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Liu T, Liu Y, Su Y, Hao J, Liu S. Air pollution and upper respiratory diseases: an examination among medically insured populations in Wuhan, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1123-1132. [PMID: 38507092 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple evidence has supported that air pollution exposure has detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, most investigations focus on the general population, with limited research conducted on medically insured populations. To address this gap, the current research was designed to examine the acute effects of inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground-level ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), utilizing medical insurance data in Wuhan, China. Data on URTI were collected from the China Medical Insurance Basic Database for Wuhan covering the period from 2014 to 2018, while air pollutant data was gathered from ten national monitoring stations situated in Wuhan city. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized additive models for quasi-Poisson distribution with a log link function. The analysis indicated that except for ozone, higher exposure to four other pollutants (NO2, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10) were significantly linked to an elevated risk of URTI, particularly during the previous 0-3 days and previous 0-4 days. Additionally, NO2 and SO2 were found to be positively linked with laryngitis. Furthermore, the effects of air pollutants on the risk of URTI were more pronounced during cold seasons than hot seasons. Notably, females and the employed population were more susceptible to infection than males and non-employed individuals. Our findings gave solid proof of the link between ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of URTI in medically insured populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Su
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiayuan Hao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suyang Liu
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong Province, China.
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Luo L, Jiang M, Xiong Y, Xiong A, Zhang L, Wu D, Liu Y, Ran Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Li J, He X, Wang J, Li G. Fine particulate matter 2.5 induces susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection via expansion of PD-L1 high neutrophils in mice. Respir Res 2024; 25:90. [PMID: 38355515 PMCID: PMC10865610 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to PM2.5 has been implicated in a range of detrimental health effects, particularly affecting the respiratory system. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS To address this objective, we collected ambient PM2.5 and administered intranasal challenges to mice, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to unravel the heterogeneity of neutrophils and unveil their gene expression profiles. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were subsequently conducted to validate the obtained results. Furthermore, we assessed the phagocytic potential of neutrophils upon PM2.5 exposure using gene analysis of phagocytosis signatures and bacterial uptake assays. Additionally, we utilized a mouse pneumonia model to evaluate the susceptibility of PM2.5-exposed mice to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. RESULTS Our study revealed a significant increase in neutrophil recruitment within the lungs of PM2.5-exposed mice, with subclustering of neutrophils uncovering subsets with distinct gene expression profiles. Notably, exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an expansion of PD-L1high neutrophils, which exhibited impaired phagocytic function dependent upon PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure was found to increase the susceptibility of mice to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, due in part to increased PD-L1 expression on neutrophils. Importantly, monoclonal antibody targeting of PD-L1 significantly reduced bacterial burden, dissemination, and lung inflammation in PM2.5-exposed mice upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PM2.5 exposure promotes expansion of PD-L1high neutrophils with impaired phagocytic function in mouse lungs, contributing to increased vulnerability to bacterial infection, and therefore targeting PD-L1 may be a therapeutic strategy for reducing the harmful effects of PM2.5 exposure on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Manling Jiang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taipa, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taipa, China
| | - Dehong Wu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taipa, China
| | - Qin Ran
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jiliu Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Junyi Wang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taipa, China.
| | - Guoping Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Nguyen TTN, Vu TD, Vuong NL, Pham TVL, Le TH, Tran MD, Nguyen TL, Künzli N, Morgan G. Effect of ambient air pollution on hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Hanoi children during 2007-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117633. [PMID: 37980997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution poses a threat to children's respiratory health. This study aims to quantify the association between short-term air pollution exposure and respiratory hospital admissions among children in Hanoi, Vietnam, and estimate the population-attributable burden using local data. A case-crossover analysis was conducted based on the individual records where each case is their own control. The health data was obtained from 13 hospitals in Hanoi and air pollution data was collected from four monitoring stations from 2007 to 2019. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate Percentage Change (PC) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in odd of hospital admissions per 10 μg/m3 increase in daily average particulate matter (e.g. PM1, PM2.5, PM10), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), 8-h maximum Ozone and per 1000 μg/m3 increase in daily mean of Carbon Monoxide (CO). We also calculated the number and fraction of admissions attributed to air pollution in Hanoi by using the coefficient at lag 0. A 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, SO2, NO2, O3 8-h maximum and 1000 μg/m3 increase in CO concentration was associated with 0.6%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, 0.3%, and 1.7% increase in odd of admission for all respiratory diseases among children under 16 years at lag 0-2. All PM metrics and NO2 are associated with childhood admission for pneumonia and bronchitis. Admissions due to asthma and upper respiratory diseases are related to increments in NO2 and CO. For attributable cases, PM2.5 concentrations in Hanoi exceeding the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines accounted for 1619 respiratory hospital admissions in Hanoi children in 2019. Our findings show that air pollution has a detrimental impact on the respiratory health of Hanoi children and there will be important health benefits from improved air quality management planning to reduce air pollution in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Trang Nhung Nguyen
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tri Duc Vu
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nhu Luan Vuong
- Northern Center for Environmental Monitoring, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Tu Hoang Le
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Morgan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Safe Air, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Hao Y, Wang C, Yan G, Irfan M, Chang CP. Identifying the nexus among environmental performance, digital finance, and green innovation: New evidence from prefecture-level cities in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117554. [PMID: 36863147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, nations are increasingly focusing on green innovation in their environmental protection efforts as part of sustainable development, and digital finance is playing a vital role in enhancing green innovation. Employing annual data from 220 prefecture-level cities between 2011 and 2019, we empirically analyze the connections among environmental performance, digital finance, and green innovation via the Karavias panel unit root test with structural breaks, the Gregory-Hansen structural break cointegration test and pooled mean group (PMG) estimation. The following four points are the key conclusions: (1) The results support cointegration links between these variables when structural breaks are considered. (2) The PMG estimation outcomes indicate that green innovation and digital finance may have a favorable long-term effect on environmental performance. (3) For better environmental performance and more green innovation, the level of digitalization of digital finance is crucial. (4) The potential of digital finance and green innovation to improve environmental performance has not been fully realized in the western region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Key Lab of Energy Economics and Environmental Management, Beijing, 100081, China; Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Guoyao Yan
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Department of Business Administration, Ilma University, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan.
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Muruganandam N, Mahalingam S, Narayanan R, Rajadurai E. Meandered and muddled: a systematic review on the impact of air pollution on ocular health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64872-64890. [PMID: 37097565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
From the years 1970-2023, a systematic overview of the diverse consequences of particulate matter on eye health and a disease classification according to acute, chronic, and genetic are presented using the PubMed, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Various studies on medical aspects correlate with the eye and health. However, from an application perspective, there is limited research on the ocular surface and air pollution. The main objective of the study is to uncover the relationship between eye health and air pollution, particularly particulate matter, along with other external factors acting as aggravators. The secondary goal of the work is to examine the existing models for mimicking human eyes. The study is followed by a questionnaire survey in a workshop, in which the exposure-based investigation was tagged based on their activity. This paper establishes a relationship between particulate matter and its influence on human health, leading to numerous eye diseases like dry eyes, conjunctivitis, myopia, glaucoma, and trachoma. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate that about 68% of the people working in the workshop are symptomatic with tears, blurred vision, and mood swings, while 32% of the people were asymptomatic. Although there are approaches for conducting experiments, the evaluation is not well defined; empirical and numerical solutions for particle deposition on the eye are needed. There prevails a broad gap in the arena of ocular deposition modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveditha Muruganandam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Mahalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramsundram Narayanan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang X, Cai Y. The influence of ambient air pollution on the transmission of tuberculosis in Jiangsu, China. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:390-402. [PMID: 37124150 PMCID: PMC10133752 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, based on the statistical data, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution on the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) in Jiangsu, China by studying the threshold dynamics of the TB epidemic model via the statistical data analytically and numerically. The basic reproduction number R 0 > 1 reveals that TB in Jiangsu, China is an endemic disease and will persist for a long time. And the numerical results show that, in order to control the TB in Jiangsu effectively, we must decrease the depuration coefficient of PM10 in the body, the proportion of TB symptomatic infectious by direct transmission, the reactivation rate of the pre-symptomatic infectious and the effect coefficient of PM10 and MTB inhaled of TB transmission, and increase the uptake coefficient, the recovery rate of the symptomatic/pre-symptomatic infectious and the influence coefficient of PM10 on the body of mortality. Our study shows that PM10 is closely related to the incidence of TB, and the effective control efforts are suggested to focus on increasing close-contact distance and wearing protective mask to decrease the influence of PM10 on the TB transmission, which may shed a new light on understanding the environmental drivers to TB.
