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Ngwenya S, Mashau NS, Mudau AG, Mhlongo SE, Traoré AN. Community Perceptions on Health Risks Associated With Toxic Chemical Pollutants in Kwekwe City, Zimbabwe: A Qualitative Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2024; 18:11786302241260487. [PMID: 39132207 PMCID: PMC11316267 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241260487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Globally, environmental pollution continues to be a significant public health problem, and according to the World Health Organisation, pollution-induced deaths account for 23% of deaths yearly, which could be prevented if people lived in healthier environments. Despite implementing multilateral agreements and international treaties such as the Bamako, Basel, Rotterdam, Minamata, and Stockholm conventions, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and national laws, toxic pollutants remain a serious environmental and public health problem in low-income countries. In the specific context of Kwekwe City, an industrial and mining area in Zimbabwe, where environmental and pollution-induced health problems associated with industries have been widely reported, this study was conducted in close collaboration with the local community. The study aimed to assess community members' perceptions regarding health risks associated with potentially toxic elements and cyanide pollution in Kwekwe City. An explorative cross-sectional study was conducted with key stakeholders and industrial settlements' residents. Face-to-face interviews with key informants and focus group discussions with residents and workers were used to gather data. A thematic approach was utilised in data analysis. Study participants, who played a crucial role in the research process, perceived that industrial pollution principally linked to cyanide, mercury and chromium posed significant environmental and health risks. This participatory approach in risk perception assessment is critical in providing insight into the scope of the problem and formulating intervention strategies. However, given that qualitative study results lack generalisability and replicability, quantitative studies need to be undertaken to determine environmental levels of toxic chemical pollutants as a complementary and validative measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheunesu Ngwenya
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Ntsieni Stella Mashau
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Azwinndini Gladys Mudau
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Sphiwe Emmanuel Mhlongo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Afsatou Ndama Traoré
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Africa DD, Dy Quiangco RB, Go CK. Lag and duration of leader-follower relationships in mixed traffic using causal inference. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:013130. [PMID: 38252779 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study presents comprehensive analysis of car-following behavior on roads, utilizing Granger causality and transfer entropy techniques to enhance the validity of existing car-following models. It was found that most leader-follower relationships exhibit a delay in lateral movement by 4-5 s and last for short periods of around 3-5 s. These patterns are exhibited for all types of relationship found in the dataset, as well as for followers of all types. These findings imply that lateral movement reactions are governed by a different set of rules from braking and acceleration reactions, and the advantage in following lateral changes is short-lived. This also suggests that mixed traffic conditions may force drivers to slow down and calibrate reactions, as well as limiting the speed advantage gained by following a leader. Our methods were verified against random sampling as a method of selecting leader-follower pairs, decreasing the percent error in predicted speeds by 9.5% using the optimal velocity car-following model. The study concludes with a set of recommendations for future work, including the use of a diversity of car-following models for simulation and the use of causation entropy to distinguish between direct and indirect influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Demitri Africa
- Collaborative Analytics Group, Department of Mathematics, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | - Ronald Benjamin Dy Quiangco
- Collaborative Analytics Group, Department of Mathematics, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | - Clark Kendrick Go
- Collaborative Analytics Group, Department of Mathematics, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
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Fu A, Zhao T, Gao X, Li X, Liu X, Liu J. Association of psychological symptoms with job burnout and occupational stress among coal miners in Xinjiang, China: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1049822. [PMID: 36582381 PMCID: PMC9792974 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1049822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of psychological symptoms in relation to job burnout and occupational stress among coal miners in Xinjiang, so as to provide data support for enterprises in an effort to help them identify internal psychological risk factors and improve the mental health of coal miners. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 12 coal mines were selected using the stratified cluster random sampling method and 4,109 coal miners were investigated by means of online electronic questionnaires. The Symptoms Check List-90 (SCL-90), Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI), and Job Demand-Control (JDC) model were respectively used to measure the status of psychological symptoms, job burnout, and occupational stress among coal miners. The mediation analysis was performed through structural equation modeling (SEM) by using Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). Results The prevalence of psychological symptoms was higher in the occupational stress group than in the non-occupational stress group, and increased with job burnout (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that mild (OR = 1.401, 95% CL: 1.165, 1.685), moderate (OR = 2.190, 95% CL: 1.795, 2.672), or severe levels of burnout (OR = 6.102, 95% CL: 3.481, 10.694) and occupational stress (OR = 1.462, 95% CL: 1.272, 1.679) were risk factors for psychological symptoms in coal miners. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that occupational stress (β = 0.11, P = 0.002) and job burnout (β = 0.46, P = 0.002) had significant positive direct effects on psychological symptoms, and job burnout was an intermediate variable between occupational stress and psychological symptoms. Conclusion High levels of job burnout and occupational stress were risk factors for psychological symptoms. Both occupational stress and job burnout had direct effects on psychological symptoms, and occupational stress could also have an indirect effect on coal miners' psychological symptoms through the intermediate variable of job burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Fu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Medical Record Management, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Medical Record Management, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xinze Li
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,*Correspondence: Jiwen Liu
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Yang H, Zhao J, Li G. A new hybrid prediction model of PM 2.5 concentration based on secondary decomposition and optimized extreme learning machine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67214-67241. [PMID: 35524096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As air pollution worsens, the prediction of PM2.5 concentration becomes increasingly important for public health. This paper proposes a new hybrid prediction model of PM2.5 concentration based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE), variational mode decomposition improved by marine predators algorithm (MPA-VMD), and extreme learning machine optimized by chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA-ELM), named CEEMDAN-AAPE-MPA-VMD-ChOA-ELM. Firstly, CEEMDAN is used to decompose the original data, and AAPE is used to quantify the complexity of all IMF components. Secondly, MPA-VMD is used to decompose the IMF component with the maximum AAPE. Lastly, ChOA-ELM is used to predict all IMF components, and all prediction results are reconstructed to obtain the final prediction results. The proposed model combines the advantages of secondary decomposition technique, feature analysis, and optimization algorithm, which can predict PM2.5 concentration accurately. PM2.5 concentrations at hourly intervals collected from March 1, 2021, to March 31, 2021, in Shanghai and Shenyang, China, are used for experimental study and DM test. The experimental results in Shanghai show that the RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R2 of the proposed model are 1.0676, 0.7685, 0.0181, and 0.9980 respectively, which is better than all comparison models at 90% confidence level. In Shenyang, the RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R2 of the proposed model are 1.4399, 1.1258, 0.0389, and 0.9976, respectively, which is better than all comparison models at 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junlin Zhao
