1
|
Lindblom H, Åkerlund I, Waldén M, Sonesson S, Hägglund M. Players are positive regarding injury prevention exercise programmes, but coaches need ongoing support: a survey-based evaluation using the Health Action Process Approach model across one season in amateur and youth football. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e002009. [PMID: 38933370 PMCID: PMC11202753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Implementation of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in sports is challenging, and behaviour change among players and coaches is essential for success. The aim was to describe players' and coaches' motivation and coaches' goal pursuit when using IPEPs in amateur and youth football across a season. A secondary aim was to describe players' motivation to engage in IPEP use in relation to presence or absence of injury. Methods The study was based on questionnaires to amateur and youth, male and female football players and coaches at baseline, mid-season and post-season in a three-armed randomised trial in 2020 in Sweden. Questionnaires were based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model with questions about the motivational phase when intention for change is created (players and coaches) and a goal-pursuit phase when intention is translated into action (coaches). Results In total, 455 players (126 male), mean age 20.1 years (SD±5.8, range 14-46) and 59 (52 male) coaches took part. Players generally gave positive answers in the HAPA motivational phase (Likert 6-7 on a 1-7 Likert scale). Differences in ratings between injured and uninjured players were minor. Coaches had positive or neutral ratings (Likert 4-6) in the motivational and goal-pursuit phases. Ratings deteriorated across the season, with less positive responses from 40% of players and 38-46% of coaches post-season. Conclusion Positive ratings in the HAPA motivational phase indicated fertile ground for IPEP use. Neutral ratings by coaches and deterioration across the season in players and coaches suggest a need for ongoing support for IPEP use. Trial registration number NCT04272047.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lindblom
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ida Åkerlund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Waldén
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Capio Ortho Center Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sofi Sonesson
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lutz D, van den Berg C, Räisänen AM, Shill IJ, Kim J, Vaandering K, Hayden A, Pasanen K, Schneider KJ, Emery CA, Owoeye OBA. Best practices for the dissemination and implementation of neuromuscular training injury prevention warm-ups in youth team sport: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:615-625. [PMID: 38684329 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate best practices for neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programme dissemination and implementation (D&I) in youth team sports, including characteristics, contextual predictors and D&I strategy effectiveness. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Seven databases were searched. ELIGIBILITY The literature search followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. INCLUSION CRITERIA participation in a team sport, ≥70% youth participants (<19 years), D&I outcomes with/without NMT-related D&I strategies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Downs & Black checklist. RESULTS Of 8334 identified papers, 68 were included. Sport participants included boys, girls and coaches. Top sports were soccer, basketball and rugby. Study designs included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (29.4%), cross-sectional (23.5%) and quasi-experimental studies (13.2%). The median Downs & Black score was 14/33. Injury prevention effectiveness (vs efficacy) was rarely (8.3%) prioritised across the RCTs evaluating NMT programmes. Two RCTs (2.9%) used Type 2/3 hybrid approaches to investigate D&I strategies. 19 studies (31.6%) used D&I frameworks/models. Top barriers were time restrictions, lack of buy-in/support and limited benefit awareness. Top facilitators were comprehensive workshops and resource accessibility. Common D&I strategies included Workshops with supplementary Resources (WR; n=24) and Workshops with Resources plus in-season Personnel support (WRP; n=14). WR (70%) and WRP (64%) were similar in potential D&I effect. WR and WRP had similar injury reduction (36-72%) with higher adherence showing greater effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Workshops including supplementary resources supported the success of NMT programme implementation, however, few studies examined effectiveness. High-quality D&I studies are needed to optimise the translation of NMT programmes into routine practice in youth sport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Lutz
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla van den Berg
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anu M Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education - Oregon, Western University of Health Sciences College of Health Sciences - Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
| | - Isla J Shill
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jemma Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware College of Health Sciences, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Kenzie Vaandering
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alix Hayden
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Tampere Research Center for Sports Medicine, Ukk Instituutti, Tampere, Finland
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Medicine Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patterson BE, Crossley KM, Haberfield MJ, Mosler AB, Cowan SM, Lawrence J, Rath D, Livingstone N, Barton CJ, Bruder AM, Donaldson A. Injury prevention for women and girls playing Australian Football: programme cocreation, dissemination and early adopter coach feedback. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001711. [PMID: 38511168 PMCID: PMC10952969 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adherence to injury prevention programmes may improve with greater end-user involvement and application of implementation frameworks during development. We describe the cocreation, initial dissemination and feedback from programme early adopters (coaches), to develop the first evidence-informed injury prevention programme for women playing community Australian Football (Prep-to-Play). Methods We used a pragmatic seven-step process for developing sports injury prevention programmes to (1) gain organisational support, (2) compile research evidence, (3) consult experts, (4) engage end-users, (5) test programme acceptability, (6) evaluate against theory and (7) gain early adopter feedback. All Australian Football-registered coaches of women's/girls' teams were sent a postseason survey to determine initial awareness, adoption and implementation (steps 5 and 6). Purposively selected coaches were invited to interviews/focus groups (step 7) to identify competency, organisational and leadership implementation drivers with a deductive thematic analysis applied. Results Prep-to-Play was cocreated using previous efficacious programmes and expert input (steps 1-4), and disseminated via the national sporting organisation in preseason 2019 to all registered coaches (step 5). 343 coaches (90 women) completed the postseason survey and 22 coaches (5 women) participated in an interview (n=9) or focus group (n=13) (steps 6 and 7). 268 coaches (78%) were aware of Prep-to-Play. Of those aware, 218 (81%) had used (at least one element) Prep-to-Play, and 143 (53%) used it at least twice per week. Competency drivers included local expert-delivered face-to-face workshops complimented by online content and ongoing support. Organisational drivers included coach education integrated into existing league/club. Leadership drivers included compulsory injury prevention education integrated into coach reaccreditation processes or incentivisation via recognition (eg, professional development points). Conclusions Cocreation and organisational support resulted in high programme awareness and adoption. However, high fidelity implementation and maintenance may need to be facilitated by competency, organisational and leadership drivers. Responsibility should be shared among all stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Patterson
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Haberfield
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea B Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sallie M Cowan
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia Lawrence
- National Coaching Department, Australian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Rath
- Coaching Innovation and Development, Australian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Livingstone
- Women's Football Department, Australian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian J Barton
- Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea M Bruder
- Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact, School of Business, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Smith MD, Wee NSH. Coach perspectives on factors that influence the implementation of injury prevention programs in community netball: A qualitative study. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 66:37-42. [PMID: 38281361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Netball KNEE Program is an injury prevention program (IPP) developed by Netball Australia. It is promoted to coaches, but implementation is limited. This study explored community netball coaches' perspectives on factors that influence IPP implementation, and ideas on how it could be improved. METHODS Twenty-four coaches from 16 netball clubs participated in semi-structured interviews that asked about their beliefs about injury prevention, use of and confidence in delivering IPP, barriers and facilitators to implementation, and suggestions to ease IPP implementation. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Two themes were identified - Factors that influence IPP implementation (4 sub-themes), and Suggestions to improve IPP implementation (2 sub-themes). Coaches thought early development of injury prevention habits was important. Life roles, coaching experience and engagement with development courses influenced IPP delivery. Coaches expressed concerns about Netball KNEE program length and complexity and lack of implementation support. They suggested the need for a short simple IPP and engagement with health/exercise professionals for implementation. CONCLUSIONS This study engaged with stakeholders to identify barriers that need to be addressed to improve IPP implementation in netball. Coaches desired a short simple standardised IPP, and training from physiotherapists or exercise professionals on implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Smith
