whereas most of Escherichia coli showed the counts under 1.00 log10 CFU/cm2 (87.0%) (P < 0.05). The most common pathogen isolated from 200 carcasses was Staphylococcus aureus (11.5%), followed by Yersinia enterocolitica (7.0%). In total, 17 S. aureus isolates from four slaughterhouses were divided into six pulsotypes and seven spa types, and showed the same or different types depending on the slaughterhouses. Interestingly, isolates from two slaughterhouses carried only LukED associated with the promotion of bacterial virulence, whereas, isolates from two other slaughterhouses carried one or more toxin genes associated with enterotoxins including sen. In total, 14 Y. enterocolitica isolates from six slaughterhouses were divided into nine pulsotypes, 13 isolates belonging to biotype 1A or 2 carried only ystB, whereas one isolate belonging to bio-serotype 4/O:3 carried both ail and ystA. This is the first study to investigate microbial quality and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in carcasses from slaughterhouses nationally, and the findings support the need for ongoing slaughterhouse monitoring to improve the microbiological safety of pig carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serim Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Ha-Young Kim
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Young Ju Lee
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Fang X, Kang L, Qiu YF, Li ZS, Bai Y. Yersinia enterocolitica in Crohn’s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1129996. [PMID: 36968108 PMCID: PMC10031030 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1129996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid to the unique roles gut microbes play in both physiological and pathological processes. Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. Currently, gastrointestinal infection has been proposed as one initiating factor of CD. Yersinia enterocolitica, a zoonotic pathogen that exists widely in nature, is one of the most common bacteria causing acute infectious gastroenteritis, which displays clinical manifestations similar to CD. However, the specific role of Y. enterocolitica in CD is controversial. In this Review, we discuss the current knowledge on how Y. enterocolitica and derived microbial compounds may link to the pathogenesis of CD. We highlight examples of Y. enterocolitica-targeted interventions in the diagnosis and treatment of CD, and provide perspectives for future basic and translational investigations on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Bai
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Shen Li, ; Yu Bai,
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Primavilla S, Farneti S, Roila R, Branciari R, Altissimi C, Valiani A, Ranucci D. Retrospective study on the prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in food collected in Umbria region (central Italy). Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:10996. [PMID: 37064514 PMCID: PMC10102966 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica represents one of the main foodborne pathogens in Europe and the evaluation of possible sources of contamination and its prevalence in food is of considerable interest for risk analysis approach. The results of the search for Yersinia enterocolitica in food samples taken in Umbria region (central Italy) were evaluated during the years 2015-2018. Different types of foods were considered, both ready-to-eat (meat products, dairy products, and raw vegetables) and meat preparations to be eaten after cooking. Samples were assayed by molecular screening for the species indicator gene ompF. Screening positives were subjected to isolation and characterization by searching for specific virulence marker genes, including the ail gene responsible for invasiveness and the ystB gene for the production of enterotoxin. The total prevalence of positive samples for Yersinia enterocolitica was 16.86% with a higher percentage of positive samples in meat preparations (19.35%), followed by ready-to-eat vegetables (11.76%). Poultry meat samples had a higher prevalence than pork and beef samples. Neither positive samples were found in meat products and dairy, nor seasonality in positivity was observed. All isolated strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were biotype 1A, with absence of the ail virulence gene but presence of ystB gene. Since the strains isolated from human patients appear to be primarily biotypes that possess the ail marker, future investigations would be needed regarding the real role of biotype 1A in human disease. In this context, attention should certainly be paid to ready-to-eat vegetables and to careful cooking of meat preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Primavilla
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute Togo Rosati of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvana Farneti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute Togo Rosati of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Altissimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Valiani
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute Togo Rosati of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Network pharmacology-based analysis on geniposide, a component of gardenia jasminoides, beneficial effects to alleviate LPS-induced immune stress in piglets. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109894. [PMID: 36863144 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide is the main medicinal component of Gardenia jasminoides, and its content is approximately 3-8% depending on its origin. Geniposide is a class of cyclic enol ether terpene glucoside compounds with strong antioxidant, free radical quenching and cancer-inhibiting activities. Many studies have reported that geniposide has hepatoprotective, cholestatic, neuroprotective, blood sugar and blood lipid regulation, soft tissue damage treatment, antithrombotic, antitumor and other effects. As a traditional Chinese medicine, gardenia, whether used as gardenia alone, as the monomer geniposide or as the effective part of cyclic either terpenoids, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects when used in the right amounts. Recent studies have found that geniposide has important roles in pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation activity, inhibition of the NF-κB/IκB pathway, and cell adhesion molecule production. In this study, we predicted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of geniposide in piglets through network pharmacology based on the LPS-induced inflammatory response-regulated signaling pathway. The effects of geniposide on changes in inflammatory pathways and cytokine levels in the lymphocytes of inflammation-stressed piglets were investigated using in vivo and in vitro models of piglet lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress. Network pharmacology identified 23 target genes, of which the main pathways of action were lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and Yersinia infection. The main relevant target genes were VEGFA, ROCK2, NOS3, and CCL2. Validation experiments showed that the interventional effects of geniposide reduced the relative expression of NF-κB pathway proteins and genes, restored the expression of COX-2 genes to normal levels, and increased the relative expression of tight junction proteins and genes in IPEC-J2 cells. This indicates that the addition of geniposide can alleviate inflammation and improve the level of cellular tight junctions.
