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Barrio E, Lerma-Puertas D, Jaulín-Pueyo JJ, Labarta JI, Gascón-Catalán A. Epigenetic modifications in the ferroptosis pathway in cord blood cells from newborns of smoking mothers and their influence on fetal growth. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108581. [PMID: 38552991 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant capacity in newborns. Uncontrolled oxidative stress plays a role in fetal development disorders and in adverse perinatal outcomes. In order to identify molecular pathways involved in low fetal growth, epigenetic modifications in newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers were examined. Low birth weight newborns of mothers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day during the first trimester of pregnancy and normal birth weight newborns of mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy were included in the study. DNA was extracted from umbilical cord blood of term newborns. 125 differentially methylated regions were identified by MeDIP-Seq. Functional analysis revealed several pathways, such as ferroptosis, that were enriched in differentially methylated genes after prenatal smoke exposure. GPX4 and PCBP1 were found to be hypermethylated and associated with low fetal growth. These epigenetic modifications in ferroptosis pathway genes in newborns of smoking mothers can potentially contribute to intrauterine growth restriction through the induction of cell death via lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. The identification of epigenetic modifications in the ferroptosis pathway sheds light on the potential mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of low birth weight in infants born to smoking mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Barrio
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Lerma-Puertas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Clínico Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Javier Jaulín-Pueyo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Labarta
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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Darbinian N, Darbinyan A, Merabova N, Kassem M, Tatevosian G, Amini S, Goetzl L, Selzer ME. In utero ethanol exposure induces mitochondrial DNA damage and inhibits mtDNA repair in developing brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1214958. [PMID: 37621718 PMCID: PMC10444992 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1214958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to be a central event in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). People with the most severe form of FASD, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are estimated to live only 34 years (95% confidence interval, 31 to 37 years), and adults who were born with any form of FASD often develop early aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, hallmarks of aging, are postulated central events in FASD. Ethanol (EtOH) can cause mtDNA damage, consequent increased oxidative stress, and changes in the mtDNA repair protein 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1). Studies of molecular mechanisms are limited by the absence of suitable human models and non-invasive tools. Methods We compared human and rat EtOH-exposed fetal brain tissues and neuronal cultures, and fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-Es) from maternal blood. Rat FASD was induced by administering a 6.7% alcohol liquid diet to pregnant dams. Human fetal (11-21 weeks) brain tissue was collected and characterized by maternal self-reported EtOH use. mtDNA was amplified by qPCR. OGG1 and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mRNAs were assayed by qRT-PCR. Exosomal OGG1 was measured by ddPCR. Results Maternal EtOH exposure increased mtDNA damage in fetal brain tissue and FB-Es. The damaged mtDNA in FB-Es correlated highly with small eye diameter, an anatomical hallmark of FASD. OGG1-mediated mtDNA repair was inhibited in EtOH-exposed fetal brain tissues. IGF-1 rescued neurons from EtOH-mediated mtDNA damage and OGG1 inhibition. Conclusion The correlation between mtDNA damage and small eye size suggests that the amount of damaged mtDNA in FB-E may serve as a marker to predict which at risk fetuses will be born with FASD. Moreover, IGF-1 might reduce EtOH-caused mtDNA damage and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Armine Darbinyan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nana Merabova
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Prevea Health, Green Bay, WI, United States
| | - Myrna Kassem
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gabriel Tatevosian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura Goetzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael E. Selzer
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Mitochondrial DNA content: a new potential biomarker for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1282-1287. [PMID: 35102299 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) occurs in apparently healthy infants and is unpredictable and unexplained despite thorough investigations and enormous research efforts. The hypothesis tested in this case-control study concerns mitochondrial involvement in SIDS occurrence. METHODS Mitochondrial DNA content (MtDNAcn) was measured in 24 SIDS cerebral cortex samples and 18 controls using real-time PCR. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) mtDNAcn in SIDS and controls was 2578 (2224-3838) and 1452 (724-2517) copies per nuclear DNA, respectively (P = 0.0001). MtDNAcn values were higher in SIDS victims born to non-smoking parents (n = 7) 4984 (2832-6908) compared to the controls (n = 5) 2020 (478-2386) (P = 0.006). Increased levels of mtDNAcn have been observed in the SIDS cases with mild defects in nuclei not essential for life compared to those found in SIDS cases with severe alterations of respiratory function (P = 0.034) 3571 (2568-5053) (n = 14) 2356 (1909-3132) (n = 8), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed for the first time higher mtDNAcn in the cerebral cortex of the SIDS cases than the controls, indicating metabolic alterations. MtDNAcn plays an important role in compensatory mechanisms against environmental factors affecting human health. Despite the small sample size, mtDNA may prove to be a potential forensic biomarker for autopsied SIDS victims for gaining new insights into the etiology of SIDS. IMPACT Mitochondrial DNA content evaluated in cerebral cortex samples is higher in SIDS victims than controls. These results represent a novel line of investigation for the etiology of SIDS and could have a significant role in the compensatory mechanism due to environmental factors affecting human health. These findings suggest that the mitochondria are involved in SIDS: mtDNA content may represent a biomarker of this syndrome.