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Natasha Shi Hui Wee
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guilfoyle L, Kenny IC, O'Sullivan K, Campbell MJ, Warrington GD, Glynn LG, Comyns T. Coaches of youth field sports as delivery agents of injury prevention programmes: how are we training the trainers? A scoping review. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:144-153. [PMID: 38216323 PMCID: PMC10894822 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically map the coach education (CE) component of injury prevention programmes (IPPs) for youth field sports by identifying and synthesising the design, content and facilitation strategies used to address competency drivers and behaviour change. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, CINAHL, SportDiscus and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched using keywords related to IPPs and youth field sports. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies of IPPs in youth field sports, that provided 'train-the-trainer' education to coaches as designated delivery agents. RESULTS 20 studies from two field sports (soccer/football; n=17, Rugby Union; n=3) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Eleven CE interventions occurred in the preseason and 18 occurred at one time-point (single day). Five studies cited use of a behavioural change theory or model in the design of their CE, most frequently the Health Action Process Approach model (n=5); and use of behavioural change techniques varied. Twelve of twenty studies (60%) reported some form of ongoing support to coaches following the CE primary intervention concurrent with IPP implementation. CONCLUSION CE that occurs on 1 day (one time-point) is most popular for preparing coaches as delivery agents of IPPs in youth field sports. While recognising pragmatic barriers, more expansive in-service training, support and feedback may enhance the effective implementation of IPPs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FMHGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Guilfoyle
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ian C Kenny
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kieran O'Sullivan
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero, The Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Giles D Warrington
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Liam G Glynn
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tom Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lindblom H, Hägglund M. Motivation and goal-pursuit for injury prevention training in amateur football coaches: a cross-sectional study using the Health Action Process Approach. Inj Prev 2024; 30:20-26. [PMID: 37696599 PMCID: PMC10850690 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoption of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in team sports is contingent on behaviour change among coaches. The aim was to study motivation and goal-pursuit in IPEP use among coaches of amateur football players. METHODS A cross-sectional study using web-based questionnaires was administered to coaches in one Swedish regional football district. The study was carried out one season after dissemination of the IPEP Knee Control+. The questionnaire was based on the Health Action Process Approach and covered perceptions and beliefs about using Knee Control+. Questions were rated on 1-7 Likert scales. RESULTS 440 coaches participated (response rate 32%). Coaches were neutral about injury risks (median 4-5) and knowledge about preventing injuries (median 5) but had positive outcome expectancies of preventive training (median 6). Coaches who had used an IPEP perceived they had more knowledge about preventing injuries than non-users (median 5 vs 4, small effect size d=0.43). Coaches who used Knee Control+ were positive about their practical ability to use it (median 6) and had high intention to prioritise continuous use (median 7). Highly adherent coaches to higher extent believed that specific training may prevent injuries and had plans for how to instruct the players and how to work around barriers compared with low adherent coaches. CONCLUSION Coaches need more knowledge and support on IPEP usage and how to structure training. Coaches who had adopted Knee Control+ had high belief in their abilities but may need constructive plans on how to use the programme and to overcome barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lindblom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He YX, Lv Y, Lan TT, Deng F, Zhang YY. Timing theory integrated nursing combined behavior change integrated theory of nursing on primiparous influence. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:293-301. [PMID: 38313635 PMCID: PMC10835685 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comprehension and utilization of timing theory and behavior change can offer a more extensive and individualized provision of support and treatment alternatives for primipara. This has the potential to enhance the psychological well-being and overall quality of life for primipara, while also furnishing healthcare providers with efficacious interventions to tackle the psychological and physiological obstacles encountered during the stages of pregnancy and postpartum. AIM To explore the effect of timing theory combined with behavior change on self-efficacy, negative emotions and quality of life in patients with primipara. METHODS A total of 80 primipara cases were selected and admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and May 2022. These cases were divided into two groups, namely the observation group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. The nursing interventions differed between the two groups, with the control group receiving routine nursing and the observation group receiving integrated nursing based on the timing theory and behavior change. The study aimed to compare the pre- and post-nursing scores of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), breast milk knowledge, self-efficacy, and SF-36 quality of life in both groups. RESULTS After nursing, the CPSS, EPDS, and SAS scores of the two groups was significantly lower than that before nursing, and the CPSS, EPDS, and SAS scores of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.011, and P = 0.001 respectively). After nursing, the breastfeeding knowledge mastery, self-efficacy, and SF-36 quality of life scores was significantly higher than that before nursing, and the breastfeeding knowledge mastery (P = 0.013), self-efficacy (P = 0.008), and SF-36 quality of life (P = 0.011) scores of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION The integration of timing theory and behavior change integrated theory has been found to be an effective approach in alleviating negative mood and stress experienced by primipara individuals, while also enhancing their self-efficacy and overall quality of life. This study focuses on the key concepts of timing theory, behavior change, primipara individuals, negative mood, and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Wuhan 430015, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Wuhan 430015, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Lan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Babakhani F, Hatefi M, Balochi R. Is there a relationship between isometric hamstrings-to-quadriceps torque ratio and athletes' plyometric performance? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294274. [PMID: 37972148 PMCID: PMC10653514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of the modified reactive strength index (RSImod) and isometric hamstrings to quadriceps (H:Q) torque ratio to monitoring the athletes' performance is well established, but their relationship to each other still remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to clarify whether there is a relationship between RSImod and the isometric H:Q torque ratio. METHODS Twenty-one male recreational athletes (age, 24.89 ± 4.46 years; weight, 74.11 ± 8.66 kg; height, 179.78 ± 6.76 cm) volunteered to participate in this research. Their isometric H:Q torque ratio via hand-held dynamometer and jumping performance variables during the stop jump (STJ), double leg-drop vertical jump (DL-DVJ), and single leg-drop vertical jump (SL-DVJ) tasks were measured. Also, the RSImod was calculated by dividing the vertical jump height by the time to take-off. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between the RSImod and jumping performance variables. RESULTS The result showed a significant strong positive relationship between the H:Q torque ratio and STJ performance based on the RSImod (p = .027, r = .724). Although, there was a moderate positive relationship between the H:Q torque ratio and jumping height of the STJ task, but it wasn't statistically significant (p = .096, r = .588). Also, no significant relationship was found between the H:Q torque ratio and all jumping performance variables of the DL-DVJ and SL-DVJ tasks (p ≥ .05). CONCLUSION The current study exhibited that the isometric H:Q torque ratio correlates to STJ performance based on RSImod but not to SL-DVJ and DL-DVJ. Notably, the difference in results between jumping tasks can be attributed to the complexity of the movement, which means that the RSImod is probably related to other factors. Therefore, the isometric H:Q torque ratio used to monitor the athletes' performance couldn't independently represent the jumping performance that is determined by RSImod.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Babakhani
