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Pearson AL, Tribby C, Brown CD, Yang JA, Pfeiffer K, Jankowska MM. Systematic review of best practices for GPS data usage, processing, and linkage in health, exposure science and environmental context research. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077036. [PMID: 38307539 PMCID: PMC10836389 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is increasingly used in health research to capture individual mobility and contextual and environmental exposures. However, the tools, techniques and decisions for using GPS data vary from study to study, making comparisons and reproducibility challenging. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) identify best practices for GPS data collection and processing; (2) quantify reporting of best practices in published studies; and (3) discuss examples found in reviewed manuscripts that future researchers may employ for reporting GPS data usage, processing and linkage of GPS data in health studies. DESIGN A systematic review. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases searched (24 October 2023) were PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022322166). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Included peer-reviewed studies published in English met at least one of the criteria: (1) protocols involving GPS for exposure/context and human health research purposes and containing empirical data; (2) linkage of GPS data to other data intended for research on contextual influences on health; (3) associations between GPS-measured mobility or exposures and health; (4) derived variable methods using GPS data in health research; or (5) comparison of GPS tracking with other methods (eg, travel diary). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We examined 157 manuscripts for reporting of best practices including wear time, sampling frequency, data validity, noise/signal loss and data linkage to assess risk of bias. RESULTS We found that 6% of the studies did not disclose the GPS device model used, only 12.1% reported the per cent of GPS data lost by signal loss, only 15.7% reported the per cent of GPS data considered to be noise and only 68.2% reported the inclusion criteria for their data. CONCLUSIONS Our recommendations for reporting on GPS usage, processing and linkage may be transferrable to other geospatial devices, with the hope of promoting transparency and reproducibility in this research. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022322166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Pearson
- CS Mott Department of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Calvin Tribby
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Catherine D Brown
- Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiue-An Yang
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Karin Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Marta M Jankowska
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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2
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Zang P, Chen K, Zhang H, Qiu H, Yu Y, Huang J. Effect of built environment on BMI of older adults in regions of different socio-economic statuses. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1207975. [PMID: 37483934 PMCID: PMC10361068 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1207975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have ignored the influence of underdeveloped urban surroundings on the physical health of China's ageing population. Lanzhou is a typical representative of a less developed city in China. Methods This study investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and built environment amongst older adults in regions of different socio-economic statuses (SES) using data from medical examinations of older adults in Lanzhou, as well as calculating community built environment indicators for regions of different SES based on multiple linear regression models. Results Results showed that age and underlying disease were negatively associated with overall older adult BMI in the study buffer zone. Land use mix, number of parks and streetscape greenery were positively associated with older adult BMI. Street design and distance to bus stops were negatively connected in low SES regions, but population density and street design were negatively correlated in high SES areas. Conclusion These findings indicate that the built environment of SES regions has varying impacts on the BMI of older persons and that planners may establish strategies to lower the incidence of obesity amongst older adults in different SES locations.
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Zhang J, Zheng Y, Wen T, Yang M, Feng QM. The impact of built environment on physical activity and subjective well-being of urban residents: A study of core cities in the Yangtze River Delta survey. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1050486. [PMID: 36570995 PMCID: PMC9773078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In cities with high population density in China, the impact of built environment on human health is rather complicated. Physical activities are an important factor in promoting people's health. This study is aimed to explore ways of enhancing the residents' intensity of physical activities and psychological health in a limited built environment. For this purpose, this study conducted research on 1875 residents from cities in the Yangtze River Delta in China to clarify the complicated correlations among the residents' physical activities, the multi-dimensional geographic environment characteristics, and subjective well-being. Methods First, Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS-A), International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and Subjective Well-being Scale for Chinese Citizens (SWBS-CC) were used to measure built environment characteristics, intensity of physical activities, and subjective well-being. Second, the correlations among built environment, physical activities, and subjective well-being were analyzed, which reflected different effects of built environment characteristics on physical activities and subjective well-being. Third, physical