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Andrawus M, Sharvit L, Atzmon G. Epigenetics and Pregnancy: Conditional Snapshot or Rolling Event. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012698. [PMID: 36293556 PMCID: PMC9603966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics modification such as DNA methylation can affect maternal health during the gestation period. Furthermore, pregnancy can drive a range of physiological and molecular changes that have the potential to contribute to pathological conditions. Pregnancy-related risk factors include multiple environmental, behavioral, and hereditary factors that can impact maternal DNA methylation with long-lasting consequences. Identification of the epigenetic patterns linked to poor pregnancy outcomes is crucial since changes in DNA methylation patterns can have long-term effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the epigenetic changes that influence pregnancy-related molecular programming such as gestational diabetes, immune response, and pre-eclampsia, in an effort to close the gap in current understanding regarding interactions between the environment, the genetics of the fetus, and the pregnant woman.
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Peng J, Ramatchandirin B, Pearah A, Maheshwari A, He L. Development and Functions of Mitochondria in Early Life. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2022; 1:131-141. [PMID: 37206110 PMCID: PMC10193534 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles of bacterial origin in eukaryotic cells. These play a central role in metabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and in the production and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to the generation of energy, mitochondria perform numerous other functions to support key developmental events such as fertilization during reproduction, oocyte maturation, and the development of the embryo. During embryonic and neonatal development, mitochondria may have important effects on metabolic, energetic, and epigenetic regulation, which may have significant short- and long-term effects on embryonic and offspring health. Hence, the environment, epigenome, and early-life regulation are all linked by mitochondrial integrity, communication, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Balamurugan Ramatchandirin
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexia Pearah
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Morin AL, Win PW, Lin AZ, Castellani CA. Mitochondrial genomic integrity and the nuclear epigenome in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1059085. [PMID: 36419771 PMCID: PMC9678080 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1059085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional crosstalk between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is essential for proper cell functioning. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and heteroplasmy influence mitochondrial function, which can influence the nuclear genome and contribute to health and disease. Evidence shows that mtDNA-CN and heteroplasmic variation are associated with aging, complex disease, and all-cause mortality. Further, the nuclear epigenome may mediate the effects of mtDNA variation on disease. In this way, mitochondria act as an environmental biosensor translating vital information about the state of the cell to the nuclear genome. Cellular communication between mtDNA variation and the nuclear epigenome can be achieved by modification of metabolites and intermediates of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. These essential molecules (e.g. ATP, acetyl-CoA, ɑ-ketoglutarate and S-adenosylmethionine) act as substrates and cofactors for enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications. The role of mitochondria as an environmental biosensor is emerging as a critical modifier of disease states. Uncovering the mechanisms of these dynamics in disease processes is expected to lead to earlier and improved treatment for a variety of diseases. However, the influence of mtDNA-CN and heteroplasmy variation on mitochondrially-derived epigenome-modifying metabolites and intermediates is poorly understood. This perspective will focus on the relationship between mtDNA-CN, heteroplasmy, and epigenome modifying cofactors and substrates, and the influence of their dynamics on the nuclear epigenome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Morin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Phyo W. Win
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Z. Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christina A. Castellani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Christina A. Castellani,