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Mermiri M, Mavrovounis G, Kanellopoulos N, Papageorgiou K, Spanos M, Kalantzis G, Saharidis G, Gourgoulianis K, Pantazopoulos I. Effect of PM2.5 Levels on ED Visits for Respiratory Causes in a Greek Semi-Urban Area. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111849. [PMID: 36579575 PMCID: PMC9696598 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter that have a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) are an important factor of anthropogenic pollution since they are associated with the development of acute respiratory illnesses. The aim of this prospective study is to examine the correlation between PM2.5 levels in the semi-urban city of Volos and Emergency Department (ED) visits for respiratory causes. ED visits from patients with asthma, pneumonia and upper respiratory infection (URI) were recorded during a one-year period. The 24 h PM2.5 pollution data were collected in a prospective manner by using twelve fully automated air quality monitoring stations. PM2.5 levels exceeded the daily limit during 48.6% of the study period, with the mean PM2.5 concentration being 30.03 ± 17.47 μg/m3. PM2.5 levels were significantly higher during winter. When PM2.5 levels were beyond the daily limit, there was a statistically significant increase in respiratory-related ED visits (1.77 vs. 2.22 visits per day; p: 0.018). PM2.5 levels were also statistically significantly related to the number of URI-related ED visits (0.71 vs. 0.99 visits/day; p = 0.01). The temperature was negatively correlated with ED visits (r: −0.21; p < 0.001) and age was found to be positively correlated with ED visits (r: 0.69; p < 0.001), while no statistically significant correlation was found concerning humidity (r: 0.03; p = 0.58). In conclusion, PM2.5 levels had a significant effect on ED visits for respiratory causes in the city of Volos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mermiri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Georgios Mavrovounis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kanellopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Papageorgiou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Michalis Spanos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Kalantzis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Leoforos Athinon, 8 Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece
| | - Georgios Saharidis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Leoforos Athinon, 8 Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pantazopoulos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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Zhang S, Chen X, Dai C, Wang J, Wang H. Associations between air pollutants and risk of respiratory infection: patient-based bacterial culture in sputum. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4007-4016. [PMID: 34806153 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a crucial risk factor for respiratory infection. However, the relationships between air pollution and respiratory infection based on pathogen detection are scarcely explored in the available literature. We detected respiratory infections through patient-based bacterial culture in sputum, obtained hourly data of all six pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO, CO, and O3) from four air quality monitoring stations, and assessed the relationships of air pollutants and respiratory bacterial infection and multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Air pollution remains a challenge for Mianyang, China, especially PM2.5 and PM10, and there are seasonal differences; pollution is the heaviest in winter and the lowest in summer. A total of 4237 pathogenic bacteria were detected, and the positive rate of multi-drug-resistant bacteria was 0.38%. Similar seasonal differences were found with respect to respiratory infection. In a single-pollutant model, all pollutants were significantly associated with respiratory bacterial infection, but only O3 was significantly associated with multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In multi-pollutant models (adjusted for one pollutant), the relationships of air pollutants with respiratory bacterial infection remained significant, while PM2.5, PM10, and O3 were significantly associated with the risk of infection with multi-drug-resistant bacteria. When adjusted for other five pollutants, only O3 was significantly associated with respiratory bacterial infection and the risk of infection with multi-drug-resistant bacteria, showing that O3 is an independent risk factor for respiratory bacterial infection and infection with multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In summary, this study highlights the adverse effects of air pollution on respiratory infection and the risk of infection with multi-drug-resistant bacteria, which may provide a basis for the formulation of environmental policy to prevent respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, 127 Deshengxi Rd., Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao Y, Kim B. Environmental Regulation and Chronic Conditions: Evidence from China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912584. [PMID: 36231883 PMCID: PMC9566277 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In January 2013, a dense haze covered 1.4 million kilometers of China and affected more than 800 million people. Air pollution in China had become a serious threat to the daily lives of people. The State Council of China enacted the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" (APPCAP) in 2013 to lower the particulate matter (PM) level. Between 2013 and 2017, each administrative division established its own environmental preservation strategy in accordance with the APPCAP. We examined the effects of the nationwide air pollution control policy, APPCAP, on chronic health conditions among adults using a nationally representative survey, CFPS, conducted in 2012, 2014, and 2016. We applied a difference-in-differences model, using the time gap when each administrative division implemented the APPCAP. We found that the APPCAP significantly reduced doctor-diagnosed chronic conditions of the respiratory and circulatory systems in the last six months. In respiratory diseases and circulatory system diseases, the treatment effect of the APPCAP was a 34.6% and 11.5% reduction in the sample mean, respectively. The poorest socioeconomic groups and the elderly benefited the most. The stronger the goal, the more positive the effects were on health; the longer the policy intervention, the better the health outcomes were.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Beomsoo Kim
- Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Liu L, Wang B, Qian N, Wei H, Yang G, Wan L, He Y. Association between ambient PM 2.5 and outpatient visits of children's respiratory diseases in a megacity in Central China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:952662. [PMID: 36249195 PMCID: PMC9561247 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between ambient PM2.5 level and outpatient visits of children with respiratory diseases in a megacity, Zhengzhou, in central China. Methods We collected daily outpatient visit data, air pollutant data, and meteorological data at the monitoring points of Zhengzhou from the time period 2018 to 2020 and used Spearman's rank correlation to analyze the correlation between children's respiratory outpatient visits and air pollutants and meteorological factors. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the association between PM2.5 exposures and children's respiratory outpatient visits. A stratified analysis was further carried out for the seasons. Results From 2018 to 2020, the total number of outpatients with children's respiratory diseases was 79,1107, and the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3-8h in Zhengzhou were respectively 59.48 μg/m3, 111.12 μg/m3, 11.10 μg/m3, 47.77 μg/m3, 0.90 mg/m3 and 108.81 μg/m3. The single-pollutant model showed that the risk of outpatient visits for children with respiratory disease increased by 0.341% (95%CI: 0.274-0.407%), 0.532% (95%CI: 0.455-0.609%) and 0.233% (95%CI: 0.177-0.289%) for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 with a 3-day lag, 1-day lag, and 1-day lag respectively for the whole year, heating period, and non-heating period. The multi-pollutant model showed that the risk of PM2.5 on children's respiratory disease visits was robust. The excess risk of PM2.5 on children's respiratory disease visits increased by 0.220% (95%CI: 0.147-0.294%) when SO2 was adjusted. However, the PM2.5 effects were stronger during the heating period than during the non-heating period. Conclusion The short-term exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with outpatient visits for children's respiratory diseases. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the control of air pollution so as to protect children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingya Wang
- Department of Nutrition, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nana Qian
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Wei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangmei Yang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leping Wan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yan He
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Post-infectious cough of different syndromes treated by traditional Chinese medicines: A review. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:494-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Wang X, Zhou D, Telli Ş. How does financial development alleviate pollutant emissions in China? A spatial regression analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:55651-55665. [PMID: 35320478 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the environmental effects of financial development has an important theoretical and practical reference for the government to achieve the goal of sustainable development. Financial development is affected dramatically by the real economy and typically shows nonlinear characteristics. This study aims to investigate the nonlinearity between financial development and pollutant emissions while considering the various stages of financial development among regions. Also, the spatial transmission mechanism between financial development and pollutant emissions is analyzed theoretically. Industrial sulfur dioxide ([Formula: see text]) and solid waste (SW) emissions are used to quantify pollutant emissions in China. The results show a positive spatial spillover effect on pollutant emissions across various regions. Moreover, a region's pollutant emissions can be influenced by the financial development of its surrounding regions, suggesting that financial development reduces [Formula: see text] emissions in a particular region, but it significantly increases [Formula: see text] emissions in surrounding regions, indicating a strong spillover effect. However, financial development significantly decreases SW emissions of a particular region but does not exert a significant impact on its surrounding regions, implying a weak spillover effect. Our results reveal that whereas the relationship of financial development with [Formula: see text] and SW emissions shows a significant U-shaped pattern, that of economic growth exhibit a significant inverted U-shaped pattern. The investigation can help in designing appropriate environmental policies for promoting financial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China.
