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Lupattelli A, Primavilla S, Roila R, Felici A, Tinaro M. Microbiological Safety and Quality of Meals and Work Surfaces in Collective Catering Systems in Central Italy: A Five-Year Monitoring Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010064. [PMID: 36671754 PMCID: PMC9855182 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ready-to-eat (RTE) meals produced and served by the catering system still represent one of the major causes of foodborne outbreaks, especially for susceptible consumers. Despite the great progress in food hygiene and safety, the systematic monitoring of microbial contamination of foodstuff is the most effective tool to ensure food safety and protect consumers’ health. The aim of this study was to perform a thorough assessment of the microbial safety and quality of meals and work surfaces of collective catering systems in central Italy, over a five-year period (2014−2018). In total 11,012 microbiological analytical determinations were performed in food matrices (80.1%) and environmental samples (19.9%). The results obtained show a low level of non-conformities ranging from 2.2% to 6.3% of total samples, concerning both hygiene and safety parameters. A decreasing trend of non-conformities during the years was also highlighted (p-value < 0.05), especially for environmental samples. This study suggests that the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and the proper definition of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plans, combined with a thorough evaluation of microbiological monitoring, are able to ensure high levels of food safety and hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lupattelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Primavilla
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-075343213 (S.P.); +39-0755857936 (R.R.)
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-075343213 (S.P.); +39-0755857936 (R.R.)
| | - Andrea Felici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Miriam Tinaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Jones SL, Gibson KE. Temperature, Time, and Type, Oh My! Key Environmental Factors Impacting the Recovery of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Tulane Virus from Surfaces. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1157-1165. [PMID: 35588461 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Environmental monitoring (EM) programs are designed to detect the presence of pathogens in food manufacturing environments, with the goal of preventing microbial contamination of food. Nevertheless, limited knowledge exists regarding the influence of environmental conditions on microbial recovery during EM. This study uses a commercially available polyurethane foam EM tool to determine the influence of environmental factors on the recovery of foodborne pathogens. The specific objectives of this study were to determine if environmental conditions and surface composition impact the recovery of sought-after microorganisms found in food processing environments. These data are compared across (i) microorganism type, (ii) surface type, (iii) environmental temperature and relative humidity (RH), and (iv) exposure time. Two bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium) and one human norovirus surrogate (Tulane virus) were inoculated onto three nonporous surfaces (polypropylene, stainless steel, and neoprene). Surfaces were held in an environmental chamber for 24 or 72 h at 30°C with 30% RH, 6°C with 85% RH, and 30°C with 85% RH. Data indicate that microbial recovery from environmental surfaces significantly (P ≤ 0.05) varies by microorganism type, environmental conditions, and exposure time. For instance, all microorganisms were significantly different from each other, with the greatest mean log reduction being Tulane virus and the lesser reduction being L. monocytogenes at 4.94 ± 1.75 log PFU per surface and 2.54 ± 0.91 log CFU per surface, respectively. Overall, these data can be used to improve the effectiveness of EM programs and underscores the need to better comprehend how EM test results are impacted by food manufacturing environmental conditions. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Jones
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, 1371 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, USA
| | - Kristen E Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, 1371 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, USA
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Broten CJ, Wydallis JB, Reilly TH, Bisha B. Development and Evaluation of a Paper-Based Microfluidic Device for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes on Food Contact and Non-Food Contact Surfaces. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070947. [PMID: 35407034 PMCID: PMC8997480 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the third most deadly foodborne pathogen in the United States. The bacterium is found in soil and water, contaminating raw food products and the processing environment, where it can persist for an extended period. Currently, testing of food contact and non-food contact surfaces is performed using an array of sampling devices and endpoint technologies, offering various levels of sensitivity, cost, user skill, and time to detection. Paper-based microfluidic devices (µPADs) are a rapid detection platform amenable to low-cost, user-friendly, and portable diagnostics. In this study, we developed and evaluated a µPAD platform specific for the colorimetric detection of the Listeria genus following recovery from food contact and non-food contact surfaces. For detection, four colorimetric substrates specific for the detection of β-glucosidase, two broths selective for the detection of Listeria spp., and a nonselective broth were evaluated to facilitate detection of Listeria spp. The limit of detection and time to detection were determined by using pure bacterial cultures. After 8 h enrichment, L. monocytogenes (102 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/coupon) was detected on every surface. After 18 h enrichment, L. monocytogenes (102 CFU/coupon) was detected on all surfaces with all swabbing devices. This study demonstrated the ability of the µPAD-based method to detect potentially stressed cells at low levels of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codi Jo Broten
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - John B. Wydallis
- Access Sensor Technologies, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA; (J.B.W.); (T.H.R.III)
| | - Thomas H. Reilly
- Access Sensor Technologies, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA; (J.B.W.); (T.H.R.III)
| | - Bledar Bisha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Dhivya R, Rajakrishnapriya VC, Sruthi K, Chidanand DV, Sunil CK, Rawson A. Biofilm combating in the food industry: Overview, non‐thermal approaches, and mechanisms. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Dhivya
- Industry Academia Cell National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - V. C. Rajakrishnapriya
- Industry Academia Cell National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - K. Sruthi