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12
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Seakamela EM, Diseko L, Malatji D, Makhado L, Motau M, Jambwa K, Magwedere K, Ntushelo N, Matle I. Characterisation and antibiotic resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica from various meat categories, South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2022; 89:e1-e11. [PMID: 36453823 PMCID: PMC9724029 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica infections impose a significant public health and socioeconomic burden on human population in many countries. The current study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular diversity of Y. enterocolitica in meat and meat products across various retail outlets in selected provinces of South Africa (SA). In a cross-sectional study, a total of 581 retail meat and meat products were collected from four cities across three provinces of SA. Samples were from beef and pork products, which included 292 raw intact, 167 raw processed, and 122 ready-to-eat (RTE) meats. Samples were analysed using classical microbiological methods for isolation, identification and biotyping of Y. enterocolitica. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for confirmation, serotyping, screening of virulence (n = 11) and antimicrobial resistance (n = 18) genes. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined against 12 antibiotics discs, using disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence of 12% (70/581) was reported across all cities with contamination proportion reported in samples collected from raw intact 15% (43/292), followed by raw processed 11% (18/167) and RTE meats 7% (9/122). All positive isolates were of biotype 1A with 7% (5/70) belonging to bioserotype 1A/O:8. Most of the isolates harboured ymoA, ystB, fepD, ail, fepA, invA and myfA virulence genes. High antimicrobial resistance frequency was observed for ampicillin (94%), cephalothin (83%) and amoxicillin (41%), respectively. Of the 18 tested antimicrobial resistance genes, blaTEM was the most predominant (40%) followed by cmlA (21%). This study reveals the presence of antimicrobial resistant Y. enterocolitica possessing virulent genes of public health importance in products of animal origin, therefore, health monitoring and surveillance of this pathogen is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Seakamela
- Bacteriology Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
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13
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Hammerl JA, Barac A, Jäckel C, Fuhrmann J, Gadicherla A, Hertwig S. Phage vB_YenS_P400, a Novel Virulent Siphovirus of Yersinia enterocolitica Isolated from Deer. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081674. [PMID: 36014091 PMCID: PMC9412545 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage vB_YenS_P400 isolated from deer, is a virulent siphovirus of Y. enterocolitica, whose circularly permutated genome (46,585 bp) is not substantially related to any other phage deposited in public nucleotide databases. vB_YenS_P400 showed a very narrow host range and exclusively lysed two Y. enterocolitica B4/O:3 strains. Moreover, lytic activity by this phage was only discernible at room temperature. Together with the finding that vB_YenS_P400 revealed a long latent period (90 to 100 min) and low burst size (five to ten), it is not suitable for applications but provides insight into the diversity of Yersinia phages.
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Sande MG, Ferreira D, Rodrigues JL, Melo LDR, Linke D, Silva CJ, Moreira FTC, Sales MGF, Rodrigues LR. Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of the Key Virulence Factor YadA of Yersinia enterocolitica. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080614. [PMID: 36005012 PMCID: PMC9405658 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
New point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of bacterial infections are imperative to overcome the deficiencies of conventional methods, such as culture and molecular methods. In this study, we identified new aptamers that bind to the virulence factor Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) of Yersinia enterocolitica using cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (cell-SELEX). Escherichia coli expressing YadA on the cell surface was used as a target cell. After eight cycles of selection, the final aptamer pool was sequenced by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina Novaseq platform. The sequencing data, analyzed using the Geneious software, was aligned, filtered and demultiplexed to obtain the key nucleotides possibly involved in the target binding. The most promising aptamer candidate, Apt1, bound specifically to YadA with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 11 nM. Apt1 was used to develop a simple electrochemical biosensor with a two-step, label-free design towards the detection of YadA. The sensor surface modifications and its ability to bind successfully and stably to YadA were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and square wave voltammetry. The biosensor enabled the detection of YadA in a linear range between 7.0 × 104 and 7.0 × 107 CFU mL−1 and showed a square correlation coefficient >0.99. The standard deviation and the limit of detection was ~2.5% and 7.0 × 104 CFU mL−1, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that this novel biosensor incorporating Apt1 can potentially be used as a sensitive POC detection system to aid the diagnosis of Y. enterocolitica infections. Furthermore, this simple yet innovative approach could be replicated to select aptamers for other (bacterial) targets and to develop the corresponding biosensors for their detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Sande
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Débora Ferreira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana L. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís D. R. Melo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carla J. Silva
- CENTI—Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 278, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
- CITEVE—Technological Center for the Textile and Clothing Industries of Portugal, Rua Fernando Mesquita 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Felismina T. C. Moreira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BioMark-CINTESIS/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4219-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Goreti F. Sales
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BioMark-CINTESIS/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4219-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ligia R. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Arden K, Gedye K, Angelin-Bonnet O, Murphy E, Antic D. Yersinia enterocolitica in wild and peridomestic rodents within Great Britain, a prevalence study. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:537-549. [PMID: 35343069 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a human pathogen transmitted via the faecal-oral route among animals and humans and is a major foodborne public health hazard. This study explores the role of Y. enterocolitica transmission at the livestock-wildlife interface and investigates the potential role wild and peridomestic rodents play as a source of this zoonotic pathogen. The total of 342 faecal samples collected from the seven rodent species and one insectivore was examined using an optimized protocol to culture and identify Y. enterocolitica. Positive samples were also bioserotyped for grouping and determination of sample pathogenicity. Wildlife species sampled in this study were separated into two sample groups: randomly sampled (brown rats, house mice, wood mice, bank voles, field voles and the common shrew), as well as targeted sampling (red and grey squirrels). The overall prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in the randomly sampled population was 3.73%. Brown rats were chosen as sentinel species and tested to determine if location (pig farm vs non-pig farm) was a significant factor affecting Y. enterocolitica prevalence. In this study, location was not significant. All positive samples were found to be of biotype 1A, deemed non-pathogenic. Three of the samples were serotype 09, six were serotype 27 and five had an unidentifiable serotype. This study represents the first time Y. enterocolitica has been identified in these species of wildlife within mainland Britain. In addition, this study's findings are entirely novel and overall with regard to field voles and common shrews. However, the role of wild and peridomestic rodents in the transmission of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica remains unknown, as this study was unable to detect the presence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Arden
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristene Gedye
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Ellen Murphy
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Dragan Antic
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
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16