- Research Center for Soft Energy Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China.
| | - Dequn Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
- Research Center for Soft Energy Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Şahin Telli
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
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13
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Ziou M, Tham R, Wheeler AJ, Zosky GR, Stephens N, Johnston FH. Outdoor particulate matter exposure and upper respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112969. [PMID: 35183515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the relationship between outdoor particulate matter (PM) and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents is accepted, we know little about the impacts of outdoor PM on the risk of developing or aggravating upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). METHODS We aimed to review the literature examining the relationship between outdoor PM exposure and URTIs in children and adolescents. A systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases was undertaken on April 3, 2020 and October 27, 2021. Comparable short-term studies of time-series or case-crossover designs were pooled in meta-analyses using random-effects models, while the remainder of studies were combined in a narrative analysis. Quality, risk of bias and level of evidence for health effects were appraised using a combination of emerging frameworks in environmental health. RESULTS Out of 1366 articles identified, 34 were included in the systematic review and 16 of these were included in meta-analyses. Both PM2.5 and PM10 levels were associated with hospital presentations for URTIs (PM2.5: RR = 1.010, 95%CI = 1.007-1.014; PM10: RR = 1.016, 95%CI = 1.011-1.021) in the meta-analyses. Narrative analysis found unequivocally that total suspended particulates were associated with URTIs, but mixed results were found for PM2.5 and PM10 in both younger and older children. CONCLUSION This study found some evidence of associations between PM and URTIs in children and adolescents, the relationship strength increased with PM10. However, the number of studies was limited and heterogeneity was considerable, thus there is a need for further studies, especially studies assessing long-term exposure and comparing sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Ziou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rachel Tham
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nicola Stephens
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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14
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Environmental Regulation, Digital Financial Inclusion, and Environmental Pollution: An Empirical Study Based on the Spatial Spillover Effect and Panel Threshold Effect. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Environmental regulation is a crucial tool for controlling environmental pollution. Digital finance is essential for the development of green finance. The relationship between environmental regulation and digital finance concerning environmental pollution is an issue worth exploring. This paper uses the spatial econometric model and the panel threshold model to empirically analyze the impact of environmental regulation and digital financial inclusion on environmental pollution using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2011 and 2019. It mainly discusses the independent impact and synergy of environmental regulation and digital inclusive finance on environmental pollution. The research results show that the improvement of the intensity of environmental regulation and the development level of digital-inclusive finance can effectively alleviate the problem of environmental pollution. Moreover, environmental regulation and digital inclusive finance can coordinately control environmental pollution. A panel threshold analysis shows that as the intensity of environmental regulation increases, digital financial inclusion will reflect the function of environmental governance. Similarly, with the development of digital financial inclusion, environmental regulation has shown a significant inhibitory effect on environmental pollution. The results of a heterogeneity analysis show that the intensity of environmental regulation in the eastern region has a significant inhibitory effect on environmental pollution. Digital financial inclusion in the central region shows a strong environmental governance function. The intersection of environmental regulation and digital financial inclusion has shown a significant synergistic governance effect in the eastern region. Therefore, the government gives full play to the functions of environmental regulation and digital inclusive finance environmental governance to achieve coordinated governance of environmental pollution.
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15
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Wang X, Zhou D. Analyzing China's provincial environmental emissions and its influencing factors: a spatial analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20784-20794. [PMID: 34741737 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In-depth analyses of the spatial heterogeneity in environmental emissions and the causes of differences are of great importance to provide a reference for reduction policies. However, a spatial analysis of the specific mechanisms of China's environmental emissions is rarely scarce. Using the province-level data of 30 provinces in China over 2005-2017, this paper constructs a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to empirically address the existence and spatial mechanisms of environmental emissions. The results show that: first, China's environmental emissions show significant characteristics of spatial dependence and clustering from global and local perspectives, indicating the existence of spatial autocorrelation in environmental emissions across regions. Second, both per capita GDP and urbanization have positive impacts on environmental emissions, but the impact of environmental regulation is not significant. Third, urbanization not only directly influences environmental emissions, but also indirectly influences environmental emissions. These analyses provide comprehensive policy implications for government and policymakers to promote environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China.
- Research Center for Soft Energy Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Jiangjun Avenue, Nanjing, 211106, China.
| | - Dequn Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China.
- Research Center for Soft Energy Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Jiangjun Avenue, Nanjing, 211106, China.