- Industry Academia Cell National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - D. V. Chidanand
- Industry Academia Cell National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - C. K. Sunil
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - Ashish Rawson
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
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Sun L, D’Amico DJ. Composition, Succession, and Source Tracking of Microbial Communities throughout the Traditional Production of a Farmstead Cheese. mSystems 2021; 6:e0083021. [PMID: 34581601 PMCID: PMC8547439 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00830-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to the advent of milk pasteurization and the use of defined-strain starter cultures, the production and ripening of cheese relied on the introduction and growth of adventitious microbes from the environment. This study characterized microbial community structures throughout a traditional farmstead cheese production continuum and evaluated the role of the environment in microbial transfer. In total, 118 samples (e.g., raw milk, cheese, and environmental surfaces) were collected from milk harvesting through cheese ripening. Microbial communities were characterized based on amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer genes using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results indicated that the environment in each processing room harbored unique microbial ecosystems and consistently contributed microbes to milk, curd, and cheese. The diverse microbial composition of milk was initially attributed to milker hands and cow teats and then changed substantially following overnight ripening in a wooden vat to one dominated by lactic acid bacteria, including Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus, and Leuconostoc, as well as fungi such as Exophiala, Kluyveromyces, and Candida. Additional microbial contributions were attributed to processing tools, but the composition of the cheese paste remained relatively stable over 60 days of ripening. In contrast, rind communities that were largely influenced by direct contact with bamboo aging mats showed a distinct succession pattern compared to the interior sections. Overall, these findings highlight the critical role of traditional tools and practices in shaping the microbial composition of cheese and broaden our understanding of processing environments as important sources of microbes in food. IMPORTANCE Throughout the 20th century, especially in the United States, sanitation practices, pasteurization of milk, and the use of commercial defined-strain starter cultures have enhanced the safety and consistency of cheese. However, these practices can reduce cheese microbial diversity. The rapid growth of the artisanal cheese industry in the United States has renewed interest in recapturing the diversity of dairy products and the microbes involved in their production. Here, we demonstrate the essential role of the environment, including the use of wooden tools and cheesemaking equipment, as sources of dominant microbes that shape the fermentation and ripening processes of a traditional farmstead cheese produced without the addition of starter cultures or direct inoculation of any other bacteria or fungi. These data enrich our understanding of the microbial interactions between products and the environment and identify taxa that contribute to the microbial diversity of cheese and cheese production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Sun
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis J. D’Amico
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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McCarthy A, Saldana L, Ackerman DN, Su Y, John JV, Chen S, Weihs S, Reid SP, Santarpia JL, Carlson MA, Xie J. Ultra-absorptive Nanofiber Swabs for Improved Collection and Test Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 and other Biological Specimens. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1508-1516. [PMID: 33501831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Following the COVID-19 outbreak, swabs for biological specimen collection were thrust to the forefront of healthcare materials. Swab sample collection and recovery are vital for reducing false negative diagnostic tests, early detection of pathogens, and harvesting DNA from limited biological samples. In this study, we report a new class of nanofiber swabs tipped with hierarchical 3D nanofiber objects produced by expanding electrospun membranes with a solids-of-revolution-inspired gas foaming technique. Nanofiber swabs significantly improve absorption and release of proteins, cells, bacteria, DNA, and viruses from solutions and surfaces. Implementation of nanofiber swabs in SARS-CoV-2 detection reduces the false negative rates at two viral concentrations and identifies SARS-CoV-2 at a 10× lower viral concentration compared to flocked and cotton swabs. The nanofiber swabs show great promise in improving test sensitivity, potentially leading to timely and accurate diagnosis of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec McCarthy
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Lorenzo Saldana
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Daniel N Ackerman
- National Strategic Research Institute, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, United States
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Johnson V John
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Shelbie Weihs
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - St Patrick Reid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Joshua L Santarpia
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery-General Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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A fluorescence immunoassay for a rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes on working surfaces. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21729. [PMID: 33303771 PMCID: PMC7729958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for human listeriosis. The increasing incidence of listeriosis induced governments and food manufacturing enterprises to act to diminish the problem. Several methods for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food industries were developed. However, they are time-consuming and require the use of specialized equipment. To reduce the detection time of Listeria monocytogenes in food, in this work we developed a fluorescence sandwich immunoassay based on the use of an innovative chitosan-cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) membrane that improves the antigen capture during bacterial growth. The combined use of CNC film for the capture of p60 protein-specific antigen together with the use of fluorescence detection reduced the time of analysis from 24 to 12 h with a limit of detection (LOD) of the assay of 102 CFU/mL (2 Log). In addition, the use of monoclonal anti-PepD covalently immobilized to a CNC membrane assured a high specificity of the assay. Interestingly, the obtained results show no cross-reactivity with the five most diffused pathogen bacteria strains tested.
