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Taherian MR, Fatemian F, Halimi A, Soleimani Y, Jorjani G, Nozari P, Mosavi Jarrahi A, Nazari SSH, Al-Yateem N, Al-Marzouqi A, Humid A, Rahman SA. Prevalence of asthma among children and adolescents in WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Region: a meta-analysis of over 0.5 million participants. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2148. [PMID: 39112964 PMCID: PMC11308745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of asthma among children and adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. METHODS Exhaustive searches were conducted across databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge Core Collection, Embase, and Google Scholar. The selection criteria included studies reporting asthma prevalence in individuals aged 0 to 19 years, using validated questionnaires. Data were extracted and synthesized using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. RESULTS The overall prevalence of asthma in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) countries, among the 514,468 children and adolescents included in this meta-analysis, was 10.61%, synthesized from 95 studies. Among the countries studied, Qatar exhibited the highest prevalence at 16.69%, followed by Saudi Arabia at 16.57%, Iraq at 16.22%, Oman at 15.20%, and Afghanistan at 14.90%. Adolescents showed a slightly higher prevalence of asthma at 10.10% compared to children at 9.70%. Boys exhibited a higher prevalence at 11.48% compared to girls at 9.75%. Urban areas demonstrated a higher prevalence at 11.27% than rural areas at 8.29%. CONCLUSION Efforts to reduce asthma prevalence in Arab countries and address underdiagnosis in African nations within the EMRO are crucial. Targeted interventions should focus on addressing environmental triggers and improving access to healthcare. Enhanced diagnostic capabilities and healthcare infrastructure are necessary in African countries. Collaborative action is essential to alleviate the asthma burden and promote respiratory health across the EMRO region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Taherian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Fatemian
- Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aram Halimi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Soleimani
- Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Goljamal Jorjani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Nozari
- Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Aysha Humid
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - Syed Azizur Rahman
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University of Sharjah, UAE.
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Alhawari H, AlShelleh S, Alhawari H, AlRyalat SA, Khanfar AN, Alzoubi O. Prevalence of Undiagnosed Hypertension and Its Predictors in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7919-7928. [PMID: 36317098 PMCID: PMC9617551 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s388121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Undiagnosed hypertension is a serious issue that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aim to identify the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in the healthy Jordanian population, as well as identify predictors of high blood pressure readings in presumably healthy Jordanians. Materials and Methods We recruited healthy visitors accompanying patients at our Jordan University Hospital Clinics ranging from 18 to 80 years of age. We measured each participant's systolic and diastolic blood pressure at our outpatient clinics on two different days, one week apart. We also obtained demographic data, weight, height, smoking status, and family history of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Results A total of 896 participants were included in this study with a mean age of 48 years. The median of systolic blood pressure readings was 125 mmHg, and the median of diastolic blood pressure readings was 83 mmHg. 38.5% had undiagnosed stage 1 hypertension and 30.5% had undiagnosed stage 2 hypertension according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. On the other hand, 25.4% had undiagnosed grade 1 hypertension and 5.1% had undiagnosed grade 2 hypertension according to the European Society of Hypertension guidelines. Conclusion According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, 68.5% of previously healthy Jordanians met the criteria to be diagnosed with hypertension. Predictors of high systolic blood pressure were age, BMI and family history of CAD, while female gender is associated with a lower systolic blood pressure. For diastolic blood pressure, only BMI and family history of CAD were associated with significantly higher diastolic blood pressure, while female gender and exercise were significantly associated with lower diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan,Correspondence: Hussein Alhawari, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan, Email
| | - Sameeha AlShelleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hussam Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saif Aldeen AlRyalat
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asim N Khanfar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Osama Alzoubi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude, and Predictors of Waterpipe Smoking among School Adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2022; 2022:1902829. [PMID: 36263374 PMCID: PMC9553653 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1902829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and predictors of waterpipe (WP) smoking among intermediate and secondary school adolescents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used to collect data on demography, WP smoking status and patterns, the Arabic version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey tool, and instruments to assess knowledge and attitude towards WP smoking. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was also used. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used. Modeling of WP smoking behavior was conducted using logistic regression. A total of 639 male students participated in this study. The prevalence of current WP and cigarette smokers were 17.7% and 14.6%, respectively. Out of the total population, 47.8% of students have the misconception that WP smoking is less harmful than cigarettes. A significant association (P < 0.05) of some demographic factors (age, school stage, residence, and parents' educational level) on WP smoking status was observed. Pleasure, socializing, and happiness represented the primary motives for initiating WP smoking. The majority of students had misconceptions about WP's health effects. More than 50% believed that smoking WP could ease anxiety, cause less harm, and has less addictive properties compared to cigarettes. Modeling suggested that the most significant predictors of WP smoking were cigarette smoking, depression, and the attitude index. Current findings warrant further research and official health programs to promote educational initiatives regarding WP smoking.