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16
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Xia X, Yao L, Lu J, Liu Y, Jing W, Li Y. Observed causative impact of fine particulate matter on acute upper respiratory disease: a comparative study in two typical cities in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11185-11195. [PMID: 34528209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and respiratory health has attracted great concern in China. Substantial epidemiological evidences confirm the correlational relationship between PM2.5 and respiratory disease in many Chinese cities. However, the causative impact of PM2.5 on respiratory disease remains uncertain and comparative analysis is limited. This study aims to explore and compare the correlational relationship as well as the causal connection between PM2.5 and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in two typical cities (Beijing, Shenzhen) with rather different ambient air environment conditions. The distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to detect the correlational relationship between PM2.5 and URTI by revealing the lag effect pattern of PM2.5 on URTI. The convergent cross mapping (CCM) method was applied to explore the causal connection between PM2.5 and URTI. The results from DLNM indicate that an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration is associated with an increase of 1.86% (95% confidence interval: 0.74%-2.99%) in URTI at a lag of 13 days in Beijing, compared with 2.68% (95% confidence interval: 0.99-4.39%) at a lag of 1 day in Shenzhen. The causality detection with CCM quantitatively demonstrates the significant causative influence of PM2.5 on URTI in both two cities. Findings from the two methods consistently show that people living in low-concentration areas (Shenzhen) are less tolerant to PM2.5 exposure than those in high-concentration areas (Beijing). In general, our study highlights the adverse health effects of PM2.5 pollution on the general public in cities with various PM2.5 levels and emphasizes the needs for the government to provide appropriate solutions to control PM2.5 pollution, even in cities with low PM2.5 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xia
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Engineering Technology Center of Remote Sensing Big Data Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxiaoyue Liu
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Engineering Technology Center of Remote Sensing Big Data Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Jing
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Engineering Technology Center of Remote Sensing Big Data Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Engineering Technology Center of Remote Sensing Big Data Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, People's Republic of China
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17
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Guo M, Du C, Li B, Yao R, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Liu H, Su H, Zhou Y, Wang L, Yang X, Zhou M, Yu W. Reducing particulates in indoor air can improve the circulation and cardiorespiratory health of old people: A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of air filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149248. [PMID: 34325134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air particulate pollution increases respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly. To assess a short-term, indoor air filtration's potential benefit on circulatory and cardiopulmonary health among healthy older people, a randomized, double-blind crossover trial was conducted with 24 healthy residents of an aged-care center in Chongqing, China in 2020. Each room received a high-efficiency particulate air filter air purifier and a placebo air purifier for two days. Fifteen circulatory system biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, and oxidative stress; lung function; blood pressure (BP); heart rate (HR) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured end of each two days. Indoor air particulate pollution was monitored throughout the study period. Linear mixed-effect models were used to associate health outcome variables with indoor particles. This intervention study demonstrated that air filtration was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers, but not of biomarkers of oxidative stress and lung function. Just 48 h of air filtration can improve the cardiopulmonary health of the elderly. Air purifiers may be a public health measure that can be taken to improve circulatory and cardiopulmonary health among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenqiu Du
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runming Yao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjie Su
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lexiang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Lab of Environmental Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Du X, Wu G, Zhu Y, Zhang S. Exploring the epidemiological changes of common respiratory viruses since the COVID-19 pandemic: a hospital study in Hangzhou, China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3085-3092. [PMID: 34480636 PMCID: PMC8417671 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus are common causes of respiratory infections. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on their prevalence. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemic changes of common respiratory viruses in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University in Hangzhou, China, from October of 2017 to February of 2021. We collected statistics from 121,529 patients in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the hospital who had throat or nose swabs collected for testing for four virus antigens by the colloidal gold method. Of these, 13,200 (10.86%) were positive for influenza A virus, 8,402 (6.91%) were positive for influenza B virus, 6,056 (4.98%) were positive for adenovirus, and 4,739 (3.90%) were positive for respiratory syncytial virus. The positivity rates of the influenza A virus (0-14 years old, P = 0.376; over 14 years old, P = 0.197) and respiratory syncytial virus (0-14 years old, P = 0.763; over 14 years old, P = 0.465) did not differ significantly by gender. After January of 2020, influenza virus infection decreased significantly. The positivity rate of respiratory syncytial virus remained high, and its epidemic season was similar to before. Strict respiratory protection and regulation of crowd activities have a great impact on the epidemic characteristics of viruses. After major changes in the public health environment, virus epidemics and their mutations should be monitored closely, extensively, and continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Du
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126 Wenzhou Road, Gongchenqiao Street, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangsheng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126 Wenzhou Road, Gongchenqiao Street, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yafei Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, No. 126 Wenzhou Road, Gongchenqiao Street, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Clinical Medicine College of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Wu X, Xiao Q, Deng Y, Li M, Li C, Qiu H, Lu S. Perchlorate in shellfish from South China Sea and implications for human exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112672. [PMID: 34218037 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish can absorb and accumulate contaminants. The consumption of shellfish could expose humans to pollutants and increase related health risk. Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a ubiquitous pollutant and could affect thyroid functions, especially for children and pregnant women. However, knowledge on the contamination of perchlorate in aquatic food such as shellfish remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the abundances of perchlorate in shellfish from South China Sea and to assess human exposure risks. A total of 178 shellfish samples from eight species were collected from offshore aquaculture waters in South China Sea. Perchlorate was detected in 99.4% of them, suggesting widespread pollution in coastal waters. Concentrations of perchlorate ranged from not detected (N.D.) to 71.5 μg kg-1, with a median value of 4.33 μg kg-1. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were used to assess human exposure dose and health risks, respectively. The HQ values were determined to be less than 1, indicating no significant health risks to local residents via shellfish consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate perchlorate contamination in South China shellfish and assess potential human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yilan Deng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minhui Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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20
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Deng J, Hu X, Xiao C, Pan F. The association between gaseous pollutants and non-accidental mortality: a time series study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2887-2897. [PMID: 33411120 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2) on non-accidental mortality of residents in Hefei city, we collected non-accidental deaths, air pollutants and meteorological data of Hefei city from 2014 to 2017. After controlling confounding factors with Poisson generalized additive model, we analyzed the relationship between air pollutants and non-accidental mortality and used subgroup analysis to identify susceptible groups. The number of non-accidental deaths during the study period was 42,116, with an average of 28.83 per day. The average concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were 16.08 μg/m3 and 39.10 μg/m3, respectively. In the single-pollutant model, every 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 and NO2 concentrations was significantly associated with non-accidental mortality, and there was a significant lag effect. SO2 increased the risk of non-accidental death by 4.93% (95% CI: 1.94% ~ 8.00%) at lag0-3. In addition, male, the elderly, non-elderly and low-education people were more susceptible (P < 0.05). NO2 increased the risk of non-accidental death by 2.11% (95% CI: 1.18% ~ 3.05%) at lag0-1 and had an effect on all subgroups (P < 0.05). For every 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 and NO2, the two-pollutant model showed that the risk of non-accidental death, respectively, increased by 3.34% (95% CI: 0.29% ~ 6.50%) and 1.82% (95% CI: 0.85% ~ 2.79%), suggesting that the effect was weakened. Our study suggested that SO2 and NO2 were associated with non-accidental mortality, and there were lag effects. Therefore, environmental management should be strengthened and health protection education should be carried out for different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 86 Luan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
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21
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Li J, An Z, Song J, Du J, Zhang L, Jiang J, Ma Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Wu W. Fine particulate matter-induced lung inflammation is mediated by pyroptosis in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112351. [PMID: 34029838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air-borne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases respiratory morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced adverse effects remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms of PM2.5-induced lung toxicity using a mouse model. METHODS Scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to examine and analyze PM2.5 morphology and element compositions, respectively. Twenty four male mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (PBS), PM2.5 (4.0 mg/kg b.w.), and PM2.5 + Z-YVAD-FMK. In the latter group, the pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-YVAD-FMK) was intraperitoneally injected into mice at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg body weight prior to intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 (4.0 mg/kg b.w.) every other day for a total of 3 times (n = 8 in each group). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were collected 24 h after the last instillation of PM2.5. Levels of total proteins (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-1β and IL-18 were analyzed for biomarkers of cell injury and inflammation. Additionally, histological alterations of lung tissues were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. mRNA and protein expression of Caspase1, NLRP3 and GSDMD were examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Exposure to PM2.5 increased levels of TP, LDH, IL-1β, IL-18 and inflammatory cell counts in lung. The mRNA and protein expression of Caspase1, NLRP3 and GSDMD were increased. Inhibition of the NALRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway ameliorated PM2.5-induced lung injury and inflammation, partially through suppressing pyroptosis in lung. CONCLUSION PM2.5 exposure induces lung injury and inflammation, which is mediated by the NALRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Zhen An
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jinge Du
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Shandong Province 250001, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Chunzhi Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China.