activities were viewed as a mediating variable in SEM to analyze the influence mechanism of each built environment characteristic on the subjective well-being of residents. Result Residents with different individual characteristics may have different levels of perception and usage of built environment. The intensity of physical activities has significant positive correlations with proximity to supporting facilities, accessibility of destinations, and public security, while no significant correlation with overall environmental aesthetics and street connectivity. The residents' subjective well-being has significant positive correlations with accessibility of destinations, overall environmental aesthetics, and public security, while no significant correlation with proximity to supporting facilities and street connectivity. Physical activities not only have a direct effect on subjective well-being, but also a mediating effect on the correlations between subjective well-being and built environment characteristics. Conclusion In the future, more research could be conducted on the optimization of correlations between residential built environment characteristics and physical activities as well as subjective well-being, so as to gain a deeper understanding about the impact of residential built environment on people's physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Office of Campus Security, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang ming Feng
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Qiang ming Feng,
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Pontin FL, Jenneson VL, Morris MA, Clarke GP, Lomax NM. Objectively measuring the association between the built environment and physical activity: a systematic review and reporting framework. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:119. [PMID: 36104757 PMCID: PMC9476279 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Objective measures of built environment and physical activity provide the opportunity to directly compare their relationship across different populations and spatial contexts. This systematic review synthesises the current body of knowledge and knowledge gaps around the impact of objectively measured built environment metrics on physical activity levels in adults (≥ 18 years). Additionally, this review aims to address the need for improved quality of methodological reporting to evaluate studies and improve inter-study comparability though the creation of a reporting framework.
Methods
A systematic search of the literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. After abstract and full-text screening, 94 studies were included in the final review. Results were synthesised using an association matrix to show overall association between built environment and physical activity variables. Finally, the new PERFORM (’Physical and Environmental Reporting Framework for Objectively Recorded Measures’) checklist was created and applied to the included studies rating them on their reporting quality across four key areas: study design and characteristics, built environment exposures, physical activity metrics, and the association between built environment and physical activity.
Results
Studies came from 21 countries and ranged from two days to six years in duration. Accelerometers and using geographic information system (GIS) to define the spatial extent of exposure around a pre-defined geocoded location were the most popular tools to capture physical activity and built environment respectively. Ethnicity and socio-economic status of participants were generally poorly reported. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was the most common metric of physical activity used followed by walking. Commonly investigated elements of the built environment included walkability, access to parks and green space. Areas where there was a strong body of evidence for a positive or negative association between the built environment and physical activity were identified. The new PERFORM checklist was devised and poorly reported areas identified, included poor reporting of built environment data sources and poor justification of method choice.
Conclusions
This systematic review highlights key gaps in studies objectively measuring the built environment and physical activity both in terms of the breadth and quality of reporting. Broadening the variety measures of the built environment and physical activity across different demographic groups and spatial areas will grow the body and quality of evidence around built environment effect on activity behaviour. Whilst following the PERFORM reporting guidance will ensure the high quality, reproducibility, and comparability of future research.
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Stappers NEH, Schipperijn J, Kremers SPJ, Bekker MPM, Jansen MWJ, de Vries NK, Van Kann DHH. Visualizing changes in physical activity behavioral patterns after redesigning urban infrastructure. Health Place 2022; 76:102853. [PMID: 35779325 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore effects of a major urban reconstruction on physical activity (PA) behavior by comparing PA intensity hotspots before and after the tunneling of a highway with a new infrastructure prioritized for walking and cycling. In total, 126 individuals participated before and after the tunneling. GPS loggers and accelerometers were used to assess location and PA levels. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to perform optimized hotspot analyses on PA data, both on transport and stationary data points. The results showed several changes in PA hotspots on trip data, even if total PA levels did not change. At follow-up, PA intensity hotspots were more connected, with the new infrastructure as a central connection. This was true for higher and lower educated individuals. Therefore, if changes in the built environment do not result in changes on population-level outcomes, this does not imply that they have no impact on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E H Stappers
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - J Schipperijn
- University of Southern Denmark, Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark
| | - S P J Kremers