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guohui Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China
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Kuznetsova OV, Bobrovsky RO. Location of the Largest Pharmaceutical Companies in Russia: Contribution to Regional Divergence or Convergence? REGIONAL RESEARCH OF RUSSIA 2022. [PMCID: PMC9477164 DOI: 10.1134/s2079970522020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Kuznetsova
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control,” Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - R. O. Bobrovsky
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Wang Y, Pan S, Yin J, Feng H, Wang M, Chen T. Resource potential and global warming potential of fruit and vegetable waste in China based on different treatment strategies. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 140:225-232. [PMID: 34838375 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) contains rich resources that can be recovered by methods such as incineration, anaerobic digestion to generate heat energy, biogas, and preservation by ensiling. However, a horizontal comparison of the resource potential and environmental impact of different recycling methods employed for FVW has not been conducted. This study quantifies and computes the recycling potential and global warming potential (GWP) of anaerobic digestion, ensiling, and incineration of the FVW generated during primary production in China. First, a gray model was employed to estimate the FVW output in 2030, based on the FVW produced between 2002 and 2017. Next, the resource potential and GWP of anaerobic digestion, incineration, and ensiling were evaluated. Finally, an optimization method was utilized to analyze possible strategies of FVW recycling in 2030. Results indicate that FVW output in China is expected to increase to 170 Mt by 2030, highlighting the need for efficient treatment options. Further, the resource potential and GWP of different waste treatment strategies were notably different. The recycling potential of ensiling was the highest at 1950 MJ/t; while the GWP of anaerobic digestion was the lowest at -31 kg CO2eq. An optimization analysis suggested that the optimal target of 100% would be attained if all FVW is ensiled in 2030. The study provides a basis for informed technical decision-making related to FVW recycling options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- School of Environment Science &Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, HangZhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shuping Pan
- Zhejiang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Environment Science &Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, HangZhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huajun Feng
- School of Environment Science &Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, HangZhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meizheng Wang
- School of Environment Science &Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, HangZhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Environment Science &Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, HangZhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Sordillo JE, Hivert MF, Oken E, Chavarro JE. Association of mode of delivery with offspring pubertal development in Project Viva: a prospective pre-birth cohort study in the USA. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:54-65. [PMID: 34755186 PMCID: PMC8730300 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is cesarean delivery associated with earlier offspring pubertal development? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified that boys born by cesarean delivery developed puberty earlier, evidenced by an earlier age at peak height velocity and earlier attainment of puberty score > 1, than boys born by vaginal delivery. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cesarean delivery is posited to have long-term effects on health outcomes. However, few studies have examined whether mode of delivery is related to pubertal development. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Prospective pre-birth cohort study consisting of 1485 mother-child pairs enrolled during pregnancy from obstetric practices and followed up until early adolescence (median age 12.9 years). Participant inclusion required data on mode of delivery and at least one measure of pubertal development. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants are children from the Project Viva study. We abstracted information on delivery mode from electronic medical records from children followed since birth (1999-2002) and examined the following markers of pubertal development: age at peak height velocity (APHV); age at menarche (girls only); parent-reported pubertal development score; and child-reported pictograph Tanner pubic hair staging. We used multivariable regression models to examine associations of delivery mode with these four pubertal indices, adjusting for the following confounders: demographic and socioeconomic factors; maternal height, pre-pregnancy BMI, total gestational weight gain, pregnancy conditions, parity, and maternal age at menarche; paternal height and BMI; gestational age at delivery and birthweight-for-gestational-age z-score. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In this study, 23.2% of children were born by cesarean delivery. Girls had an earlier APHV, had a higher pubertal score throughout childhood and in early adolescence, and were more likely to attain puberty score >1 and Tanner pubic hair Stage >1 earlier compared to boys. Mean (SD) age at menarche in girls was 12.4 (1.0) years. Boys born by cesarean delivery had significantly earlier APHV (β -0.23 years; 95% CI -0.40, -0.05) and higher risk of earlier attainment of puberty score > 1 (hazard ratio 1.09; 95% CI 1.01, 1.19) than boys born by vaginal delivery, after adjusting for confounders. These associations were not mediated by pre-pubertal BMI and were similar for planned (no labor) and unplanned (labor) cesarean delivery. No associations were observed between delivery mode and time to attain Tanner pubic hair Stage > 1 in boys. In girls, mode of delivery was not associated with any of the measured pubertal development markers. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study used, as secondary outcomes, parent- and child-reported measures of pubertal development, which may be more prone to error and misclassification than information collected by trained observers or physicians during clinical examinations. The findings may also not be generalizable to populations from different settings, because all participants lived in one geographic area, were well educated, and had health care. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide support for cesarean delivery as a potential indicator of identifying children who are likely to experience earlier pubertal development; however, more studies are needed to confirm or refute these observations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health. The authors have no financial relationships or competing interests to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne E Sordillo
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Bezerra HCDJ, Gaudêncio EDO, Batista JRDM, De Lucena MDSR, De Oliveira AR. A RELAÇÃO ENTRE HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL, ANSIEDADE E ESTRESSE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA. PSICOLOGIA EM ESTUDO 2021. [DOI: 10.4025/psicolestud.v26i0.46083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa de literaturapara verificar o que os estudos têm abordado sobre a relação entre estresse e ansiedade em pessoas hipertensas. Para tanto, o levantamento dos estudos foi realizado nas bases PsycINFO, Portal da Capes, Scielo e Medline BVS-PSI, utilizando os descritores ‘hipertensão arterial’ and ‘estresse’ and ‘ansiedade’, e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa ‘arterial hypertension’ and ‘stress’ and ‘anxiety’ e espanhola ‘hipertensión’and ‘estrés’ and ‘ansiedad’, considerando os últimos seis anos (2013 a 2018). Foram selecionados 14 estudos. Os resultados foram agrupados em três categorias: a) o impacto causado pelo diagnóstico de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, b) fatores psicológicos associados à hipertensão arterial e c)relação saúde física versus saúde mental: uma questão também de método. Os resultados mostraram que ansiedade e estresse, além da depressão podem apresentar-se como aspectos moduladores da hipertensão arterial. Portanto, considera-se necessária a desmistificação da lógica cartesiana entre mente e corpo, para que sejam efetivadas ações de cuidado integral dos sujeitos e de promoção à saúde. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos reafirmem a importância de considerar os aspectos psicológicos e emocionais nas doenças crônicas e que estudos futuros com diferentes delineamentos sejam desenvolvidos na área da psicologia.