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Li F, Xian Z, Kwon HJ, Yoo J, Burall L, Chirtel SJ, Hammack TS, Chen Y. Comparison of three neutralizing broths for environmental sampling of low levels of Listeria monocytogenes desiccated on stainless steel surfaces and exposed to quaternary ammonium compounds. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:333. [PMID: 33138783 PMCID: PMC7607625 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An effective environmental sampling method involves the use of a transport/neutralizing broth with the ability to neutralize sanitizer residues that are collected during sampling and to maintain viability of stressed Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) cells. Results We applied Lm onto stainless steel surfaces and then subjected Lm to desiccation stress for 16–18 h at room temperature (RT, 21–24 °C). This was followed by the subsequent application of Whisper™ V, a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based sanitizer, diluted to 400 ppm and 8000 ppm of active quat, for 6 h. We then sampled Lm with sponges pre-moistened in three transport broths, Dey/Engley (D/E) broth, Letheen broth and HiCap™ broth, to generate environmental samples that contained sanitizer residues and low levels of stressed Lm, which were subsequently analyzed by an enrichment-based method. This scheme conformed with validation guidelines of AOAC International by using 20 environmental test portions per broth that contained low levels of Lm such that not all test portions were positive (i.e., fractional positive). We showed that D/E broth, Letheen broth and HiCap™ broth performed similarly when no quat or 400 ppm of quat was applied to the Lm contaminating stainless steel surfaces. However, when 8000 ppm of quat was applied, Letheen broth did not effectively neutralize the QAC in the samples. These comparisons were performed on samples stored under three conditions after collection to replicate scenarios of sample transport, RT for 2 h, 4 °C for 24 h and 4 °C for 72 h. Comparisons under the three different scenarios generally reached the same conclusions. In addition, we further demonstrated that storing Letheen and HiCap™ broths at RT for two months before sampling did not reduce their capacity to neutralize sanitizers. Conclusions We developed a scheme to evaluate the ability of transport broths to neutralize QAC sanitizers. The three transport broths performed similarly with a commonly used concentration of quat, but Letheen broth could not effectively neutralize a very high concentration of QAC. The performance of transport broths was not significantly affected under the assessed pre-sampling and post-sampling storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Li
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zhihan Xian
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hee Jin Kwon
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jiyoon Yoo
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Laurel Burall
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stuart J Chirtel
- Office of Analytical Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Thomas S Hammack
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
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Lane K, McLANDSBOROUGH LA, Autio WR, Kinchla AJ. Efficacy of ATP Monitoring for Measuring Organic Matter on Postharvest Food Contact Surfaces. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1829-1837. [PMID: 32991724 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Food Safety Modernization Act, specifically the Produce Safety Rule, requires growers to clean and sanitize food contact surfaces to protect against produce contamination. An ATP monitoring device is a potential sanitation tool to monitor the efficacy of an on-farm cleaning and sanitation program that could help growers meet regulatory expectations mandated by the Produce Safety Rule. This ATP monitoring device uses bioluminescence to detect all ATP (found in bacteria and produce matter cells) from a swabbed surface. Because little work has been done to test the efficacy of these tools under postharvest conditions, the present study evaluated ATP measurement for postharvest food contact surface cleanliness evaluation. Concentrations of leafy greens (spinach, romaine, and red cabbage, with or without Listeria innocua) were used as organic matter applied to stainless steel, high-density polyethylene plastic, and bamboo wood coupons to represent postharvest food contact surfaces. The ATP levels on the coupons were then measured by using swabs and an ATP monitoring device. Results showed that the concentration of L. innocua and leafy greens on a food contact surface had a highly significant effect on the ATP monitoring device reading (P < 0.0001). The ATP monitoring device had a lower limit of detection for L. innocua at 4.5 log