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M P M Bekker
- Maastricht University, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Wageningen University, Center for Space, Place and Society, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M W J Jansen
- Maastricht University, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health, Public Health Service South-Limburg, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - N K de Vries
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Promotion, the Netherlands
| | - D H H Van Kann
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Fontys University of Applied Sciences, School of Sport Studies, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Li B, Liu Q, Wang T, He H, Peng Y, Feng T. Analysis of Urban Built Environment Impacts on Outdoor Physical Activities-A Case Study in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861456. [PMID: 35480593 PMCID: PMC9037378 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Outdoor physical activities can promote public health and they are largely influenced by the built environment in different urban settings. Understanding the association between outdoor physical activities and the built environment is important for promoting a high quality of life. Existing studies typically focus on one type of outdoor activity using interview-based small samples and are often lack of systematic understanding of the activities' intensity and frequency. In this study, we intend to gain deeper insight into how the built environment influences physical activities using the data extracted from individual's wearables and other open data sources for integrated analysis. Multi-linear regression with logarithm transformation is applied to perform the analysis using the data from Changsha, China. We found that built environment impacts on outdoor physical activities in Changsha are not always consistent with similar studies' results in other cities. The most effective measures to promote outdoor physical activities are the provision of good arterial and secondary road networks, community parks, among others in Changsha. The results shed light on future urban planning practices in terms of promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuhong Liu
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Management of the Built Environment Department, Architecture and the Built Environment Faculty, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - He He
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You Peng
- Urban Planning and Transportation, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Tao Feng
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Pasanen S, Halonen JI, Gonzales-Inca C, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Kestens Y, Thierry B, Brondeel R, Leskinen T, Stenholm S. Changes in physical activity by context and residential greenness among recent retirees: Longitudinal GPS and accelerometer study. Health Place 2021; 73:102732. [PMID: 34915444 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity by GPS-measured contexts among Finnish retirees (n = 45 (537 measurement days)) participating in a physical activity intervention. We also assessed whether residential greenness, measured with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, moderated the changes. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased at home by 7 min/day, (P < 0.001) and during active travel by 5 min/day (P = 0.03). The participants with the highest vs. lowest greenness had 25 min/day greater increase in MVPA over the follow-up (P for Time*Greenness interaction = 0.04). In conclusion, retirees participating in the intervention increased their MVPA both at home and in active travel, and more so if they lived in a greener area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pasanen
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Public Health, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland.
| | - J I Halonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Gonzales-Inca
- University of Turku, Department of Geography and Geology, Turku, Finland
| | - J Pentti
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Public Health, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland; University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Vahtera
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Public Health, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland
| | - Y Kestens
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Canada
| | - B Thierry
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Canada
| | - R Brondeel
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Gent, Belgium
| | - T Leskinen
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Public Health, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland
| | - S Stenholm
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Public Health, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland
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Trecarten N, Kirkland S, Rainham D, Giacomantonio N, McGowan E, Murnaghan D, Reid R, King-Shier K, Spence JC, Warburton D, Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM. Location-Based Sedentary Time and Physical Activity in People Living With Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2021; 41:337-342. [PMID: 32947325 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sedentary time (ST) and lack of physical activity increase the risk of adverse outcomes for those living with coronary artery disease (CAD). Little is known about how much ST, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that CAD participants not attending cardiac rehabilitation engage in, the locations where they engage in these behaviors, and how far from home the locations are. METHODS Participants completed a survey and wore an accelerometer and global positioning system receiver for 7 d at baseline and 6 mo later. RESULTS Accelerometer analyses (n = 318) showed that participants averaged 468.4 ± 102.7 of ST, 316.1 ± 86.5 of LPA, and 32.9 ± 28.9 of MVPA min/d at baseline. ST and LPA remained stable at 6 mo, whereas MVPA significantly declined. The global positioning system (GPS) analyses (n = 315) showed that most of participant ST, LPA, and MVPA time was spent at home followed by other residential, retail/hospitality, and work locations at baseline and 6 mo. When not at home, the average distance to a given location ranged from approximately 9 to 18 km. CONCLUSIONS Participants with CAD spent the majority of their time being sedentary. Home was the location used the most to engage in ST, LPA, and MVPA. When not home, ST, LPA, and MVPA were distributed across a variety of locations. The average distance from home to a given location suggests that proximity to home may not be a barrier from an intervention perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Trecarten
