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Ru S, Sanz-Saez A, Leisner CP, Rehman T, Busby S. Review on blueberry drought tolerance from the perspective of cultivar improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1352768. [PMID: 38807786 PMCID: PMC11130474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1352768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is an increasingly popular fruit around the world for their attractive taste, appearance, and most importantly their many health benefits. Global blueberry production was valued at $2.31 billion with the United States alone producing $1.02 billion of cultivated blueberries in 2021. The sustainability of blueberry production is increasingly threatened by more frequent and extreme drought events caused by climate change. Blueberry is especially prone to adverse effects from drought events due to their superficial root system and lack of root hairs, which limit blueberry's ability to intake water and nutrients from the soil especially under drought stress conditions. The goal of this paper is to review previous studies on blueberry drought tolerance focusing on physiological, biochemical, and molecular drought tolerance mechanisms, as well as genetic variability present in cultivated blueberries. We also discuss limitations of previous studies and potential directions for future efforts to develop drought-tolerant blueberry cultivars. Our review showed that the following areas are lacking in blueberry drought tolerance research: studies of root and fruit traits related to drought tolerance, large-scale cultivar screening, efforts to understand the genetic architecture of drought tolerance, tools for molecular-assisted drought tolerance improvement, and high-throughput phenotyping capability for efficient cultivar screening. Future research should be devoted to following areas: (1) drought tolerance evaluation to include a broader range of traits, such as root architecture and fruit-related performance under drought stress, to establish stronger association between physiological and molecular signals with drought tolerance mechanisms; (2) large-scale drought tolerance screening across diverse blueberry germplasm to uncover various drought tolerance mechanisms and valuable genetic resources; (3) high-throughput phenotyping tools for drought-related traits to enhance the efficiency and affordability of drought phenotyping; (4) identification of genetic architecture of drought tolerance using various mapping technologies and transcriptome analysis; (5) tools for molecular-assisted breeding for drought tolerance, such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, and (6) investigation of the interactions between drought and other stresses such as heat to develop stress resilient genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushan Ru
- Department of Horticulture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Saez
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Courtney P. Leisner
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Tanzeel Rehman
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Savannah Busby
- Department of Horticulture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Mian NH, Azeem M, Ali Q, Mahmood S, Akram MS. Alpha lipoic acid mitigates adverse impacts of drought stress on growth and yield of mungbean: photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidative defense mechanism. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17191. [PMID: 38699184 PMCID: PMC11064871 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Exogenous use of potential organic compounds through different modes is a promising strategy for the induction of water stress tolerance in crop plants for better yield. Aims The present study aimed to explore the potential role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in inducing water stress tolerance in mungbean lines when applied exogenously through various modes. Methods The experiment was conducted in a field with a split-plot arrangement, having three replicates for each treatment. Two irrigation regimes, including normal and reduced irrigation, were applied. The plants allocated to reduced irrigation were watered only at the reproductive stage. Three levels of ALA (0, 0.1, 0.15 mM) were applied through different modes (seed priming, foliar or priming+foliar). Key results ALA treatment through different modes manifested higher growth under reduced irrigation (water stress) and normal irrigation. Compared to the other two modes, the application of ALA as seed priming was found more effective in ameliorating the adverse impacts of water stress on growth and yield associated with their better content of leaf photosynthetic pigments, maintenance of plant water relations, levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, improved activities of enzymatic antioxidants, and decreased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels. The maximum increase in shoot fresh weight (29% and 28%), shoot dry weight (27% and 24%), 100-grain weight (24% and 23%) and total grain yield (20% and 21%) in water-stressed mungbean plants of line 16003 and 16004, respectively, was recorded due to ALA seed priming than other modes of applications. Conclusions Conclusively, 0.1 and 0.15 mM levels of ALA as seed priming were found to reduce the adverse impact of water stress on mungbean yield that was associated with improved physio-biochemical mechanisms. Implications The findings of the study will be helpful for the agriculturalists working in arid and semi-arid regions to obtain a better yield of mungbean that will be helpful to fulfill the food demand in those areas to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Zhang Y, Yu S, Niu P, Su L, Jiao X, Sui X, Shi Y, Liu B, Lu W, Zhu H, Jiang X. RcMYB8 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rose (Rosa chinensis) by modulating RcPR5/1 and RcP5CS1. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:3. [PMID: 38282004 PMCID: PMC10823735 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant Myeloblastosis (MYB) proteins function crucially roles upon variegated abiotic stresses. Nonetheless, their effects and mechanisms in rose (Rosa chinensis) are not fully clarified. In this study, we characterized the effects of rose RcMYB8 under salt and drought tolerances. For induction of the RcMYB8 expression, NaCl and drought stress treatment were adopted. Rose plants overexpressing RcMYB8 displayed enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought stress, while silencing RcMYB8 resulted in decreased tolerance, as evidenced by lowered intra-leaf electrolyte leakage and callose deposition, as well as photosynthetic sustainment under stressed conditions. Here, we further show that RcMYB8 binds similarly to the promoters of RcPR5/1 and RcP5C51 in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting RcP5CS1 by virus-induced gene silencing led to decreased drought tolerance through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostatic regulation. RcP5CS1-silenced plants showed an increase in ion leakage and reduce of proline content, together with the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, lowered activities of Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our study highlights the transcriptional modulator role of RcMYB8 in drought and salinity tolerances, which bridges RcPR5/1 and RcP5CS1 by promoting ROS scavenging. Besides, it is probably applicable to the rose plant engineering for enhancing their abiotic stress tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Xuecheng Jiao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuyu Sui
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Boda Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Wanpei Lu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinqiang Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.