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Alomari MA, Al-sheyab NA, Shattnawi KK, Khabour OF. Gender-specific differences in plasma ferritin in adolescents smoking cigarettes versus waterpipe smoking: the Irbid-TRY Project. Arch Med Sci 2021; 20:806-812. [PMID: 39050182 PMCID: PMC11264140 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ferritin has been implicated in body physiology and pathology. Smoking cigarettes (Cg) alters ferritin metabolism. Waterpipe (Wp) smoking has recently reemerged as a global epidemic and is linked to the most devastating diseases. However, the effect of smoking Wp on ferritin is not known. Therefore, the current study compared plasma ferritin in adolescents smoking Cg, Wp, both (CgWp) versus never smoked. Material and methods Self-reported smoking status and plasma ferritin levels were obtained from 849 boys (n = 470) and girls (n = 379) in the 7th-10th grade (age range = 13-17 years). Results The ANCOVA revealed a main effect for gender (p < 0.000) and smoking status (p < 0.02) without an interaction effect (p > 0.9). Post-hoc analysis showed greater plasma ferritin in the adolescents smoking Wp (p < 0.03) and CgWp (p < 0.004) versus never smoked. Gender-stratified ANCOVA showed a main effect for smoking status in the boys (p < 0.02) and girls (p < 0.03). Additional comparisons among the boys showed greater plasma ferritin in the Wp (p < 0.006) and CgWp (p < 0.008) smoking groups versus never smoking, without differences (p > 0.5) between Wp and CgWp smoking. Another subgroup comparison showed greater plasma ferritin in the girls smoking Cg (p < 0.02) and CgWp (p < 0.02) versus never smoking, without a difference (p > 0.3) between Cg and CgWp smoking. Conclusions The results indicate that ferritin is elevated in adolescent smokers, particularly the boys smoking Wp and CgWp and in the girls smoking Cg and CgWp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nihaya A. Al-sheyab
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khulood K. Shattnawi
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH. Gender-specific relationship of circulatory measures with waterpipe smoking: The Irbid WiHi project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Alomari MA, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF. Differences in oxidative stress profile in adolescents smoking waterpipe versus cigarettes: The Irbid TRY Project. Physiol Rep 2020. [PMCID: PMC7484827 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Department of Physical Education Qatar University Doha Qatar
- Division of Physical Therapy Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
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Sabi SH, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Cobb CO, Eissenberg T. Changes at global and site-specific DNA methylation of MLH1 gene promoter induced by waterpipe smoking in blood lymphocytes and oral epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:124-130. [PMID: 32319830 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1754972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Cigarette tobacco smoking has been shown to cause cancer through different mechanisms that include epigenetic modulation of tumor-suppressor genes. In the present study, the association between global and MLH1 gene promoter methylation and waterpipe tobacco smoking was investigated. Materials and Methods: Blood lymphocytes and oral epithelium were sampled from 150 pure waterpipe smokers and 150 never-smokers from Jordan. Methylation assessment was performed using the methylation-specific PCR technique for MLH1 gene and ELISA for global DNA methylation. Results: Significant increases were shown in global DNA methylation as measured in blood lymphocytes (p < 0.01). In addition, increases in MLH1 gene promoter methylation among waterpipe smokers compared to nonsmokers (p < 0.001) in both oral epithelium and blood lymphocytes was also observed. In addition, strong correlation was found between LWDS-10J dependence score and magnitude of promoter specific methylation of MLH1 (r2 = 0.74-0.78, p < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of methylated MLH1 promoter was not affected by age or gender (p > 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: Collectively, the results indicate that waterpipe tobacco use is associated with epigenetic changes that might predispose users to lung and blood cancers. The results highlight the need for actions to discourage waterpipe smoking and can be used in cessation interventions that target this type of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salsabeel H Sabi
- Department of Applied Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Khabour OF, Abu-Eitah RN, Alzoubi KH, Abu-Siniyeh A, Eissenberg T. The effect of genetic variations in the choline acetyltransferase gene (ChAT) on waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:27. [PMID: 32292317 PMCID: PMC7152786 DOI: 10.18332/tid/118233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WS) is a popular form of tobacco use, globally. While the impact of genetic variations on smoking behavior has been well-investigated, few studies have examined this issue with regard to WS. In the current study, associations between choline acetyltransferase gene (ChAT) rs1917810 and rs7094248 polymorphisms and WS dependence were examined. METHODS Genotyping of rs1917810 and rs7094248 in 266 Jordanian waterpipe smokers was performed using RFLP-PCR. Dependence on WS was measured using the LWDS-10J scale. RESULTS The frequency of rs1917810 G allele was 38.5% and that of the rs7094248 G allele was 40.8%. The rs1917810 was significantly associated with the WS dependence level (p<0.05). Carriers of the AA genotype of rs1917810 were more dependent on WS than those with GG genotype (p<0.05). However, no association between rs7094248 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and dependence on WS was observed (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The rs1917810 in the ChAT gene might be associated with dependence on WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rawan N Abu-Eitah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Abu-Siniyeh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States.,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States