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Hatefi
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Balochi
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lindblom H, Waldén M, Hägglund M. Adherence to Injury Prevention Exercise Programmes in Amateur Adolescent and Adult Football: A Detailed Description of Programme Use from a Randomised Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:57. [PMID: 37452894 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) efficaciously reduce injuries. However, it is challenging to achieve sufficient adherence across a season. The main aim was to describe adherence to IPEPs in three groups of coaches and players partaking in a cluster randomised trial. Secondary aims were to describe perceptions of IPEPs, use of programme material, and overall preventive strategies. METHODS This is a sub-study analysing data from a three-armed randomised trial with teams randomised to use either a comprehensive IPEP (extended Knee Control) or an adductor strength programme, and non-randomised teams that already used a self-chosen IPEP regularly at study start (comparison group). Teams were instructed to use their respective intervention across the 2020 football season. Male and female, adolescent (≥ 14 years of age), and adult amateur players took part. Coaches and players responded to weekly and end-of-season questionnaires. Data were presented descriptively. RESULTS Weekly player data were reported by 502 players (weekly response rate 65%), 289 (58%) responded to end-of-season questionnaires. Teams in the extended Knee Control and comparison group used their respective IPEP in 483/529 (91%) and 585/641 (91%) of training sessions, and teams in the adductor group in in 199/315 (63%) sessions. Regarding utilisation fidelity, 42-52% of players in each group used 1-10 repetitions per exercise. Seven out of 17 teams in the adductor group had progressed as recommended in terms of number of repetitions. Two teams (10%) in the extended Knee Control group, and 7/24 of comparison teams used the same exercises across the season. Coaches accessed the IPEPs by different means (printed material, films, workshops, etc.), but half did not use the provided digital material. The players appreciated that the IPEPs could reduce injury risk and that they improved their exercise performance, but disliked that they had less time for football and that the exercises were boring. Forty-nine players had experienced pain during IPEP performance. CONCLUSIONS Adherence with the IPEPs was generally high. To meet different coach needs, programme material should be available via different digital and printed resources. The number of players reporting pain during IPEP performance is a noteworthy finding. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials gov identifier: NCT04272047. Registered February 17, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04272047 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lindblom
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Markus Waldén
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Capio Ortho Center Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Åkerlund I, Sonesson S, Lindblom H, Waldén M, Hägglund M. Perceptions, facilitators, and barriers regarding use of the injury prevention exercise programme Knee Control among players and coaches in youth floorball: a cross-sectional survey study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:56. [PMID: 37055800 PMCID: PMC10103405 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth participation in team ball sports is associated with a risk of both acute and gradual onset injuries but today there are several efficacious injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs). However, there is limited research about how to implement those programmes and the perceived barriers and facilitators among end-users. OBJECTIVE To investigate perceptions of the IPEP Knee Control and facilitators and barriers to programme use among coaches and youth floorball players, and explore factors associated with planned maintenance of Knee Control. METHODS This cross-sectional study is a sub-analysis of data from the intervention group of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Perceptions about Knee Control and facilitators and barriers to programme use were evaluated with surveys pre-intervention and post-season. 246 youth floorball players aged 12-17 years, and 35 coaches that reported no use of IPEPs during the preceding year were included. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were undertaken with the dependent variables: coaches' planned maintenance and players' opinions of maintenance of Knee Control. Independent variables were perceptions, facilitators and barriers regarding use of Knee Control and other potential influencing factors. RESULTS 88% of the players believed that Knee Control can reduce injury risk. Common facilitators to Knee Control use among coaches were support, education and high player motivation, and common barriers were that injury prevention training was time-consuming, lack of space to execute the exercises and lack of player motivation. Players who planned to maintain use of Knee Control had higher outcome expectancies and belief in one's ability to use Knee Control (action self-efficacy). Coaches who planned to maintain Knee Control had higher action self-efficacy and to a lesser extent considered that Knee Control takes too much time. CONCLUSIONS Support, education, and high player motivation are key facilitators, while lack of time and space for injury prevention training and boring exercises are key barriers for coaches and players to use Knee Control. High action self-efficacy among coaches and players seems to be a prerequisite for maintained use of IPEPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Åkerlund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Sofi Sonesson
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lindblom
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Waldén
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- GHP Ortho & Spine Center Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cardoso-Marinho B, Barbosa A, Bolling C, Marques JP, Figueiredo P, Brito J. The perception of injury risk and prevention among football players: A systematic review. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:1018752. [PMID: 36570494 PMCID: PMC9768495 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1018752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Football is associated with a certain risk of injury, leading to short- and long-term health consequences. However, the perception of football players about injury risk and prevention strategies is poorly documented. The present article reviewed the literature about perceptions, beliefs, attitudes and knowledge toward injury risk and prevention strategies in football players. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and APA PsychINFO until July 2022. Studies were eligible if they included the perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about injury risk and prevention in football players from any competitive level. The risk of bias was assessed in included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. A total of 14 studies were included. Most football players agreed that their risk of injury is high and prevention strategies are important, however they do not intend to use some of these strategies. The most frequent perceived injury risk factors were low muscle strength, lack of physical fitness, fatigue, excessive training and type and condition of surfaces. The most frequent perceived injury prevention factors were warm-up, workload monitoring and strength and conditioning training. It is essential to acknowledge perceived injury risk factors, as well as a better understanding of how coaching and medical departments' perceptions match with players' perceptions, and a modification in the perceptions of the several stakeholders at different levels of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cardoso-Marinho
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal,Portuguese Institute of Sports and Youth, IPDJ, Sports Medicine Center, Porto, Portugal,Armed Forces Hospital, Porto, Portugal,Correspondence: Beatriz Cardoso-Marinho
| | - Ana Barbosa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José Pedro Marques
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal,Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal,Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van de Hoef PA, Brink MS, Brauers JJ, van Smeden M, Gouttebarge V, Backx FJG. Adherence to an injury prevention program in male amateur football players is affected by players’ age, experience and perceptions. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001328. [PMID: 35990760 PMCID: PMC9351342 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adherence to injury prevention programmes in football remains low, which is thought to drastically reduce the effects of injury prevention programmes. Reasons why (medical) staff and players implement injury prevention programmes, have been investigated, but player’s characteristics and perceptions about these programmes might influence their adherence. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships between player’s characteristics and adherence and between player’s perceptions and adherence following an implemented injury prevention programme. Methods Data from 98 of 221 football players from the intervention group of a cluster randomised controlled trial concerning hamstring injury prevention were analysed. Results Adherence was better among older and more experienced football players, and players considered the programme more useful, less intense, more functional and less time-consuming. Previous hamstring injuries, educational level, the programme’s difficulty and intention to continue the exercises were not significantly associated with adherence. Conclusion These player’s characteristics and perceptions should be considered when implementing injury prevention programmes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sly N, Soomro M, Withall AL, Cullen P, Turner RM, Flahive SR. Players', parents' and staffs' perceptions of injury prevention exercise programmes in youth rugby union. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001271. [PMID: 35774618 PMCID: PMC9207903 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Despite evidence of their efficacy, there is no widespread adoption of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) among young players and coaches in community rugby union. The purpose of this study was to (1) analyse the knowledge and perceptions of injury prevention and IPEPs among staff, parents and players in youth rugby union and (2) explore the facilitators and barriers to implementation of IPEPs. With this contextual information, tailored implementation strategies can be created. Methods Participants completed an online survey addressing knowledge and perceptions of injury risk, injury prevention practices and a rugby-specific IPEP. Community rugby union players aged 14-18 years, their parents and staff were invited to participate, including school-based and development squads competing at a national level. Results Surveys were completed by 18 staff members, 72 parents and 56 players. Staff, parents and players believe that the risk of injury in youth rugby union is high and that injury prevention is important. The perceived role in injury prevention and availability of allied health staff, particularly strength and conditioning coaches, was apparent in this sample. Reported barriers to completion of IPEPs related to time, resources, awareness of the programme and end-users' attitudes or motivations. Leadership, the use of role models and the structure and routine provided by an IPEP were considered facilitative. Conclusions These findings inform future implementation strategies for IPEPs in this setting, including the need to provide practical solutions, education and considering the role of allied health staff in facilitating such programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sly
- The Stadium Sports Medicine Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariam Soomro
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrienne L Withall
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Ngarruwan Ngadju: First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin M Turner
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharron R Flahive
- The Stadium Sports Medicine Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
High compliance with the injury prevention exercise programme Knee Control is associated with a greater injury preventive effect in male, but not in female, youth floorball players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:1480-1490. [PMID: 34213586 PMCID: PMC9007760 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate team and player compliance with the Knee Control injury prevention exercise programme, study the association between player compliance and injury rates, and compare coach demographics, baseline prevention expectancies, and programme utilisation between teams with high and low compliance. METHODS Prospective one-season cohort study based on a cluster randomised controlled trial on 301 (107 female) floorball players aged 12-17 years. Floorball exposure and injuries were self-reported weekly by players using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire. Team and player compliance to Knee Control was reported monthly by coaches. Additionally, coaches answered pre- and post-season surveys. Teams were divided into a high (≥ 80%) or low (< 80%) compliance group based on their use of Knee Control during the season. Players were divided into three compliance groups based on their average weekly number of Knee Control sessions; high (≥ 2 sessions), intermediate (≥ 1 to < 2 sessions), and low dose (< 1 session). RESULTS Mean team compliance for the high and low compliance groups were 95% (range 82-100) and 50% (range 13-66), respectively. Mean ± SD weekly Knee Control dose in the three player compliance groups were 2.4 ± 0.3, 1.4 ± 0.3, and 0.7 ± 0.3 sessions, respectively. There were no differences in total injury incidence between the player compliance groups, but players in the high-dose group had a 35% lower prevalence of injuries overall [adjusted prevalence rate ratio (PRR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.89] and 60% lower prevalence of substantial injuries (adjusted PRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.26-0.61) compared with the low-dose group. Male players in the high-dose group had consistently lower injury incidence and prevalence, while no between compliance group differences were seen in female players. There were no differences in sex, years of coaching experience, or baseline prevention expectancies in general between coaches for teams in the high vs. low compliance groups, but teams in the high compliance group had a better utilisation fidelity. CONCLUSION There was a clear dose-response relationship between more frequent Knee Control use and lower injury rates in male floorball players, but not in female players. Teams with higher compliance also showed a better utilisation fidelity with the programme. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hilska M, Leppänen M, Vasankari T, Aaltonen S, Raitanen J, Räisänen AM, Steffen K, Forsman H, Konttinen N, Kujala UM, Pasanen K. Adherence to an Injury Prevention Warm-Up Program in Children's Soccer-A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13134. [PMID: 34948744 PMCID: PMC8701740 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of high adherence to a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up on the risk of lower extremity (LE) injuries in children's soccer. Twenty U11-U14 youth clubs (n = 92 teams, 1409 players) were randomized into intervention (n = 44 teams) and control (n = 48 teams) groups. The intervention group was advised to perform an NMT warm-up 2 to 3 times a week for 20 weeks. Team adherence, injuries, and exposure were registered throughout the follow-up. Primary outcomes were the incidence of soccer-related acute LE injuries and the prevalence of overuse LE injuries. Intervention teams conducted mean 1.7 (SD 1.0) NMT warm-ups weekly through follow-up. The seasonal trend for adherence declined significantly by -1.9% (95% CI -0.8% to -3.1%) a week. There was no difference in the incidence of acute injuries nor the prevalence of overuse LE injuries in high team adherence group (n = 17 teams) compared to controls. However, the risk for acute noncontact LE injuries was 31% lower in the high team adherence group compared to controls (IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.97). In an efficacy analysis (n = 7 teams), there was a significant reduction of 47% in the rate of noncontact LE injuries (IRR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.97). In conclusion, teams conducted NMT warm-up sessions regularly, but with a declining trend. A greater protective effect was seen in teams with the highest adherence to the NMT warm-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Hilska
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (M.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Mari Leppänen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (M.L.); (K.P.)
- Tampere University Hospital, 33500 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (T.V.); (J.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jani Raitanen
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (T.V.); (J.R.)
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu M. Räisänen
- Department of Physical Therapy Education—Oregon, College of Health Sciences—Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA;
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Hannele Forsman
- Eerikkilä Sports Institute Training Center, Eerikkilä, 31370 Tammela, Finland;
| | - Niilo Konttinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (N.K.); (U.M.K.)
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (N.K.); (U.M.K.)
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (M.L.); (K.P.)
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moving Beyond One-Size-Fits-All Approaches to Injury Prevention: Evaluating How Tailored Injury Prevention Programs Are Developed and Implemented in Academy Soccer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021; 51:432-439. [PMID: 34465143 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the real-world development and implementation of tailored injury prevention exercise programs (IPEPs) in academy soccer players. DESIGN A mixed-methods process evaluation employing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. METHODS The participants were 38 players and staff members (eg, coaches, physical therapists) from 4 male teams in 1 European soccer academy. The content and nature of the 4 teams' IPEPs and the degree of implementation across 1 playing season were evaluated. Additionally, participants took part in semi-structured interviews and focus groups, focusing on the development of tailored IPEPs and implementation barriers and facilitators. RESULTS Teams employed multiple IPEPs, developed by the team physical therapists and strength and conditioning coaches. A range of sources, including scientific literature, guidelines, individual player screening data, and previous experience, influenced IPEP development. Across all teams, 76% of IPEP sessions were completed as originally planned and a further 11% were completed in modified form. The key barriers to implementation during the season were related to scheduling changes and managing player workload. Thematic coding of interviews and focus groups identified 25 IPEP implementation barriers (eg, time and scheduling, player workload) and 41 facilitators (eg, program adaptability, facilities and equipment). CONCLUSION In a male soccer academy setting, physical therapists and strength and conditioning coaches played the key role in IPEP development. Teams employed a range of different, internally developed programs. The key implementation factors were related to time and scheduling and managing player workload. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(9):432-439. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10513.