CFU per coupon. The type of leafy green on a food contact surface did not affect the ATP reading (P = 0.88). Leafy greens with added L. innocua had a higher ATP reading when compared with saline and L. innocua, demonstrating the presence of leafy green matter contributes to ATP reading when combined with L. innocua. The different food contact surfaces had different ATP response readings (P = 0.03), resulting in no detectable levels of bacteria and/or leafy green material from bamboo wood surfaces (P = 0.16). On the basis of our results, the ATP measurement is an appropriate tool to measure produce or bacterial contamination on stainless steel or high-density polyethylene plastic surfaces; however, it is not recommended for wood surfaces. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Lane
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-5100 [K.L.])
| | | | - Wesley R Autio
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Amanda J Kinchla
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Application of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification with Lateral Flow for a Naked-Eye Detection of Listeria monocytogenes on Food Processing Surfaces. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091249. [PMID: 32906705 PMCID: PMC7555525 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous contamination of foods with L. monocytogenes, highlights the need for additional controls in the food industry. The verification of food processing plants is key to avoid cross-contaminations, and to assure the safety of the food products. In this study, a new methodology for the detection of L. monocytogenes on food contact surfaces was developed and evaluated. It combines Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) with the lateral flow (LF) naked-eye detection. Different approaches for the recovery of the bacteria from the surface, the enrichment step and downstream analysis by RPA-LF were tested and optimized. The results were compared with a standard culture-based technique and qPCR analysis. Sampling procedure with sponges was more efficient for the recovery of the bacteria than a regular swab. A 24 h enrichment in ONE broth was needed for the most sensitive detection of the pathogen. By RPA-LF, it was possible to detect 1.1 pg/µL of pure L. monocytogenes DNA, and the complete methodology reached a LoD50 of 4.2 CFU/cm2 and LoD95 of 18.2 CFU/cm2. These results are comparable with the culture-based methodology and qPCR. The developed approach allows for a next-day detection without complex equipment and a naked-eye visualization of the results.
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Comparative recovery of Listeria spp. From dairy environmental surfaces using 3M™ and World Bioproducts© environmental swabs with standard enrichment and enumeration methods. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jones SL, Gibson KE. Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Environmental Monitoring Tools for the Recovery and Release of Viruses. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2020; 12:158-166. [PMID: 32086770 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. FDA Food Safety Modernization Act Preventive Controls for Human Food Rule emphasizes the importance of an effective environmental monitoring (EM) program. This study aims to characterize polyurethane foam (PUF) EM tools-currently used in the food industry for the recovery of bacteria from food contact surfaces-for their efficacy in the release and recovery of human enteric viruses. Two viruses (human norovirus [hNoV] and Tulane virus [TV]) were compared at varying inoculum levels, with two EM tools (PUF swab and sponge), two delayed processing times (24 h and 72 h), and one surface type (stainless steel [SS]). Specifically, the objectives were to (1) determine the ability of PUF devices to release viruses for detection and (2) assess the ability of PUF devices to recover viruses from SS surfaces. For TV release from the sponge, there was a significant difference (p = 0.0064) when compared across inoculum level (105 plaque forming unit [PFU]/sponge vs. 102 PFU/sponge). Release of hNoV at a single inoculum level by PUF sponge and swab was compared resulting in a significant difference (p < 0.0001). Data on recovery of TV from SS surfaces using both the sponge and swab indicate significant differences depending on the inoculum level. Recovery of hNoV from SS surfaces differed significantly (p = 0.0030) between the sponge and swab devices. Overall, the study provides a detailed characterization of two commercially available, PUF-based EM tools, and the differences identified in this study can be used to improve the efficacy of EM tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Jones
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Kristen E Gibson
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA.