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Bastos IS, Nobre FX, da Silva ER, Orlandi PP, Lima DC, da Cunha Mendes O, Manzato L, Duarte Pereira MLR, Leyet Y, Couceiro PRC, Brito WR. Silver tungstate microcrystals and their performance over several clinical multidrug resistant microorganisms. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Mancini ME, Beverelli M, Donatiello A, Didonna A, Dattoli L, Faleo S, Occhiochiuso G, Galante D, Rondinone V, Del Sambro L, Bianco A, Miccolupo A, Goffredo E. Isolation and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica from foods in Apulia and Basilicata regions (Italy) by conventional and modern methods. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268706. [PMID: 35830422 PMCID: PMC9278756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersiniosis is the third most reported food-borne zoonosis in Europe. The aim of the present study was to perform the search for Yersinia enterocolitica in food samples collected from Apulia and Basilicata regions (Southern Italy) and to characterize any isolates by classical and modern analytical methods. A total of 130 samples were analyzed between July 2018 and July 2019: most of them were raw milk and dairy products made from it. Furthermore, 8 out of 130 samples were individual milk samples collected from bovines reared in a Brucella-free farm which showed false positive serological reaction for brucellosis due to the presence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O:9 biotype 2 in faeces. The Real Time PCR targeting the ail gene and the culture method were performed to detect pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. Isolates were subjected to API 20E (Biomerieux) and MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight) for species identification. All samples were negative for the ail gene. The culture method allowed to isolate suspicious colonies from 28 samples. The API 20E system and the MALDI-TOF MS technique identified 20 Y. enterocolitica and 1 Y. intermedia in a concordant way. The remaining 7 strains were all identified as Y. enterocolitica by the API 20E system, while the MALDI-TOF MS recognized 4 Y. intermedia, 1 Y. bercovieri and 2 Y. massiliensis. Genotypic characterization of the discordant strains was performed by rMLST and it confirmed the MALDI-TOF MS’ results. Only non-pathogenic Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains were found, although with a non-negligible prevalence (P = 0.15 with CI 95% = ± 0.06). This study indicates a poor circulation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in food products made and marketed in the investigated areas. However, the small number of samples, insufficient for some food categories such as meat and vegetable, does not allow to exclude the presence of pathogenic strains at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emanuela Mancini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Matteo Beverelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Adelia Donatiello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Didonna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Dattoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Faleo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gilda Occhiochiuso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenico Galante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valeria Rondinone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Del Sambro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelica Bianco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Miccolupo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elisa Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
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Host Range, Morphology and Sequence Analysis of Ten Temperate Phages Isolated from Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126779. [PMID: 35743219 PMCID: PMC9224151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterogeneous species comprising highly pathogenic, weakly pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Previous data suggest that gene exchange may occur in Yersinia. Only scarce information exists about temperate phages of Y. enterocolitica, even though many prophage sequences are present in this species. We have examined 102 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains for the presence of inducible prophages by mitomycin C treatment. Ten phages were isolated from nine strains belonging to the bio (B)/serotypes (O) B2/O:5,27, B2/O:9 and 1B/O:8. All phages are myoviruses showing lytic activity only at room temperature. Whole-genome sequencing of the phage genomes revealed that they belong to three groups, which, however, are not closely related to known phages. Group 1 is composed of five phages (type phage: vB_YenM_06.16.1) with genome sizes of 43.8 to 44.9 kb, whereas the four group 2 phages (type phage: vB_YenM_06.16.2) possess smaller genomes of 29.5 to 33.2 kb. Group 3 contains only one phage (vB_YenM_42.18) whose genome has a size of 36.5 kb, which is moderately similar to group 2. The host range of the phages differed significantly. While group 1 phages almost exclusively lysed strains of B2/O:5,27, phages of group 2 and 3 were additionally able to lyse B4/O:3, and some of them even B2/O:9 and 1B/O:8 strains.
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Prevalence, virulence determinants, and genetic diversity in Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from slaughtered pigs and pig carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 376:109756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Characterisation of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from wildlife in the northwestern Italian Alps. J Vet Res 2022; 66:141-149. [PMID: 35892105 PMCID: PMC9281523 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yersiniosis is a zoonosis causing gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, and occasionally reactive arthritis and septicaemia. Cases are often linked to meat consumption and the most common aetiological agent is the Gram-negative bacilliform Yersinia enterocolitica bacterium. The occurrence of Yersinia spp. among wild animals has mostly been studied in wild boar, but it has seldom been in other species. Material and Methods A total of 1,868 faecal samples from animals found dead or hunted were collected between 2015 and 2018 in the Valle d’Aosta region of the northwestern Italian Alps. Alpine ibex faecal samples were collected during a health monitoring program in 2018. Bacteria were isolated via PCR and confirmed as Y. enterocolitica biochemically. Strain antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion, and the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes was investigated using whole-genome sequencing. Results Yersinia enterocolitica strains of biotype 1A were detected in six faecal samples from red deer (0.93%), roe deer (0.49%) and red foxes (0.7%). Strains found in beech martens (3.57%) and Alpine ibex (2.77%) belonged to biotypes 1B and 5, respectively and harboured the pYPTS01 plasmid that had only been detected in Y. pseudotuberculosis PB1/+. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin. Conclusion The biovar 1A strains exhibited different virulence factors and behaved like non-pathogenic commensals. The strain from an Alpine ibex also harboured the self-transmissible pYE854 plasmid that can mobilise itself and the pYPTS01 plasmid to other strains. The beech marten could be considered a sentinel animal for Y. enterocolitica. Phenotypic resistance may account for the ability of all the strains to resist β-lactams.
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Toxigenic Properties of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020118. [PMID: 35202145 PMCID: PMC8877543 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, an etiological agent of yersiniosis, is a bacterium whose pathogenicity is determined, among other things, by its ability to produce toxins. The aim of this article was to present the most important toxins that are produced by biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica, and to discuss their role in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis. Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains are able to synthesize variants of thermostable YST enterotoxin and play a key role in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis. Biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica also produce Y. enterocolitica pore-forming toxins, YaxA and YaxB. These toxins form pores in the cell membrane of host target cells and cause osmotic lysis, which is of particular importance in systemic infections. Insecticidal toxin complex genes have been detected in some clinical biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica. However, their role has not yet been fully elucidated. Strains belonging to biotype 1A have long been considered non-pathogenic. This view is beginning to change due to the emerging knowledge about the toxigenic potential of these bacteria and their ability to overcome the defense barriers of the host organism.
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Site-specific ubiquitination of MLKL targets it to endosomes and targets Listeria and Yersinia to the lysosomes. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:306-322. [PMID: 34999730 PMCID: PMC8816944 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) by the protein kinase RIPK3 targets MLKL to the cell membrane, where it triggers necroptotic cell death. We report that conjugation of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains to distinct lysine residues in the N-terminal HeLo domain of phosphorylated MLKL (facilitated by the ubiquitin ligase ITCH that binds MLKL via a WW domain) targets MLKL instead to endosomes. This results in the release of phosphorylated MLKL within extracellular vesicles. It also prompts enhanced endosomal trafficking of intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica to the lysosomes, resulting in decreased bacterial yield. Thus, MLKL can be directed by specific covalent modifications to differing subcellular sites, whence it signals either for cell death or for non-deadly defense mechanisms.