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A Comparison Analysis of Causative Impact of PM2.5 on Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Two Typical Cities in China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12080970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major and increasingly prevalent respiratory health problem worldwide and the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is now becoming a rising health threat to it. This study aims to conduct a comparison analysis of health effect on acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) associated with PM2.5 exposure in two typical cities (Beijing and Shenzhen) with different levels of PM2.5 pollution. Both correlational relationship and causal connection between PM2.5 exposure and AECOPD are investigated by adopting a time series analysis based on the generalized additive model (GAM) and convergent cross mapping (CCM). The results from GAM indicate that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration is associated with 2.43% (95% CI, 0.50–4.39%) increase in AECOPD on Lag0-2 in Beijing, compared with 6.65% (95% CI, 2.60–10.87%) on Lag0-14 in Shenzhen. The causality detection with CCM reveals similar significant causative impact of PM2.5 exposure on AECOPD in both two study areas. Findings from two methods agree that PM2.5 has non-negligible health effect on AECOPD in both two study areas, implying that air pollution can cause adverse consequences at much lower levels than common cognition. Our study highlights the adverse health effect of PM2.5 on people with COPD after exposure to different levels of PM2.5 and emphasizes that adverse effect in area with relative low pollution level cannot be overlooked. Governments in both high-pollution and low-pollution cities should attach importance to the adverse effects of PM2.5 on humans and take corresponding measures to control and reduce the related losses.
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Li X, Xu J, Wang W, Liang JJ, Deng ZH, Du J, Xie MZ, Wang XR, Liu Y, Cui F, Lu QB. Air pollutants and outpatient visits for influenza-like illness in Beijing, China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11397. [PMID: 34141466 PMCID: PMC8179240 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution leads to many adverse health conditions, mainly manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms. Previous studies are limited as to whether air pollutants were associated to influenza-like illness (ILI). This study aimed to explore the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits for ILI, especially during an outbreak of influenza. Methods Daily counts of hospital visits for ILI were obtained from Peking University Third Hospital between January 1, 2015, and March 31, 2018. A generalized additive Poisson model was applied to examine the associations between air pollutants concentrations and daily outpatient visits for ILI when adjusted for the meteorological parameters. Results There were 35862 outpatient visits at the fever clinic for ILI cases. Air quality index (AQI), PM2.5, PM10, CO and O3 on lag0 days, as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on lag1 days, were significantly associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for ILI from January 2015 to November 2017. From December 2017 to March 2018, on lag0 days, air pollutants PM2.5 [risk ratio (RR) = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.963-0.979], SO2 (RR = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.840–0.948) and CO (RR = 0.306, 95% CI: 0.153–0.612) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of outpatient visits for ILI. Interestingly, on the lag2 days, all the pollutants were significantly associated with a reduced risk of outpatient visits for ILI except for O3. We did not observe the linear correlations between the outpatient visits for ILI and any of air pollutants, which were instead associated via a curvilinear relationship. Conclusions We found that the air pollutants may be associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for ILI during the non-outbreak period and with a decreased risk during the outbreak period, which may be linked with the use of disposable face masks and the change of outdoor activities. These findings expand the current knowledge of ILI outpatient visits correlated with air pollutants during an influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jin Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Xie
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Gao H, Shi J, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. The impact of long- and short-term exposure to different ambient air pollutants on cognitive function in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106416. [PMID: 33667754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the field of environmental health, the impact of air pollution on people's cognitive function is receiving increasing attention. Various air pollution exposures and different exposure periods result in different degrees of damage to cognition. This paper first used CFPS cognitive tests to evaluate the cognitive function of 15,163 adults in 25 provinces of China. Next, based on the geographical location of the population, the kriging interpolation method was applied to evaluate the different exposure periods for various air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2 and O3). Air pollution exposures lasting 3 years and more were referred to in this paper as long-term exposures, while those lasting<3 years were short-term exposures. This paper used an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model to explore the differential effects of various air pollutant exposures and discussed the impact of long- and short-term exposure to pollutants. Subsequently, Moran's index was used to test the spatial connection for cognitive function, and the spatial error model was used for analysis in the spatial autoregressive model. This research also conducted a heterogeneity study on the justice of air pollutant exposure among people with different characteristics. The population was classified according to cognitive function and geographic location using OLS regression and quantile regression, and a propensity score matching (PSM) model was used for cross-validation to explore whether people with different characteristics and attributes were differentially exposed to air pollution. We found that there were significant negative relationships between air pollutant exposure and cognitive function, especially PM2.5 exposure and long-term exposure. In addition, air pollution had significantly different impacts on cognition based on the different characteristics and attributes of the person exposed. This study helps by analyzing the socioeconomic factors that affect the level of exposure and suggests that groups who are vulnerable to environmental pollution should be protected and the occurrence of injustice reduced. The study also provides a reference for the distribution of pollution sources and the allocation of health resources, which can be useful for population distribution planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxi Gao
- Beijing Normal University, School of Environment, China.
| | - Jieran Shi
- Beijing Normal University, School of Environment, China.
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- Beijing Normal University, College of Water Sciences, China.
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, School of Applied Science, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Normal University, School of Environment, China.
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The Influence of Air Pollutants and Meteorological Conditions on the Hospitalization for Respiratory Diseases in Shenzhen City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105120. [PMID: 34065982 PMCID: PMC8151817 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants have significant direct and indirect adverse effects on public health. To explore the relationship between air pollutants and meteorological conditions on the hospitalization for respiratory diseases, we collected a whole year of daily major air pollutants’ concentrations from Shenzhen city in 2013, including Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), and Carbon monoxide (CO). Meanwhile, we also gained meteorological data. This study collected 109,927 patients cases with diseases of the respiratory system from 98 hospitals. We investigated the influence of meteorological factors on air pollution by Spearman correlation analysis. Then, we tested the short-term correlation between significant air pollutants and respiratory diseases’ hospitalization by Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM). There was a significant negative correlation between the north wind and NO2 and a significant negative correlation between the south wind and six pollutants. Except for CO, other air pollutants were significantly correlated with the number of hospitalized patients during the lag period. Most of the pollutants reached maximum Relative Risk (RR) with a lag of five days. When the time lag was five days, the annual average of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 increased by 10%, and the risk of hospitalization for the respiratory system increased by 0.29%, 0.23%, 0.22%, 0.25%, and 0.22%, respectively. All the pollutants except CO impact the respiratory system’s hospitalization in a short period, and PM10 has the most significant impact. The results are helpful for pollution control from a public health perspective.
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26
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Effects of PM10 and Weather on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Ciuc Basin (Romanian Carpathians). ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the PM10 concentration, respiratory and cardiovascular disease hospital admissions evolution in the Ciuc basin for a period of 9 years (2008–2016), taking into consideration different meteorological conditions: boundary layer, lifting condensation level, temperature-humidity index, and wind chill equivalent chart index. The PM10 and hospital admissions evolution showed a very fluctuated hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly tendency. The PM10 concentration in winter (34.72 μg/m3) was 82% higher than the multiannual average (19.00 μg/m3), and almost three times higher than in summer (11.71 μg/m3). During the winter, PM10 concentration increased by an average of 9.36 μg/m3 due to the increased household heating. Climatological parameters have a demonstrable effect on the PM10 concentration variation. Children, the elderly and men are more sensitive to air pollution, the calculated relative risk for men was (RR = 1.45), and for women (RR = 1.37), respectively. A moderate correlation (0.51) was found between PM10 and pneumonia (P), while a relatively weak correlation (0.39) was demonstrated in the case of PM10 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Furthermore, except thermal humidity index (THI), strong negative correlations were observed between the multiannual monthly mean PM10 and the meteorological data. The PM10 followed a moderate negative correlation with the boundary layer (−0.61). In the case of URTI and P, the highest number of hospital admissions occurred with a 5 to 7-day lag, while the 10 μg/m3 PM10 increase resulted in a 2.04% and 8.28% morbidity increase. For lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular diseases (AMI, IHD, CCP), a maximum delay of 5–6 months was found. Three-month delay and an average growth of 1.51% was observed in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overall, these findings revealed that PM10 was and it is responsible for one-third of the diseases.