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Yang Y, Wei Y, Yin M, Liu E, Du X, Shen J, Dong M, Yan S. Efficient Polyamine-Based Nanodelivery System for Proline: Enhanced Uptake Improves the Drought Tolerance of Tobacco. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1550-1560. [PMID: 38207102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most unfavorable factors affecting plant growth and productivity among various environmental stresses. Nanotechnology is expected to enhance the effectiveness of conventional biostimulants. Herein, the current study constructed an efficient proline (Pro) nanodelivery system based on a star polyamine (SPc). The hydroxyl groups of Pro could assemble with carbonyl groups of SPc, and the self-assembly of Pro with SPc formed the nanoscale particles of the Pro/SPc complex. Compared to Pro alone, the contact angle of SPc-loaded Pro decreased, and its retentivity and plant uptake increased. Importantly, the tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) seeds and seedlings treated with Pro/SPc complex exhibited stronger drought tolerance. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that the SPc-loaded Pro could further upregulate photosynthesis-related genes and endocytosis-related genes. The current study constructed an efficient nanodelivery system for improving the bioactivity of biostimulants, which has broad application prospects in the agricultural field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Yang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Lab of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Enliang Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangge Du
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Gasemi S, Mahdavikia H, Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Banaei-Asl F, Dolatabadian A, Sadeghpour A. Co-inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve growth, biochemical and physiological attributes in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. under water deficit stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16474. [PMID: 38047030 PMCID: PMC10691354 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because of swift climate change, drought is a primary environmental factor that substantially diminishes plant productivity. Furthermore, the increased use of chemical fertilizers has given rise to numerous environmental problems and health risks. Presently, there is a transition towards biofertilizers to enhance crops' yield, encompassing medicinal and aromatic varieties. Methods This study aimed to explore the impacts of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), both independently and in conjunction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on various morphological, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. This experimentation took place under different irrigation conditions. The irrigation schemes encompassed well watering (WW), mild water stress (MWS), and severe water stress (SWS). The study evaluated the effects of various biofertilizers, including AMF, PGPR, and the combined application of both AMF and PGPR (AMF + PGPR), compared to a control group where no biofertilizers were applied. Results The findings of the study revealed that under water-stress conditions, the dry yield and relative water content of D. kotschyi Boiss. experienced a decline. However, the application of AMF, PGPR, and AMF + PGPR led to an enhancement in dry yield and relative water content compared to the control group. Among the treatments, the co-application of AMF and PGPR in plants subjected to well watering (WW) exhibited the tallest growth (65 cm), the highest leaf count (187), and the most elevated chlorophyll a (0.59 mg g-1 fw) and b (0.24 mg g-1 fw) content. Regarding essential oil production, the maximum content (1.29%) and yield (0.13 g plant -1) were obtained from mild water stress (MWS) treatment. The co-application of AMF and PGPR resulted in the highest essential oil content and yield (1.31% and 0.15 g plant-1, respectively). The analysis of D. kotschyi Boiss. essential oil identified twenty-six compounds, with major constituents including geranyl acetate (11.4-18.88%), alpha-pinene (9.33-15.08%), Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (8.43-12.8%), neral (6.80-9.32%), geranial (9.23-11.91%), and limonene (5.56-9.12%). Notably, the highest content of geranyl acetate, geranial, limonene, and alpha-pinene was observed in plants subjected to MWS treatment following AMF + PGPR application. Furthermore, the co-application of AMF, PGPR, and severe water stress (SWS) notably increased the total soluble sugar (TSS) and proline content. In conclusion, the results indicate that the combined application of AMF and PGPR can effectively enhance the quantity and quality of essential oil in D. kotschyi Boiss., particularly when the plants are exposed to water deficit stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Gasemi
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Urmia University, Miandoab, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Mahdavikia
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Horticulture, Shahid Bakeri Higher Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Banaei-Asl
- Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aria Dolatabadian
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amir Sadeghpour
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
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El Haddad N, En-nahli Y, Choukri H, Aloui K, Mentag R, El-Baouchi A, Hejjaoui K, Rajendran K, Smouni A, Maalouf F, Kumar S. Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying Heat and Drought Tolerance in Lentil Accessions: Implications for Stress Tolerance Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3962. [PMID: 38068599 PMCID: PMC10708188 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has significantly exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses, particularly high temperatures and drought stresses. This study aims to uncover the mechanisms underlying heat and drought tolerance in lentil accessions. To achieve this objective, twelve accessions were subjected to high-temperature stress (32/20 °C), while seven accessions underwent assessment under drought stress conditions (50% of field capacity) during the reproductive stage. Our findings revealed a significant increase in catalase activity across all accessions under both stress conditions, with ILL7814 and ILL7835 recording the highest accumulations of 10.18 and 9.33 under drought stress, respectively, and 14 µmol H2O2 mg protein-1 min-1 under high temperature. Similarly, ascorbate peroxidase significantly increased in all tolerant accessions due to high temperatures, with ILL6359, ILL7835, and ILL8029 accumulating the highest values with up 50 µmol ascorbate mg protein-1 min-1. In contrast, no significant increase was obtained for all accessions subjected to water stress, although the drought-tolerant accessions accumulated more APX activity (16.59 t to 25.08 µmol ascorbate mg protein-1 min-1) than the sensitive accessions. The accessions ILL6075, ILL7814, and ILL8029 significantly had the highest superoxide dismutase activity under high temperature, while ILL6363, ILL7814, and ILL7835 accumulated the highest values under drought stress, each with 22 to 25 units mg protein-1. Under both stress conditions, ILL7814 and ILL7835 recorded the highest contents in proline (38 to 45 µmol proline/g FW), total flavonoids (0.22 to 0.77 mg QE g-1 FW), total phenolics (7.50 to 8.79 mg GAE g-1 FW), total tannins (5.07 to 20 µg CE g-1 FW), and total antioxidant activity (60 to 70%). Further, ILL7814 and ILL6338 significantly recorded the highest total soluble sugar content under high temperature (71.57 and 74.24 mg g-1, respectively), while ILL7835 achieved the maximum concentration (125 mg g-1) under drought stress. The accessions ILL8029, ILL6104, and ILL7814 had the highest values of reducing sugar under high temperature with 0.62 to 0.79 mg g-1, whereas ILL6075, ILL6363, and ILL6362 accumulated the highest levels of this component under drought stress with 0.54 to 0.66 mg g-1. Overall, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the metabolomic responses of lentil to drought and heat stresses, serving as a valuable reference for lentil stress tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine El Haddad
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (Y.E.-n.); (H.C.); (K.A.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Youness En-nahli
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (Y.E.-n.); (H.C.); (K.A.)