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Terentjeva M, Ķibilds J, Meistere I, Gradovska S, Alksne L, Streikiša M, Ošmjana J, Valciņa O. Virulence Determinants and Genetic Diversity of Yersinia Species Isolated from Retail Meat. Pathogens 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 35055985 PMCID: PMC8778217 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is an important foodborne pathogen, and the determination of its virulence factors and genetic diversity within the food chain could help understand the epidemiology of yersiniosis. The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence, and characterize the virulence determinants and genetic diversity, of Yersinia species isolated from meat. A total of 330 samples of retailed beef (n = 150) and pork (n = 180) in Latvia were investigated with culture and molecular methods. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was applied for the detection of virulence and genetic diversity. The antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica isolates was detected in accordance with EUCAST. Yersinia species were isolated from 24% (79/330) of meats, and the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in pork (24%, 44/180) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in beef (13%, 19/150). Y. enterocolitica pathogenic bioserovars 2/O:9 and 4/O:3 were isolated from pork samples (3%, 6/180). Only resistance to ampicillin was confirmed in Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 and 2/O:9 isolates, but not in other antimicrobials. Major virulence determinants, including ail, inv, virF, ystA and myfA, were confirmed with WGS in Y. enterocolitica 2/O:9 and 4/O:3. MLST typing revealed 15 STs (sequence types) of Y. enterocolitica with ST12 and ST18, which were associated with pathogenic bioserovars. For Y. enterocolitica 1A, Y. kristensenii, Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii, novel STs were registered (ST680-688). The presence of virulence genes and genetic characteristics of certain Y. enterocolitica STs confirm the common knowledge that pork could be an important source of pathogenic Yersinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Terentjeva
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Silva Gradovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Jevgēnija Ošmjana
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Olga Valciņa
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Response to Intracellular Pathogens: Protection Versus Immunopathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:775554. [PMID: 34938670 PMCID: PMC8685334 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.775554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous group of cytokine-producing lymphocytes which are predominantly located at mucosal barrier surfaces, such as skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. ILCs contribute to tissue homeostasis, regulate microbiota-derived signals, and protect against mucosal pathogens. ILCs are classified into five major groups by their developmental origin and distinct cytokine production. A recently emerged intriguing feature of ILCs is their ability to alter their phenotype and function in response to changing local environmental cues such as pathogen invasion. Once the pathogen crosses host barriers, ILCs quickly activate cytokine production to limit the spread of the pathogen. However, the dysregulated ILC responses can lead to tissue inflammation and damage. Furthermore, the interplay between ILCs and other immune cell types shapes the outcome of the immune response. Recent studies highlighted the important role of ILCs for host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms controlling protective and pathogenic ILC responses to intracellular pathogens. This knowledge can help develop new ILC-targeted strategies to control infectious diseases and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Hammerl JA, Barac A, Erben P, Fuhrmann J, Gadicherla A, Kumsteller F, Lauckner A, Müller F, Hertwig S. Properties of Two Broad Host Range Phages of Yersinia enterocolitica Isolated from Wild Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11381. [PMID: 34768812 PMCID: PMC8583763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are important zoonotic agents which can infect both humans and animals. To combat these pathogens, the application of strictly lytic phages may be a promising tool. Since only few Yersinia phages have been described yet, some of which demonstrated a high specificity for certain serotypes, we isolated two phages from game animals and characterized them in terms of their morphology, host specificity, lytic activity on two bio-/serotypes and genome composition. The T7-related podovirus vB_YenP_Rambo and the myovirus vB_YenM_P281, which is very similar to a previously described phage PY100, showed a broad host range. Together, they lysed all the 62 tested pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains belonging to the most important bio-/serotypes in Europe. A cocktail containing these two phages strongly reduced cultures of a bio-/serotype B4/O:3 and a B2/O:9 strain, even at very low MOIs (multiplicity of infection) and different temperatures, though, lysis of bio-/serotype B2/O:9 by vB_YenM_P281 and also by the related phage PY100 only occurred at 37 °C. Both phages were additionally able to lyse various Y. pseudotuberculosis strains at 28 °C and 37 °C, but only when the growth medium was supplemented with calcium and magnesium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Hertwig
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (J.A.H.); (A.B.); (P.E.); (J.F.); (A.G.); (F.K.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
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Platt-Samoraj A, Kończyk-Kmiecik K, Bakuła T. Occurrence and Genetic Correlations of Yersinia spp. Isolated from Commensal Rodents in Northeastern Poland. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101247. [PMID: 34684196 PMCID: PMC8537150 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents can be a potential Yersinia spp. vector responsible for farm facilities contamination. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Yersinia spp. in commensal rodents found in the farms and fodder factory areas to characterize the obtained isolates and epidemiological risk. Intestinal samples were subjected to bacteriological, bioserotype, and PCR examination for virulence markers ail, ystA, ystB, and inv presence. Yersinia spp. was isolated from 43 out of 244 (17.6%) rodents (Apodemus agrarius n = 132, Mus musculus n = 102, Apodemus sylvaticus n = 8, Rattus norvegicus n = 2). Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 41 rodents (16.8%), and from one Y. pseudotuberculosis and one Y. kristensenii. In three cases, two Y. enterocolitica isolates were obtained from one rodent. All Y. enetrocolitica contained ystB and belonged to biotype 1A, considered as potentially pathogenic. One isolate additionally had the ail gene typical for pathogenic strains. The sequence analysis of the ystB, ail, and inv fragments showed a high similarity to those from clinical cases. The current study revealed a high prevalence of Y. enetrocolitica among commensal rodents, but the classification of all of Y. enterocolitica isolates into biotype 1A and the sporadic isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis do not indicate a high epidemiological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Platt-Samoraj
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13 Str., 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudia Kończyk-Kmiecik
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13 Str., 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Bakuła
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13 Str., 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Engberg J, Vejrum LK, Madsen TV, Nielsen XC. Verification of analytical bacterial spectrum of QIAstat-Dx® GI V2 and Novodiag® Bacterial GE+ V2-0 diagnostic panels. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:iii50-iii57. [PMID: 34555154 PMCID: PMC8460093 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Implementing multiplex PCR or syndromic panel-based testing platforms to detect microbial species that cause acute diarrhoea may guide patient management more effectively and efficiently. Objectives To assess and compare the performance of two syndromic panel-based testing systems, QIAstat-Dx® Gastrointestinal Panel V2 (QGI) and the Novodiag® Bacterial GE+ V2-0 (NGE). Methods The QGI and NGE panels include 16 and 14 bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens, respectively. The performance of the panels was tested retrospectively using 141 positive clinical stool specimens, External Quality Assessment (EQA) panels and spiked faecal specimens. Results For Campylobacter jejuni and coli (n = 20), Salmonella (n = 24), Shigella (n = 13), Yersinia enterocolitica (non-1A biotypes) (n = 8), Clostridioides difficile (n = 24) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 2), QGI correctly verified 19/20, 20/24, 13/13, 8/8, 23/24 and 2/2, whereas NGE correctly verified 20/20, 17/24, 13/13, 8/8, 14/24 and 1/2. Among diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (n = 29), QGI reported one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) stx1a O26:H11 as STEC serotype O157:H7 and NGE failed on one enteropathogenic E. coli, one enteroaggregative E. coli and one STEC (stx2e). Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A (non-pathogenic) (n = 6) were all positive in QGI, but negative in NGE. Conclusions Both QGI and NGE testing panels can improve laboratory workflow and patient management by providing user-friendly platforms that can rapidly detect a number of targets with one specimen. QGI was significantly more sensitive in identifying C. difficile. Both methods had suboptimal detection of Salmonella and this needs to be examined further. The short hands-on time and turnaround time are of value for on-demand testing and use in a high-throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Engberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Ingemannsvej 46, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Laus Krems Vejrum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Ingemannsvej 46, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tina Vasehus Madsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Ingemannsvej 46, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Xiaohui Chen Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Ingemannsvej 46, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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Imnadze T, Malania L, Chakvetadze N, Burjanadze I, Abazashvili N, Zhgenti E, Sidamonidze K, Khmaladze E, Martashvili V, Tsertsvadze N, Imnadze P, Kandaurov A, Arner RJ, Motin V, Kosoy M. Evidence of Extensive Circulation of Yersinia enterocolitica in Rodents and Shrews in Natural Habitats from Retrospective and Perspective Studies in South Caucasus. Pathogens 2021; 10:939. [PMID: 34451404 PMCID: PMC8400892 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica culture-positive rodents and shrews were reported in different territories across Georgia during 14 of 17 years of investigations conducted for the period of 1981-1997. In total, Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 2052 rodents (15 species) and 33 shrews. Most isolates were obtained from Microtus arvalis, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Apodemus spp. During the prospective study (2017-2019), isolates of Yersinia-like bacteria were cultured from 53 rodents collected in four parts of Georgia. All the Yersinia-like isolates were confirmed as Y. enterocolitica based on the API 20E and the BD Phenix50 tests. Whole-genome (WG) sequencing of five rodents and one shrew strain of Y. enterocolitica revealed that they possessed a set of virulence genes characteristic of the potentially pathogenic strains of biogroup 1A. All isolates lacked distinguished virulence determinants for YstA, Ail, TccC, VirF, and virulence plasmid pYV but carried the genes for YstB, YmoA, HemPR-HmuVSTU, YaxAB, PhlA, PldA, ArsCBR, and a flagellar apparatus. One strain contained a gene highly homologous to heat-labile enterotoxin, a chain of E. coli, a function not previously described for Y. enterocolitica. The WG single-nucleotide polymorphism-based typing placed the isolates in four distinct phylogenetic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tata Imnadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lile Malania
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Neli Chakvetadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Irma Burjanadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Natalia Abazashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ekaterine Zhgenti
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ketevan Sidamonidze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ekaterine Khmaladze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Vakhtang Martashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Nikoloz Tsertsvadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Paata Imnadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andrei Kandaurov
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Ryan J. Arner
- Ryan Arner Science Consulting LLC, Freeport, PA 16229, USA;
| | - Vladimir Motin
- Department of Pathology, University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF FECAL BACTERIAL ENTERIC PATHOGEN CULTURES IN MAMMALS WITHIN A ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION AND THE USE OF FECAL CYTOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTING. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:638-647. [PMID: 34130407 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the diagnostic value of fecal bacterial enteric pathogen cultures (FBEPC) as part of routine preventive medicine protocols in terrestrial mammals housed in a zoological collection, this study investigated the clinical utility of FBEPC results in context of subsequent clinical actions and how its use was rationalized after adjunct use of fecal cytology as a first-line diagnostic tool. Retrospective results (n = 692) that included a routine FBEPC panel of a commercial diagnostic laboratory, including Aeromonas, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Plesiomonas, Shigella, Yersinia, and Edwardsiella, of 417 mammals were organized into preventive (P; n = 485), diagnostic (D; n = 177), or recheck (R; n = 30) samples; for P and D samples, findings were assigned a "clinical significance factor" of 1 to 5 according to culture results and subsequent clinical actions. A score of 3 or higher indicated positive growth of potentially pathogenic bacterial organisms, of which there were 50 FBEPC (P n = 27, D n = 20, R n = 3). The difference in mean clinical significance factor for P versus D samples was significant. Aeromonas spp. were most frequently isolated (n = 32), followed by Salmonella spp. (n = 8) and Plesiomonas shigelloides (n = 8), then Campylobacter spp. (n = 5). There was no growth of Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella spp., or Edwardsiella spp. In the absence of clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disease, treatment was initiated in only two cases with isolated Campylobacter spp. Implementation of fecal cytology as an initial step in fecal evaluation resulted in a prompt, substantial reduction in number of ordered FBEPC (mean n = 12/month before and n = 5/month after implementation). The findings in this study suggest that FBEPC for these bacterial species has limited value as a screening tool in preventive medicine protocols for the mammalian orders best represented in this study. The use of fecal cytology led to a more targeted and cost-effective use of FBEPC. Fecal cytology as an initial step in preventative and diagnostic testing protocols is recommended.
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Karlsson PA, Tano E, Jernberg C, Hickman RA, Guy L, Järhult JD, Wang H. Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Yersinia enterocolitica From Foodborne Outbreaks in Sweden. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664665. [PMID: 34054769 PMCID: PMC8155512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica causes gastrointestinal infections worldwide. In the spring of 2019, the Swedish Public Health Agency and Statens Serum Institut in Denmark independently identified an outbreak caused by Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 that after sequence comparison turned out to be a cross-border outbreak. A trace-back investigation suggested shipments of fresh prewashed spinach from Italy as a common source for the outbreak. Here, we determined the genome sequences of five Y. enterocolitica clinical isolates during the Swedish outbreak using a combination of Illumina HiSeq short-read and Nanopore Technologies’ MinION long-read whole-genome sequencing. WGS results showed that all clinical strains have a fully assembled chromosome of approximately 4.6 Mbp in size and a 72-kbp virulence plasmid; one of the strains was carrying an additional 5.7-kbp plasmid, pYE-tet. All strains showed a high pathogen probability score (87.5%) with associated genes for virulence, all of which are closely related to an earlier clinical strain Y11 from Germany. In addition, we identified a chromosomally encoded multidrug-resistance cassette carrying resistance genes against chloramphenicol (catA1), streptomycin (aadA1), sulfonamides (sul1), and a mercury resistance module. This chromosomally encoded Tn2670 transposon has previously been reported associated with IncFII plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae: a Shigella flexneri clinical isolate from Japan in 1950s, a Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak from Australia in 1997, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Interestingly, we identified an additional 5.7-kbp plasmid with tetB (encoding an ABC transporter), Rep, and its own ORI and ORIt sites, sharing high homology with small tetB-Rep plasmids from Pasteurellaceae. This is the first time that Tn2670 and Pasteurellaceae plasmids have been reported in Y. enterocolitica. Taken together, our study showed that the Swedish Y. enterocolitica outbreak strains acquired multi-antibiotic and metal-resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer, suggesting a potential reservoir of intraspecies dissemination of multidrug-resistance genes among foodborne pathogens. This study also highlights the concern of food-chain contamination of prewashed vegetables as a perpetual hazard against public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Tano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Rachel A Hickman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lionel Guy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josef D Järhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helen Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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On SLW, Zhang Y, Gehring A, Patsekin V, Chelikani V, Flint S, Wang H, Billington C, Fletcher GC, Lindsay J, Robinson JP. Elastic Light Scatter Pattern Analysis for the Expedited Detection of Yersinia Species in Pork Mince: Proof of Concept. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641801. [PMID: 33679677 PMCID: PMC7928378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of the pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from foods typically rely on slow (10–21 day) “cold enrichment” protocols before confirmed results are obtained. We describe an approach that yields results in 39 h that combines an alternative enrichment method with culture on a non-selective medium, and subsequent identification of suspect colonies using elastic light scatter (ELS) analysis. A prototype database of ELS profiles from five Yersinia species and six other bacterial genera found in pork mince was established, and used to compare similar profiles of colonies obtained from enrichment cultures from pork mince samples seeded with representative strains of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The presumptive identification by ELS using computerised or visual analyses of 83/90 colonies in these experiments as the target species was confirmed by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. In addition to seeded cultures, our method recovered two naturally occurring Yersinia strains. Our results indicate that modified enrichment combined with ELS is a promising new approach for expedited detection of foodborne pathogenic yersiniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L W On