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Rawlinson S, Ciric L, Cloutman-Green E. How to carry out microbiological sampling of healthcare environment surfaces? A review of current evidence. J Hosp Infect 2019; 103:363-374. [PMID: 31369807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the hospital surface environment contributes to the spread of pathogens. However, evidence on how best to sample these surfaces is inconsistent and there is no guidance or legislation in place on how to do this. The aim of this review was to assess current literature on surface sampling methodologies, including the devices used, processing methods, and the environmental and biological factors that might influence results. Studies published prior to March 2019 were selected using relevant keywords from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed. Abstracts were reviewed and all data-based studies in peer-reviewed journals in the English language were included. Microbiological air and water sampling in the hospital environment were not included. Although the numbers of cells or virions recovered from hospital surface environments were generally low, the majority of surfaces sampled were microbiologically contaminated. Of the organisms detected, multidrug-resistant organisms and clinically significant pathogens were frequently isolated and could, therefore, present a risk to vulnerable patients. Great variation was found between methods and the available data were incomplete and incomparable. Available literature on sampling methods demonstrated deficits with potential improvements for future research. Many of the studies included in the review were laboratory-based and not undertaken in the real hospital environment where sampling recoveries could be affected by the many variables present in a clinical environment. It was therefore difficult to draw overall conclusions; however, some recommendations for the design of routine protocols for surface sampling of healthcare environments can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rawlinson
- University College London, Chadwick Building, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, London, UK
| | - L Ciric
- University College London, Chadwick Building, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, London, UK
| | - E Cloutman-Green
- University College London, Chadwick Building, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camiliar Botnar Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, London, UK.
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Jones SL, Ricke SC, Keith Roper D, Gibson KE. Swabbing the surface: critical factors in environmental monitoring and a path towards standardization and improvement. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:225-243. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1521369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Jones
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - D. Keith Roper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kristen E. Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Ahnrud GP, Mendoza AJ, Hurley MJ, Marek PJ. Efficacy of a Sonicating Swab for Removal and Capture of Microorganisms from Experimental and Natural Contaminated Surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00208-18. [PMID: 29500264 PMCID: PMC5930312 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00208-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancements in swabbing technology to increase sample collection efficacy would benefit the food industry. Specifically, these enhancements would assist the food industry in implementing the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) requirements by improving environmental monitoring effectiveness. A sonicating swab device, an example of an enhanced swabbing technology, was demonstrated previously to remove biofilm from stainless steel more efficiently than a standard cotton swab. Within this study, the performance of the sonicating swab was compared to that of the standard cotton swab for the recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from inoculated surfaces (plastic cutting board, wood cutting board, vinyl floor tile, and quarry clay floor tile). Additionally, we demonstrate the sonicating swab performance for collection of a microbiological sample from used commercial plastic cutting boards (noninoculated) in comparison to cotton swabs, foam swabs, and sponges. The sonicating swab captured significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more L. monocytogenes than the cotton swab for both the quarry tile and wood cutting board, while no significant differences were observed for the plastic cutting board or the vinyl floor tile. The sonicating swab consistently recovered significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more bacteria from the used cutting boards than did the standard cotton swab or the 3M Enviro swab, and it recovered significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more bacteria than the sponge swab for a majority of the time (4 of 6 trials). The results of this study indicate that swab technology can still be improved and that the sonicating swab is a viable technological enhancement which aids microbiological sample collection.IMPORTANCE Swabbing of surface areas for microbial contamination has been the standard for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms for many years. Inadequate surface sampling can result in foodborne illness outbreaks due to biotransfer of harmful microorganisms from food contact surfaces to foods. Swab material type, surface characteristics, and swabbing method used are a few of the factors associated with swabbing that can result in the variability of bacterial cell recovery for detection and enumeration. A previous study highlighted a sonicating swab prototype and its ability to recover cells from a stainless steel surface more efficiently and reliably than a standard swab method (T. A. Branck, M. J. Hurley, G. N. Prata, C. A. Crivello, and P. J. Marek, Appl Environ Microbiol 83:e00109-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00109-17). This study expands upon the capabilities of the sonicating swab technology to recover cells from multiple surface types with increased performance over traditional swabbing methods as a tool to further assist in the prevention of foodborne illness outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna P Ahnrud
- Food Protection and Innovative Packaging Team, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alma J Mendoza