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Alomari MA, Al-Sheyab NA, Mokdad AH. Gender-Specific Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Differences in Adolescents Smoking Cigarettes, Waterpipes or Both. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:296-303. [PMID: 31556788 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1666146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: The effect of concurrent cigarette and waterpipe (i.e. both) smoking on cardiovascular function is still a scarce, especially among adolescents. Objective: Therefore, the study aimed at comparing cardiovascular measures among adolescents smoking cigarettes, waterpipe, or both, versus never smoking. Methods: Self-reported smoking status and cardiovascular measures were obtained from 771 boys (n = 475) and girls (n = 296) in the 7th-10th grade. Results: Stepwise regression showed that smoking explained (p < .05) 4.8% of heart rate, 6.1% of diastolic blood pressure, 3.9% of mean arterial pressure, 2.8% of pulse pressure, and 4.0% of rate pressure products. The gender-stratified one-way (4 smoking group) ANCOVA revealed greater (p < .05) heart rate and diminished (p < .05) diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and rate pressure product in the boys smoking cigarettes, waterpipe, or both versus the ones never smoked, but not in the girls. No differences (p > .05) were found between the smoking groups (cigarettes, waterpipe, versus both). Conclusions: The study indicates that cardiovascular measures are equally altered among the boys, but not the girls, smoking cigarettes, waterpipe, or both as compared to the ones never smoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- Division of Physical Education, Department Educational Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nihaya A Al-Sheyab
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Allied Medical Sciences Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Faculty of Nursing, Maternal and Child Health Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Al-Sheyab NA, Khader YS, Shah S, Roydhouse JK, Gallagher R. The Effect of a "Class Smoke Free Pledge" on Breath Carbon Monoxide in Arabic Male Adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:568-574. [PMID: 28340136 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Arabic male adolescents have a high smoking prevalence. Introduction of "Class smoke-free" pledges have been successful amongst European adolescents but have not been evaluated using objective valid measures. We tested the impact of adding a smoke free pledge strategy to a proven peer-led asthma and smoking prevention program on breath carbon monoxide level (BCO) in male high-school students in Jordan. Methods We enrolled male students from four high-schools in Irbid, Jordan. Schools were randomly assigned to receive either TAJ (Triple A in Jordan, n = 218) or TAJ-Plus (with added class smoke-free pledge, n = 215). We hypothesized that students receiving TAJ-Plus would have greater reduction in BCO levels than those only receiving the TAJ intervention. Asthma and smoking status were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. Smoking outcomes were collected using a BCO Monitor. Results Both groups had significant reductions in BCO levels post-intervention (p < .0001), however, decreases were greater in TAJ-Plus group (3.9 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.2, p < .0001). Intervention effects on BCO over time did not vary by smoking status (p = .085), asthma status (p = .602), or a combination of the two (p = .702). Conclusions An added smoke-free pledge strategy to a proven peer-led asthma education program appears to be a promising approach to motivate adolescents to abstain from smoking in Jordan. Future research is required to determine if these results can be extended to Jordanian adolescent females. Implications A commitment by students via a "class smoke-free" pledge can be an added incentive to motivate adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries to abstain from smoking. Social influence approaches in schools can be useful in countering the aggressive tobacco marketing campaigns targeting Jordanian and other Arabic-speaking youth. The combination of "class smoke-free" pledges and an evidence-based peer-led asthma and smoking education can be implemented in schools to influence adolescents with asthma to abstain from smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihaya A Al-Sheyab
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Charles Perkins Centre/Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yousef S Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health, and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Smita Shah
- School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica K Roydhouse
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Robyn Gallagher