Collapse
|
17
|
Shill IJ, Räisänen A, Black AM, Barden C, van den Berg C, McKay CD, West SW, Pasanen K, Hagel BE, Emery CA. Canadian High School Rugby Coaches Readiness for an Injury Prevention Strategy Implementation: Evaluating a Train-the-Coach Workshop. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:672603. [PMID: 34136807 PMCID: PMC8200819 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.672603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Canadian rugby coach injury prevention beliefs and attitudes have not been studied, yet are key to informing injury prevention strategy implementation. Despite neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up success in reducing injury, adoption of these programs is variable. Therefore, objectives of this study included (1) describing Canadian youth rugby coach injury prevention beliefs and attitudes and current warm-up practices and (2) evaluating intention to use a rugby-specific NMT warm-up. Methods: High school rugby coaches completed a questionnaire before and after a rugby-specific NMT warm-up workshop. The pre-workshop questionnaire captured demographics, current warm-up practice, and NMT warm-up knowledge and use. Both questionnaires captured injury prevention beliefs, attitudes and behavioral intention. Results: Forty-eight coaches participated in the workshops. Pre-workshop, 27% of coaches were aware of NMT warm-ups. Coaches primarily included aerobic and stretching components, while balance components were not common in their warm-ups over the past year. Additionally, 92% of coaches agreed to some extent they would “complete a rugby-specific warm-up program prior to every game and training session this season.” Post-workshop, 86% of coaches agreed to some extent that they would use the program in every rugby session. No differences were observed between pre- and post-workshop intention to implement the warm-up (p = 0.10). Interpretation: This is the first study to examine current Canadian youth rugby coach warm-up practices and intention to use NMT warm-ups. Canadian rugby coach intention to use a rugby-specific NMT warm-up is high, providing ample opportunity to investigate the efficacy of a NMT warm-up in youth rugby.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isla J Shill
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anu Räisänen
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, United States
| | - Amanda M Black
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Craig Barden
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Carla van den Berg
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carly D McKay
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W West
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Urho Kaleva Kekkonen Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barden C, Stokes KA, McKay CD. Utilising a Behaviour Change Model to Improve Implementation of the Activate Injury Prevention Exercise Programme in Schoolboy Rugby Union. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115681. [PMID: 34073218 PMCID: PMC8199066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a behaviour change model showing promise in positively changing youth sport coaches’ injury prevention behaviours. This study incorporated the HAPA model into coach training workshops for Activate, an efficacious rugby injury prevention programme. Primary aims were to investigate the effect of the workshop on schoolboy rugby union coaches’ (1) perceptions towards injury risk and prevention, (2) Activate adoption and adherence. Secondary aims were to (3) assess the differences in post-season HAPA constructs between workshop attendees and non-attendees, (4) explore associations between HAPA constructs and Activate adherence. In the pre-season, all participants (n = 76) completed a baseline survey, with 41 coaches electing to attend a workshop. Participants completed a post-season survey assessing HAPA constructs and Activate adoption and adherence throughout the season. The workshop did not affect coach perceptions of injury risk and prevention. Attendees had significantly greater rates of Activate adoption (95% vs. 54% χ2 = 17.42, p < 0.01) and adherence (median = 2 sessions vs. ≤1 session per week; z = 3.45, p = 0.03) than non-attendees. At post-season, attendees had significantly greater task self-efficacy (z = −3.46, p < 0.05) and intention (z = −4.33, p < 0.05) to use Activate. These results support the delivery of coach workshops that utilise a behaviour change model to maximise programme implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Barden
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.A.S.); (C.D.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Keith A. Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.A.S.); (C.D.M.)
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham TW2 7BA, UK
| | - Carly D. McKay
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.A.S.); (C.D.M.)
- Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barden C, Stokes KA, McKay CD. Implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme in English schoolboy rugby union. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001018. [PMID: 34012555 PMCID: PMC8098930 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme has not been assessed in an applied context. This study aimed to (1) describe the knowledge and perceptions of school rugby coaches and players towards injury risk, prevention and Activate and (2) evaluate Activate implementation in schoolboy rugby using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance framework. Methods Bespoke electronic surveys were administered to coaches (including support staff) and players at participating English schools (2018–2020). Most questions and statements were answered using a 7-point Likert scale. At baseline, participants detailed their Activate awareness and perceptions of injury risk and prevention in schoolboy rugby. At postseason, participants reported Activate use throughout the study and their perceptions towards the programme. Results At baseline, significant differences existed between coaches (n=106) and players (n=571) in Activate awareness (75% and 13% respectively; χ2=173.5, p<0.001). Coaches perceived rugby had a significantly greater injury risk than players, while holding more positive perceptions towards injury prevention. At postseason, coaches reported greater Activate adoption compared with players (76% and 18% respectively; χ2=41.8, p<0.001); 45% of players were unaware if they used the programme. Median session adherence was twice weekly, with a median duration of 10–15 min. This suggests Activate was not implemented as intended, with recommendations of three 20 min sessions per week. Both groups identified common barriers to implementation, such as lack of time and inclusion of a ball. Conclusion Coaches are instrumental in the decision to implement Activate. Targeting behavioural change in these individuals is likely to have the greatest impact on intervention uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Barden
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Carly D McKay
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Räisänen AM, Owoeye OBA, Befus K, van den Berg C, Pasanen K, Emery CA. Warm-Ups and Coaches' Perceptions: Searching for Clues to Improve Injury Prevention in Youth Basketball. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:619291. [PMID: 33644752 PMCID: PMC7904865 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.619291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Regular use of neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up programs improves performance and prevents injuries. However, low level of adoption of these programs remains a problem. Understanding the current warm-ups in youth basketball and coaches' perceptions on injury prevention can guide the design of superior implementation strategies. This study describes warm-ups in youth basketball and coaches' injury prevention-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and information sources. Methods: Youth basketball coaches (n = 50) completed a preseason questionnaire. The questionnaire covered warm-up length, use of aerobic/agility/balance/strength/other exercises in the warm-up, injury-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and sources of information. Results: Typical warm-up duration was ≤ 10 min (48.0% of coaches, 95% CI: ±13.8%). All coaches included aerobic exercises in their warm-up. Agility, strength, and balance exercises were utilized by 80.0% (95% CI: ±11.7%), 70.7% (95% CI: ±13.6%), and 26.8% (95% CI: ±13.6%) of coaches, respectively. Most coaches agreed to some extent that basketball injuries are preventable (94%) and that participating in a NMT warm-up program would reduce player's risk of injury (92%). Other coaches were identified as the most common source of information on warm-ups and injury prevention. Discussion: Coaches use parts of effective NMT warm-up programs, but balance exercises are not well adopted. Considering the level of evidence supporting the importance of balance exercises in injury prevention, it is crucial to improve the implementation of NMT warm-up programs in youth basketball, for example, through educational courses. As fellow coaches were identified as the most important source of information, coaches' role in knowledge translation should be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu M Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kimberley Befus
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carla van den Berg
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Panagodage Perera NK, Radojčić MR, Filbay SR, Griffin SA, Gates L, Murray A, Hawkes R, Arden NK. Rugby Health and Well-Being Study: protocol for a UK-wide survey with health data cross-validation. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041037. [PMID: 33514574 PMCID: PMC7849884 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rugby football (Union and League) provides physical activity (PA) with related physical and mental health benefits. However, as a collision sport, rugby research and media coverage predominantly focus on injuries in elite players while the overall impact on health and well-being remains unclear. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of the risks and benefits of rugby participation in a diverse sample of men and women, current and former rugby Union and League players from recreational to the elite level of play. We will explore: (1) joint-specific injuries and concussion; (2) joint pain and osteoarthritis (OA); (3) medical and mental health conditions; (4) PA and sedentary behaviour and (5) well-being (quality of life, flourishing and resilience). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Rugby Health and Well-being Study is designed in two phases: (1) a UK-wide cross-sectional survey and (2) cross-validation using health register data from Scotland. Participants will be at least 16 years old, current or former rugby players who have played rugby for at least one season. We will report standardised, level of play-, sex- and age-stratified prevalence of joint injury, concussion, medical conditions and PA. We will describe injury/concussion prevention expectations and protective equipment use. Rugby-related factors associated with injury, pain, OA, PA, health and well-being will be explored in regression models. We will compare joint pain intensity and duration, elements of pain perception and well-being between recreational and elite players and further investigate these associations in regression models while controlling for confounding variables. In the second phase, we will validate self-reported with health register data, and provide further information on healthcare use. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Yorkshire and the Humber-Leeds East Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 19/HY/0377) has approved this study (IRAS project ID 269424). The results will be disseminated through scientific publications, conferences and social media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage Perera
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maja R Radojčić
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie R Filbay
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steffan A Griffin
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, London, UK
- Centre for Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy Gates
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Murray
- Centre for Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Rugby Union, Murrayfield, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roger Hawkes
- British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Doncaster, UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The effect of a neuromuscular warm-up on the injury rates in New Zealand amateur futsal players. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 48:128-135. [PMID: 33422887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of a futsal-specific warm-up to reduce injuries in amateur teams. DESIGN Quasi-experimental. SETTING Two futsal centres followed over one season using a specific report card. PARTICIPANTS 878 teams (Intervention group, n = 458; Control group, n = 420) of both genders and three age groups (U13, U17, adults). INTERVENTION A futsal-specific warm-up consisting of cardiovascular exercises, dynamic stretches, and game-related skills. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence rate and severity of all injuries, lower extremity (LE) injuries and contact injuries. A multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to compare between-group rates. RESULTS The rate of all injuries was lower in the intervention group (rate ratio (RR) = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.06), yet not significant. There was a significantly lower rate of contact injuries in the intervention group (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.98). Subgroup analysis, based on the warm-up adherence of intervention teams (low, intermediate, high), showed a lower rate of all injuries (RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.97), and LE injuries (RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.81) in the high compared to low adherence group. CONCLUSION A futsal-specific warm-up can reduce the rate of contact injuries in amateur players. With high adherence the rate of all injuries and LE injuries may also reduce.