- Departments of Medicine (Mr Trecarten and Drs Blanchard and Giacomantonio), Community Health and Epidemiology (Dr Kirkland), and Environmental Science (Dr Rainham), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (Dr McGowan); School of Nursing, Thompson River University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Murnaghan); Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Dr Reid); Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Dr King-Shier); Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Dr Spence); School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Dr Warburton); and School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Rhodes)
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9
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Pasanen S, Halonen JI, Pulakka A, Kestens Y, Thierry B, Brondeel R, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Leskinen T, Stenholm S. Contexts of sedentary time and physical activity among ageing workers and recent retirees: cross-sectional GPS and accelerometer study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042600. [PMID: 34006539 PMCID: PMC8149443 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined sedentary time and physical activity in different contexts among ageing workers, between their workdays and days off, and recent retirees, between their weekdays and weekend days. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Finnish Retirement and Aging study and Enhancing physical activity and healthy ageing among recent retirees-Randomised controlled in-home physical activity trial. PARTICIPANTS 137 workers (544 measurement days) and 53 retirees (323 days), who provided data for at least 1 workday/weekday and 1 day off/weekend day. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Physical activity behaviour was measured with a combined Global Positioning System and accelerometer device (SenseDoc V.2.0), providing information on sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by locations (home or non-home) and trips (active travel, ie, speed <20 km/hour and passive travel, ie, speed ≥20 km/hour). RESULTS Workers accumulated more sedentary time and physical activity at non-home locations than at home on workdays, while the opposite was confirmed for days off (p<0.01). Workers accrued more MVPA on days off than on workdays (34 vs 28 min, p<0.05), of which 9 min on workdays and 14 min on days off was accrued during active travel. Retirees' physical activity behaviour did not differ between weekdays and weekend days (p>0.05). Regardless of the day, retirees accumulated 33 min of daily MVPA, of which 14 min was accrued during active travel. CONCLUSIONS Workers accumulated more MVPA on days off than on workdays, and their activity behaviour varied between workdays and days off at different locations. Our results showed that a large proportion of the MVPA was accumulated during travel at slower speeds, which suggests that active travel could be a feasible way to increase MVPA among older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03320746.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Pasanen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana I Halonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Pulakka
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yan Kestens
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Thierry
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ruben Brondeel
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Kelso A, Reimers AK, Abu-Omar K, Wunsch K, Niessner C, Wäsche H, Demetriou Y. Locations of Physical Activity: Where Are Children, Adolescents, and Adults Physically Active? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1240. [PMID: 33573181 PMCID: PMC7908101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to examine where physical activity (PA) takes place and how much time children, adolescents and adults spend being physically active within the identified locations. A systematic literature search was carried out in five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycInfo, Scopus). For inclusion, primary studies had to identify locations of PA using device-based or self-report tools, whereas minutes of PA had to be examined using device-based tools only. Thirty-two studies were included, methodological quality and sex/gender sensitivity of the studies were assessed. The narrative data synthesis revealed that the highest average amount of daily moderate-to-vigorous PA was found in home and recreational locations, followed by school and neighborhood locations. In adults, highest average amount of daily moderate-to-vigorous PA was found in neighborhood and home locations followed by workplace and recreational locations. The majority of studies had a low risk of bias in four out of six domains; eight studies reported significant sex/gender differences in location-based PA. The results indicate that different locations are used for PA to a varying degree across the lifespan. Future research on the promotion of PA should focus on location-specific design features that encourage children, adolescents and adults to be physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kelso
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, 80992 Munich, Germany;
| | - Anne K Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstrasse 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.R.); (K.A.-O.)
| | - Karim Abu-Omar
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstrasse 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.R.); (K.A.-O.)