- Charles Perkins Centre/Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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The Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on DNA Integrity Among Youth in Jordan. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-03794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Almomani F, Al-Momani MO, Alsheyab N, Al Mhdawi K. Reasoning Abilities and Potential Correlates Among Jordanian School Children. Matern Child Health J 2019; 22:501-511. [PMID: 29282593 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate factors related to reasoning skills in 434 school children aged 5-9 years. Methods The Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised was used to assess reasoning skills. Demographic, work and family income data, information on child's daily behavior and school academic achievement were provided by the participating children's parents. Results Reasoning scores increased by 4.56 points with increasing subject's age, 1.71 points with increasing level of father's occupation, 1.86 points with each increase in the subject's GPA, 1.13 points with consumption of breakfast at home and 1.81 points when child slept more hours. Having a father who smoked and living in a rural area decreased scores in reasoning. Conclusions for Practice Screening of reasoning and associated factors is essential for a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the child's abilities and limitations. Understanding the child's reasoning abilities is critical for establishing intervention goals and planning therapeutic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidaa Almomani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | | | - Nihayah Alsheyab
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Khader Al Mhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Alomari MA, Al-Sheyab NA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH. Serum VEGF Level Is Different in Adolescents Smoking Waterpipe versus Cigarettes: The Irbid TRY. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E102. [PMID: 30274185 PMCID: PMC6316401 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterpipe (Wp) use is associated with most devastating diseases and particularly popular among adolescents. Vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) is essential for generating new vessels. The effect of smoking tobacco on VEGF is controversial and unknown among adolescents. Therefore, the current study compared serum VEGF in adolescents smoking cigarettes (Cg) only (9.3%), Wp only (19.6%), and dual (Wp and Cg) (36.4%) versus nonsmokers (34.6%) in adolescents. A self-reported questionnaire and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to obtain smoking status and serum VEGF, respectively, in 475 (age: 14.6 ± 1.0 years) boys (n = 263) and girls (n = 212) from Irbid, Jordan. The analysis showed that smoking status (R² = 0.021; p = 0.001) and gender (R² = 0.035; p = 0.000) can predict VEGF. Furthermore, 2-way-ANCOVA revealed that VEGF was lower in the dual cohort versus the Cg (33.4%; p = 0.04) and nonsmoker (29.6%; p = 0.003) cohorts; VEGF in smokers, was lower (33.6%; p = 0.04) in the Wp versus nonsmokers in the boys but not the girls. These results are unique and suggest that smoking lowers VEGF, which might adversely affect vascular growth and function. This is alarming given that adolescents are still in the development stage and smoking, particularly Wp, is popular among them. Therefore, interventions targeting smoking among schoolchildren are urgently needed to avoid the negative effects of smoking, especially on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
- Division of Physical Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Nihaya A Al-Sheyab
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Allied Medical Sciences Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
- Faculty of Nursing, Maternal and Child Health Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Almomani F, Al-sheyab NA, Al-momani MO, Alqhazo M. Memory and potential correlates among children in Jordan. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:127. [PMID: 29751832 PMCID: PMC5948811 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive functioning hugely affects the performance of tasks of different complexity. Memory, one of the most important cognitive skills, allows children to practice and acquire necessary skills and knowledge and interact with the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is crucial to study the factors that influence the memory of children. The main purpose of his study was to investigate different variables related to memory in school aged children (5-9 years, N = 434). METHODS Parents of the participants provided information about child's daily behavior, child's school academic achievement, work and family income data and demographics. Memory skills in children were assessed by using the Leiter International Performance Scale -Revised. RESULTS The score of memory increased 2.53 points with upsurge in maternal occupation level, 3.08 points when the child ate breakfast and 4.51 points when the child daily slept nine hours and more. By contrast, increased family income and smoking by father resulted in decreased scores in memory. CONCLUSION Screening for and understanding of memory and relevant factors are vital for broad understanding of children's capabilities and weaknesses as well as for developing appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidaa Almomani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nihaya A. Al-sheyab
- 0000 0001 0097 5797grid.37553.37Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Murad O. Al-momani
- 0000 0004 1773 5396grid.56302.32Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin Alqhazo
- 0000 0001 0097 5797grid.37553.37Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