Collapse
|
23
|
Owoeye OBA, McKay CD, RÄisÄnen AM, Hubkarao T, Palacios-Derflingher L, Emery CA. Psychosocial Factors and the Effects of a Structured Injury Prevention Workshop on Coaches' Self-Efficacy to Implement the 11+ Exercise Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2020; 13:1459-1475. [PMID: 33414881 PMCID: PMC7745906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors have both direct and indirect influence on behavior change. Self-efficacy is a key psychosocial factor driving behavior change. It is an individual's perceived capability of performing a desired action. Structured injury prevention workshops targeting improvements in psychosocial factors in coaches may enhance the dissemination and implementation of the 11+ program in community settings. This study describes baseline psychosocial factors in youth soccer coaches and the effects of a structured 11+ injury prevention workshop on coaches' self-efficacy to implement the 11+. An adapted questionnaire based on the Health Action Process Approach Model was administered to a sample of coaches, before and after an 11+ workshop. Measures of self-efficacy included: their understanding of the 11+; their ability to use the 11+; using the 11+ with limited space, and using the 11+ when players lacked interest. Data from 73 of 81 coaches were retained for analyses. The majority (74%) of coaches knew about the 11+ program before the workshop, mostly through internet resources and colleagues. 40% to 55% of coaches had at least one unit increase (range, 1 to 6); 29% to 48% did not have a change in measures of self-efficacy. Ten percent to 24% had at least one unit decrease (range, -1 to -3). Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test (with Bonferroni correction) indicated significant increases in coaches' post-workshop (compared to baseline) mean ranks for three of the four self-efficacy measures (p≤0.013). A structured workshop significantly improved self-efficacy towards the implementation of the 11+ program in youth soccer coaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, MO, UNITED STATES
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
| | - Carly D McKay
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anu M RÄisÄnen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
| | - Tate Hubkarao
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Calgary, AB, CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Perceived barriers to implementation of injury prevention programs among collegiate women's soccer coaches. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:352-356. [PMID: 33071200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knee injury prevention programs (IPPs) reduce knee and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates in female athletes, however, implementation of IPPs is low. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to implementation of IPPs among collegiate women's soccer coaches. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS A custom survey based on the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework and existing literature was sent to 151 out of 153 women's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer coaches in the NCAA's Eastern Region. RESULTS Ten respondents reported that they did not use an IPP (Non-users), and nineteen respondents reported that they did use an IPP (Users). "Cost" was the most highly ranked barrier (median rank: 2) to implementing an IPP among Non-users. For the statement, "Who should be responsible for completing an IPP," Users said "Coaches" (47%) and "Other" (21%), while Non-users said "Strength and conditioning" (50%) and "Athletic trainers" (30%). Respondents who marked "Other", elaborated that it was the responsibility of coaches, athletes, and additional staff members. CONCLUSIONS Cost was the primary barrier to implementation of an IPP. Since the majority of Non-users indicated that implementation of an IPP was the responsibility of a non-coaching staff member, cost may be a surrogate for the expense of hiring an additional staff member rather than the cost of performing the IPP itself. Additionally, using a team-based approach that encompasses athletes, coaches, and non-coaching staff members may support long-term implementation of IPPs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Owoeye OBA, VanderWey MJ, Pike I. Reducing Injuries in Soccer (Football): an Umbrella Review of Best Evidence Across the Epidemiological Framework for Prevention. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2020; 6:46. [PMID: 32955626 PMCID: PMC7505904 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Expectedly, the incidence of soccer-related injuries is high and these injuries exert a significant burden on individuals and families, including health and financial burdens, and on the socioeconomic and healthcare systems. Using established injury prevention frameworks, we present a concise synthesis of the most recent scientific evidence regarding injury rates, characteristics, mechanisms, risk and protective factors, interventions for prevention, and implementation of interventions in soccer. In this umbrella review, we elucidate the most recent available evidence gleaned primarily from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Further, we express the exigent need to move current soccer injury prevention research evidence into action for improved player outcomes and widespread impact through increased attention to dissemination and implementation research. Additionally, we highlight the importance of an enabling context and effective implementation strategies for the successful integration of evidence-based injury prevention programs into real-world soccer settings. This narrative umbrella review provides guidance to inform future research, practice, and policy towards reducing injuries among soccer players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Allied Health Professions Building, 3437 Caroline Street, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Mitchell J VanderWey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Allied Health Professions Building, 3437 Caroline Street, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Owoeye OBA, Emery CA, Befus K, Palacios-Derflingher L, Pasanen K. How much, how often, how well? Adherence to a neuromuscular training warm-up injury prevention program in youth basketball. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2329-2337. [PMID: 32588750 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1782578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Adherence is a key implementation outcome that determines the effectiveness of an intervention. This study, an observational design involving coaches and players from 33 high school basketball teams, evaluated the dimensions of adherence to a basketball-specific neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up program in youth basketball. Coach adherence (daily report of team adherence) was collected prospectively. Adherence measures: cumulative utilization (proportion of total sessions possible), utilization fidelity (average # of exercises completed per NMT session), utilization frequency (average # of NMT sessions completed per week) were calculated and further evaluated for optimal adherence (≥80%, ≥10.4 exercises/session and ≥2 sessions/week, respectively) per coach. Additionally, exercise fidelity (proportion of players performing individual exercises correctly) was assessed. Coach (n = 31; 27-59 years) median cumulative utilization was 80%, utilization fidelity was 12 (of a possible 13 exercises per session) and utilization frequency was 2.3 sessions per week. Optimal adherence ranged from 52% to 71% across measures of adherence. Player exercise fidelity was 48%. Time constraint (47%) was the most frequently reported adherence barrier. While coach adherence to the NMT warm-up program was reasonably high across measures of adherence, a considerable proportion of coaches did not attain optimal adherence levels and player exercise fidelity was low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University , Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Kimberley Befus