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Mervan Aytac H, Pehlivan S, Kurnaz S, Pehlivan M, Cetinay Aydin P. Association of the Uncoupling Protein 2-866 G/A Polymorphism with Family History and Duration of Tobacco Use Disorder in a Turkish Population. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2021; 31:280-285. [PMID: 38765941 PMCID: PMC11079660 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2021.21526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A variety of substances cause neurotoxicity by increasing intracellular oxidative stress, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) act as membrane transport proteins and reduce reactive oxygen products and mitochondrial calcium influx. We aimed to study UCP2-866 G/A gene polymorphism in tobacco use disorder (TUD) by comparing genotype distributions between TUD patients and healthy controls considering clinical parameters. Methods One hundred eighteen patients with TUD and 96 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The diagnosis of the patients were then confirmed, based on the DSM-5 criteria. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used to determine UCP2 gene polymorphism. Results Our results demonstrated that the UCP2 genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the TUD patient group were significantly different from those of the control group. When the UCP2 genotype and the allele frequency distributions were compared between the two groups according to the family history of TUD in the patient group, the UCP2 genotype and allele frequency distributions were significantly different. The GG genotype or G allele percentage was significantly higher in patients with a family history of TUD, than the patients without a family history of TUD. Comparing clinical parameters based on the UCP2 genotype, the disorder's duration was significantly different between the groups of UCP2 genotype. The duration of TUD was significantly shorter in patients with GG genotype than other genotypes. Conclusions In summary, the UCP2-866 G/A gene polymorphism might be associated with family history and duration of TUD in Turkish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mervan Aytac
- Department of Psychiatry, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sacide Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Kurnaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Pehlivan
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Pinar Cetinay Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Clinic, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Snyder RJ, Kleeberger SR. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 33577124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is a small, circular, and highly conserved piece of DNA which encodes only 13 protein subunits yet is vital for electron transport in the mitochondrion and, therefore, vital for the existence of multicellular life on Earth. Despite this importance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in one of the least-protected areas of the cell, exposing it to high concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and threat from exogenous substances and pathogens. Until recently, the quality control mechanisms which ensured the stability of the nuclear genome were thought to be minimal or nonexistent in the mitochondria, and the thousands of redundant copies of mtDNA in each cell were believed to be the primary mechanism of protecting these genes. However, a vast network of mechanisms has been discovered that repair mtDNA lesions, replace and recycle mitochondrial chromosomes, and conduct alternate RNA processing for previously undescribed mitochondrial proteins. New mtDNA/RNA-dependent signaling pathways reveal a mostly undiscovered biochemical landscape in which the mitochondria interface with their host cells/organisms. As the myriad ways in which the function of the mitochondrial genome can affect human health have become increasingly apparent, the use of mitogenomic biomarkers (such as copy number and heteroplasmy) as toxicological endpoints has become more widely accepted. In this article, we examine several pathologies of human airway epithelium, including particle exposures, inflammatory diseases, and hyperoxia, and discuss the role of mitochondrial genotoxicity in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of these conditions. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1485-1499, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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The Triad Mother-Breast Milk-Infant as Predictor of Future Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020486. [PMID: 33540672 PMCID: PMC7913039 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of human milk for both mother and infant are widely acknowledged. Human milk could represent a link between maternal and offspring health. The triad mother-breast milk-infant is an interconnected system in which maternal diet and lifestyle might have effects on infant's health outcome. This link could be in part explained by epigenetics, even if the underlining mechanisms have not been fully clarified yet. The aim of this paper is to update the association between maternal diet and human milk, pointing out how maternal diet and lifestyle could be associated with breast-milk composition, hence with offspring's health outcome.