- Materials Science Center, Ecole Normale Supérieure, LPCMIO, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Program (AgBS), College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science (CSAES), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (A.E.-B.); (K.H.)
| | - Hasnae Choukri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (Y.E.-n.); (H.C.); (K.A.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Khawla Aloui
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (Y.E.-n.); (H.C.); (K.A.)
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Ben M’Sick Faculty of Sciences, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20800, Morocco
| | - Rachid Mentag
- Biotechnology Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Adil El-Baouchi
- AgroBioSciences Program (AgBS), College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science (CSAES), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (A.E.-B.); (K.H.)
| | - Kamal Hejjaoui
- AgroBioSciences Program (AgBS), College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science (CSAES), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (A.E.-B.); (K.H.)
| | - Karthika Rajendran
- Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Fouad Maalouf
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Beirut 1108 2010, Lebanon;
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), New Delhi 110012, India;
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Wei Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Hu D. Effects of artificial light at night and drought on the photosynthesis and physiological traits of two urban plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263795. [PMID: 37900748 PMCID: PMC10602676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Urban plants are currently confronted with the stresses posed by artificial light at night (ALAN) and drought. A field block experiment was designed to explore the potential effects of ALAN and drought on the photosynthesis and physiological characters of two common urban plants, Euonymus japonicus (E. japonicus) and Rosa hybrida (R. hybrida). Each plant species was subjected to four distinct treatments: neither ALAN nor drought, ALAN, drought, and both ALAN and drought. The result showed the following: (1) ALAN significantly reduced the effective quantum yield (ΦPSII), apparent electron transfer rate (ETR), photochemical quenching parameter (qp), net photosynthetic (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), stomatal limit value (Ls), and the pigment concentrations and remarkably increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and starch in both E. japonicus and R. hybrida. Furthermore, ALAN increased the soluble saccharides of E. japonicus, and this effect of ALAN also occurred on R. hybrida under drought. (2) Drought significantly decreased the ΦPSII, ETR, qp, Pn, Gs, Ls, and the pigment concentrations and remarkably increased the content of MDA and TAC for both E. japonicus and R. hybrida. Moreover, drought did not significantly change the starch content of both species, and it significantly increased the content of soluble saccharides for E. japonicus. (3) The interaction between ALAN and drought occurred on the ΦPSII, ETR, Pn, MDA, and TAC of E. japonicus, but had no effect on R. hybrida. For urban areas affected by ALAN and drought, it is advisable to select plant species with strong stress resistance for gardening purposes, and plants directly exposed to ALAN should receive sufficient water during hot and dry weather conditions to maintain their normal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Byambadorj SO, Hernandez JO, Lkhagvasuren S, Erma G, Sharavdorj K, Park BB, Nyam-Osor B. Leaf morpho-physiological traits of Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila in different irrigation regimes and fertilizer types. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16107. [PMID: 37790615 PMCID: PMC10544310 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impacts of climate change, such as increased soil dryness and nutrient deficiency, highlight the need for environmentally sustainable restoration of forests and groundwater resources. However, it is important to consider that extensive afforestation efforts may lead to a depletion of groundwater supply due to higher evapotranspiration rates, exacerbating water scarcity issues. Consequently, we conducted a study to examine how the fast-growing tree species Populus sibirica (Horth ex Tausch) and Ulmus pumila (L.) respond morpho-physiologically to varying watering regimes and types of fertilizers, aiming to better understand their specific water and nutrient requirements. Methods We used two-year-old nursery-growth seedlings (N = 512) of P. sibirica and U. pumila with initial root collar diameter (RCD) and the height of 0.51 ± 0.02 mm and 68 ± 2.94 cm and 0.33 ± 0.01 mm and 51 ± 1.14 cm, respectively. The leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll fluorescence, and predawn and midday leaf water potential were measured across treatments. Four different irrigation regimes and two different fertilizer types were applied: no irrigation (control, 0 L h-1), 2 L h-1 = 0.25 mm m-2, 4 L h-1 = 0.5 mm m-2, 8 L h-1 = 1.0 mm m-2 and 120 g and 500 g tree-1 of NPK and compost (COMP). Twelve plots (600 m2) were established in the study site for each species and treatments. Results During the first growing season (2021), the LA of P. sibirica was larger in the 4-8 L h-1 without fertilizer, but it was smaller in the 4 L h-1+ COMP during the second growing season (2022). The 2 L h-1 without fertilizer and 2 L h-1 + NPK had larger LA compared with the control (CONT) for the first and second growing seasons, respectively, for U. pumila. P. sibirica seedlings at 4 L h-1 without fertilizer had the highest SLA for 2021 and at 2 L h-1 + NPK for 2022, whereas CONT and 4 L h-1 had the highest SLA than the other treatments for 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, respectively, for U. pumila. The chlorophyll concentration of P. sibirica seedlings in the first year was generally higher in CONT, while the 2 L h-1 without any fertilizer yielded a significantly higher chlorophyll concentration of U. pumila. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (PIABS and Fm) were generally lower in CONT with/without NPK or COMP for both species. The CONT with NPK/COMP generally had a higher gs compared with the other treatments in both experimental periods for U. pumila, whereas CONT and 2 L h-1+ NPK-treated P. sibirica seedlings had a significantly greater gs during the first year and second year, respectively. The predawn and midday leaf water potentials of both species were generally the lowest in CONT, followed by 2 L h-1+ NPK/COMP during the first growing season, but a different pattern was observed during the second growing season. Overall, the morpho-physiological traits of the two species were affected by watering and fertilizer treatments, and the magnitude of the effects varied depending on growing season, amount of irrigation, and fertilizer type, and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, South Korea
| | - Jonathan Ogayon Hernandez
- Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Sarangua Lkhagvasuren
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ge Erma
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Khulan Sharavdorj
- Crop Ecology Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, South Korea
| | - Byung Bae Park
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, South Korea
| | - Batkhuu Nyam-Osor