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.W.); (C.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.W.); (C.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.W.); (C.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, 80992 Munich, Germany;
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Katapally TR, Bhawra J, Patel P. A systematic review of the evolution of GPS use in active living research: A state of the evidence for research, policy, and practice. Health Place 2020; 66:102453. [PMID: 33137684 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This is the first systematic review to comprehensively capture Global Positioning Systems' (GPS) utilization in active living research by investigating the influence of physical contexts and social environment on all intensities of physical activity and sedentary behavior among all age groups. An extensive search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using six databases. Out of 2026 articles identified, 129 studies met the inclusion criteria. After describing the evolution of GPS use across four themes (study designs and methods, physical contexts and social environment, active transportation, and behaviors), evidence-based recommendations for active living research, policy, and practice were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun R Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada; Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pinal Patel
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Klous G, Kretzschmar MEE, Coutinho RA, Heederik DJJ, Huss A. Prediction of human active mobility in rural areas: development and validity tests of three different approaches. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:1023-1031. [PMID: 31772295 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Active mobility may play a relevant role in the assessment of environmental exposures (e.g. traffic-related air pollution, livestock emissions), but data about actual mobility patterns are work intensive to collect, especially in large study populations, therefore estimation methods for active mobility may be relevant for exposure assessment in different types of studies. We previously collected mobility patterns in a group of 941 participants in a rural setting in the Netherlands, using week-long GPS tracking. We had information regarding personal characteristics, self-reported data regarding weekly mobility patterns and spatial characteristics. The goal of this study was to develop versatile estimates of active mobility, test their accuracy using GPS measurements and explore the implications for exposure assessment studies. METHODS We estimated hours/week spent on active mobility based on personal characteristics (e.g. age, sex, pre-existing conditions), self-reported data (e.g. hours spent commuting per bike) or spatial predictors such as home and work address. Estimated hours/week spent on active mobility were compared with GPS measured hours/week, using linear regression and kappa statistics. RESULTS Estimated and measured hours/week spent on active mobility had low correspondence, even the best predicting estimation method based on self-reported data, resulted in a R2 of 0.09 and Cohen's kappa of 0.07. A visual check indicated that, although predicted routes to work appeared to match GPS measured tracks, only a small proportion of active mobility was captured in this way, thus resulting in a low validity of overall predicted active mobility. CONCLUSIONS We were unable to develop a method that could accurately estimate active mobility, the best performing method was based on detailed self-reported information but still resulted in low correspondence. For future studies aiming to evaluate the contribution of home-work traffic to exposure, applying spatial predictors may be appropriate. Measurements still represent the best possible tool to evaluate mobility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Klous
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam E E Kretzschmar
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A Coutinho
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Adults' leisure-time physical activity and the neighborhood built environment: a contextual perspective. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:35. [PMID: 32917218 PMCID: PMC7488407 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Context-free outcome measures, such as overall leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), are habitually applied to study the neighborhood built environment correlates of physical activity. This cross sectional study identifies and empirically tests potential methodological limitations related to the use of context-free measures and discusses how these may help in the interpretation of inconsistent associations between participation in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA and objectively measured neighborhood-level built environment attributes. METHODS We employ a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS), an advanced participatory mapping method, to study the spatial distribution of moderate-to-vigorous LTPA among adult urban Finnish residents (n 1322). Secondary sources of GIS land-use and sport facility data were used to disaggregate respondent-mapped LTPA by the behavioral context, such as indoor and outdoor sport facilities, green spaces, and other public open spaces. Associations between the use of the identified LTPA settings and a range of objectively measured neighborhood built environment attributes were studied with multilevel logistic regression models. RESULTS Disaggregated by behavioral context, we observed varied and partly opposite built environment correlates for LTPA. The use of indoor and outdoor sport facilities showed no significant associations with their neighborhood availability, but were significantly associated with personal-level attributes. By contrast, participation in LTPA in green and built public open space shared significant associations with access to and availability of neighborhood green space that persisted after controlling for personal-level covariates. Moreover, neighborhood distances up to 1600 m poorly captured participation in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA, as, on average, 40% of visits were located further from home. However, we found the immediate home environment to be an important LTPA setting for the least active participants. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that LTPA can be a highly heterogeneous measure regarding both the spatial distribution and the environmental correlates of behavioral contexts. The results show that context-free LTPA outcome measures yield inconsistent associations with built environment exposure variables, challenging the applicability of such measures in designing neighborhood-level built environment interventions.