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Kuniyoshi KM, Rehan VK. The impact of perinatal nicotine exposure on fetal lung development and subsequent respiratory morbidity. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1270-1283. [PMID: 31580538 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy remains as a significant public health crisis as it did decades ago. Although its prevalence is decreasing in high-income countries, it has worsened globally, along with a concerning emergence of electronic-cigarette usage within the last two decades. Extensive epidemiologic and experimental evidence exists from both human and animal studies, demonstrating the detrimental long-term pulmonary outcomes in the offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Even secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure to the developing lung might be as or even more harmful than firsthand smoke exposure. Furthermore, these effects are not limited only to the exposed progeny, but can also be transmitted transgenerationally. There is compelling evidence to support that the majority of the effects of perinatal smoke exposure on the developing lung, including the transgenerational transmission of asthma, is mediated by nicotine. Nicotine exposure induces cell-specific molecular changes in lungs, which offers a unique opportunity to prevent, halt, and/or reverse the resultant damage through targeted molecular interventions. Experimentally, the proposed interventions, such as administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists can not only block but also potentially reverse the perinatal nicotine exposure-induced respiratory morbidity in the exposed offspring. However, the development of a safe and effective intervention is still many years away. In the meantime, electropuncture at specific acupoints appears to be emerging as a more practical and safe physiologic approach to block the harmful pulmonary consequences of perinatal nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kuniyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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Gitik M, Holliday ED, Leung M, Yuan Q, Logue SF, Tikkanen R, Goldman D, Gould TJ. Choline ameliorates adult learning deficits and reverses epigenetic modification of chromatin remodeling factors related to adolescent nicotine exposure. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:239-248. [PMID: 30099202 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Earlier initiation of smoking correlates with higher risk of nicotine dependence, mental health problems, and cognitive impairments. Additionally, exposure to nicotine and/or tobacco smoke during critical developmental periods is associated with lasting epigenetic modifications and altered gene expression. This study examined whether adolescent nicotine exposure alters adult hippocampus-dependent learning, involving persistent changes in hippocampal DNA methylation and if choline, a dietary methyl donor, would reverse and mitigate these alterations. Mice were chronically treated with nicotine (12.6 mg/kg/day) starting at post-natal day 23 (pre-adolescent), p38 (late adolescent), or p54 (adult) for 12 days followed by a 30-day period during which they consumed either standard chow or chow supplemented with choline (9 g/kg). Mice then were tested for fear-conditioning and dorsal hippocampi were dissected for whole genome methylation and selected gene expression analyses. Nicotine exposure starting at p21 or p38, but not p54, disrupted adult hippocampus-dependent fear conditioning. Choline supplementation ameliorated these deficits. 462 genes in adult dorsal hippocampus from mice exposed to nicotine as adolescents showed altered promoter methylation that was reversed by choline supplementation. Gene network analysis revealed that chromatin remodeling genes were the most enriched category whose methylation was altered by nicotine and reversed by choline dietary supplementation. Two key chromatin remodeling genes, Smarca2 and Bahcc1, exhibited inversely correlated changes in methylation and expression due to nicotine exposure; this was reversed by choline. Our findings support a role for epigenetic modification of hippocampal chromatin remodeling genes in long-term learning deficits induced by adolescent nicotine and their amelioration by dietary choline supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Gitik
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Erica D Holliday
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Weiss Hall, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Ming Leung
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Qiaoping Yuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Sheree F Logue
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Roope Tikkanen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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12
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A potential association between mutations in the iNOS cDNA 3′ stretch and oral squamous cell carcinoma - A preliminary study. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hamirah NK, Kamsani YS, Mohamed Nor Khan NA, Ab Rahim S, Rajikin MH. Effects of Nicotine and Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Supplementation on Cytoskeletal Structures of Murine Pre-Implantation Embryos. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:373-379. [PMID: 29217815 PMCID: PMC5731215 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.905447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoskeletal structures, in particular actin and tubulin, provide a fundamental framework in all cells, including embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, which is a source of oxidative stress, and subsequent supplementation with Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on actin and tubulin of 2- and 8-cell murine embryos. Material/Methods Thirty female Balb/C mice were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 received: subcutaneous (sc) injection of 0.9% NaCl; Group 2 received sc injection of 3.0 nicotine mg/kg bw/day; Group 3 received 3.0 sc injection of nicotine mg/kg bw/day +60 mg/kg bw/day TRF; and Group 4 received 60 sc injection of TRF mg/kg bw/day for 7 consecutive days. The animals were superovulated with 5 IU PMSG followed by 5 IU hCG 48 h later. Animals were cohabited with fertile males overnight and euthanized through cervical dislocation at 24 h post coitum. Embryos at the 2- and 8-cell stages were harvested, fixed, and stained to visualize actin and tubulin distributions by using CLSM. Results Results showed that at 2-cell stage, actin intensities were significantly reduced in the nicotine group compared to that of the control group (p<0.001). In Group 3, the intensity of actin significantly increased compared to that of the nicotine group (p<0.001). At 8-cell stage, actin intensity of the nicotine group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.001). The intensities of actin in Group 3 were increased compared to that of nicotine treatment alone (p<0.001). The same trend was seen in tubulin at 2- and 8-cell stages. Interestingly, both actin and tubulin structures in the TRF-treated groups were enhanced compared to the control. Conclusions This study suggests that TRF prevents the deleterious effects of nicotine on the cytoskeletal structures of 2- and 8-cell stages of pre-implantation mice embryos in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Kamsani Hamirah
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuhaniza Shafinie Kamsani
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.,Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Nor-Ashikin Mohamed Nor Khan
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.,Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab Rahim
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hamim Rajikin
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.,Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Brunst KJ, Sanchez Guerra M, Gennings C, Hacker M, Jara C, Bosquet Enlow M, Wright RO, Baccarelli A, Wright RJ. Maternal Lifetime Stress and Prenatal Psychological Functioning and Decreased Placental Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in the PRISM Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:1227-1236. [PMID: 28595325 PMCID: PMC5859981 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress contributes to placental oxidative stress. Mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can lead to changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). We examined associations of maternal lifetime stress, current negative life events, and depressive and posttraumatic-stress-disorder symptom scores with placental mtDNAcn in a racially/ethnically diverse sample (n = 147) from the Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study (Massachusetts, March 2011 to August 2012). In linear regression analyses adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, prenatal fine particulate matter exposure, prenatal smoking exposure, and the sex of the child, all measures of stress were associated with decreased placental mtDNAcn (all P values < 0.05). Weighted-quantile-sum (WQS) regression showed that higher lifetime stress and depressive symptoms accounted for most of the effect on mtDNAcn (WQS weights: 0.25 and 0.39, respectively). However, among white individuals, increased lifetime stress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms explained the majority of the effect (WQS weights: 0.20 and 0.62, respectively) while among nonwhite individuals, lifetime stress and depressive symptoms accounted for most of the effect (WQS weights: 0.27 and 0.55, respectively). These analyses are first to link increased maternal psychosocial stress with reduced placental mtDNAcn and add to literature documenting racial/ethnic differences in the psychological sequelae of chronic stress that may contribute to maternal-fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Brunst
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marco Sanchez Guerra
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michele Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Calvin Jara
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Program for Behavioral Science, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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15
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Grand-maternal smoking in pregnancy and grandchild's autistic traits and diagnosed autism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46179. [PMID: 28448061 PMCID: PMC5407180 DOI: 10.1038/srep46179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is considerable research into the genetic background of autism spectrum disorders, environmental factors are likely to contribute to the variation in prevalence over time. Rodent experiments indicate that environmental exposures can have effects on subsequent generations, and human studies indicate that parental prenatal exposures may play a part in developmental variation. Here we use the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to test the hypothesis that if the mother or father (F1) had been exposed to their own mother’s (F0) smoking during pregnancy, the offspring (F2) would be at increased risk of autism. We find an association between maternal grandmother smoking in pregnancy and grand daughters having adverse scores in Social Communication and Repetitive Behaviour measures that are independently predictive of diagnosed autism. In line with this, we show an association with actual diagnosis of autism in her grandchildren. Paternal grandmothers smoking in pregnancy showed no associations.