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Bhandari G, Atreya K, Vašíčková J, Yang X, Geissen V. Ecological risk assessment of pesticide residues in soils from vegetable production areas: A case study in S-Nepal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147921. [PMID: 34134388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides pose a serious risk to ecosystems. In this study, we used European Food Safety Authority methods, such as risk quotient (RQ) and toxicity exposure ratios (TER), to assess the potential ecological risks of 15 pesticide residues detected in agricultural soils in the Gaidahawa Rural Municipality of Nepal. The mean and maximum concentrations of the detected pesticide residues in the soil were used for risk characterization related to soil organisms. RQmean, TERmean and RQmaximum, TERmaximum were used to determine general and the worst-case scenarios, respectively. Of all the detected pesticides in soils, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for 27% of the pesticides was not available in literature for the tested soil organisms and their TER and RQ could not be calculated. RQ threshold value of ≥1 indicates high risk for organisms. Similarly, TER threshold value of ≥5, which is acceptable trigger point value for chronic exposure, indicates an acceptable risk. The results showed that the worst-case scenario (RQmaximum) indicated a high risk for soil organisms from chlorpyrifos [RQmaximum > 9 at depths (cm) of 0-5, 15-20 and 35-40 soil layer]; imidacloprid (1.78 in the 35-40 cm soil layer) and profenofos (3.37 in the 0-5 cm and 1.09 in the 35-40 cm soil layer). Likewise, for all the soil depths, the calculated TER for both the general and worst-case scenarios for chlorpyrifos ranged from 0.37 to 3.22, indicating chronic toxicity to F. candida. Furthermore, the risk of organophosphate pesticides for soil organisms in the sampling sites was mainly due to chlorpyrifos, except for two study sites where the risk was from profenofos. Ecological risk assessment (EcoRA) of the pesticide use in the study area indicated that the EFSA soil organisms were at risk at some of the localities where farmers practiced conventional farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhandari
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Progressive Sustainable Developers Nepal (PSD-Nepal), P.O. Box 23883, Kathmandu 31, Nepal.
| | - Kishor Atreya
- School of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Institute of Forestry (IOF), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jana Vašíčková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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Ntloko BR, Siebert SJ, Mokotjomela TM. Rehabilitation of kimberlite tailings in the afro‐alpine zone of Lesotho: seed germination and plant performance of native grassland species across different topsoil mixtures. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan J. Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Thabiso M. Mokotjomela
- Centre for Invasion Biology South Africa National Biodiversity Institute, Free State National Botanical Garden Bloemfontein South Africa
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Lu RXZ, Radisic M. Organ-on-a-chip platforms for evaluation of environmental nanoparticle toxicity. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2801-2819. [PMID: 33665510 PMCID: PMC7900603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite showing a great promise in the field of nanomedicine, nanoparticles have gained a significant attention from regulatory agencies regarding their possible adverse health effects upon environmental exposure. Whether those nanoparticles are generated through intentional or unintentional means, the constant exposure to nanomaterials can inevitably lead to unintended consequences based on epidemiological data, yet the current understanding of nanotoxicity is insufficient relative to the rate of their emission in the environment and the lack of predictive platforms that mimic the human physiology. This calls for a development of more physiologically relevant models, which permit the comprehensive and systematic examination of toxic properties of nanoparticles. With the advancement in microfabrication techniques, scientists have shifted their focus on the development of an engineered system that acts as an intermediate between a well-plate system and animal models, known as organ-on-a-chips. The ability of organ-on-a-chip models to recapitulate in vivo like microenvironment and responses offers a new avenue for nanotoxicological research. In this review, we aim to provide overview of assessing potential risks of nanoparticle exposure using organ-on-a-chip systems and their potential to delineate biological mechanisms of epidemiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gallo Corredor JA, Humberto Pérez E, Figueroa R, Figueroa Casas A. Water quality of streams associated with artisanal gold mining; Suárez, Department of Cauca, Colombia. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07047. [PMID: 34141911 PMCID: PMC8187243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold mining is one of the major problems of contamination of hydric resources in Colombia, this practice generates a high impact on water quality due to the accumulation of waste during its process. In this study water quality was evaluated in five natural stream beds corresponding to four streams with gold mining operations and one in the Cauca River, taking samples before the water inlet and after the outlet in each operation in the streams of Dios Te Dé, Tamboral, Piedra Imán, and Lorenzo affected by artisanal gold mining labor, which drain into the Salvajina Reservoir on the Cauca River in the municipality of Suárez Cauca, Colombia. Characterization of water bodies in the streams was carried out applying contamination indices of Colombia. The IDEAM protocol was used as guide to monitor the water currents. Samples were taken in 15 stations in the natural stream beds with operations and a sampling station on the Cauca River after the reservoir in these lotic ecosystems, during three periods; two from 2018 and one from 2019. The range of the contamination indices according to the environmental variables were considered. Results show that the contaminants associated with TSS, TUR, and Hg are high in the sampling stations in the output of the operations and the sampling stations of the streams with influence on the operations (T3, T4, I2, I3, D2, and D5). The water quality score according to the ICA IDEAM index varied between acceptable and regular in the different sampling stations. However the Hg concentration in sampling station C1 of the Cauca River is due to contributions from the operations in the amalgamation process. This requires strategic interventions by the communities, miners, operation owners, and control organisms as the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cauca (CRC) and the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MADS) to minimize the negative impacts on the hydric resource and ecosystemic services associated with this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Gallo Corredor
- Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences, University of Cauca, Department of Chemistry, Research Group on Environmental Analytical Chemistry (GIQA), 3 Nº 3N-100, Popayán, 190002, Colombia
| | - Edier Humberto Pérez
- Ph.D. University of Cauca, Department of Chemistry, Research Group on Agro-chemistry, 3 Nº 3N-100, Popayán, 190002, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Figueroa
- Ph.D. University of Conception, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and EULA-Chile Center, St Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - Apolinar Figueroa Casas
- Ph.D. University of Cauca, Department of Biology, Research Group on Environmental Studies, 3 Nº 3N-100, Popayán, 190002, Colombia
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Zhou J, Ma X, Tian J, Hong F, Li J. Spatial distribution and risk factors of adverse treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in Guizhou, China, 2013-2018. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7706. [PMID: 33833283 PMCID: PMC8032654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) in Guizhou province has ranked to be the top four among the 31 China provinces. The spatial distribution and influencing factors of adverse outcomes of TB in Guizhou are unclear. In our study, the cases information of TB in Guizhou province from 2013 to 2018 was collected, we analyzed the spatial distribution and clusters of five adverse outcomes of TB with ArcMap10.2 software, used logistics regression analysis to assessed risk factors and used Chi-square analysis to analyze variation trend of the five adverse outcomes. A total of 237, 806 cases information of TB were collected. The proportion of adverse outcomes in TB patients was 6.18%, among which adverse reactions accounted for 1.05%, lost to follow-up accounted for 1.44%, treatment failed accounted for 1.15%, died accounted for 2.31%, switch to MDR accounted for 0.24%. The component ratio of adverse outcomes showed an upward trend (P < 0.05).Regional clustering existed in each of adverse outcomes (P < 0.05). There were high-risk minorities, gender, age, occupation, type of diagnosis, Therapeutic category existed in adverse outcomes of TB. Miao and Dong had a higher risk in adverse reaction of TB compared with Han. Women had a higher risk in adverse reactions than men, and a lower risk of lost to follow-up, failed, and died. Retreated patients had a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Timely monitoring and active intervention should be carried out for some high-risk areas and groups, including middle-aged and elderly patients, rural patients, floating patients, severe patients and retreated patients during the process of patient diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Tian