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Jansen FM, van Kollenburg GH, Kamphuis CBM, Pierik FH, Ettema DF. Hour-by-hour physical activity patterns of adults aged 45-65 years: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:787-796. [PMID: 29136195 PMCID: PMC6306083 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited information exists on hour-by-hour physical activity (PA) patterns among adults aged 45–65 years. Therefore, this study aimed to distinguish typical hour-by-hour PA patterns, and examined which individuals typically adopt certain PA patterns. Methods Accelerometers measured light and moderate-vigorous PA. GIS-data provided proportions of land use within an 800 and 1600 m buffer around participant’s homes. Latent class analyses were performed to distinguish PA patterns and groups of individuals with similar PA patterns. Results Four PA patterns were identified: a morning light PA pattern, a mid-day moderate-vigorous PA pattern, an overall inactive pattern and an overall active pattern. Groups of individuals with similar PA patterns differed in ethnicity, dog ownership, and the proportion of roads, sports terrain, larger green and blue space within their residential areas. Conclusions Four typical hour-by-hour PA patterns, and three groups of individuals with similar patterns were distinguished. It is this combination that can substantially contribute to the development of more tailored policies and interventions. PA patterns were only to a limited extent associated with personal and residential characteristics, suggesting that other factors such as work time regimes, family life and leisure may also have considerable impact on the distribution of PA throughout the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Jansen
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G H van Kollenburg
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, TS Social and Behavioral Science, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - C B M Kamphuis
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F H Pierik
- Department of Sustainable Urban Mobility and Safety, TNO, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D F Ettema
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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15
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Chaix B, Benmarhnia T, Kestens Y, Brondeel R, Perchoux C, Gerber P, Duncan DT. Combining sensor tracking with a GPS-based mobility survey to better measure physical activity in trips: public transport generates walking. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:84. [PMID: 31590666 PMCID: PMC6781383 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Policymakers need accurate data to develop efficient interventions to promote transport physical activity. Given the imprecise assessment of physical activity in trips, our aim was to illustrate novel advances in the measurement of walking in trips, including in trips incorporating non-walking modes. Methods We used data of 285 participants (RECORD MultiSensor Study, 2013–2015, Paris region) who carried GPS receivers and accelerometers over 7 days and underwent a phone-administered web mobility survey on the basis of algorithm-processed GPS data. With this mobility survey, we decomposed trips into unimodal trip stages with their start/end times, validated information on travel modes, and manually complemented and cleaned GPS tracks. This strategy enabled to quantify walking in trips with different modes with two alternative metrics: distance walked and accelerometry-derived number of steps taken. Results Compared with GPS-based mobility survey data, algorithm-only processed GPS data indicated that the median distance covered by participants per day was 25.3 km (rather than 23.4 km); correctly identified transport time vs. time at visited places in 72.7% of time; and correctly identified the transport mode in 67% of time (and only in 55% of time for public transport). The 285 participants provided data for 8983 trips (21,163 segments of observation). Participants spent a median of 7.0% of their total time in trips. The median distance walked per trip was 0.40 km for entirely walked trips and 0.85 km for public transport trips (the median number of accelerometer steps were 425 and 1352 in the corresponding trips). Overall, 33.8% of the total distance walked in trips and 37.3% of the accelerometer steps in trips were accumulated during public transport trips. Residents of the far suburbs cumulated a 1.7 times lower distance walked per day and a 1.6 times lower number of steps during trips per 8 h of wear time than residents of the Paris core city. Conclusions Our approach complementing GPS and accelerometer tracking with a GPS-based mobility survey substantially improved transport mode detection. Our findings suggest that promoting public transport use should be one of the cornerstones of policies to promote physical activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-019-0841-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Chaix
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis team, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health & Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California in San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0725, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yan Kestens
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Saint-Denis, S03-280, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Canada.,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Saint-Denis, S03-280, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ruben Brondeel
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Saint-Denis, S03-280, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Canada.,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Saint-Denis, S03-280, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Camille Perchoux
- Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11 Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Gerber
- Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11 Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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16
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Prince SA, Butler GP, Rao DP, Thompson W. Evidence synthesis - Where are children and adults physically active and sedentary? - a rapid review of location-based studies. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2019; 39:67-103. [PMID: 30869472 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Geographical positioning systems (GPS) have the capacity to provide further context around where physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) are accrued especially when overlaid onto objectively measured movement. The objective of this rapid review was to summarize evidence from location-based studies which employed the simultaneous use of GPS and objective measures of PA and/or ST. METHODS Six databases were searched to identify studies that employed the simultaneous use of GPS and objective measures of PA or ST to quantify location of movement. Risk of bias was assessed, and a qualitative synthesis completed. RESULTS Searching identified 3446 articles; 59 were included in the review. A total of 22 studies in children, 17 in youth and 20 in adults were captured. The active transportation environment emerged as an important location for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in children, youth and adults. In children and youth, the school is an important location for MVPA, especially the schoolyard for children. Indoor locations (e.g., schools, homes) appear to be greater sources of lighter intensities of PA and ST. The review was limited by a lack of standardization in the nomenclature used to describe the locations and methods, as well as measures of variance. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests that the active transportation environment is a potentially important contributor of MVPA across an individual's lifespan. There is a need for future location-based studies to report on locations of all intensity of movement (including minutes and proportion) using a whole-day approach in larger representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Prince
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Deepa P Rao
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Public health research has witnessed a rapid development in the use of location, environmental, behavioral, and biophysical sensors that provide high-resolution objective time-stamped data. This burgeoning field is stimulated by the development of novel multisensor devices that collect data for an increasing number of channels and algorithms that predict relevant dimensions from one or several data channels. Global positioning system (GPS) tracking, which enables geographic momentary assessment, permits researchers to assess multiplace personal exposure areas and the algorithm-based identification of trips and places visited, eventually validated and complemented using a GPS-based mobility survey. These methods open a new space-time perspective that considers the full dynamic of residential and nonresidential momentary exposures; spatially and temporally disaggregates the behavioral and health outcomes, thus replacing them in their immediate environmental context; investigates complex time sequences; explores the interplay among individual, environmental, and situational predictors; performs life-segment analyses considering infraindividual statistical units using case-crossover models; and derives recommendations for just-in-time interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Chaix
- Nemesis Team, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR-S 1136 (Inserm, Sorbonne Universités), 75012, Paris, France;
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Do Physical Activity Friendly Neighborhoods Affect Community Members Equally? A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061062. [PMID: 29794980 PMCID: PMC6025428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An activity-friendly environment may increase physical activity (PA) levels and decrease sedentary behavior (SB). This study investigated associations between socio-demographic characteristics, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), perceived environment and objectively measured PA outcomes. Socio-demographic characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire and HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D. The Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS-A) was used to assess the perceived environment. SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were measured using the Actigraph GT3X+. Data from 622 Dutch adults were used in multivariate linear regression analyses to investigate associations between NEWS-A and PA outcomes. Analyses were controlled for socio-demographic characteristics and HRQoL. The presence of attractive buildings was associated with less SB (β = −0.086, p < 0.01) and more MVPA (β = 0.118, p < 0.01). Presence of destinations within walking distance was also positively associated with MVPA (β = 0.106, p < 0.01). Less crime was associated with less MVPA (β = 0.092, p < 0.05). Interactions between personal and environmental characteristics showed that the absence of PA-hindering characteristics (e.g., heavy traffic) was associated with less SB and more MVPA, but only for residents with problems regarding pain and usual activities. The presence of PA-facilitating characteristics (e.g., aesthetics and destinations) was associated with less SB, more LPA and more MVPA but only for the more advantaged people in society. Results suggest that to reduce health inequalities, it would be more helpful to remove barriers rather than introduce PA facilitating characteristics.