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Chen B, Jia P, Han J. Role of indoor aerosols for COVID-19 viral transmission: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:1953-1970. [PMID: 33462543 PMCID: PMC7805572 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-020-01174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between outdoor atmospheric pollution by particulate matter and the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections was recently disclosed, yet the role of indoor aerosols is poorly known . Since people spend most of their time indoor, indoor aerosols are closer to human occupants than outdoors, thus favoring airborne transmission of COVID-19. Therefore, here we review the characteristics of aerosol particles emitted from indoor sources, and how exposure to particles affects human respiratory infections and transport of airborne pathogens. We found that tobacco smoking, cooking, vacuum cleaning, laser printing, burning candles, mosquito coils and incenses generate large quantities of particles, mostly in the ultrafine range below 100 nm. These tiny particles stay airborne, are deposited in the deeper regions of human airways and are difficult to be removed by the respiratory system. As a consequence, adverse effects can be induced by inhaled aerosol particles via oxidative stress and inflammation. Early epidemiological evidence and animal studies have revealed the adverse effects of particle exposure in respiratory infections. In particular, inhaled particles can impair human respiratory systems and immune functions, and induce the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, thus inducing higher vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. Moreover, co-production of inflammation mediators by COVID-19 infection and particle exposure magnifies the cytokine storm and aggravates symptoms in patients. We also discuss the role of indoor aerosol particles as virus carriers. Although many hypotheses were proposed, there is still few knowledge on interactions between aerosol articles and virus-laden droplets or droplet nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Puqi Jia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
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28
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Santri IN, Jiang CB, Chen YH, Wu CD, Zou ML, Chien LC, Lo YC, Chao HJ. Associations of birth outcomes with air pollution and land use characteristics in the Greater Taipei Area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141579. [PMID: 32853937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the effects of environmental factors on birth outcomes is crucial for public health because newborns' birth size affects their likelihood of childhood survival, risk of perinatal morbidity, and subsequent health and growth. Therefore, we investigated the associations of birth outcomes with prenatal air pollutant exposure and residential land use characteristics in the Greater Taipei Area. METHODS Participants were selected from the Longitudinal Examination across Prenatal and Postpartum Health in Taiwan study, which is an ongoing prospective study launched in July 2011. Parental sociodemographic data and medical histories were collected using standardized questionnaires. Mean air pollutant levels during each trimester were estimated using the spatial interpolation technique (Ordinary Kriging). Land use types surrounding participants' homes were evaluated within a designated radius of their residential addresses. We used multiple regressions to examine relationships between birth outcomes (i.e., birth weight, height, and head circumference) and environmental factors after adjustment for parental characteristics. RESULTS A total of 436 pregnant women-infant pairs were included. Birth weight was negatively associated with commercial land and greenhouse areas near the residence. Living near greenhouse areas negatively affected birth height, but higher greenness level within 100 m of the residence had a positive effect. Birth head circumference was only associated with sociodemographic factors in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION Land use types near the homes of pregnant women, but not exposure to air pollutants, were significantly associated with birth weight and height in the Greater Taipei Area. Increased greenness level was positively associated with birth height, and living near commercial or greenhouse areas had adverse effects on birth outcomes. Living in a healthy neighborhood is critical for the birth outcomes of infants and presumably their health in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Zou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Chen X, Chang CP. Fiscal decentralization, environmental regulation, and pollution: a spatial investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31946-31968. [PMID: 32506410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of regulation on environmental pollution under Chinese-style fiscal decentralization, this research analyzes annual data over the period 2003 to 2017 covering 30 provinces in China with the spatial economic model. The empirical results show significant spatial agglomeration effects on the emissions of wastewater, sulfur dioxide, and solid waste. Environmental regulation helps reduce discharge of wastewater and solid waste, but does not help reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide; because there is significantly positive externality in treating pollutants with high fluidity, cost is larger than revenue for local governments. The relationship between fiscal decentralization and pollutants shapes an inverted U-shaped curve. We finally offer some implications in accordance with our empirical finding, such as the intensity of environmental regulation should be suitable for economic development, different measures should be taken based on the fluidity of pollutants, and a new evaluation system should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, Hunan Province, China
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30
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Ma Y, Yue L, Liu J, He X, Li L, Niu J, Luo B. Association of air pollution with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases of children in an ex-heavily polluted Northwestern city, China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:816. [PMID: 32487068 PMCID: PMC7265648 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great number of studies have confirmed that children are a particularly vulnerable population to air pollution. METHODS In the present study, 332,337 outpatient visits of 15 hospitals for respiratory diseases among children (0-13 years), as well as the simultaneous meteorological and air pollution data, were obtained from 2014 to 2016 in Lanzhou, China. The generalized additive model was used to examine the effects of air pollutants on children's respiratory outpatient visits, including the stratified analysis of age, gender and season. RESULTS We found that PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 were significantly associated with the increased total respiratory outpatient visits. The increments of total respiratory outpatient visits were the highest in lag 05 for NO2 and SO2, a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 and SO2 was associated with a 2.50% (95% CI: 1.54, 3.48%) and 3.50% (95% CI: 1.51, 5.53%) increase in total respiratory outpatient visits, respectively. Those associations remained stable in two-pollutant models. Through stratification analysis, all air pollutants other than PM10 were significantly positive associated with the outpatients of bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infection. Besides, both NO2 and SO2 were positively related to the pneumonia outpatient visits. PM2.5 and SO2 were significantly related to the outpatient visits of other respiratory diseases, while only NO2 was positively associated with the asthma outpatients. We found these associations were stronger in girls than in boys, particularly in younger (0-3 years) children. Interestingly, season stratification analysis indicated that these associations were stronger in the cold season than in the transition or the hot season for PM10, PM2.5 and SO2. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the air pollution exposure may account for the increased risk of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children in Lanzhou, particularly for younger children and in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Ma
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yue
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao He
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyu Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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31
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Cegolon L, Pichierri J, Mastrangelo G, Cinquetti S, Sotgiu G, Bellizzi S, Pichierri G. Hypothesis to explain the severe form of COVID-19 in Northern Italy. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e002564. [PMID: 32532758 PMCID: PMC7295427 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cegolon
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N. 2 "Marca Trevigiana", Treviso, Veneto Region, Italy
- IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Jennifer Pichierri
- Children and Young People's Diabetes, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Sandro Cinquetti
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N. 2 "Marca Trevigiana", Treviso, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia Region, Italy
| | - Saverio Bellizzi
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pichierri
- Microbiology Department, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, London, UK
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32
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Yang L, Li C, Tang X. The Impact of PM 2.5 on the Host Defense of Respiratory System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:91. [PMID: 32195248 PMCID: PMC7064735 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The harm of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to public health is the focus of attention around the world. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2015 (GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators, 2016) ranked PM2.5 as the fifth leading risk factor for death, which caused 4.2 million deaths and 103.1 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) loss, representing 7.6% of total global deaths and 4.2% of global DALYs. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that exposure to PM2.5 increases the incidence and mortality of respiratory infections. The host defense dysfunction caused by PM2.5 exposure may be the key to the susceptibility of respiratory system infection. Thus, this review aims to assess the impact of PM2.5 on the host defense of respiratory system. Firstly, we elaborated the epidemiological evidence that exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of respiratory infections. Secondly, we summarized the experimental evidence that PM2.5 exposure increases the susceptibility of different pathogens (including bacteria and viruses) in respiratory system. Furthermore, here we discussed the underlying host defense mechanisms by which PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of respiratory infections as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Short-term Effect of Air Pollution on Tuberculosis Based on Kriged Data: A Time-series Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051522. [PMID: 32120876 PMCID: PMC7084679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has a very high mortality rate worldwide. However, only a few studies have examined the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and TB incidence. Our objectives were to estimate associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants and TB incidence in Wuhan city, China, during the 2015–2016 period. We applied a generalized additive model to access the short-term association of air pollution with TB. Daily exposure to each air pollutant in Wuhan was determined using ordinary kriging. The air pollutants included in the analysis were particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5), PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometers (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ground-level ozone (O3). Daily incident cases of TB were obtained from the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC). Both single- and multiple-pollutant models were used to examine the associations between air pollution and TB. Seasonal variation was assessed by splitting the all-year data into warm (May–October) and cold (November–April) seasons. In the single-pollutant model, for a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and O3 at lag 7, the associated TB risk increased by 17.03% (95% CI: 6.39, 28.74), 11.08% (95% CI: 6.39, 28.74), and 16.15% (95% CI: 1.88, 32.42), respectively. In the multi-pollutant model, the effect of PM2.5 on TB remained statistically significant, while the effects of other pollutants were attenuated. The seasonal analysis showed that there was not much difference regarding the impact of air pollution on TB between the warm season and the cold season. Our study reveals that the mechanism linking air pollution and TB is still complex. Further research is warranted to explore the interaction of air pollution and TB.