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Gehring
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Valery Patsekin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Venkata Chelikani
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Craig Billington
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Graham C Fletcher
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Lindsay
- Agricultural Research Service, Office of National Programs, USDA, Washington, DC, United States
| | - J Paul Robinson
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Prevalence, Virulence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes in European Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) Hunted in Tuscany (Central Italy). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020093. [PMID: 33498307 PMCID: PMC7909251 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild boar is an animal the population of which constantly increases in Europe. This animal plays an important role as a reservoir for several pathogens, including three of the most important zoonoses: salmonellosis, yersiniosis and listeriosis. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant and virulence factor genes of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from wild boar in Tuscany (Central Italy). During two consequent hunting seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020), rectal swabs, spleens and livers were collected from 287 hunted wild boar to isolate strains. Each isolate was tested to investigate its antimicrobial resistance and to detect virulence factor genes by PCR. Eighteen Salmonella strains (6.27%) were isolated. Of these, 66.7% were resistant to streptomycin, 13.4% to cephalothin, 6.67% to imipenem and one isolate (6.67%) was resistant simultaneously to five antimicrobials. Moreover, the most detected genes were sopE (73.4%), pipB (66.7%), sodCI (53.3%), spvR and spvC (46.7%). In total, 54 (17.8%) Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated; of them, 26 (48.1%), 9 (16.7%), 17 (31.5%), 1 (1.85%) and 1 (1.85%) belonged to biotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. All strains (100%) demonstrated resistance to cephalothin and 70.4% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 55.6% to ampicillin, and 37.0% to cefoxitin. Additionally, the most detected genes were ystA (25.9%), inv (24.1%), ail (22.2%), ystB (18.5%) and virF (14.8%). Finally, only one Listeriamonocytogenes isolate (0.35%) was obtained, belonging to serogroup IVb, serovar 4b, and it was found to be resistant to cefoxitin, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid. The results highlighted the role of wild boar as a carrier for pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogens, representing a possible reservoir for domestic animals and human pathogens.
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Naphthoquinones inhibit formation and viability of Yersinia enterocolitica biofilm. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Morka K, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Schubert J, Dudek B, Woźniak-Biel A, Kuczkowski M, Wieliczko A, Bystroń J, Bania J, Bugla-Płoskońska G. Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Virulence-Associated Genes in Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-Like Isolates from Humans and Animals in Poland. Pathogens 2021; 10:65. [PMID: 33450948 PMCID: PMC7828411 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica, widespread within domestic and wild-living animals, is a foodborne pathogen causing yersiniosis. The goal of this study was to assess a genetic similarity of Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like strains isolated from different hosts using Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) methods, and analyze the prevalence of virulence genes using multiplex-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Among 51 Yersinia sp. strains 20 virulotypes were determined. The most common virulence genes were ymoA, ureC, inv, myfA, and yst. Yersinia sp. strains had genes which may contribute to the bacterial invasion and colonization of the intestines as well as survival in serum. One wild boar Y. enterocolitica 1A strain possessed ail gene implying the possible pathogenicity of 1A biotype. Wild boar strains, represented mainly by 1A biotype, were not classified into the predominant Variable-Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR)/PFGE profile and virulotype. There was a clustering tendency among VNTR/PFGE profiles of pig origin, 4/O:3, and virulence profile. Pig and human strains formed the most related group, characterized by ~80% of genetic similarity what suggest the role of pigs as a potential source of infection for the pork consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Morka
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Justyna Schubert
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Bartłomiej Dudek
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, S. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Woźniak-Biel
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Maciej Kuczkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Alina Wieliczko
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Jarosław Bystroń
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacek Bania
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, S. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
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Peruzy MF, Aponte M, Proroga YTR, Capuano F, Cristiano D, Delibato E, Houf K, Murru N. Yersinia enterocolitica detection in pork products: Evaluation of isolation protocols. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103593. [PMID: 32950135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for Yersinia enterocolitica detection in food samples are generally considered inadequate. Problems arise from the presence of the so-called "background flora", coupled to the low contamination level of the pathogen. Since, data on the microbial ecology occurring in competitive microflora are still lacking, MALDI TOF MS was used for strains 'identification after enrichment in PSB or ITC broths, and after plating on selective CIN medium at different incubation times. SYBR Green Real time PCR was used for the Y. enterocolitica strains' detection (4/O:3, 1A/O:5) in experimentally contaminated foods, as well as in naturally contaminated samples. A higher number of different bacterial genera (10 on CIN and 18 on PCA) was recorded after enrichment in PSB, whilst enrichment in ITC led to recovery of 6 and 10 genera on CIN and PCA, respectively. Yersiniaceae was the dominant family on the first day of incubation, but on the second day the percentage of isolation considerably decreased. By testing experimentally contaminated samples, substantial difficulties were encountered. The biotype 1A was always detected, whereas strain 4/O:3 proved to be poorly competitive. Based on the data, the enrichment media PSB and ITC, currently proposed for Y. enterocolitica detection, need to be improved to promote a successful pathogen's recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Peruzy
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Aponte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Y T R Proroga
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Naples, Italy.
| | - F Capuano
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - D Cristiano
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - E Delibato
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - K Houf
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Murru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
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Whelan R, McVicker G, Leo JC. Staying out or Going in? The Interplay between Type 3 and Type 5 Secretion Systems in Adhesion and Invasion of Enterobacterial Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4102. [PMID: 32521829 PMCID: PMC7312957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric pathogens rely on a variety of toxins, adhesins and other virulence factors to cause infections. Some of the best studied pathogens belong to the Enterobacterales order; these include enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., and the enteropathogenic Yersiniae. The pathogenesis of these organisms involves two different secretion systems, a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and type 5 secretion systems (T5SSs). The T3SS forms a syringe-like structure spanning both bacterial membranes and the host cell plasma membrane that translocates toxic effector proteins into the cytoplasm of the host cell. T5SSs are also known as autotransporters, and they export part of their own polypeptide to the bacterial cell surface where it exerts its function, such as adhesion to host cell receptors. During infection with these enteropathogens, the T3SS and T5SS act in concert to bring about rearrangements of the host cell cytoskeleton, either to invade the cell, confer intracellular motility, evade phagocytosis or produce novel structures to shelter the bacteria. Thus, in these bacteria, not only the T3SS effectors but also T5SS proteins could be considered "cytoskeletoxins" that bring about profound alterations in host cell cytoskeletal dynamics and lead to pathogenic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack C. Leo
- Antimicrobial Resistance, Omics and Microbiota Group, Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (R.W.); (G.M.)