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16
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Fa S, Larsen TV, Bilde K, Daugaard TF, Ernst EH, Olesen RH, Mamsen LS, Ernst E, Larsen A, Nielsen AL. Assessment of global DNA methylation in the first trimester fetal tissues exposed to maternal cigarette smoking. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:128. [PMID: 27924165 PMCID: PMC5123323 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of negative health consequences for the exposed child. Epigenetic mechanisms constitute a likely link between the prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and the increased risk in later life for diverse pathologies. Maternal smoking induces gene-specific DNA methylation alterations as well as global DNA hypermethylation in the term placentas and hypomethylation in the cord blood. Early pregnancy represents a developmental time where the fetal epigenome is remodeled and accordingly can be expected to be highly prone to exposures with an epigenetic impact. We have assessed the influence of maternal cigarette smoking during the first trimester for fetal global DNA methylation. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the human fetal intestines and livers as well as the placentas from the first trimester pregnancies. Global DNA methylation levels were quantified with ELISA using a methylcytosine antibody as well as with the bisulfite pyrosequencing of surrogate markers for global methylation status, LINE-1, and AluYb8. We identified gender-specific differences in global DNA methylation levels, but no significant DNA methylation changes in exposure responses to the first trimester maternal cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledging that only examining subsets of global DNA methylation markers and fetal sample availability represents possible limitations for the analyses, our presented results indicate that the first trimester maternal cigarette smoking is not manifested in immediate aberrations of fetal global DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Fa
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Trine Vilsbøll Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katrine Bilde
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tina F Daugaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Emil H Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Linn S Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Aarhus, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders L Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Rumrich IK, Viluksela M, Vähäkangas K, Gissler M, Surcel HM, Hänninen O. Maternal Smoking and the Risk of Cancer in Early Life - A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165040. [PMID: 27824869 PMCID: PMC5100920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the well-known harmful effects on the fetus, many women continue smoking during pregnancy. Smoking as an important source of toxic chemicals may contribute to the developmental origin of diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to pursue the possible association between maternal smoking and cancer in early life. Specifically, we wanted to identify the associated early life cancer types, and to quantify the associations. METHODS In a systematic literature search 825 articles were identified in PubMed and Web of Science, and 55 more through the reference lists. Of these 62 fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in meta-analyses. Using Mantel-Haenszel or DerSimonian and Laird method, depending on heterogeneity of the studies, pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals for eight cancer types were calculated. RESULTS Smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for for brain and central nervous system tumors (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02-1.17). Although the risk for lymphoma was also associated (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.05-1.34), it did not hold up in subgroup analyses. Leukemia was not found to be associated with maternal smoking. Five other cancer types (bone, soft tissue, renal, hepatic, and germ cell cancer) were also examined, but the number of studies was too limited to exclude the possibility of maternal smoking as a risk factor for cancer in offspring. CONCLUSIONS According to our meta-analyses, maternal smoking is associated with nervous system cancers, but not with leukemia in early life. Confirming or rejecting associations of maternal smoking with lymphoma and the five other cancer types requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Katharina Rumrich
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Information Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Otto Hänninen
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Armstrong DA, Green BB, Blair BA, Guerin DJ, Litzky JF, Chavan NR, Pearson KJ, Marsit CJ. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with mitochondrial DNA methylation. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw020. [PMID: 28979800 PMCID: PMC5624552 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has detrimental effects on fetal development and on the health of the offspring into adulthood. Energy homeostasis through ATP production via the mitochondria (mt) plays a key role during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine if MSDP resulted in differences in DNA methylation to the placental mitochondrial chromosome at the transcription and replication control region, the D-Loop, and if these differences were also present in an alternate neonatal tissue (foreskin) in an independent birth cohort. We investigated mtDNA methylation by bisulfite-pyrosequencing in two sections of the D-Loop control region and in long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) genomic sequences in placenta from 96 mother-newborn pairs that were enrolled in a Rhode Island birth cohort along with foreskin samples from 62 infants from a Kentucky birth cohort. In both placenta and foreskin, mtDNA methylation in the light chain D-Loop region 1 was positively associated with MSDP in placenta (difference+2.73%) (P=0.001) and foreskin (difference+1.22%) (P=0.08). Additionally, in foreskin, a second segment of the D-Loop-heavy chain region 1 showed a small but significant change in methylation with MSDP (+0.4%, P=0.04). No methylation changes were noted in either tissue at the LINE-1 repetitive element. We identified a similar pattern of epigenetic effect to mitochondria arising in cells from different primordial lineages and in different populations, associated with MSDP. These robust and consistent results build evidence that MSDP may impact mt D-Loop methylation, as one mechanism through which this exposure affects newborn health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Niraj R. Chavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine
| | - Kevin J. Pearson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- *Correspondence address. Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Tel: +404-712-8912; Fax: 404-727-8744; E-mail: Marsit:
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19
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20
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Banderali G, Martelli A, Landi M, Moretti F, Betti F, Radaelli G, Lassandro C, Verduci E. Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review. J Transl Med 2015; 13:327. [PMID: 26472248 PMCID: PMC4608184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A great deal of attention has been focused on adverse effects of tobacco smoking on conception, pregnancy, fetal, and child health. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current evidence regarding short and long-term health effects on child health of parental smoking during pregnancy and lactation and the potential underlying mechanisms. Studies were searched on MEDLINE(®) and Cochrane database inserting, individually and using the Boolean ANDs and ORs, 'pregnancy', 'human lactation', 'fetal growth', 'metabolic outcomes', 'obesity', 'cardiovascular outcomes', 'blood pressure', 'brain development', 'respiratory outcomes', 'maternal or paternal or parental tobacco smoking', 'nicotine'. Publications coming from the reference list of studies were also considered from MEDLINE. All sources were retrieved between 2015-01-03 and 2015-31-05. There is overall consistency in literature about negative effects of fetal and postnatal exposure to parental tobacco smoking on several outcomes: preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, impaired lung function, asthma and wheezing. While maternal smoking during pregnancy plays a major role on adverse postnatal outcomes, it may also cumulate negatively with smoking during lactation and with second-hand smoking exposure. Although this review was not strictly designed as a systematic review and the PRISMA Statement was not fully applied it may benefit the reader with a promptly and friendly readable update of the matter. This review strengthens the need to plan population health policies aimed to implement educational programs to hopefully minimize tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Martelli
- U.O.C. Pediatria Presidio Ospedaliero Garbagnate Milanese Azienda Ospedaliera G. Salvini, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Landi
- Pediatrician Primary Care, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, CNR, Palermo, Italy.
| | - F Moretti
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - F Betti
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Radaelli
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Lassandro
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Vaiserman A. Epidemiologic evidence for association between adverse environmental exposures in early life and epigenetic variation: a potential link to disease susceptibility? Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:96. [PMID: 26366233 PMCID: PMC4567831 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the risk of development and progression of a variety of human chronic diseases depends on epigenetic modifications triggered by environmental cues during early life sensitive stages. Exposures to environmental factors such as adverse nutritional, psychological, and social conditions, as well as pollutants and substance abuse in early life, have been shown to be important determinants of epigenetic programming of chronic pathological conditions in human populations. Over the past years, it has become increasingly clear due to the epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) that early life adverse environmental events may trigger widespread and persistent alterations in transcriptional profiling. Several candidate genes have been identified underlying these associations. In this context, DNA methylation is the most intensively studied epigenetic phenomenon. In this review, the clinical and epidemiological evidence for the role of epigenetic factors in mediating the link between early life experiences and long-term health outcomes are summarized.
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Xing YH, Zhang JL, Lu L, Li DG, Wang YY, Huang S, Li CC, Zhang ZB, Li JG, Xu GS, Meng AM. Identification of specific gene modules in mouse lung tissue exposed to cigarette smoke. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4251-6. [PMID: 26028081 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to cigarette may affect human health and increase risk of a wide range of diseases including pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung fibrosis and lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis induced by cigarettes still remain obscure even with extensive studies. With systemic view, we attempted to identify the specific gene modules that might relate to injury caused by cigarette smoke and identify hub genes for potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers from specific gene modules. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dataset GSE18344 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and divided into mouse cigarette smoke exposure and control groups. Subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a gene co-expression network for each group and detected specific gene modules of cigarette smoke exposure by comparison. RESULTS A total of ten specific gene modules were identified only in the cigarette smoke exposure group but not in the control group. Seven hub genes were identified as well, including Fip1l1, Anp32a, Acsl4, Evl, Sdc1, Arap3 and Cd52. CONCLUSIONS Specific gene modules may provide better understanding of molecular mechanisms, and hub genes are potential candidates of therapeutic targets that may possible improve development of novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hua Xing
- Tianjin Key Lab of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China E-mail :
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