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada.,Tampere Research Center of Sport Medicine, UKK Institute , Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gabriel EH, McCann RS, Hoch MC. Use of Social or Behavioral Theories in Exercise-Related Injury Prevention Program Research: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:1515-1528. [PMID: 31187453 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social or behavioral theories within exercise-related injury prevention program (ERIPP) research may lead to a better understanding of why adherence to the programs is low and inform the development of interventions to improve program adherence. There is a need to determine which theories have been used within the literature and at what level theory was used to further the field. OBJECTIVE To determine which social or behavioral science theories have been incorporated within ERIPP research and assess the level at which the theories were used. The key question guiding the search was "What social or behavioral theories have been used within ERIPP research?" METHODS A systematic review of the literature was completed with an appraisal of bias risk using a custom critical appraisal tool. An electronic search of EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection) and PubMed was completed from inception to October 2018. Studies investigating attitudes towards ERIPP participation with the use of a social or behavioral theoretical model or framework were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The electronic search returned 7482 results and two articles were identified though a hand search, which resulted in ten articles meeting inclusion criteria. Four different behavioral or social theoretical models or frameworks were identified including the health action process approach model, health belief model, self-determination theory, and theory of planned behavior. Six studies utilized the theory at a B level meaning a theoretical construct was measured while four utilized the theory at the C level meaning the theory was tested. The mean critical appraisal score was 78%, indicating a majority of the studies were higher quality. CONCLUSION There has been an increase in the use of theory within literature that is specific to ERIPP participation. Additionally, the use of theory has shifted from guiding program design to the measurement of theoretical constructs and testing of the theoretical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Gabriel
- College of Health Professions, Mercer University, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
| | - Ryan S McCann
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gabriel EH, McCann RS, Hoch MC, Cramer RJ. An intervention based on the health belief model led to improvements in self-efficacy towards ERIPP participation and functional performance in club sport athletes: a pilot study. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:921-926. [PMID: 32402758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if an intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) could improve attitudes towards exercise-related injury prevention program (ERIPP) participation and functional performance in club sport participants. DESIGN Repeated measures METHODS: Participants completed the HBM Scale (HBMS) and Theory of Planned Behavior Scale (TPBS) to assess attitudes towards ERIPP participation at three time points (pre-measure, post-measure, follow-up measure). The HBM based intervention was delivered immediately following the pre-measure containing: 1) education on ERIPPs, benefits and barriers to participating, strategies to overcome barriers, risk factors and consequences for lower extremity injuries, and strategies to prevent lower extremity injuries 2) individualized feedback on functional performance 3) demonstration and participation in the 11+. Attitudes towards injury prevention were compared using the subscales of the HBMS and TPBS at all three time points. Functional performance was compared at the pre-measure and follow-up measure. RESULTS Significant improvements with large effect sizes were detected in individual self-efficacy from pre-test (0.73±4.48) to post-test (2.93±4.30; P=0.05; ƞ2=0.18) and pre-test to follow-up (3.20±3.49; P=0.04; ƞ2=0.20) and community led self-efficacy from pre-test (4.40±2.75) to post-test (6.07±3.43; P=0.02; ƞ2=0.24) and pre-test to follow-up (7.07±2.05; P=0.001; ƞ2=0.44). Additionally, significant improvements were found in the LESS-RT following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The intervention based on the HBM led to improvements in individual and community led self-efficacy indicating an enhancement in the participants' confidence in their ability to participate in an ERIPP. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of individualized interventions to improve attitudes towards and adherence to ERIPPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan S McCann
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky
| | - Robert J Cramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Clifton DR, Gribbin TC, Beutler AI, de la Motte SJ. See the Forest for the Trees: Making Injury Risk Mitigation Programs Work for You. Curr Sports Med Rep 2020; 19:175-177. [PMID: 32358300 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Clifton
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance (CHAMP), Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy C Gribbin
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance (CHAMP), Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anthony I Beutler
- Department of Family Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sarah J de la Motte
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance (CHAMP), Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Parsons JL, Carswell J, Nwoba IM, Stenberg H. ATHLETE PERCEPTIONS AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF THE FIFA 11 + PROGRAM IN 9-11 YEAR-OLD FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS: A CLUSTER RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2019; 14:740-752. [PMID: 31598412 PMCID: PMC6769279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong evidence supports the use of the FIFA 11 + injury risk reduction warm-up program among soccer players, but few studies have investigated its impact on physical performance and movement control in athletes younger than 12 years of age, or the athletes' opinions of participating in the program. PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the FIFA 11 + program on movement control [Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and Y-Balance test (YBT)], agility, vertical jump (VJ) height, and trunk muscle endurance compared to a standard warm-up in pre-teen female athletes over one indoor soccer season. A secondary purpose was to assess the athletes' tolerance and enjoyment of the program. STUDY DESIGN Cluster randomized controlled trial. METHODS All six teams in the U10 and U11 female divisions of a developmental-level soccer club were cluster randomized to the FIFA 11 + program intervention group or the control group. Participants in the control group continued with a coach-determined warm-up for the duration of a five-month indoor soccer season. Pre- and post-season participants underwent physical testing using the agility T-test, Belt Mat vertical jump (VJ), and static plank tests; and two measures of neuromuscular control (LESS, YBT). Following the soccer season, the athletes in the intervention group also completed a bespoke Tolerance and Enjoyment questionnaire. RESULTS The 11 + group (n = 25) increased their mean static plank hold time by 26.1 ± 38.5 seconds compared to the control group (n = 18), who only increased by 2.1 ± 37.1 seconds (p = 0.047). For all athletes, there were improvements in mean LESS score (0.6 ± 1.3, p = 0.003), and T-test time (0.4 ± 0.7, p = 0.001); however, YBT scores worsened by approximately 2% from pre- to postseason. No differences were found for VJ. Athletes tolerated the program well, but the majority described the enjoyment of completing the program as moderately low. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the 11 + program may improve some aspects of physical performance in 9-11 year-old female soccer players, but the low enthusiasm for the program could have longer term adherence implications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Parsons
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joanne Carswell
- Vista Place Physiotherapy and Sports Injury Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Izuchukwu Michael Nwoba
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Haley Stenberg
- Vista Place Physiotherapy and Sports Injury Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Perera NKP, Åkerlund I, Hägglund M. Motivation for sports participation, injury prevention expectations, injury risk perceptions and health problems in youth floorball players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3722-3732. [PMID: 30982108 PMCID: PMC6800853 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe the motivation for floorball participation, injury prevention expectations, injury risk perceptions and prevalence of health problems in youth floorball players at the start of the season. METHODS This cross-sectional survey is part of a larger Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE) project and provides baseline data before a cluster randomised controlled trial of an injury prevention program (Knee Control). A baseline survey (online and paper based) was collected from 47 teams with 471 youth floorball players from two provinces of Sweden before the start of the 2017 season. RESULTS The mean age for 140 females and 331 males was 13.7 (± 1.5) and 13.3 (± 1.0) years, respectively. The two most significant motivators for floorball participation were being part of the team (82% females, 75% males) and friends (65% females, 70% males). Fractures (84% females, 90% males), eye injuries (90% females, 83% males) and concussion (82% females, 83% males) were perceived as the most severe injuries. 93% of players believed that sports injuries can be prevented, while 74% believed it is unlikely that they will sustain an injury. Existing health problems at the beginning of the season were prevalent in 33% of players, with 65% being injuries and 35% illnesses. 17% of existing injuries at the start of the season caused time-loss from play and 17% required medical attention. CONCLUSION Social aspects were the greatest motivators for floorball participation in youths, suggesting that these factors are important to retain sports participants. The high number of health problems in youth is a concern; as such more effort, resources and priority should be given to sports safety programs. Many players believed that sports injuries can be prevented, possibly providing a fertile ground for implementation of such programs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida Åkerlund