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Al-sheyab NA, Alomari MA. Unhealthy eating habits among adolescent waterpipe smokers in Jordan: The Irbid-TRY study. Tob Induc Dis 2018; 16:19. [PMID: 31516419 PMCID: PMC6659496 DOI: 10.18332/tid/89976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between waterpipe smoking and eating habits among adolescents has not been investigated, thus the aim of the current study was to compare eating habits among adolescent cigarette-only, waterpipe-only, dual smokers versus non-smokers. We hypothesize that adolescent smokers practice unhealthy eating habits with worse habits among waterpipe smokers and dual smokers. METHODS Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, self-reporting patterns of waterpipe, cigarette smoking and eating habits were collected from a random representative sample of 1720 boys and girls in grades 7-10 in Northern Jordan. RESULTS A total of 6.9%, 23.2% and 26.2% reported cigarette-only, waterpipe-only, and dual smoking, respectively. After controlling for gender, family income and education level of the mother and father, subsequent post hoc ANCOVA analyses revealed the following: mean (±SD) weekly breakfast consumption was greater in non-smokers (3.9±2.4) than waterpipe-only smokers (3.5±2.5, p=0.040) and dual smokers (3.2±2.5, p<0.000). Mean soda consumption frequency was lower in non-smokers (3.6±2.3) versus waterpipe-only (4.2±2.3, p=0.004) and dual smokers (2.7±2.2, p<0.000). Mean vegetable consumption was less in waterpipe-only (4.5±2.0, p=0.026) and dual smoking (4.4±2.0, p=0.013) smokers versus non-smokers (4.8±1.8). Mean consumption of energy drinks was the highest among dual smokers (1.2±1.9) versus non-smokers (0.5±1.4, p<0.000), cigarette-only (0.6±1.4, p≤0.01), and waterpipe-only (0.6±1.4, p<0.000) smokers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, both waterpipe and dual smoking are associated with several unhealthy eating habits in adolescents. Given the growing epidemic of tobacco smoking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, especially adolescent waterpipe smoking, and its association with unhealthy eating habits, public health actions and enforcing policies to decrease uptake of waterpipe smoking as well as improving food choices in schools among youth are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihaya A. Al-sheyab
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Brain‐derived neutrophic factor in adolescents smoking waterpipe: The Irbid TRY. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 67:14-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Alomari MA, Al-Sheyab NA. Impact of waterpipe smoking on blood pressure and heart rate among adolescents: The Irbid-TRY. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2017.1394379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nihaya A. Al-Sheyab
- Faculty of Nursing, Maternal and Child Health Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Alomari MA, Al-sheyab NA. Dual tobacco smoking is the new trend among adolescents: Update from the Irbid-TRY. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2017.1348559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nihaya A. Al-sheyab
- Faculty of Nursing, Maternal and Child Health Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Al-Sawalha NA, Migdadi AM, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Qinna NA. Effect of waterpipe tobacco smoking on airway inflammation in murine model of asthma. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:46-52. [PMID: 28330430 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1280105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been an increase in the popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) worldwide, especially in the younger population, including asthma patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of waterpipe smoking on airway inflammation, cytokine levels and oxidative stress markers in an antigen-driven murine model of asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice were divided into four groups; (1) control (received fresh air, ovalbumin sensitization and saline challenge), (2) WTS (received WTS, ovalbumin sensitization and saline challenge), (3) Ova S/C (received fresh air, ovalbumin sensitization and ovalbumin challenge) and (4) simultaneous WTS and Ova S/C (received WTS, ovalbumin sensitization and ovalbumin challenge). Airway inflammatory cells were evaluated in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Cytokines [interleukin (IL)-13, 10 and 18] and oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were evaluated in the lung homogenates. RESULTS Chronic exposure to WTS significantly increased the number of airway inflammatory cells in mice, specifically: eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. The level of IL-13 in the lungs was increased and the level of IL-10 was reduced (p < 0.05) by WTS. Chronic WTS potentiated the increase in inflammatory cells induced by Ova S/C (p < 0.05). The level of IL-13 in the lungs was increased by simultaneous WTS and Ova S/C (p < 0.05) while, levels of IL-10, IL-18, SOD, catalase and GPx in the lungs were not affected. CONCLUSIONS Chronic WTS exposure induced airway inflammation in control mice and enhanced airway inflammation in murine model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Al-Sawalha
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Ala'a M Migdadi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- b Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.,c Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taibah University , Medina , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- d Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Petra , Amman , Jordan