- The First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Hong
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jinlan Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Institute of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
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14
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Cameron L, Rocque R, Penner K, Mauro I. Public perceptions of Lyme disease and climate change in southern Manitoba, Canada: making a case for strategic decoupling of climate and health messages. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:617. [PMID: 33781235 PMCID: PMC8008613 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite scientific evidence that climate change has profound and far reaching implications for public health, translating this knowledge in a manner that supports citizen engagement, applied decision-making, and behavioural change can be challenging. This is especially true for complex vector-borne zoonotic diseases such as Lyme disease, a tick-borne disease which is increasing in range and impact across Canada and internationally in large part due to climate change. This exploratory research aims to better understand public risk perceptions of climate change and Lyme disease in order to increase engagement and motivate behavioural change. METHODS A focus group study involving 61 participants was conducted in three communities in the Canadian Prairie province of Manitoba in 2019. Focus groups were segmented by urban, rural, and urban-rural geographies, and between participants with high and low levels of self-reported concern regarding climate change. RESULTS Findings indicate a broad range of knowledge and risk perceptions on both climate change and Lyme disease, which seem to reflect the controversy and complexity of both issues in the larger public discourse. Participants in high climate concern groups were found to have greater climate change knowledge, higher perception of risk, and less skepticism than those in low concern groups. Participants outside of the urban centre were found to have more familiarity with ticks, Lyme disease, and preventative behaviours, identifying differential sources of resilience and vulnerability. Risk perceptions of climate change and Lyme disease were found to vary independently rather than correlate, meaning that high climate change risk perception did not necessarily indicate high Lyme disease risk perception and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS This research contributes to the growing literature framing climate change as a public health issue, and suggests that in certain cases climate and health messages might be framed in a way that strategically decouples the issue when addressing climate skeptical audiences. A model showing the potential relationship between Lyme disease and climate change perceptions is proposed, and implications for engagement on climate change health impacts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cameron
- Prairie Climate Centre, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada.
| | - Rhéa Rocque
- Prairie Climate Centre, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Kailey Penner
- Prairie Climate Centre, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Ian Mauro
- Prairie Climate Centre, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada.
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15
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Gryaznova MV, Solodskikh SA, Panevina AV, Syromyatnikov MY, Dvoretskaya YD, Sviridova TN, Popov ES, Popov VN. Study of microbiome changes in patients with ulcerative colitis in the Central European part of Russia. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06432. [PMID: 33748490 PMCID: PMC7970149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease that affects the colon and rectum. Recently, evidence has emerged about the influence of microbiota on the development of this disease. However, studies on the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of UC have been incomplete. In addition, there are no comprehensive studies of the causes of ulcerative colitis and data on the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with ulcerative colitis in Russia. We carried out a study of the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy individuals. We found significant changes in the bacteria genera and species in patients with UC compared with the control group using sequencing on the IonTorrent PGM system and subsequent data analysis. In our study we observed a significant increase of the genus Haemophilus, Olsenella, Prevotella, Cedecea, Peptostreptococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Negativibacillus, Butyrivibrio, and the species Bacteroides coprocola, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Dialister succinatiphilus, Sutterella wadsworthensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with ulcerative colitis. In addition, in patients with ulcerative colitis there was a significant decrease in the genus Fusicatenibacter, Butyricimonas, Lactococcus, Eisenbergiella, Coprobacter, Cutibacterium, Falsochrobactrum, Brevundimonas, Yersinia, Leuconostoc and in the species Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans. We found confirmation of our data with literary sources and studies of UC. In addition, we discovered a few taxa such as Negativibacillus spp. and Falsochrobactrum spp. that have not been previously found in human stool samples. Our data confirm that more research is needed to understand the role of microbiome changes in the development of UC in different people populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Gryaznova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia.,Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - S A Solodskikh
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia.,Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - A V Panevina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - M Y Syromyatnikov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia.,Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yu D Dvoretskaya
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia.,Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - T N Sviridova
- Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology, Voronezh State Medical University Named After N.N. Burdenko, 394036 Voronezh, Russia.,Family Medicine Center "Olympus of Health", 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - E S Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - V N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia.,Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
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16
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He R, Zhu B, Liu J, Zhang N, Zhang WH, Mao Y. Women's cancers in China: a spatio-temporal epidemiology analysis. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:116. [PMID: 33743648 PMCID: PMC7981806 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's cancers, represented by breast and gynecologic cancers, are emerging as a significant threat to women's health, while previous studies paid little attention to the spatial distribution of women's cancers. This study aims to conduct a spatio-temporal epidemiology analysis on breast, cervical and ovarian cancers in China, thus visualizing and comparing their epidemiologic trends and spatio-temporal changing patterns. METHODS Data on the incidence and mortality of women's cancers between January 2010 and December 2015 were obtained from the National Cancer Registry Annual Report. Linear tests and bar charts were used to visualize and compare the epidemiologic trends. Two complementary spatial statistics (Moran's I statistics and Kulldorff's space-time scan statistics) were adopted to identify the spatial-temporal clusters. RESULTS The results showed that the incidence and mortality of breast cancer displayed slow upward trends, while that of cervical cancer increase dramatically, and the mortality of ovarian cancer also showed a fast increasing trend. Significant differences were detected in incidence and mortality of breast, cervical and ovarian cancer across east, central and west China. The average incidence of breast cancer displayed a high-high cluster feature in part of north and east China, and the opposite traits occurred in southwest China. In the meantime, the average incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in central China revealed a high-high cluster feature, and that of ovarian cancer in northern China displayed a high-high cluster feature. Besides, the anomalous clusters were also detected based on the space-time scan statistics. CONCLUSION Regional differences were detected in the distribution of women's cancers in China. An effective response requires a package of coordinated actions that vary across localities regarding the spatio-temporal epidemics and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin He