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Ai S, Wang C, Qian ZM, Cui Y, Liu Y, Acharya BK, Sun X, Hinyard L, Jansson DR, Qin L, Lin H. Hourly associations between ambient air pollution and emergency ambulance calls in one central Chinese city: Implications for hourly air quality standards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133956. [PMID: 31450053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on the short-term health effects of air pollution have been conducted on a daily time scale, while hourly associations remain unclear. METHODS We collected the hourly data of emergency ambulance calls (EACs), ambient air pollution, and meteorological variables from 2014 to 2016 in Luoyang, a central Chinese city in Henan Province. We used a generalized additive model to estimate the hourly effects of ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2) on EACs for all natural causes and cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. We further examined the effect modification by temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure using stratified analyses. RESULTS In the single-pollutant models, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 were associated with an immediate increase in all-cause morbidity at 0, 0, 12, 10 h, separately, after exposure to these pollutants (excess risks: 0.19% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03%, 0.35%), 0.13% (95% CI: 0.02%, 0.24%), 0.28% (95% CI: 0.01%, 0.54%) and 0.52% (95% CI: 0.06%, 0.99%), respectively). These effects remained generally stable in two-pollutant models. SO2 and NO2 were significantly associated with an immediate increase in risk of cardiovascular morbidity, but the effects on respiratory morbidity were relatively more delayed. The stratified analyses suggested that temperature could modify the association between PM2.5 and EACs, humidity and atmospheric pressure could modify the association between SO2 and EACs. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new evidence that higher concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 may have transiently acute effects on all-cause morbidity and subacute effects on respiratory morbidity. SO2 and NO2 may also have immediate effects on cardiovascular morbidity. Findings of this study have important implications for the formation of hourly air quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changke Wang
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yingjie Cui
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bipin Kumar Acharya
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leslie Hinyard
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daire R Jansson
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lijie Qin
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang D, Li Y, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Chu C, Ding Y, Yu Y, Fan Y, Shi J, Luo Y, Zhou W. The relationship between air quality and respiratory pathogens among children in Suzhou City. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:123. [PMID: 31547841 PMCID: PMC6757402 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the short-term effects of air pollutant concentrations in Suzhou City on respiratory infections in children of different age groups. METHODS We employed clinical data from children hospitalized with respiratory infections at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University during 2014-2016, and air quality for Suzhou City covering the same period.We investigated the relationships between the air pollutant concentrations and respiratory tract infections in children by causative pathogen using time series models with lagged effects. RESULTS The results of single-pollutant models showed that PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO had statistically significant associations with respiratory tract infections in children under 3 years, with the largest effect sizes at a lag of 3 weeks. Notably, the multi-pollutant model found PM2.5 was significantly associated with viral respiratory in children under 7 months, and bacterial respiratory infections in other age groups, while PM10 concentrations were associated with viral infections in preschool children. CONCLUSION PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 are the main atmospheric pollutants in Suzhou. The associations between pollutant concentrations and viral and bacterial respiratory infections were stronger among children under 3 years than for older age group.s PM2.5 had the strongest influence on viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections when multiple pollutants were tested together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Qiu Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Yanqun Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Chu Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Yixue Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Yali Luo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
| | - Weifang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 China
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Li S, Wang H, Hu H, Wu Z, Chen K, Mao Z. Effect of ambient air pollution on premature SGA in Changzhou city, 2013-2016: a retrospective study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:705. [PMID: 31174511 PMCID: PMC6555963 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution is becoming an increased burden to the world. Previous studies have confirmed its effects on adverse birth outcomes, but few associated with premature small for gestational age (SGA). We report a retrospective cohort study conducted in Changzhou city to evaluate the association between air pollutants (PM2.5, SO2 and NO2) and premature SGA during pregnancy. Methods A total of 46,224 births were collected from January, 2013 to December, 2016, in Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, finally 2709 preterm births were admitted for study. Corresponding air monitoring data were collected from Changzhou Environmental Protection Agency. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between these air pollutants and premature SGA controlling for individual covariates in single- and multi-pollutant models. Results We found that, in the third trimester, every 10 μg/m3 increments in PM2.5 concentration were associated with premature SGA (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–2.83; OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–3.58) in two- and three-pollutants models. In the whole gestation, a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 concentration in two- and three-pollutant models were related to premature SGA (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.38–2.47; OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18–2.57). The OR (95% CI) of premature SGA were increasing across quintiles of PM2.5, SO2, NO2 concentrations during the whole gestation period adjusting for confounders (Pfor trend < 0.001). Conclusions These results indicated that pregnant women exposed to PM2.5, combined with other pollutants in the third trimester have a higher risk to deliver premature SGA babies, providing further evidence linking PM2.5 and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Li
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaiyan Wang
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiting Hu
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeying Wu
- Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kejin Chen
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilei Mao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211100, China. .,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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Effects of meteorological factor and air pollution on sudden sensorineural hearing loss using the health claims data in Busan, Republic of Korea. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:393-399. [PMID: 30956004 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Specific meteorological factors, including air pollution in the form of particulate matter (PM), affect the development of otologic disease and have adverse effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. This study investigated relationships between the development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL) and meteorological factor with air pollution including PM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The daily patient number in 2015 admitted to the hospital with SSNHL were extracted from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Bigdata in Busan. The meteorological factors and air pollution data of Busan area were obtained from meteorological stations in Busan. The relationship between the number of hospitalizations and the climatic factors was checked. RESULTS SSNHL patient group showed more common in women, and the highest rates were observed in patients in their 50s. The daily mean patient numbers were 2.27. The number of SSNHL patients in spring was statistically significantly higher than that in summer. The mean daily PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were 48.0 and 29.4 μg/m3, respectively. The mean wind speed, maximum wind speed and daily atmospheric pressure range was weakly positively associated with SSNHL patient number. There were weak negative correlations between maximum PM2.5 and SSNHL admissions. The mean temperature and wind chill index showed non-significantly negative relationships with SSNHL admissions. CONCLUSIONS In Busan area, statistically significant weak relationships were detected between the daily numbers of patients admitted to the hospital with SSNHL and meteorological data, including PM level. Further investigation of these associations is required.