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Tahiraj E, Cubela M, Ostojic L, Rodek J, Zenic N, Sekulic D, Lesnik B. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Kosovar Adolescents; Cross Sectional Study of Scholastic, Familial-, and Sports-Related Factors of Influence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13050502. [PMID: 27196918 PMCID: PMC4881127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is considered to be the most important period for the prevention of substance use and misuse (SUM). The aim of this study was to investigate the problem of SUM and to establish potentially important factors associated with SUM in Kosovar adolescents. Multi-stage simple random sampling was used to select participants. At the end of their high school education, 980 adolescents (623 females) ages 17 to 19 years old were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption (measured by Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test–AUDIT), and illegal drug use (dependent variables), as well as socio-demographic, scholastic, familial, and sports-related factors (independent variables), were assessed. Boys smoke cigarettes more often than girls with daily-smoking prevalence of 16% among boys and 9% among girls (OR = 1.85, 95% = CI 1.25–2.75). The prevalence of harmful drinking (i.e., AUDIT scores of >10) is found to be alarming (41% and 37% for boys and girls, respectively; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.87–1.48), while 17% of boys and 9% of girls used illegal drugs (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.35–2.95). The behavioral grade (observed as: excellent–average-poor) is the factor that was most significantly correlated with SUM both in boys and girls, with lower behavioral grades among those adolescents who consume substances. In girls, lower maternal education levels were associated with a decreased likelihood of SUM, whereas sports achievement was negatively associated with risky drinking. In boys, sports achievement decreased the likelihood of daily smoking. Information on the factors associated with SUM should be disseminated among sports and school authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Tahiraj
- Ministry of Culture Youth and Sport, Pristina 10000, Kosovo.
- College Universi Bardhosh, Pristina 10000, Kosovo.
| | - Mladen Cubela
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Ljerka Ostojic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Sarajevo 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Jelena Rodek
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Natasa Zenic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia.
- Department of Health Care Studies, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Blaz Lesnik
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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Huong LT, Vu NTT, Dung NN, Xuan LTT, Giang KB, Hai PT, Huyen DT, Khue LN, Lam NT, Minh HV, Nga PTQ. Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam and Correlates of Current Cigarette Smoking: Results from GYTS 2014 Data. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:17-23. [PMID: 27087178 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.s1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%- 3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms or beliefs towards smoking benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Huong
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam E-mail :
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Al-sheyab NA, Alomari MA, Shah S, Gallagher R. “Class smoke-free” pledge impacts on nicotine dependence in male adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zenic N, Terzic A, Rodek J, Spasic M, Sekulic D. Gender-Specific Analyses of the Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Bosniak Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:6626-40. [PMID: 26068091 PMCID: PMC4483720 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120606626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethnicity and religion are known to be important factors associated with substance use and misuse (SUM). Ethnic Bosniaks, Muslims by religion, are the third largest ethnic group in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, but no study has examined SUM patterns among them. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of SUM and to examine scholastic-, familial- and sport-factors associated with SUM in adolescent Bosniaks from Bosnia-and-Herzegovina. The sample comprised 970 17-to-18-year-old adolescents (48% boys). Testing was performed using an previously validated questionnaire investigating socio-demographic-factors, scholastic-variables, and sport-factors, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, simultaneous smoking and drinking (multiple SUM), and the consumption of other drugs. The 30% of boys and 32% of girls smoke (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.86–1.49), 41% of boys and 27% of girls are defined as harmful alcohol drinkers (OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.48–2.54), multiple SUM is prevalent in 17% of boys and 15% of girls (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.79–1.56), while the consumption of other drugs, including sedatives, is higher in girls (6% and 15% for boys and girls, respectively; OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.89–4.70). Scholastic achievement is negatively associated with SUM. SUM is more prevalent in those girls who report higher income, and boys who report a worse familial financial situation. The study revealed more negative than positive associations between sport participation and SUM, especially among girls. Results can help public health authorities to develop more effective prevention campaign against SUM in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Zenic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Teslina 6, Split-21000, Croatia.