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Li J, Abbas K, Wang L, Gong B, Hou S, Wang W, Dai B, Xia H, Wu X, Lü G, Gao H. Drought resistance index screening and evaluation of lettuce under water deficit conditions on the basis of morphological and physiological differences. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1228084. [PMID: 37780513 PMCID: PMC10540308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1228084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Water is one of the important factors affecting the yield of leafy vegetables. Lettuce, as a widely planted vegetable, requires frequent irrigation due to its shallow taproot and high leaf evaporation rate. Therefore, screening drought-resistant genotypes is of great significance for lettuce production. Methods In the present study, significant variations were observed among 13 morphological and physiological traits of 42 lettuce genotypes under normal irrigation and water-deficient conditions. Results Frequency analysis showed that soluble protein (SP) was evenly distributed across six intervals. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to transform the 13 indexes into four independent comprehensive indicators with a cumulative contribution ratio of 94.83%. The stepwise regression analysis showed that root surface area (RSA), root volume (RV), belowground dry weight (BDW), soluble sugar (SS), SP, and leaf relative water content (RWC) could be used to evaluate and predict the drought resistance of lettuce genotypes. Furthermore, the drought resistance ranks of the genotypes were similar according to the drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value (D value), comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC), and weight drought resistance coefficient (WDC). The cluster analysis enabled the division of the 42 genotypes into five drought resistance groups; among them, variety Yidali151 was divided into group I as a strongly drought-resistant variety, group II included 6 drought-resistant genotypes, group III included 16 moderately drought-resistant genotypes, group IV included 12 drought-sensitive genotypes, and group V included 7 highly drought-sensitive genotypes. Moreover, a representative lettuce variety was selected from each of the five groups to verify its water resistance ability under water deficit conditions. In the drought-resistant variety, it was observed that stomatal density, superoxide anion (O2.-wfi2) production rate, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content exhibited a low increase rate, while catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and that peroxidase (POD) activity exhibited a higher increase than in the drought-sensitive variety. Discussion In summary, the identified genotypes are important because their drought-resistant traits can be used in future drought-resistant lettuce breeding programs and water-efficient cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kumail Abbas
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shenglin Hou
- Research Management Department, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bowen Dai
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guiyun Lü
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongbo Gao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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10
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Abbas K, Li J, Gong B, Lu Y, Wu X, Lü G, Gao H. Drought Stress Tolerance in Vegetables: The Functional Role of Structural Features, Key Gene Pathways, and Exogenous Hormones. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13876. [PMID: 37762179 PMCID: PMC10530793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of drought stress have led to a significant decline in vegetable production, ultimately affecting food security. After sensing drought stress signals, vegetables prompt multifaceted response measures, eventually leading to changes in internal cell structure and external morphology. Among them, it is important to highlight that the changes, including changes in physiological metabolism, signal transduction, key genes, and hormone regulation, significantly influence drought stress tolerance in vegetables. This article elaborates on vegetable stress tolerance, focusing on structural adaptations, key genes, drought stress signaling transduction pathways, osmotic adjustments, and antioxidants. At the same time, the mechanisms of exogenous hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) toward improving the adaptive drought tolerance of vegetables were also reviewed. These insights can enhance the understanding of vegetable drought tolerance, supporting vegetable tolerance enhancement by cultivation technology improvements under changing climatic conditions, which provides theoretical support and technical reference for innovative vegetable stress tolerance breeding and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Ministry of Education of China-Hebei Province Joint Innovation Center for Efficient Green Vegetable Industry, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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11
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Mao L, Dai Y, Huang Y, Yang S, Sun H, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Yang B, Zou X, Liu Z. Studying the effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic mechanism of pepper leaf yellowing mutants by proteomics and phosphoproteomics. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111763. [PMID: 37321305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaf is an important plant organ and is closely related to agricultural yield. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in promoting plant growth and development. Understanding the mechanism of leaf photosynthesis regulation will help improve crop yield. In this study, the pepper yellowing mutant was used as the experimental material, and the photosynthetic changes of pepper leaves (yl1 and 6421) under different light intensities were analyzed by chlorophyll fluorimeter and photosynthesis meter. Changes in proteins and enrichment of phosphopeptides in pepper leaves were determined. The results showed that different light intensities had significant effects on the chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters of pepper leaves. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins (DEPPs) were mainly involved in photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. In yl1 leaves, the phosphorylation levels of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna proteins LHCA2, LHCA3, PsbC, PsbO, and PsbP were lower under low light treatment, but significantly higher under high light intensity compared with wild-type leaves. In addition, many proteins involved in the carbon assimilation pathway, including TKT, Rubisco, and PGK, were phosphorylated, and this modification level was significantly higher in yl1 than in the wild type under high light intensity. These results provide a new perspective for studying the photosynthesis mechanism of pepper under different light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhen Mao
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Dai
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhoubin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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12
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Saadaoui W, Tarchoun N, Msetra I, Pavli O, Falleh H, Ayed C, Amami R, Ksouri R, Petropoulos SA. Effects of drought stress induced by D-Mannitol on the germination and early seedling growth traits, physiological parameters and phytochemicals content of Tunisian squash ( Cucurbita maximaDuch.) landraces. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1215394. [PMID: 37600166 PMCID: PMC10432687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1215394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Drought stress is one of the most devastating environmental stressors, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Considering the major constraints that drought stress poses to crop production and the consequent yield losses in food crops, breeding for climate-resilient crops is an efficient means to mitigate stress conditions. Materials and methods This study aimed at evaluating the response of four squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) landraces to drought stress at germination and at plant stage. Drought stress was induced by different concentrations of D-mannitol (-0.24, -0.47 and -0.73 MPa). The tested parameters at germination stage included germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seed water absorbance and seedling growth potential. At the plant stage, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content, chlorophyll fluorescence, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis activity and several biomarkers, namely malondialdehyde, proline, total phenols content, total flavonoids content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were evaluated in both roots and leaves. Results and discussion Our results indicate a magnitude of drought stress effects reflected via repression of germination and seedling growth as well as adjustments in physiological functions at later growth stages, in a genotype depended manner. Among landraces, "751" and "746" showed better performance, as evidenced by higher seed germination and seedling growth potential even at high stress levels (-0.47 and - 0.73 MPa), whereas "747" was the most sensitive landrace to drought stress at both tested stages. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of squash landraces selection for the identification of elite genotypes with increased tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Saadaoui