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Thibau A, Dichter AA, Vaca DJ, Linke D, Goldman A, Kempf VAJ. Immunogenicity of trimeric autotransporter adhesins and their potential as vaccine targets. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:243-263. [PMID: 31788746 PMCID: PMC7247748 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current problem of increasing antibiotic resistance and the resurgence of numerous infections indicate the need for novel vaccination strategies more than ever. In vaccine development, the search for and the selection of adequate vaccine antigens is the first important step. In recent years, bacterial outer membrane proteins have become of major interest, as they are the main proteins interacting with the extracellular environment. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are important virulence factors in many Gram-negative bacteria, are localised on the bacterial surface, and mediate the first adherence to host cells in the course of infection. One example is the Neisseria adhesin A (NadA), which is currently used as a subunit in a licensed vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis. Other TAAs that seem promising vaccine candidates are the Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter (Ata), the Haemophilus influenzae adhesin (Hia), and TAAs of the genus Bartonella. Here, we review the suitability of various TAAs as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Thibau
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Dichter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diana J. Vaca
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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38
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Di Marco N, Pungitore C, Lucero‐Estrada C. Aporphinoid alkaloids inhibit biofilm formation of
Yersinia enterocolitica
isolated from sausages. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1029-1042. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Di Marco
- Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTEQUI‐ CONICET) San Luis Argentina
- Química Orgánica Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina
| | - C.R. Pungitore
- Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTEQUI‐ CONICET) San Luis Argentina
- Química Orgánica Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina
| | - C.S.M. Lucero‐Estrada
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMIBIO‐SL‐CONICET) San Luis Argentina
- Microbiología General Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina
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39
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Silva JE, Mayordomo AC, Dave MN, Aguilera Merlo C, Eliçabe RJ, Di Genaro MS. Dendritic Cells of Mesenteric and Regional Lymph Nodes Contribute to Yersinia enterocolitica O:3-Induced Reactive Arthritis in TNFRp55-/- Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1859-1868. [PMID: 32122996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) participate in the pathogenesis of several diseases. We investigated DCs and the connection between mucosa and joints in a murine model of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3-induced reactive arthritis (ReA) in TNFRp55-/- mice. DCs of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and joint regional lymph nodes (RLN) were analyzed in TNFRp55-/- and wild-type mice. On day 14 after Y. enterocolitica infection (arthritis onset), we found that under TNFRp55 deficiency, migratory (MHChighCD11c+) DCs increased significantly in RLN. Within these RLN, resident (MHCintCD11c+) DCs increased on days 14 and 21. Similar changes in both migratory and resident DCs were also detected on day 14 in MLN of TNFRp55-/- mice. In vitro, LPS-stimulated migratory TNFRp55-/- DCs of MLN increased IL-12/23p40 compared with wild-type mice. In addition, TNFRp55-/- bone marrow-derived DCs in a TNFRp55-/- MLN microenvironment exhibited higher expression of CCR7 after Y. enterocolitica infection. The major intestinal DC subsets (CD103+CD11b-, CD103-CD11b+, and CD103+CD11b+) were found in the RLN of Y. enterocolitica-infected TNFRp55-/- mice. Fingolimod (FTY720) treatment of Y. enterocolitica-infected mice reduced the CD11b- subset of migratory DCs in RLN of TNFRp55-/- mice and significantly suppressed the severity of ReA in these mice. This result was associated with decreased articular IL-12/23p40 and IFN-γ levels. In vitro FTY720 treatment downregulated CCR7 on Y. enterocolitica-infected bone marrow-derived DCs and purified MLN DCs, which may explain the mechanism underlying the impairment of DCs in RLN induced by FTY720. Taken together, data indicate the migration of intestinal DCs to RLN and the contribution of these cells in the immunopathogenesis of ReA, which may provide evidence for controlling this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Silva
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Andrea C Mayordomo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mabel N Dave
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Claudia Aguilera Merlo
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and
| | - Ricardo J Eliçabe
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - María S Di Genaro
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and .,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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40
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Bozcal E. A general view on virulence determinants and infection strategies of Yersinia enterocolitica. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.19.02582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Söderlund R, Skarin H, Börjesson S, Sannö A, Jernberg T, Aspán A, Ågren EO, Hansson I. Prevalence and genomic characteristics of zoonotic gastro-intestinal pathogens and ESBL/pAmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae among Swedish corvid birds. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2019; 9:1701399. [PMID: 32002147 PMCID: PMC6968639 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2019.1701399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Wild birds pose a potential threat to animal and human health by spreading infectious diseases. In the present study, we studied the occurrence of bacterial zoonotic pathogens as well as enterobacteria with transferrable antimicrobial resistance genes among Swedish corvids. Materials and methods: Intestines from 66 jackdaws, crows, rooks and magpies from the vicinity of livestock farms at 14 locations in 7 counties were analysed by direct culture or PCR screening followed by culture. Isolates were investigated by whole-genome sequencing. Results and discussion: Campylobacter jejuni were detected in 82% and Yersinia in 3% of the birds. ESBL-producing E. coli were found in one sample (2%) and carried bla CTX-M-55. No Enterobacteriaceae with transferable carbapenem resistance were identified. No Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 were found, but PCR analysis for enterohaemorrhagic E. coli virulence genes revealed 35% positive samples for intimin, 9% for verotoxin 1 and 17% for verotoxin 2. C. jejuni isolates from corvids were compared to previously published isolates from Swedish sources by multi-locus sequence typing based on genome sequences. All corvid C. jejuni isolates formed a cluster, intermingled with human and chicken isolates. Our results indicate that C. jejuni is ubiquitous among Swedish corvid birds, with sporadic transmission to poultry and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Söderlund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Skarin
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Axel Sannö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Therese Jernberg
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Aspán
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik O. Ågren
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansson
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gkouletsos T, Patas K, Lambrinidis G, Neubauer H, Sprague LD, Ioannidis A, Chatzipanagiotou S. Antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica and presence of plasmid pYV virulence genes in human and animal isolates. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 32:100604. [PMID: 31719995 PMCID: PMC6838977 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bacterial virulence and antimicrobial resistance are of increasing interest in clinical microbiology. On this account, antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 strains isolated from humans (n = 55), food-chain animals (n = 58) and companion animals (n = 13) was determined in relation to the absence or presence of the pYV plasmid-encoded virulence genes yadA and virF. There were no statistically significant associations between the rate of antimicrobial resistance and the presence or absence of the plasmid, in either human-derived or animal-derived strains. Therefore, it can be concluded that response to conventionally used antimicrobials in Y. enterocolitica O:3 strains is not dependent on pYV-encoded virulence determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gkouletsos