| | - Admir Terzic
- High School "Hasan Kikic", Sarajevks 1, Gradacac-76250, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla, 2nd October 1, Tuzla-75000, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Jelena Rodek
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Teslina 6, Split-21000, Croatia.
| | - Miodrag Spasic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Teslina 6, Split-21000, Croatia.
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Teslina 6, Split-21000, Croatia.
- Department of Health Care Studies, University of Split, R. Boskovica 31, Split-21000, Croatia.
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Acute vascular effects of waterpipe smoking: Importance of physical activity and fitness status. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:472-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jawad M, Lee JT, Millett C. Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Prevalence and Correlates in 25 Eastern Mediterranean and Eastern European Countries: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:395-402. [PMID: 25957438 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among young people in some settings. There is an absence of nationally representative prevalence studies of waterpipe tobacco use and dual use with other tobacco products in young people. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study of students aged 13-15 years. Of 180 participating countries, 25 included optional waterpipe tobacco smoking questions: 15 Eastern Mediterranean and 10 Eastern European countries. We calculated the prevalence of current (past 30-day) waterpipe tobacco use, including dual waterpipe and other tobacco use, and used logistic regression models to identify sociodemographic correlates of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Individual country results were combined in a random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence was highest in Lebanon (36.9%), the West Bank (32.7%) and parts of Eastern Europe (Latvia 22.7%, the Czech Republic 22.1%, Estonia 21.9%). These countries also recorded greater than 10% prevalence of dual waterpipe and cigarette use. In a meta-analysis, higher odds of waterpipe tobacco smoking were found among males (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18% to 1.59%), cigarette users (AOR = 6.95, 95% CI = 5.74% to 8.42%), those whose parents (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.31% to 1.82%) or peers smoked (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.97% to 4.20%) and those whose parents had higher educational attainment (Father, AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.14% to 1.89%; Mother, AOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.07% to 2.46%). We report on regional- and country income-level differences. CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe tobacco smoking, including dual waterpipe and cigarette use, is alarmingly high in several Eastern Mediterranean and Eastern European countries. Ongoing waterpipe tobacco smoking surveillance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jawad
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, United Kingdom
| | - John Tayu Lee
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Millett
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, United Kingdom
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Al-Sheyab N, Kheirallah KA, Mangnall LJT, Gallagher R. Agreement between exhaled breath carbon monoxide threshold levels and self-reported cigarette smoking in a sample of male adolescents in Jordan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:841-54. [PMID: 25599375 PMCID: PMC4306896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the percent agreement between Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide (eBCO) measure using a piCO+ smokerlyzer® and self-reported cigarette smoking status and to determine the optimal thresholds for definite identification of cigarette smokers of male school students in Jordan. A descriptive, cross sectional, study of a random sample of male adolescents in grades 7 and 8 from four public high schools in Irbid, completed an adaptation of a standardized Arabic-language tobacco smoking questionnaire and an eBCO measure. Sensitivity and specificity of the eBCO were calculated against self-reported cigarette smoking. Participants (n = 439) had a mean age of 12.5 years (SD = 0.50) and 174 (39.9%) reported being an ever smoker of whom 59 (33.9%) reported being a recent (30-day) smoker. The optimal eBCO cut-off point for recent smoking was 4.5 ppm with a sensitivity of 84.7% and specificity of 65.5%. Overall, eBCO can accurately identify recent smokers and distinguish them from non-smokers. The eBCO use enables healthcare professionals and researchers to assess efficacy of smoking cessation and prevention programs without necessarily relying on self-report. Further research is indicated to validate our findings and should be expanded to include females, detailed characteristics of cigarette and waterpipe smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihaya Al-Sheyab
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Linda J Thomson Mangnall
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, the University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Robyn Gallagher
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney 2007, Australia.
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