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Neji Tarchoun
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Insaf Msetra
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ourania Pavli
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Hanen Falleh
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plant, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chadha Ayed
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Roua Amami
- Research Laboratory LR21AGR05, High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plant, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Kuppusamy A, Alagarswamy S, Karuppusami KM, Maduraimuthu D, Natesan S, Ramalingam K, Muniyappan U, Subramanian M, Kanagarajan S. Melatonin Enhances the Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Mung Bean under Drought and High-Temperature Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2535. [PMID: 37447095 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean, a legume, is sensitive to abiotic stresses at different growth stages, and its yield potential is affected by drought and high-temperature stress at the sensitive stage. Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone that plays a vital role in plant stress defense mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of melatonin under individual and combined drought and high-temperature stress in mung bean. An experiment was laid out with five treatments, including an exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin as a seed treatment, foliar spray, and a combination of both seed treatment and foliar spray, as well as absolute control (ambient condition) and control (stress without melatonin treatment). Stresses were imposed during the mung bean's reproductive stage (31-40 DAS) for ten days. Results revealed that drought and high-temperature stress significantly decreased chlorophyll index, Fv/Fm ratio, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Foliar application of melatonin at 100 µM concentration enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase and the concentration of metabolites involved in osmoregulation and ion homeostasis; thereby, it improves physiological and yield-related traits in mung bean under individual and combined stress at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Kuppusamy
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Senthil Alagarswamy
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Kalarani M Karuppusami
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | | | - Senthil Natesan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Kuttimani Ramalingam
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Umapathi Muniyappan
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Marimuthu Subramanian
- Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Eachangkottai, Thanjavur 614904, India
| | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 23422 Lomma, Sweden
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14
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Liu C, Wang J, Huang P, Hu C, Gao F, Liu Y, Li Z, Cui B. Response of Soil Microenvironment and Crop Growth to Cyclic Irrigation Using Reclaimed Water and Brackish Water. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2285. [PMID: 37375911 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of freshwater resources has increased the use of nonconventional water resources such as brackish water, reclaimed water, etc., especially in water-scarce areas. Whether an irrigation cycle using reclaimed water and brackish water (RBCI) poses a risk of secondary soil salinization to crop yields needs to be studied. Aiming to find an appropriate use for different nonconventional water resources, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of RBCI on soil microenvironments, growth, physiological characteristics and antioxidation properties of crops. The results showed the following: (1) compared to FBCI, the soil moisture content was slightly higher, without a significant difference, while the soil EC, sodium and chloride ions contents increased significantly under the RBCI treatment. With an increase in the reclaimed water irrigation frequency (Tri), the contents of EC, Na+ and Cl- in the soil decreased gradually, and the difference was significant; the soil moisture content also decreased gradually. (2) There were different effects of the RBCI regime on the soil's enzyme activities. With an increase in the Tri, the soil urease activity indicated a significant upward trend as a whole. (3) RBCI can alleviate the risk of soil salinization to some extent. The soil pH values were all below 8.5, and were without a risk of secondary soil alkalization. The ESP did not exceed 15 percent, and there was no possible risk of soil alkalization except that the ESP in soil irrigated by brackish water irrigation went beyond the limit of 15 percent. (4) Compared with FBCI, no obvious changes appeared to the aboveground and underground biomasses under the RBCI treatment. The RBCI treatment was conducive to increasing the aboveground biomass compared with pure brackish water irrigation. Therefore, short-term RBCI helps to reduce the risk of soil salinization without significantly affecting crop yield, and the irrigation cycle using reclaimed-reclaimed-brackish water at 3 g·L-1 was recommended, according to the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Liu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Bingjian Cui
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
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Habuš Jerčić I, Bošnjak Mihovilović A, Matković Stanković A, Lazarević B, Goreta Ban S, Ban D, Major N, Tomaz I, Banjavčić Z, Kereša S. Garlic Ecotypes Utilise Different Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms to Cope with Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091824. [PMID: 37176881 PMCID: PMC10180593 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought negatively affects plants by altering morphological, physiological and metabolic processes and ultimately reducing yields. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), an important member of the Alliaceae family, is also sensitive to drought and maximizing the yield of garlic bulbs is largely dependent on water availability. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought stress on morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as on phenolic, sugar, inulin and free amino acid content and antioxidant activity in two Croatian garlic ecotypes, 'Istarski crveni' (IC) and Istarski bijeli (IB). Drought was induced by using polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) solution (-0.6 MPa) starting 21 days after clove planting and lasted for 20 days. Drought reduced plant height, number of leaves and plant weight, but increased root length in both ecotypes compared to the control treatment. Among the physiological parameters, significant differences were observed between the two ecotypes studied in the spectral characteristics of the leaves, namely reflection in red, green and blue, VAL, values of the vegetation indices related to the chlorophyll content (CHI, GI), and the anthocyanin content (ARI). Ecotype IC showed higher antioxidant activity in the control treatment due to higher total phenolic content (TPC), but under drought conditions higher DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined in ecotype IB and higher values of FRAP in IC. Sucrose and glucose generally decreased under drought, while inulin increased in IB but decreased in IC. Total free amino acid content increased under drought in both ecotypes. In conclusion, drought tolerance of IB might be associated with increased accumulation of inulin and higher levels of amino acids, especially those shown to contribute to drought resistance. In IC, drought tolerance is associated with an increase in some amino acid compounds and better root growth in depth, probably due to a more efficient translocation of sucrose to the underground part of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Habuš Jerčić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Bošnjak Mihovilović