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Zhang D, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang Q, Hu Y. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Utilization for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040533. [PMID: 30781785 PMCID: PMC6406703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in urban cities. The principal aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term impact of PM2.5 on the incidence of URTI in Beijing, China. Data on hospital visits due to URTI from 1 October 2010 to 30 September 2012 were obtained from the Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees, a health insurance database. Daily PM2.5 concentration was acquired from the embassy of the United States of America (US) located in Beijing. A generalized additive Poisson model was used to analyze the effect of PM2.5 on hospital visits for URTI. We found that a 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with 0.84% (95% CI, 0.05⁻1.64%) increase in hospital admissions for URTI at lag 0⁻3 days, but there were no significant associations with emergency room or outpatient visits. Compared to females, males were more likely to be hospitalized for URTI when the PM2.5 level increased, but other findings did not differ by age group or gender. The study suggests that short-term variations in PM2.5 concentrations have small but detectable impacts on hospital utilization due to URTI in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daitao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control & Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China.
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control & Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China.
| | - Yaying Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control & Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China.
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Chen D, Xiao Y, Tang S. Air quality index induced nonsmooth system for respiratory infection. J Theor Biol 2019; 460:160-169. [PMID: 30312690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been observed that air pollution greatly affects respiratory infection and generates public health problem, but there are many challenges to quantifying the dynamics of air pollution and evaluating its impact on respiratory infections. A periodic Filippov system describing the state-dependent control strategy for air pollution, described by air quality index (AQI), is proposed. We theoretically analyze the non-autonomous Filippov subsystem for variation of AQI by converting into an autonomous Filippov system via increasing dimension of the system. We obtain that there is a unique periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable. In particular, it shows that AQI stabilizes at either one of the periodic solutions of the free and control systems or a new periodic solution induced by the on-off control strategies, depending on the threshold levels. Then, a periodic system for respiratory infection with AQI-embedded transmission probability is formulated to examine the influence of air pollution on respiratory infection. We further obtain the control reproduction number (basic reproduction number with control strategies) of this periodic respiratory infection model. It is shown that the respiratory infection will go extinct if the control reproduction number is less than unity, while uniformly persists for larger than unity. The case study showed that the estimated threshold level coincides with the actual threshold which launches the traffic limitation measure in Xi'an, indicating the untimely density-dependent traffic limitation measure was ineffective in improving air quality. Numerically studies indicate that increasing the threshold level leads to an increase in the maximum value of the unique periodic solution for AQI and the control reproduction number for the AQI embedded SEIS model. These findings emphasize the importance of suitable threshold level to trigger interventions and suggest that untimely implementing control strategy may not effectively control air population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daipeng Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yanni Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Sanyi Tang
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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Stochastic Modelling of Air Pollution Impacts on Respiratory Infection Risk. Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:3127-3153. [PMID: 30280301 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of air pollution on people's health and daily activities in China has recently aroused much attention. By using stochastic differential equations, variation in a 6 year long time series of air quality index (AQI) data, gathered from air quality monitoring sites in Xi'an from 15 November 2010 to 14 November 2016 was studied. Every year the extent of air pollution shifts from being serious to not so serious due to alterations in heat production systems. The distribution of such changes can be predicted by a Bayesian approach and the Gibbs sampler algorithm. The intervals between changes in a sequence indicate when the air pollution becomes increasingly serious. Also, the inflow rate of pollutants during the main pollution periods each year has an increasing trend. This study used a stochastic SEIS model associated with the AQI to explore the impact of air pollution on respiratory infections. Good fits to both the AQI data and the numbers of influenza-like illness cases were obtained by stochastic numerical simulation of the model. Based on the model's dynamics, the AQI time series and the daily number of respiratory infection cases under various government intervention measures and human protection strategies were forecasted. The AQI data in the last 15 months verified that government interventions on vehicles are effective in controlling air pollution, thus providing numerical support for policy formulation to address the haze crisis.
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Improvement of Eco-Efficiency in China: A Comparison of Mandatory and Hybrid Environmental Policy Instruments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071473. [PMID: 30002318 PMCID: PMC6069474 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
China's environmental problems have long been criticized. The Communist Party of China (CPC) and the government have increasingly paid attention to developing environmental protection and included the construction of an ecological civilization in the "Five-in-One" development strategy. The improvement of regional eco-efficiency is an important way to realize the coordinated development of the entire society, and environmental policy instruments are a powerful means to enhance regional eco-efficiency. This paper categorizes environmental policy instruments into mandatory, hybrid, and voluntary types. Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2015, the paper discusses the impact of environmental policy instruments on regional eco-efficiency and the means of the impact. The research shows that (1) mandatory and hybrid environmental policy instruments play a significant role in promoting regional eco-efficiency, while the role of voluntary instruments is not significant in promoting regional eco-efficiency; (2) hybrid and mandatory environmental policy instruments have negative interactions; and (3) the level of economic development will positively affect the role of hybrid environmental policy instruments in promoting regional eco-efficiency but negatively affect the role of mandatory instruments in promoting regional efficiency.
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The Association between Air Pollution and Outpatient and Inpatient Visits in Shenzhen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020178. [PMID: 29360738 PMCID: PMC5858253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, air pollution is a severe environmental problem in China. To investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on health, a time series analysis of daily outpatient and inpatient visits in 2015 were conducted in Shenzhen (China). Generalized additive model was employed to analyze associations between six air pollutants (namely SO2, CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) and daily outpatient and inpatient visits after adjusting confounding meteorological factors, time and day of the week effects. Significant associations between air pollutants and two types of hospital visits were observed. The estimated increase in overall outpatient visits associated with each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration ranged from 0.48% (O3 at lag 2) to 11.48% (SO2 with 2-day moving average); for overall inpatient visits ranged from 0.73% (O3 at lag 7) to 17.13% (SO2 with 8-day moving average). Our results also suggested a heterogeneity of the health effects across different outcomes and in different populations. The findings in present study indicate that even in Shenzhen, a less polluted area in China, significant associations exist between air pollution and daily number of overall outpatient and inpatient visits.
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Vencloviene J, Braziene A, Dedele A, Lopatiene K, Dobozinskas P. Associations of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with emergency ambulance calls for the exacerbation of essential arterial hypertension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:509-524. [PMID: 29149802 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1405246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between daily emergency ambulance calls (EAC) for elevated blood pressure that occurred during the time intervals of 8:00-13:59, 14:00-21:59, and 22:00-7:59, and exposure to CO, PM10, and ozone. We used Poisson regression to explore the association between the risk of EAC and short-term variation of pollutants, adjusting for seasonality and weather variables. Before noon, the risk was associated with an interquartile range (IQR) (7.9 μg/m3) increase in PM10 at lag 2-4 days below the median (RR = 1.08, p = 0.031) and with an IQR (0.146 mg/m3) increase in CO at lag 6-7 below the median (RR = 1.05, p = 0.028). During 14:00-21:59, the risk was associated with an IQR (18.8 μg/m3) increase in PM10 on the previous day below the median (RR = 1.04, p = 0.031). At night, EAC were negatively affected by lower O3 (lag 0-2) below the median (per IQR decrease RR = 1.10, p = 0.018) and a higher PM10 at lag 0-1 above the median for the elderly (RR = 1.07, p = 0.030).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Vencloviene
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Agne Braziene
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Audrius Dedele
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Kristina Lopatiene
- b Department of Orthodontics , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Paulius Dobozinskas
- c Department of Disaster Medicine , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania
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