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Åman M, Larsén K, Forssblad M, Näsmark A, Waldén M, Hägglund M. A Nationwide Follow-up Survey on the Effectiveness of an Implemented Neuromuscular Training Program to Reduce Acute Knee Injuries in Soccer Players. Orthop J Sports Med 2018; 6:2325967118813841. [PMID: 30622995 PMCID: PMC6304704 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118813841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A cruciate ligament (CL) injury is a severe injury in soccer. Neuromuscular
training programs have a well-documented preventive effect, but there are
few studies on the effectiveness of such a program at a national level. The
Swedish Knee Control Program (KCP) was found to be effective in preventing
CL injuries in youth female soccer players. The KCP was implemented
nationwide in Sweden in 2010. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Swedish KCP in reducing acute knee
injuries in soccer players at a nationwide level. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: All licensed soccer players in Sweden are covered by the same insurance
company. Using this insurance database, around 17,500 acute knee injuries
that were reported to the insurance company between 2006 and 2015 were
included in the study. By matching the number of licensed soccer players
with the number of reported injuries each year, the annual incidence of knee
and CL injuries was able to be calculated. To evaluate the spread of the KCP
nationally, a questionnaire was sent to all 24 Swedish district football
associations (FAs) with questions regarding KCP education. The number of
downloads of the KCP mobile application (app) was obtained. Results: The incidence of CL injuries decreased during the study period for both male
(from 2.9 to 2.4 per 1000 player-years) and female players (from 4.9 to 3.9
per 1000 player-years). The overall incidence of knee injuries decreased in
both male (from 5.6 to 4.6 per 1000 player-years) and female players (from
8.7 to 6.4 per 1000 player-years). Comparing before and after the nationwide
implementation of the KCP, there was a decrease in the incidence of CL
injuries by 6% (rate ratio [RR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.89-0.98]) in male players
and 13% (RR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.81-0.92]) in female players and a decrease in
the incidence of knee injuries by 8% (RR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.89-0.96]) and 21%
(RR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.75-0.83]), respectively (P < .01
for all). This trend corresponded to a reduction of approximately 100 CL
injuries each year in Sweden. A total of 21 of 24 district FAs held
organized KCP educational courses during the study period. The percentage of
district FAs holding KCP courses was between 46% and 79% each year. There
were 101,236 downloads of the KCP app. Conclusion: The KCP can be considered partially implemented nationwide, and the incidence
of knee and CL injuries has decreased in both sexes at a nationwide
level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Åman
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Larsén
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Forssblad
- Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Markus Waldén
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wilke J, Niederer D, Vogt L, Banzer W. Is the message getting through? Awareness and use of the 11+ injury prevention programme in amateur level football clubs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195998. [PMID: 29672579 PMCID: PMC5909603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that the 11+ warm-up programme is effective in preventing football-related musculoskeletal injuries. However, despite considerable efforts to promote and disseminate the programme, it is unclear as to whether team head coaches are familiar with the 11+ and how they rate its feasibility. The present study aimed to gather information on awareness and usage among German amateur level football coaches. A questionnaire was administered to 7893 individuals who were in charge of youth and adult non-professional teams. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the obtained data. A total of 1223 coaches (16%) returned the questionnaire. There was no risk of a non-response bias (p>.05). At the time of the survey, nearly half of the participants (42.6%) knew the 11+. Among the coaches who were familiar with the programme, three of four reported applying it regularly (at least once per week). Holding a license (φ = .28, p < .0001), high competitive level (Cramer-V = .13, p = .007), and coaching a youth team (φ = .1, p = .001) were associated with usage of 11+. Feasibility and suitability of the 11+ were rated similarly by aware and unaware coaches. Although a substantial share of German amateur level coaches is familiar with the 11+, more than half of the surveyed participants did not know the programme. As the non-usage does not appear to stem from a lack of rated feasibility and suitability, existing communication strategies might need to be revised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Sports Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Sports Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Sports Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Sports Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guy-Cherry D, Alanazi A, Miller L, Staloch D, Ortiz-Rodriguez A. Landing Styles Influences Reactive Strength Index without Increasing Risk for Injury. Sports Med Int Open 2018; 2:E35-E40. [PMID: 30539115 PMCID: PMC6225960 DOI: 10.1055/a-0608-4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to determine which three landing styles - stiff (ST), self-selected (SS), or soft (SF) - exhibit safer landing mechanics and greater jumping performance. Thirty participants (age: 26.5±5.1 years; height: 171.0±8.8 cm; weight: 69.7±10.1 kg) performed five trials of three randomized drop jump (40 cm) landing styles including SF (~60° knee flexion), ST (knees as straight as possible), and SS. Knee flexion and valgus angles and kinetics were measured. An electromyography system measured muscle activity of the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius. Reactive strength index (RSI) was used to measure jumping performance. ANOVAs were used to compare the three landings. All landings differed in knee flexion (p<0.001; effect size (η 2 ): 0.9) but not valgus (p=.13; η 2 :.15). RSI (mm·ms -1 ) showed differences for all jumps (p<0.001; η 2 : 0.7) with SS (0.96) showing the highest value, then ST (0.93), and SF (0.64). Ground reaction forces were different between jumps (p<0.001; η 2 : 0.4) with SF (1.34/bodyweight (bw)) showing lower forces, then SS (1.50/bw), and ST (1.81/bw). No between-jump differences were observed for EMG (p>0.66; η 2 : 0.3). No landing demonstrated valgus landing mechanics. The SS landing exhibited the highest RSI. However, the 1.8/bw exhibited by the ST landing might contribute to overload of musculotendinous structures at the knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Guy-Cherry
- Texas Woman’s University, School of Physical Therapy, Houston, United States
| | - Ahmad Alanazi
- Majmaah University, Physical Therapy, Al Majma’ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lauren Miller
- Texas Woman’s University, School of Physical Therapy, Houston, United States
| | - Darrin Staloch
- Texas Woman’s University, School of Physical Therapy, Houston, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lindblom H, Carlfjord S, Hägglund M. Adoption and use of an injury prevention exercise program in female football: A qualitative study among coaches. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1295-1303. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Lindblom
- Division of Physiotherapy; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - S. Carlfjord
- Division of Community Medicine; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - M. Hägglund
- Division of Physiotherapy; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| |
Collapse
|