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Matković Stanković
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Dean Ban
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Nikola Major
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Banjavčić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kereša
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Javornik T, Carović-Stanko K, Gunjača J, Vidak M, Lazarević B. Monitoring Drought Stress in Common Bean Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Multispectral Imaging. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1386. [PMID: 36987074 PMCID: PMC10059887 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a significant constraint in bean production. In this study, we used high-throughput phenotyping methods (chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, 3D multispectral scanning) to monitor the development of drought-induced morphological and physiological symptoms at an early stage of development of the common bean. This study aimed to select the plant phenotypic traits which were most sensitive to drought. Plants were grown in an irrigated control (C) and under three drought treatments: D70, D50, and D30 (irrigated with 70, 50, and 30 mL distilled water, respectively). Measurements were performed on five consecutive days, starting on the first day after the onset of treatments (1 DAT-5 DAT), with an additional measurement taken on the eighth day (8 DAT) after the onset of treatments. Earliest detected changes were found at 3 DAT when compared to the control. D30 caused a decrease in leaf area index (of 40%), total leaf area (28%), reflectance in specific green (13%), saturation (9%), and green leaf index (9%), and an increase in the anthocyanin index (23%) and reflectance in blue (7%). The selected phenotypic traits could be used to monitor drought stress and to screen for tolerant genotypes in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Javornik
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaudija Carović-Stanko
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Gunjača
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Vidak
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Liu X, Li Y, Micallef SA. Natural variation and drought-induced differences in metabolite profiles of red oak-leaf and Romaine lettuce play a role in modulating the interaction with Salmonella enterica. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 385:109998. [PMID: 36371998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients on produce surfaces are vital for successful enteric pathogen colonisation. In this study, we investigated natural variation in metabolite profiles of Romaine 'Parris Island Cos' and red oak-leaf lettuce 'Mascara' under regular and restricted watering conditions. We also investigated the impact of plant drought stress on the Salmonella - lettuce association. Salmonella Newport and Typhimurium were able to persist at higher levels on regularly watered Romaine than red oak-leaf lettuce. Drought treatment to lettuce impaired epiphytic Salmonella association, with S. Newport and Typhimurium being differentially affected. A higher log reduction of both serotypes was measured on drought-subjected red oak-leaf lettuce plants than controls, but S. Typhimurium was unaffected on water deficit-treated Romaine lettuce (p < 0.05). To assess Salmonella interaction with leaf surface metabolites, leaf washes collected from both cultivars were inoculated and found to be able to support S. Newport growth, with higher levels of Salmonella retrieved from Romaine washes (p < 0.05). The lag phase of S. Newport in washes from water restricted red oak-leaf lettuce was prolonged in relation to regularly-watered controls (p < 0.05). Untargeted plant metabolite profiling using electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) revealed natural variation between Romaine and red oak-leaf lettuce profiles for leaf tissue and leaf washes. Metabolite profile shifts were detected in both lettuce types in response to drought stress, but more unique peaks were detected in red oak-leaf than Romaine lettuce after drought treatment. Variation between the two cultivars was in part attributed to naturally higher levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins in red oak-leaf lettuce compared to Romaine. Moreover, red oak-leaf, but not Romaine lettuce, responded to drought by inducing the accumulation of proline, phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Drought stress, therefore, enhanced the functional food properties of red oak-leaf lettuce. Salmonella growth dynamics in lettuce leaf washes suggested that natural variation and drought-induced changes in metabolite profiles in lettuce could partly explain the differential susceptibility of various lettuce types to Salmonella, although the primary or secondary metabolites mediating this effect remain unknown. Regulated mild water stress should be investigated as an approach to lower Salmonella contamination risk in suitable lettuce cultivars, while simultaneously boosting the health beneficial quality of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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18
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Melatonin Affects the Photosynthetic Performance of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seedlings under Cold Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122414. [PMID: 36552621 PMCID: PMC9774265 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important plant metabolic mechanism that improves carbon absorption and crop yield. Photosynthetic efficiency is greatly hampered by cold stress (CS). Melatonin (ME) is a new plant growth regulator that regulates a wide range of abiotic stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of ME-mediated photosynthetic regulation in cold-stressed plants is not well understood. Our findings suggest that under low-temperature stress (15/5 °C for 7 days), spraying the plant with ME (200 µM) enhanced gas exchange characteristics and the photosynthetic pigment content of pepper seedlings, as well as upregulated their biosynthetic gene expression. Melatonin increased the activity of photosynthetic enzymes (Rubisco and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase) while also enhancing starch, sucrose, soluble sugar, and glucose content under CS conditions. Low-temperature stress significantly decreased the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), specifically their maximum quantum efficiency PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (Pm). In contrast, ME treatment improved the photochemical activity of PSII and PSI. Furthermore, CS dramatically reduced the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), while enhancing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ); however, ME treatment substantially mitigated the effects of CS. Our results clearly show the probable function of ME treatment in mitigating the effects of CS by maintaining photosynthetic performance, which might be beneficial when screening genotypes for CS tolerance.