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Environmental Influences on Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity in the U.S.: An Exploration of Spatial Non-Stationarity. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi7040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Jansen M, Kamphuis CBM, Pierik FH, Ettema DF, Dijst MJ. Neighborhood-based PA and its environmental correlates: a GIS- and GPS based cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:233. [PMID: 29426309 PMCID: PMC5807848 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To improve our understanding of the neighborhood environment – physical activity (PA) relationship, it is of importance to assess associations between neighborhood environmental characteristics and neighborhood-based PA. Methods Participants’ (N = 308; 45–65 years) light PA (LPA) and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) within a 400, 800, and 1600 m buffer around adults’ homes was measured using accelerometers and GPS-devices. Land use data in ArcGIS provided neighborhood characteristics for the same buffers. Multilevel linear regression models, adjusted for socio-demographic variables and attitude towards PA, were used to assess associations of objective neighborhood characteristics with neighborhood-based LPA and MVPA. Results LPA was positively associated with the proportions of roads (within a 400 m buffer), and negatively associated with the proportions of recreational areas (within an 800 m buffer), and the proportion of green space (within the 800 m and 1600 m buffers). Multiple characteristics of 400 m buffers were positively associated with MVPA, i.e. proportions of green space, blue space, residences, shops and foodservice industry, sports terrain, and public social-cultural facilities. Also, characteristics of larger buffers were positively associated with MVPA, i.e. the proportions of shops and foodservice industry, sports terrain, and blue space (within an 800 m buffer), and the proportion of public social-cultural facilities (within the 800 m and 1600 m buffers). Conclusions Objective neighborhood characteristics of smaller as well as larger sized buffers were associated with neighborhood-based LPA and MVPA. Green and blue spaces seem to be of particular importance for PA in the smallest buffer, i.e. in the direct surrounding of adults’ homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Jansen
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank H Pierik
- Department of Sustainable Urban Mobility and Safety, TNO, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Ettema
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Dijst
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jansen F, Ettema D, Kamphuis C, Pierik F, Dijst M. How do type and size of natural environments relate to physical activity behavior? Health Place 2017; 46:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Browning M, Lee K. Within What Distance Does "Greenness" Best Predict Physical Health? A Systematic Review of Articles with GIS Buffer Analyses across the Lifespan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMID: 28644420 PMCID: PMC5551113 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Is the amount of "greenness" within a 250-m, 500-m, 1000-m or a 2000-m buffer surrounding a person's home a good predictor of their physical health? The evidence is inconclusive. We reviewed Web of Science articles that used geographic information system buffer analyses to identify trends between physical health, greenness, and distance within which greenness is measured. Our inclusion criteria were: (1) use of buffers to estimate residential greenness; (2) statistical analyses that calculated significance of the greenness-physical health relationship; and (3) peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2007 and 2017. To capture multiple findings from a single article, we selected our unit of inquiry as the analysis, not the article. Our final sample included 260 analyses in 47 articles. All aspects of the review were in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Analyses were independently judged as more, less, or least likely to be biased based on the inclusion of objective health measures and income/education controls. We found evidence that larger buffer sizes, up to 2000 m, better predicted physical health than smaller ones. We recommend that future analyses use nested rather than overlapping buffers to evaluate to what extent greenness not immediately around a person's home (i.e., within 1000-2000 m) predicts physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Browning
- Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Kangjae Lee
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA.
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Neighbourhood greenspace is associated with a slower decline in physical activity in older adults: A prospective cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:683-691. [PMID: 28018960 PMCID: PMC5165047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining physical activity in later life is important for maintaining health and function. Activity outdoors, such as walking, jogging and cycling, may provide an accessible, sociable and practical solution, but maintaining outdoor mobility may be a challenge in later life. Providing green environments which are supportive of physical activity may facilitate this, yet research into how greenspace could be best used is inconclusive. This study evaluates the role of greenspace in protecting against decline in physical activity over time in older adults. Data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Norfolk, UK, cohort 1993-2009 (N=15,672) was used. Linear regression modelling was used to examine the association between exposure to greenspace in the home neighbourhood and change in overall, recreational and outdoor physical activity measured in terms of metabolic equivalent cost (MET) in hours/week. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess if dog walking explained the relationship between greenspace and physical activity change. Models were adjusted for known and hypothesised confounders. People living in greener neighbourhoods experienced less of a decline in physical activity than those living in less green areas. Comparing change for those living in the greenest versus least green quartiles, participants showed a difference in overall physical activity of 4.21 MET hours/week (trend P=0.001), adjusted for baseline physical activity, age, sex, BMI, social class and marital status. This difference was 4.03 MET hours/week for recreational physical activity (trend P<0.001) and 1.28 MET hours/week for outdoor physical activity (trend P=0.007). Dog walking partially mediated the association between greenspace and physical activity change, by 22.6% for overall, 28.1% for recreational and 50.0% for outdoor physical activity (all P<0.001). Greenspace in the home neighbourhood may be protective against decline in physical activity among older people as they age. Dog walking is a potential mechanism in this relationship, and warrants further investigation as a way of maintaining physical activity in later life.
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