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - K Patas
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - G Lambrinidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - H Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institut for Animal Health, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - L D Sprague
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institut for Animal Health, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - A Ioannidis
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - S Chatzipanagiotou
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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43
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Ducarmon QR, Zwittink RD, Hornung BVH, van Schaik W, Young VB, Kuijper EJ. Gut Microbiota and Colonization Resistance against Bacterial Enteric Infection. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2019; 83:e00007-19. [PMID: 31167904 PMCID: PMC6710460 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00007-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is critical in providing resistance against colonization by exogenous microorganisms. The mechanisms via which the gut microbiota provide colonization resistance (CR) have not been fully elucidated, but they include secretion of antimicrobial products, nutrient competition, support of gut barrier integrity, and bacteriophage deployment. However, bacterial enteric infections are an important cause of disease globally, indicating that microbiota-mediated CR can be disturbed and become ineffective. Changes in microbiota composition, and potential subsequent disruption of CR, can be caused by various drugs, such as antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, antidiabetics, and antipsychotics, thereby providing opportunities for exogenous pathogens to colonize the gut and ultimately cause infection. In addition, the most prevalent bacterial enteropathogens, including Clostridioides difficile, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes, can employ a wide array of mechanisms to overcome colonization resistance. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on how the gut microbiota can mediate colonization resistance against bacterial enteric infection and on how bacterial enteropathogens can overcome this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Ducarmon
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R D Zwittink
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - B V H Hornung
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - W van Schaik
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - V B Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - E J Kuijper
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden, Netherlands
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Kiani P, Bakhshi B, Soltan-Dallal MM, Najar-Peerayeh S. Heterogeneity of Highly Susceptible Yersinia enterocolitica Isolates of Clinical and Environmental Origin: A 5-Year Survey from Iran (2011-2016). Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:46-53. [PMID: 31414976 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance and virulence characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica strains of clinical and environmental origins over a 5-year period in Iran and to determine the genetic diversity of strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. A total of 20 Y. enterocolitica strains were collected from 850 stool samples of patients with diarrhea, and 18 Yersinia spp. including 10 Y. enterocolitica were collected from water, food, and vegetable samples. The most frequently isolated Y. enterocolitica strains belonged to biotype (BT) 1A (83.33%). No Y. enterocolitica BT4 was detected that can be attributed to the absence of pig animal reservoir in Iranian food chain. The most frequent chromosomal virulence genes among the Y. enterocolitica isolates were inv (100%), ystA (67%), ystB (83%), tccC (20%), and ail (17%). The most frequent chromosomal virulence genes among non-enterocolitica Yersinia spp. isolates were ystB (87.5%), ystA (37.5%), and inv (37.5%). None of the Y. enterocolitica isolates harbored plasmid origin virulence genes. None of the isolates was resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol, whereas 90% of the Y. enterocolitica and 62.5% of the Yersinia spp. strains were resistant to ampicillin. PFGE genotyping showed a heterogeneous population of highly susceptible Yersinia spp. in both clinical and environmental samples, putting forward a good prognosis in the treatment of patients with yersiniosis. The occurrence of biotype 1A with inv+ystA+ystB+ genotype in clinical strains implies the significance of inv, ystA, and ystB gene products in turning of naturally nonpathogenic biotype 1A strains into clinically important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kiani
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan-Dallal
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Yersinia hibernica sp. nov., isolated from pig-production environments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:2023-2027. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Identification and typing of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from human clinical specimens in England between 2004 and 2018. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:538-548. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Shoaib M, Shehzad A, Raza H, Niazi S, Khan IM, Akhtar W, Safdar W, Wang Z. A comprehensive review on the prevalence, pathogenesis and detection ofYersinia enterocolitica. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41010-41021. [PMID: 35540058 PMCID: PMC9076465 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06988g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety is imperative for a healthy life, but pathogens are still posing a significant life threat. “Yersiniosis” is caused by a pathogen named Yersinia enterocolitica and is characterized by diarrheal, ileitis, and mesenteric lymphadenitis types of sicknesses. This neglected pathogen starts its pathogenic activity by colonizing inside the intestinal tract of the host upon the ingestion of contaminated food. Y. enterocolitica remains a challenge for researchers and food handlers due to its growth habits, low concentrations in samples, morphological similarities with other bacteria and lack of rapid, cost-effective, and accurate detection methods. In this review, we presented recent information about its prevalence, biology, pathogenesis, and existing cultural, immunological, and molecular detection approaches. Our ultimate goal is to provide updated knowledge regarding this pathogen for the development of quick, effective, automated, and sensitive detection methods for the systematic detection of Y. enterocolitica. Food safety is imperative for a healthy life, but pathogens are still posing a significant life threat.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- UniLaSalle
- Transformations & Agroressources Research Unit
- France
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
- FFNHS
| | - Husnain Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
| | - Sobia Niazi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
| | - Imran Mahmood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Waseem Safdar
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences
- The University of Lahore-Islamabad Campus
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
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Mastrodonato AC, Favier GI, Lucero Estrada CSM, Vidal R, Escudero ME. Bioserotypes, virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic diversity ofYersinia enterocoliticaisolates from Argentina and Chile. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Mastrodonato
- Microbiologia Area Faculty of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950 Bloque 1 Piso 1, 5700; San Luis Argentina
| | - Gabriela I. Favier
- Microbiologia Area Faculty of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950 Bloque 1 Piso 1, 5700; San Luis Argentina
| | - Cecilia S. M. Lucero Estrada
- Microbiologia Area Faculty of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950 Bloque 1 Piso 1, 5700; San Luis Argentina
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Researches of San Luis National Council of Scientific and Technological Researches (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET); San Luis Argentina
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Microbiology and Mycology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - María E. Escudero
- Microbiologia Area Faculty of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950 Bloque 1 Piso 1, 5700; San Luis Argentina
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