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 UZ, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyin West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 UZ, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049 China
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17
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Amiri S, Hosseini SM. Prevalence of current and former smoking in industrial workers worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:288-306. [PMID: 33416038 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1860422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the health problems in recent decades is the prevalence of smoking in the world. In this study, the global prevalence of smoking in industrial workers was investigated using meta-analysis. METHOD The method of the present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Three scientific sources, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were selected for the search, and these databases were searched until September 2020. Random effects method was used for the analysis and then the analysis was performed for the type of smoking (Current, Former), gender, and continent. Heterogeneity was examined in all analyses. RESULT A total of 88 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of smoking in industrial workers was 41% also the confidence interval was 35-48%. The prevalence of current smoking in industrial workers was 39% also the confidence interval was 29-48%. The prevalence of former smoking in industrial workers was 18% also the confidence interval was 13-22%. I2 heterogeneity test was 99.9%. DISCUSSION From the findings of the present study, it can be seen that industrial workers are more exposed to smoking compared to the general population, and this can put their health at greater risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Hosseini
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Zhang T, Li Y, Song Y, Chen X, Li J, Peng Q, He J, Fei X. Curcumin- and Cyclopamine-Loaded Liposomes to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:5667-5678. [PMID: 33380787 PMCID: PMC7767702 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s287442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hepatic fibrosis is a public health problem characterized by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which triggers excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Inhibition of HSC activation may be an effective treatment. Since various pathways control HSC activation, a combination of drugs with different mechanisms may be more effective than monotherapy. METHODS Here, we prepared liposomes loaded with curcumin and cyclopamine to inhibit HSC activation. We systematically analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of liposomes loaded with the two drugs, as well as their effects on HSC proliferation, activation and collagen production on gene, protein and cellular levels. RESULTS The prepared liposomes helped solubilize both drugs, contributing to their uptake by cells. Liposomes loaded with both drugs inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as induced more apoptosis and perturbed the cell cycle more than the free combination of both drugs in solution or liposomes loaded with either drug alone. Liposomes loaded with both drugs strongly suppressed HSC activation and collagen secretion. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that liposome encapsulation can increase the uptake of curcumin and cyclopamine as well as the synergism between them in anti-fibrosis. This approach shows potential for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
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Using Logistic Regression to Identify Leading Factors to Prepare for an Earthquake Emergency during Daytime and Nighttime: The Case of Mass Earthquake Drills. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122310009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Historical data have demonstrated that earthquakes can happen any time of the day and night. Drills may help communities to better prepare for such emergencies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 4 October to 20 November 2017, in Mexico City. The sample size was 2400. The addressed research questions were “what factors predict the likelihood that respondents would report that they agree on conducting mass evacuation drills: (a) any time of the day and (b) any time at night?” The logistic regression technique was employed to identify the factors leading to the outcome. In relation to (a), five variables were significantly associated with the outcome, i.e., age, frequency of drills, warning time, knowledge on what to do, and “perception vulnerability city”. Regarding (b), five variables were also significantly associated with the outcome variable, i.e., age, level of education, frequency of drills, negative emotions, and fear of house/building collapsing. More generally, several drills should be conducted any time of the day and night; further, 50% of them should be announced and 50% unannounced. Furthermore, the time of earthquake drills should be randomly selected. In this way, we may just match the spatial–temporal dimension of an earthquake emergency. It is hoped that the findings will lead to better preparedness of the residents of the capital city during an earthquake occurrence.
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20
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A critical assessment of the potential of pharmacological modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases to treat the diseases of bone loss. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173541. [PMID: 32896553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism (CA) decreases bone mass and increases the risk of hip fracture. Alcohol and its main metabolite, acetaldehyde impairs osteoblastogenesis by increasing oxidative stress. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in clearing acetaldehyde from the body. The clinical relevance of ALDH in skeletal function has been established by the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP (rs671) in the ALDH2 gene giving rise to an inactive form of the enzyme (ALDH2*2) that causes increased serum acetaldehyde and osteoporosis in the affected individuals. Subsequent mouse genetics studies have replicated human phenotype in mice and confirmed the non-redundant role of ALDH2 in bone homeostasis. The activity of ALDH2 is amenable to pharmacological modulation. ALDH2 inhibition by disulfiram (DSF) and activation by alda-1 cause reduction and induction of bone formation, respectively. DSF also inhibits peak bone mass accrual in growing rats. On the other hand, DSF showed an anti-osteoclastogenic effect and protected mice from alcohol-induced osteopenia by inhibiting ALDH1a1 in bone marrow monocytes. Besides DSF, there are several classes of ALDH inhibitors with disparate skeletal effects. Alda-1, the ALDH2 activator induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) expression via ALDH2 activation. Alda-1 also restored ovariectomy-induced bone loss. The scope of structure-activity based studies with ALDH2 and the alda-1-like molecule could lead to the discovery of novel osteoanabolic molecules. This review will critically discuss the molecular mechanism of the ethanol and its principal metabolite, acetaldehyde in the context of ALDH2 in bone cells, and skeletal homeostasis.
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21
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Bhandari G, Atreya K, Scheepers PTJ, Geissen V. Concentration and distribution of pesticide residues in soil: Non-dietary human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126594. [PMID: 32289601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by pesticide residues is a primary concern because of the high soil persistence of pesticides and their toxicity to humans. We investigated pesticide concentration and distribution at 3 soil depths in 147 soil samples from agricultural land and assessed potential health risks due to non-dietary human exposure to pesticides in Nepal. About sixty percent of the soil samples had pesticides (25% of the soil samples had single residue, 35% of the soil samples had mixtures of 2 or more residues) in 39 different pesticide combinations. Pesticide residues were found more frequently in topsoil. Overall, the concentration of pesticides ranged from 1.0 μg kg-1 to 251 μg kg-1, with a mean of 16 μg kg-1. The concentration of the primary group, organophosphates (OPs), ranged from 1.23 μg kg-1 to 239 μg kg-1, with a mean of 23 μg kg-1. Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were the predominant contaminants in soils. The ionic ratio of DDT and its degradation products suggested a continuing use of DDT in the area. Human health risk assessment of the observed pesticides in soil suggested negligible cancer risks and negligible non-cancer risks based on ingestion as the primary route of exposure. The predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of pesticides were higher than the values found in the guidance for soil contamination used internationally. Low concentrations of residues in the soils from agricultural farms practicing integrated pest management (IPM) suggest that this farming system could reduce soil pollution in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhandari
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Progressive Sustainable Developers Nepal (PSD-Nepal), P.O. Box 23883, Kathmandu 31, Nepal.