- Food Protection and Innovative Packaging Team, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Hurley
- Design, Engineering and Fabrication Team, Engineering Cell, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick J Marek
- Food Protection and Innovative Packaging Team, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Witte AK, Leeb C, Pinior B, Mester P, Fister S, Bobal M, Schoder D, Rossmanith P. Influence of sampling and DNA extraction on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing - Comparison of the bacterial community between two food processing plants. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Saipullizan SNA, Mutalib SA, Sedek R. Escherichia coli and coliforms level of food utensils at food premises in Kuala Pilah, Malaysia. AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5028020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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18
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Maes S, Huu SN, Heyndrickx M, Weyenberg SV, Steenackers H, Verplaetse A, Vackier T, Sampers I, Raes K, Reu KD. Evaluation of Two Surface Sampling Methods for Microbiological and Chemical Analyses To Assess the Presence of Biofilms in Food Companies. J Food Prot 2017; 80:2022-2028. [PMID: 29140744 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are an important source of contamination in food companies, yet the composition of biofilms in practice is still mostly unknown. The chemical and microbiological characterization of surface samples taken after cleaning and disinfection is very important to distinguish free-living bacteria from the attached bacteria in biofilms. In this study, sampling methods that are potentially useful for both chemical and microbiological analyses of surface samples were evaluated. In the manufacturing facilities of eight Belgian food companies, surfaces were sampled after cleaning and disinfection using two sampling methods: the scraper-flocked swab method and the sponge stick method. Microbiological and chemical analyses were performed on these samples to evaluate the suitability of the sampling methods for the quantification of extracellular polymeric substance components and microorganisms originating from biofilms in these facilities. The scraper-flocked swab method was most suitable for chemical analyses of the samples because the material in these swabs did not interfere with determination of the chemical components. For microbiological enumerations, the sponge stick method was slightly but not significantly more effective than the scraper-flocked swab method. In all but one of the facilities, at least 20% of the sampled surfaces had more than 102 CFU/100 cm2. Proteins were found in 20% of the chemically analyzed surface samples, and carbohydrates and uronic acids were found in 15 and 8% of the samples, respectively. When chemical and microbiological results were combined, 17% of the sampled surfaces were contaminated with both microorganisms and at least one of the analyzed chemical components; thus, these surfaces were characterized as carrying biofilm. Overall, microbiological contamination in the food industry is highly variable by food sector and even within a facility at various sampling points and sampling times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Maes
- 1 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Son Nguyen Huu
- 2 Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University-Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- 1 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.,3 Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stephanie van Weyenberg
- 1 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Hans Steenackers
- 4 Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- 5 Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vackier
- 5 Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imca Sampers
- 2 Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University-Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- 2 Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University-Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen De Reu
- 1 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
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Branck TA, Hurley MJ, Prata GN, Crivello CA, Marek PJ. Efficacy of a Sonicating Swab for Removal and Capture of Listeria monocytogenes in Biofilms on Stainless Steel. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00109-17. [PMID: 28314729 PMCID: PMC5440701 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00109-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is of great concern in food processing facilities because it persists in biofilms, facilitating biotransfer. Stainless steel is commonly used for food contact surfaces and transport containers. L. monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel served as a model system for surface sampling, to test the performance of a sonicating swab in comparison with a standard cotton swab. Swab performance and consistency were determined using total viable counts. Stainless steel coupons sampled with both types of swabs were examined using scanning electron microscopy, to visualize biofilms and surface structures (i.e., polishing grooves and scratches). Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to image and to quantitate the biofilms remaining after sampling with each swab type. The total viable counts were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) with the sonicating swab than with the standard swab in each trial. The sonicating swab was more consistent in cell recovery than was the standard swab, with coefficients of variation ranging from 8.9% to 12.3% and from 7.1% to 37.6%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic imaging showed that biofilms remained in the polished grooves of the coupons sampled with the standard swab but were noticeably absent with the sonicating swab. Percent area measurements of biofilms remaining on the stainless steel coupons showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less biofilm remaining when the sonicating swab was used (median, 1.1%), compared with the standard swab (median, 70.4%). The sonicating swab provided greater recovery of cells, with more consistency, than did the standard swab, and it is employs sonication, suction, and scrubbing.IMPORTANCE Inadequate surface sampling can result in foodborne illness outbreaks from biotransfer, since verification of sanitization protocols relies on surface sampling and recovery of microorganisms for detection and enumeration. Swabbing is a standard method for microbiological sampling of surfaces. Although swabbing offers portability and ease of use, there are limitations, such as high user variability and low recovery rates, which can be attributed to many different causes. This study demonstrates some benefits that a sonicating swab has over a standard swab for removal and collection of microbiological samples from a surface, to provide better verification of surface cleanliness and to help decrease the potential for biotransfer of pathogens into foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobyn A Branck