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Liatile PC, Potgieter G, Moloi MJ. A Natural Bio-Stimulant Consisting of a Mixture of Fish Protein Hydrolysates and Kelp Extract Enhances the Physiological, Biochemical and Growth Responses of Spinach under Different Water Levels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233374. [PMID: 36501413 PMCID: PMC9741341 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a highly nutritious, desirable green leafy vegetable, which is less tolerant to drought. This study was conducted to establish the impact of a natural bio-stimulant consisting of a mixture of fish protein hydrolysates and kelp extract (trade name, Xcell Boost) on the physiological and biochemical responses as well as vegetative growth of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under different water levels (100% (full irrigation), 50% (mild drought stress) and 30% (severe drought stress) water holding capacity). Bio-stimulant application at any strength (single, BX1 or double, BX2) had no effect on the photochemical reactions. The application of bio-stimulant at double strength concentration (BX2) increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, as well as the activities of antioxidative enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), under drought stress. Application at single strength (BX1) increased the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), stomatal conductance, accumulation of osmoprotectants (proline and total soluble sugars) and reduced electrolyte leakage under drought stress. Furthermore, bio-stimulant applications at either concentration induced remarkable increases in plant height, leaf area, stem dry weight, root length and root moisture. Under BX2, APX and stomatal conductance positively correlated with stem dry weight, while root length positively correlated with total chlorophyll content. These results show that Xcell Boost is a highly advantageous bio-stimulant for increasing the tolerance of spinach to drought stress, which can most likely benefit other crops grown in semi-arid and arid areas.
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Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhang X, Lin L, Cai M, Cai W, Liu Y, Xiang L, Sun M, Yu X, Li Y. Effects of low temperature on flowering and the expression of related genes in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1000160. [PMID: 36457526 PMCID: PMC9705732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum blooms 2-3 times a year, among which the autumn flowering period has great potential for exploitation, but the number of flowers in the autumn flowering period is much smaller than that in the spring flowering period. METHODS Using 'Hei Zhenzhu' and 'Xiangnong Xiangyun' as experimental materials, the winter growth environment of L. chinense var. rubrum in Changsha, Hunan Province was simulated by setting a low temperature of 6-10°C in an artificial climate chamber to investigate the effect of winter low temperature on the flowering traits and related gene expression of L. chinense var. rubrum. RESULTS The results showed that after 45 days of low temperature culture and a subsequent period of 25°C greenhouse culture, flower buds and flowers started to appear on days 24 and 33 of 25°C greenhouse culture for 'Hei Zhenzhu', and flower buds and flowers started to appear on days 21 and 33 of 25°C greenhouse culture for 'Xiangnong Xiangyun'. The absolute growth rate of buds showed a 'Up-Down' pattern during the 7-28 days of low temperature culture; the chlorophyll fluorescence decay rate (Rfd) of both materials showed a 'Down-Up-Down' pattern during this period. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) showed the same trend as Rfd, and the photochemical quenching coefficient (QP) fluctuated above and below 0.05. The expression of AP1 and FT similar genes of L. chinense var. rubrum gradually increased after the beginning of low temperature culture, reaching the highest expression on day 14 and day 28, respectively, and the expression of both in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The expressions of FLC, SVP and TFL1 similar genes all decreased gradually with low temperature culture, among which the expressions of FLC similar genes and TFL1 similar genes in the experimental group were extremely significantly lower than those in the control group; in the experimental group, the expressions of GA3 similar genes were all extremely significantly higher than those in the control group, and the expressions all increased with the increase of low temperature culture time. DISCUSSION We found that the high expression of gibberellin genes may play an important role in the process of low temperature promotion of L. chinense var. rubrum flowering, and in the future, it may be possible to regulate L. chinense var. rubrum flowering by simply spraying exogenous gibberellin instead of the promotion effect of low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damao Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Qianru Chen
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Lin
- School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan, China
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21
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Zhang P, Hu Y, Zhou R, Zhang X, Hu H, Lang D. The antioxidant system response to drought-stressed Diospyros lotus treated with exogenous melatonin. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13936. [PMID: 36157056 PMCID: PMC9496507 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses adversely impacting the growth of persimmon, which is a widely cultivated traditional fruit tree in North China. Melatonin is a bio-stimulator involved in mediating plant responses to drought. The role of exogenous melatonin application in the drought tolerance of Diospyros lotus was examined under drought stress with different doses of melatonin (0, 10, 50, and 100 µM). Exogenous melatonin application significantly mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and nitric oxide (NO) content. The 100-µM melatonin application produced the most beneficial impacts against drought stress. The melatonin-enhanced tolerance could be attributed to improved antioxidant enzymes, reduced drought-induced ROS accumulation, and lipid peroxidation. Melatonin application activated major antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Interestingly, NO concentration was significantly higher in 10 and 50 µM melatonin treatments and lower in 100 µM melatonin treatment compared to the control. Moreover, exogenous melatonin application affected the mRNA transcript levels of several genes involved in ROS metabolism, including DlRBOHA, DlSOD, DlCAT, and DlPOD. Hence, the responses of Diospyros lotus to drought varied with different doses of melatonin. Our results provide a concrete insight into the effects of melatonin with varying doses in alleviating drought as well as a platform for its potential application in the related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruijin Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongmei Lang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