| | - Kishor Atreya
- PHASE Nepal, P.O. Box 12888, Suryabinayak 4, Dadhikot, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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Short term association between air pollution (PM 10, NO 2 and O 3) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11823. [PMID: 32678253 PMCID: PMC7366720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) occurs in the context of underlying pulmonary disease. Our objectives were to estimate the relationship between SSP and short term air pollution exposure with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10). Patients with SSP were included between June 1, 2009 and May 31, 2013, in 14 Emergency Departments in France. In this case–crossover design study, PM10, NO2, and O3 data were collected hourly from monitoring stations. Quantitative values, fast increase in air pollutant concentration, and air quality threshold exceedance were retained. These assessments were calculated for each of the 4 days prior to the event (Lag 1–Lag 4) for all case and control period, and for the entire exposure period. A total of 135 patients with SSP were included, with a mean age of 55.56 (SD 18.54) years. For short term exposure of PM10, NO2 and O3, no differences were observed between case and control periods in terms of quantitative values of air pollutant exposure (P > 0.68), fast increase in concentration (P > 0.12) or air quality threshold exceedance (P > 0.68). An association between O3 exposures cannot be ruled out, especially when considering the Lag 2 prior to the event and in warm seasons.
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Ma Y, Yue L, Liu J, He X, Li L, Niu J, Luo B. Association of air pollution with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases of children in an ex-heavily polluted Northwestern city, China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:816. [PMID: 32487068 PMCID: PMC7265648 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great number of studies have confirmed that children are a particularly vulnerable population to air pollution. METHODS In the present study, 332,337 outpatient visits of 15 hospitals for respiratory diseases among children (0-13 years), as well as the simultaneous meteorological and air pollution data, were obtained from 2014 to 2016 in Lanzhou, China. The generalized additive model was used to examine the effects of air pollutants on children's respiratory outpatient visits, including the stratified analysis of age, gender and season. RESULTS We found that PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 were significantly associated with the increased total respiratory outpatient visits. The increments of total respiratory outpatient visits were the highest in lag 05 for NO2 and SO2, a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 and SO2 was associated with a 2.50% (95% CI: 1.54, 3.48%) and 3.50% (95% CI: 1.51, 5.53%) increase in total respiratory outpatient visits, respectively. Those associations remained stable in two-pollutant models. Through stratification analysis, all air pollutants other than PM10 were significantly positive associated with the outpatients of bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infection. Besides, both NO2 and SO2 were positively related to the pneumonia outpatient visits. PM2.5 and SO2 were significantly related to the outpatient visits of other respiratory diseases, while only NO2 was positively associated with the asthma outpatients. We found these associations were stronger in girls than in boys, particularly in younger (0-3 years) children. Interestingly, season stratification analysis indicated that these associations were stronger in the cold season than in the transition or the hot season for PM10, PM2.5 and SO2. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the air pollution exposure may account for the increased risk of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children in Lanzhou, particularly for younger children and in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Ma
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yue
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao He
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyu Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Elgendy K, El-didamony A, Abd El-wahaab B. Analytical applications using spectrophotometric technique for the determination of uranium(VI), samarium(III) and cerium(III) by new organic reagent. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Detection and imaging of gadolinium accumulation in human bone tissue by micro- and submicro-XRF. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6301. [PMID: 32286449 PMCID: PMC7156386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are frequently used in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. In GBCAs gadolinium (Gd) is present in a bound chelated form. Gadolinium is a rare-earth element, which is normally not present in human body. Though the blood elimination half-life of contrast agents is about 90 minutes, recent studies demonstrated that some tissues retain gadolinium, which might further pose a health threat due to toxic effects of free gadolinium. It is known that the bone tissue can serve as a gadolinium depot, but so far only bulk measurements were performed. Here we present a summary of experiments in which for the first time we mapped gadolinium in bone biopsy from a male patient with idiopathic osteoporosis (without indication of renal impairment), who received MRI 8 months prior to biopsy. In our studies performed by means of synchrotron radiation induced micro- and submicro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR-XRF), gadolinium was detected in human cortical bone tissue. The distribution of gadolinium displays a specific accumulation pattern. Correlation of elemental maps obtained at ANKA synchrotron with qBEI images (quantitative backscattered electron imaging) allowed assignment of Gd structures to the histological bone structures. Follow-up beamtimes at ESRF and Diamond Light Source using submicro-SR-XRF allowed resolving thin Gd structures in cortical bone, as well as correlating them with calcium and zinc.
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Grgic O, Shevroja E, Dhamo B, Uitterlinden AG, Wolvius EB, Rivadeneira F, Medina-Gomez C. Skeletal maturation in relation to ethnic background in children of school age: The Generation R Study. Bone 2020; 132:115180. [PMID: 31786375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ethnicity is a well-established determinant of pediatric maturity, but the underlying genetic and environmental contributions to these ethnic differences are poorly comprehended. We aimed to evaluate the influence of ethnicity on skeletal age (SA), an assessment of pediatric maturation widely used in clinical settings. We included children from the Generation R Study, a multiethnic population-based pregnancy cohort, assessed at a mean age of 9.78 (±0.33) years. SA was evaluated by a trained observer on hand DXA scans using the Greulich and Pyle method. Ethnic background was defined as geographic ancestry (questionnaire-based assessment) (N = 5325) and genetic ancestry (based on admixture analysis) (N = 3413). Associations between the ethnic background and SA were investigated separately in boys and girls, using linear regression models adjusted for age, height and BMI. Based on geographic ancestry, 84% of the children were classified as European, 6% as Asian and 10% as African. Children of European background had on average younger SA than those of Asian or African descent. Asian boys had 0.46 (95% CI 0.26-0.66, p-value < 0.0001) and African boys 0.36 years (95% CI 0.20-0.53, p-value < 0.0001) older SA as compared to European boys. Similarly, Asian girls showed 0.64 (95% CI 0.51-0.77, p-value < 0.0001) and African girls 0.38 years (95% CI 0.27-0.48, p-value < 0.0001) older SA as compared to European girls. A similar pattern was observed in the analysis with genetically-defined ancestry. Furthermore, an increase in the proportion of Asian or African component was associated with older SA in both boys (log[Non-European/European]proportion = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06-0.13, p-value < 0.0001) and girls (log[Non-European/European]proportion = 0.06, 95% CI 0.04-0.08, p-value < 0.0001). In summary, children of Asian and African backgrounds have on average older SA as compared to children of European descent, partially explained by a genetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Grgic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Enisa Shevroja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Brunilda Dhamo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands.