- Biological Science and Technology Team, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Hurley
- Design, Engineering, and Fabrication Team, Engineering Cell, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianna N Prata
- Food Protection and Innovative Packaging Team, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina A Crivello
- Food Protection and Innovative Packaging Team, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick J Marek
- Food Protection and Innovative Packaging Team, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Zakaria F, Harelimana B, Ćurko J, van de Vossenberg J, Garcia HA, Hooijmans CM, Brdjanovic D. Effectiveness of UV-C light irradiation on disinfection of an eSOS(®) smart toilet evaluated in a temporary settlement in the Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:536-553. [PMID: 27666295 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2016.1217313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet germicidal (short wavelength UV-C) light was studied as surface disinfectant in an Emergency Sanitation Operation System(®) smart toilet to aid to the work of manual cleaning. The UV-C light was installed and regulated as a self-cleaning feature of the toilet, which automatically irradiate after each toilet use. Two experimental phases were conducted i.e. preparatory phase consists of tests under laboratory conditions and field testing phase. The laboratory UV test indicated that irradiation for 10 min with medium-low intensity of 0.15-0.4 W/m(2) could achieve 6.5 log removal of Escherichia coli. Field testing of the toilet under real usage found that UV-C irradiation was capable to inactivate total coliform at toilet surfaces within 167-cm distance from the UV-C lamp (UV-C dose between 1.88 and 2.74 mW). UV-C irradiation is most effective with the support of effective manual cleaning. Application of UV-C for surface disinfection in emergency toilets could potentially reduce public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Zakaria
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Technology , UNESCO-IHE , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Bertin Harelimana
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Technology , UNESCO-IHE , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Josip Ćurko
- b Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Jack van de Vossenberg
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Technology , UNESCO-IHE , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Hector A Garcia
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Technology , UNESCO-IHE , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Christine Maria Hooijmans
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Technology , UNESCO-IHE , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Damir Brdjanovic
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Technology , UNESCO-IHE , Delft , The Netherlands
- c Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
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21
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Finazzi G, Losio MN, Varisco G. FLOQSwab™: Optimisation of Procedures for the Recovery of Microbiological Samples from Surfaces. Ital J Food Saf 2016; 5:5756. [PMID: 27853708 PMCID: PMC5090112 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2016.5756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The FLOQSwab™ is a specimen collection device worldwide recognised for its superior performance in the clinical diagnostics. The aim of this work was to evaluate FLOQSwab™ for the recovery of microbiological samples from surfaces compared to the traditional swab (rayon tipped swab) as per ISO 18593:2004 standard. The FLOQSwab™, thanks to its innovative manufacturing technology, allows improving the efficiency of recovery and release of analyte. The study has been divided into two experiments. In the first experiment the two swabs were evaluated for their capacity to recover and release the analyte (three different bacterial loads of Escherichia coli). In the second experiment, the two swabs were evaluated for their capacity to recover three different bacterial loads of E. coli from two different surface materials (stainless steel and polypropylene). In all experiments the flocked swab demonstrated a higher recovery rate compared to the traditional rayon tipped swab. The data obtained from this preliminary study demonstrated that the FLOQSwab™ could be a good food surfaces collection device, which improves the recovery of the analyte and thus produces accurate results. Based on the outcomes of the study, a larger field study is in progress using the FLOQSwab™ for samples collection to improve both environmental monitoring and the efficacy of the hygiene controls for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Finazzi
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna , Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Nadia Losio
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna , Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Varisco
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna , Brescia, Italy
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22