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22
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Zhang D, Cai W, Zhang X, Li W, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Mi Q, Jin L, Xu L, Yu X, Li Y. Different pruning level effects on flowering period and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13406. [PMID: 35573179 PMCID: PMC9104088 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
"Pruning" is a simple and efficient way to control the flowering period, but it is rarely used in perennial woody ornamental plants. In this paper, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum was pruned in different degrees, and the relationship between pruning intensity and flowering number, and flowering time and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were compared. After statistics, it was found that pruning could advance blossoms of L. chinense var. rubrum; also, light and heavy cutting could both obtain a larger number of flowers. In addition, through correlation analysis, it was found that during the flowering period, the Rfd parameter of the unpruned treatment had a very significant positive correlation with the number of flowers FN, which was 0.81. In other pruning treatment groups, Rfd and FN also presented a certain positive correlation, indicating that the Rfd parameter can be used to predict the number of flowers during the flowering process of L. chinense var. rubrum. The research results provided a new idea for the regulation of the flowering period of L. chinense var. rubrum and other woody ornamental plants and laid the foundation for the diversified application of L. chinense var. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damao Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China,Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China,Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China,Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Comprehensive Utilization, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Chen
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiulin Mi
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lanting Jin
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Oriental Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China,Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China,Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China,Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
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23
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Kour D, Khan SS, Kaur T, Kour H, Singh G, Yadav A, Yadav AN. Drought adaptive microbes as bioinoculants for the horticultural crops. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09493. [PMID: 35647359 PMCID: PMC9130543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is among the most destructive stresses for agricultural productivity. It interferes with normal metabolic activities of the plants resulting, a negative impact on physiology and morphology of the plants. The management of drought stress requires various adaptive and alleviation strategies in which stress adaptive microbiomes are exquisite bioresources for plant growth and alleviation of drought stress. Diverse drought adaptive microbes belonging to genera Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Streptomyces have been reported worldwide. These bioresources exhibit a wide range of mechanisms such as helping plant in nutrient acquisition, producing growth regulators, lowering the levels of stress ethylene, increasing the concentration of osmolytes, and preventing oxidative damage under water deficit environmental conditions. Horticulture is one of the potential agricultural sectors to speed up the economy, poverty and generation of employment for livelihood. The applications of drought adaptive plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes as biofertilizers and biopesticides for horticulture is a potential strategy to improve the productivity and protection of horticultural crops from abiotic and biotic stresses for agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divjot Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Sofia Shareif Khan
- Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Animal Husbandary, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
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Shin YK, Bhandari SR, Lee JG. Monitoring of Salinity, Temperature, and Drought Stress in Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786309. [PMID: 35003172 PMCID: PMC8727525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) is used to measure the physiological status of plants affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in CF parameters in grafted watermelon seedlings exposed to salt, drought, and high and low temperatures. Grafted watermelon seedlings at the true three-leaf stage were subjected to salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and temperature [low (8°C), moderate (24°C), and high (40°C)] stresses for 12 days under controlled environmental conditions independently. Eight CF parameters were measured at 2-day intervals using the FluorCam machine quenching protocol of the FluorCam machine. The seedlings were also exposed to drought stress for 3 days independent of salinity and temperature stress; CF parameters were measured at 1-day intervals. In addition, growth parameters, proline, and chlorophyll content were evaluated in all three experiments. The CF parameters were differentially influenced depending on the type and extent of the stress conditions. The results showed a notable effect of salinity levels on CF parameters, predominantly in maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), the ratio of the fluorescence decrease (Rfd), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII [Y(NO)]. High temperature had significant effects on Rfd and NPQ, whereas low temperature showed significant results in most CF parameters: Fv/Fm, Y(NO), NPQ, Rfd, the efficiency of excitation capture of open photosystem II (PSII) center (Fv'/Fm'), and effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII [Y(PSII)]. Only NPQ and Rfd were significantly influenced by severe drought stress. Approximately, all the growth parameters were significantly influenced by the stress level. Proline content increased with an increase in stress levels in all three experiments, whereas the chlorophyll (a and b) content either decreased or increased depending upon the stressor. The results provided here may be useful for understanding the effect of abiotic stresses on CF parameters and the selection of index CF parameters to detect abiotic stresses in grafted watermelon seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyeong Shin
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Shiva Ram Bhandari
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Shiva Ram Bhandari,
| | - Jun Gu Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jun Gu Lee,
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