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Sartin E, Bell TR, McDonald CC, Mirman JH. Assessment of Caregiver-Targeted Interventions for Use of Motor Vehicle Passenger Safety Systems for Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1914180. [PMID: 31664445 PMCID: PMC6824219 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Caregiver-targeted interventions to improve the use of child restraint systems (CRS) in motor vehicles are common and heterogeneous in their implementation. The effectiveness of these interventions is unknown. OBJECTIVES To quantify the effects of caregiver-targeted interventions using meta-analytic methods, assess the quality of published studies, and assess for publication bias. DATA SOURCES PubMed and PsychINFO (January 1, 2004, to April 1, 2019) were searched for English-language studies using a list of search terms. The search and screening process was completed between May 25, 2018, and April 1, 2019. STUDY SELECTION Studies met inclusion criteria if they included a caregiver-targeted intervention that focused on increasing CRS use for children (age, ≤9 years) and report the use of CRS before and after the intervention. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESES Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines were used for the meta-analysis and risk-of-bias review. Information was extracted on intervention type, setting, implementation, and attributes of the study independently between 2 coders. Data were pooled from independent samples, with 1 outcome measure from each intervention implementation or study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES This study was an exploratory random-effects meta-analysis. Unadjusted odds ratios were calculated using the sample size and the observed number of children in incorrect or correct restraints in motor vehicles before and after the intervention to determine the odds of incorrect CRS use after completing an intervention. Setting, measurement method, randomization, use of vouchers, and types of restraint were tested as moderators. A funnel plot was used to assess for publication bias. RESULTS Of 1240 potential articles, 51 were deemed eligible for screening and 10 (8238 participants total) were included in the meta-analysis. Caregiver-targeted interventions were associated with a reduction in the number of children not riding in a CRS (odds ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71; P < .001). Variance in the averaged effect size was driven by self-report methods (when removed from analyses, I2 = 61.8%; R2 change = 26.3; P = .02) and hospital settings (when removed from analyses, I2 = 70.7%; R2 change = 17.4; P = .002). Risk of bias was high in most studies; however, there was low evidence for publication bias. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this meta-analysis, caregiver-targeted interventions were associated with a reduction in the number of children not riding in a CRS in motor vehicles; however, the methodological rigor of intervention studies should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sartin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler R. Bell
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia
| | - Catherine C. McDonald
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jessica Hafetz Mirman
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- The School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- The Scottish Collaboration for Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Medina-Pizzali M, Damián-Bastidas N, Vargas-Reyes M. Arsenic in baby foods: health effects and dietary exposure. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2018.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Medina-Pizzali
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Alameda San Marcos, Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
| | - N. Damián-Bastidas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Alameda San Marcos, Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
| | - M. Vargas-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Alameda San Marcos, Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
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Ahmad K, Wajid K, Khan ZI, Ugulu I, Memoona H, Sana M, Nawaz K, Malik IS, Bashir H, Sher M. Evaluation of Potential Toxic Metals Accumulation in Wheat Irrigated with Wastewater. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:822-828. [PMID: 30955046 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to ascertain the level of various metals in wheat variety (Chagi-4) irrigated with diverse doses of wastewater. The concentration of metals in soil, water and wheat grain samples was examined through an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In wheat grains, the mean values of metals (mg/kg) varied from 0.06 to 0.2 for Pb, 1.2 to 1.6 for Cd, 0.6 to 0.9 for Ni, 0.8 to 1.6 for Fe, 0.4 to 1.0 for Mn, 0.7 to 1.4 for Cu, 0.3 to 0.5 for Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 for Zn and 0.03 to 0.2 for Co, correspondingly. Measured concentrations were found within the permissible limit given by FAO/WHO except for cadmium whose concentration exceeded an acceptable limit 0.2 mg/kg suggested by FAO/WHO. It might be due to high soil pH, which hinders the efficient transfer of metals between different mediums. Wastewater irrigated soil, wheat and water had high metal values, but the low rate of transfer was noticed from soil to grains. Higher bioconcentration factor was obtained for manganese and cadmium; cadmium had even higher pollution load index, which could indicate the contamination status of soil. Therefore, regular monitoring of wastewater is necessary to prevent the excessive build-up of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Wajid
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ilker Ugulu
- Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hafsa Memoona
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Sana
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Nawaz
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Qiao P, Yang S, Lei M, Chen T, Dong N. Quantitative analysis of the factors influencing spatial distribution of soil heavy metals based on geographical detector. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:392-413. [PMID: 30754008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern industry, heavy metals in the soil introduce the risk of serious pollution. To reduce this pollution risk, the following four research questions needed to be addressed: What are the main influencing factors of soil pollution? What is the degree of influence? Do factors operate independently or are they interconnected? Which regions have high pollution risk and should be paid more attention? The study area was in Huanjiang County, with 273 km2, and geographical detector proved to be a useful tool to solve these four problems. We found that mine activity and pH value were the primary influencing factors for total and water-soluble heavy metals. The interaction effects of mine activity and soil type, pH values, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for total heavy metals, as well as pH value and mine activity for water-soluble heavy metals, were greater than the sum effect of two factors. Zones with a high concentration of heavy metals were closer to the road and farther from the mine area, which had low NDVI, large slope, high terrain, and large pH values. Concentrations of total heavy metals were higher in calcareous soils and in dryland and forests. Zones with a higher concentration of water-soluble heavy metals were closer to the mine and river, which had lower DEM and pH values. The uncertainty of geographical detector was also analyzed on the basis of their interpolation accuracy and the stratification number of influencing factors, and we found that the existing sample numbers and the stratification number of influencing factors met the needs of geographical detector calculation. This study's conclusions are useful for soil pollution control and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Sucai Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Dong
- Comprehensive Institute of Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying, Ltd., Beijing 100007, China
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Verdin A, Cazier F, Fitoussi R, Blanchet N, Vié K, Courcot D, Momas I, Seta N, Achard S. An in vitro model to evaluate the impact of environmental fine particles (PM0.3-2.5) on skin damage. Toxicol Lett 2019; 305:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hu X, Xu H. A new remote sensing index based on the pressure-state-response framework to assess regional ecological change. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5381-5393. [PMID: 30607851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecological indicators have widespread appeal to scientists, environmental managers, and the general public. Remote sensing is unique in its capability to record variety of spatio-temporal information on land surface with complete coverage, especially with regard to larger spatial scales, which has been proven to be an effective data source to create indicators to rapidly identify regional eco-environment. In this paper, a new index, remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI) based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework, was applied to assess regional ecological changes in Fuzhou City of Fujian Province, southeastern China, using Landsat ETM+/OLI/TIRS images. Taking the advantages of being totally free of artificial interference in the calculation using principal components analysis (PCA) to assign weights of each variable, the RSEI can assess the regional ecological status more objectively and easily. The effectivity of the new index was validated by four approaches, including point-based, classification-based, correlation-based, and urban-rural-gradient-based comparisons. The case study showed that Fuzhou has witnessed ecological improvement during the study period, with the value of RSEI increasing from 0.663 in 2000 to 0.675 in 2016. Spatial variation analysis showed that the poor level of RSEI distributed mostly in the central urban areas, and the ecological degradation was attributed to the fast expansion of the built-up area, characterized by increasing greatly in the value of the normalized differential built up and soil index (NDBSI) in such areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Hu