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De Boeck E, Jacxsens L, Bollaerts M, Uyttendaele M, Vlerick P. Interplay between food safety climate, food safety management system and microbiological hygiene in farm butcheries and affiliated butcher shops. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Calasso M, Ercolini D, Mancini L, Stellato G, Minervini F, Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M. Relationships among house, rind and core microbiotas during manufacture of traditional Italian cheeses at the same dairy plant. Food Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Mikš-Krajnik M, Lim HSY, Zheng Q, Turner M, Yuk HG. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) coupled with bioluminescence for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes at low levels on food contact surfaces. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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House microbiotas as sources of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in traditional Italian sourdoughs. Food Microbiol 2015; 52:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Gómez D, Iguácel LP, Rota MC, Carramiñana JJ, Ariño A, Yangüela J. Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Meat Products and Meat Processing Plants in Spain. Foods 2015; 4:271-282. [PMID: 28231204 PMCID: PMC5224534 DOI: 10.3390/foods4030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in several types of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products and in the environment of meat processing plants. A total of 129 samples of RTE meat products and 110 samples from work surfaces and equipment were analyzed. L. monocytogenes was detected in 6 out of 35 cooked products (17.14%), 21 out of 57 raw-cured products (36.84%), and 9 out of 37 dry-cured, salted products (24.32%). The number of sample units that exceeded the food safety limit of 100 cfu/g decreased from the manufacture date to half shelf life, and then it was further reduced at the end of shelf life. L. monocytogenes was detected in 25 out of 110 (22.72%) food contact surfaces. The number of positive and negative results from both food and environmental samples were cross-tabulated and the calculated Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was 0.3233, indicating a fair agreement in terms of Listeria contamination. L.monocytogenes was recovered after cleaning and disinfection procedures in four plants, highlighting the importance of thorough cleaning and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gómez
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, c/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | - Laura Pilar Iguácel
- Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain.
| | - Mª Carmen Rota
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, c/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | - Juan José Carramiñana
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, c/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | - Agustín Ariño
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, c/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | - Javier Yangüela
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, c/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
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27
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Gião MS, Blanc S, Porta S, Belenguer J, Keevil CW. Improved recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from stainless steel and polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces using air/water ablation. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:253-62. [PMID: 25943582 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a gentle ablation technique to recover Listeria monocytogenes biofilms from stainless steel (SS) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surfaces by using compressed air and water injection. METHODS AND RESULTS Biofilms were grown for 4, 24 and 48 h or 7 days and a compressed air and water flow at 2, 3 and 4 bars was applied for cell removal. Collected cells were quantified for total/dead by staining with SYTO 9/PI double staining and cultivable populations were determined by plating onto brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, while coupon surfaces also were stained with DAPI to quantify in situ the remaining cells. The recovery efficiency was compared to that of conventional swabbing. Results showed that the air/water ablation is able to collect up to 98·6% of cells from SS surfaces while swabbing only recovered 11·2% of biofilm. Moreover, air/water ablation recovered 99·9% of cells from PTFE surfaces. CONCLUSIONS The high recovery rate achieved by this technique, along with the fact that cells were able to retain membrane integrity and cultivability, indicate that this device is suitable for the gentle recovery of viable L. monocytogenes biofilm cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work presents a highly efficient technique to remove, collect and quantify L. monocytogenes from surfaces commonly used in the food industry, which can thus serve as an important aid in verifying cleaning and sanitation as well as in reducing the likelihood of cross-contamination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Gião
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S Blanc
- 40-30, Parc Technologique des Fontaines, Chemin des Franques, Bernin, France
| | - S Porta
- Ainia, Parque Tecnólogico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Belenguer
- Ainia, Parque Tecnólogico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C W Keevil
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Purdy-Gibson ME, France M, Hundley TC, Eid N, Remold SK. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in CF and non-CF homes is found predominantly in drains. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 14:341-6. [PMID: 25443472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a major contributor to progressive lung disease. While colonizing strains are thought to be primarily environmental, which environments are important in lung colonization is unclear. METHODS We took 11,674 samples from a broad range of sites over 3-8 visits to homes with (7) and without (8) CF patients. RESULTS Twenty-eight percent of sampled drains yielded P. aeruginosa at least once, and a general mixed linear model estimated that 6.3% of samples from drains yield P. aeruginosa. This is more than eight times the estimated recovery from any other type of household environment. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate drains as important potential sources of P. aeruginosa infection. They suggest that maximizing P. aeruginosa control efforts for drains would reduce exposure with minimal extra burden to CF patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Purdy-Gibson
- University of Louisville, Dept. of Biology, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - M France
- University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - T C Hundley
- University of Louisville, Dept. of Biology, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - N Eid
- University of Louisville Medical School, Dept. of Pediatric Pulmonology, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - S K Remold
- University of Louisville, Dept. of Biology, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
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