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hanqiu Xu
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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Li S, Yang L, Chen L, Zhao F, Sun L. Spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in peri-urban soils in eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1615-1627. [PMID: 30446913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex land use patterns and intense human activities significantly affect the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. This is especially true in peri-urban areas. The land use in peri-urban areas is complex and the risk of heavy metal pollution is relatively high. Identifying the correlations between land use patterns and spatial distribution of heavy metals in peri-urban soils is important for enhancing soil security and sustaining soil ecosystem services in areas undergoing rapid urbanisation. In this study, soil samples were collected from 82 experimental sites in a typical peri-urban watershed in eastern China. Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) concentrations at different soil depths were analysed. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations in peri-urban soils were significantly affected by land use type and varied with soil depth. Farmland had the highest heavy metal concentrations, whereas forestland had the lowest concentrations; the concentrations in soils decreased with increasing soil depth. Spatial analysis of heavy metals in soils showed that their concentrations rapidly increased with the increasing percentage of town areas in buffer zones. This indicated that land use structure influenced the heavy metal concentrations in peri-urban soils and the influences were correlated to the locations of towns and villages. Correlation analysis showed that Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations in soils were significantly affected by altitude, distance from roads, distance from towns and villages and soil clay content. Interestingly, historic land use was also found to affect heavy metal concentrations in forestland. These results can provide scientific guidance for designing effective soil management practices for peri-urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Liding Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangkai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Tao N, Ge H, Wu W, An H, Liu J, Xu X. Association of glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphism and occupational stress with hypertension in desert petroleum workers in Xinjiang, China. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:213. [PMID: 30545316 PMCID: PMC6292126 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational stress and hypertension in desert petroleum workers in Xinjiang, and to analyze the association of occupational stress and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene polymorphism with the presence of hypertension. Methods Using cluster sampling, 1280 desert petroleum workers of 3 petroleum fields in Xinjiang Karamay were randomly selected as the target group for this study. According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 1080 workers were included as the baseline for this study. We followed these workers for 2 years to investigate their occupational stress and hypertension. The polymorphism of GR gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We applied appropriate statistical methods to analyze the association of occupational stress and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene polymorphism with the presence of hypertension. Results After 2 years of follow-up, there were 995 desert petroleum workers in the queue. The study showed that the incidence of hypertension in desert petroleum workers were 19.4%. Compared with the baseline data, the level of occupational stress increased, and with the increase of occupational stress, the incidence of hypertension was gradually increasing. A positive relationship was observed in the GR BCL1 gene polymorphisms and hypertension. Relative to the CC genotype, carries of the GG genotype had a significantly higher risk of hypertension (OR = 2.830). With the combination of genotype CG and GG, carries of CG and GG increased the risk of hypertension (adjusted OR = 2.238, 95%CI:1.104–4.940). There was no significant association between GR G678S gene polymorphisms and hypertension. Conclusion GR gene polymorphism and occupational stress of desert petroleum workers were important risk factors for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tao
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.,Clinical post-doctoral mobile stations, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Hua Ge
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Wu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Hengqing An
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.,Public Health and Preventive medicine post-doctoral mobile station, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Xinjuan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Khorshidi M, Shab-Bidar S. Body mass index, abdominal adiposity, weight gain and risk of developing hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of more than 2.3 million participants. Obes Rev 2018; 19:654-667. [PMID: 29334692 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the association between anthropometric measures and risk of developing hypertension. METHODS We did a systematic search using PubMed and Scopus, from inception up to January 2017. Prospective cohort studies reporting the risk estimates of hypertension for three or more quantitative categories of indices of general and abdominal adiposity were included. Summary relative risks were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Fifty-seven prospective cohort studies were included. Summary relative risks were 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41, 1.58; I2 = 97.4%, n = 50) for a five-unit increment in body mass index, 1.27 (95%CI: 1.15, 1.39; I2 = 95.0%, n = 14) for a 10-cm increment in waist circumference, 1.16 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.23; I2 = 77.8%, n = 5) for weight gain equal to a one-unit increment in BMI, and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.24, 1.51; I2 = 76.4%, n = 8) and 1.74 (95%CI: 1.35, 2.13; I2 = 58.9%, n = 4) for a 0.1-unit increment in waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. The risk of hypertension increased continuously with increasing all anthropometric measures, and also along with weight gain. CONCLUSION Being as lean as possible within the normal body mass index range may be the best suggestion in relation to primary prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jayedi
- Food (salt) Safety Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - A Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - M Khorshidi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ge H, Sun X, Liu J, Zhang C. The Status of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Its Influence on the Working Ability of Oil Workers in Xinjiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E842. [PMID: 29695120 PMCID: PMC5981881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and its influence on the working ability of oil workers, and to provide a theoretical basis for helping lessen the burden of MSDs and improve the man-machine environment of oil workers. The cluster sampling method was used to study 2000 workers who had been employed for more than 1 year in this field. We investigated the prevalence rate and the work ability index (WAI). A total of 1935 valid questionnaires were collected, a response rate of 96.75%. There were 1639 people who had suffered from MSDs in the past year, a prevalence rate of 84.7%. The damage detection rate in female oil workers was higher than in males, and the damage detection rate in workers aged 30 to 45 years was higher than that in the other two age groups. The detection rate in less highly-educated oil workers was higher than that in more highly-educated workers. The detection rate in divorced workers was higher than that in other groups. The detection rate in workers between the number of working years of 18 to 25 years was higher than in the other two groups. The detection rate in workers with a high professional title was significantly higher than that in lower-titled workers (p < 0.05). The results showed that the WAI scores of the subjects with MSDs were significantly lower than for subjects without MSDs (p < 0.05). In a logistic regression analysis, sex, number of working years and WAI index all had an impact on MSDs. We concluded that due to the demands of their role, the oil workers had serious MSDs that influenced their working ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ge
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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