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Brennan C, O'Donoghue G, Keogh A, Rhodes RE, Matthews J. "You are either sporty or you are not" A Qualitative Exploration of Pre-Teen Girls of Low-Socioeconomic Position Experiences of Being Physically Active. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102692. [PMID: 38945186 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eighty one percent of adolescents do not meet the recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines with levels of physical activity declining steadily with age and more pronounced in girls of low socioeconomic position (SEP). Furthermore, early adolescence is a time when the rate of decline in PA is most severe amongst girls, placing them at an increased likelihood of developing negative health outcomes associated with physical inactivity. In response, the aim of this study was to explore low-SEP pre-teen girls' experiences of being physically active and to understand their perceptions of the individual, social and environmental factors that influence these experiences. METHODS Focus groups were conducted with 107 girls aged 10 - 12 years from four urban and three rural primary schools. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, with themes mapped to the relevant domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). RESULTS Themes highlighted how skills and confidence underpin girls' self-identity for PA. Girls described how their social network (i.e., peers, family, coaches and teachers) shaped their experiences of being active. Girls recognised how being active was impacted by the challenges and opportunities in their local community (e.g., lack of facilities and anti-social behaviour). CONCLUSION This study provides insight into low-SEP pre-teen girls' experiences of being physically active in both rural and urban locations, while highlighting the complex interplay of individual, social and environmental factors. Additionally, the use of the TDF presents an in-depth behavioural diagnosis which can be used to inform future theory-based interventions to promote low-SEP pre-teen girls PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Brennan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Grainne O'Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Keogh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Canada
| | - James Matthews
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Giannini C, Mastromauro C, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Effects of COVID-19 time on the development of pre-impaired glucose tolerance state in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1050-1056. [PMID: 37500925 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on 2 h plasma glucose (2 h PG) values after an OGTT postulating a correlation between 2 h PG spectrum and the decline of β-cell function. Particularly, we tried to evaluate the effects on the risk of showing 2 h plasma glucose values in the highest range of normal values in children and adolescent with obesity during COVID-19 Pandemic compared to those evaluated during the 13 years before. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data from 532 children and adolescents with obesity and overweight (before COVID-19 Pandemic, 209M/262F, 2008-2019; during COVID-19 Pandemic, 40M/21F, 2020-2021) who had undergone a complete evaluation and had performed an OGTT were analyzed. The two groups were further divided into three sub-groups based on the 2 h PG, group 1 (2 h PG < 5.55 mmol/L), group 2 (5.56 < 2 h PG < 6.60 mmol/L), group 3 (6.61 < 2h PG < 7.72 mmol/L), respectively. The prevalence of 2 h PG values distribution in children was evaluated between before and during COVID-19 Pandemic period and the main differences between the two groups 3 of each period were analyzed. RESULTS A significant difference (P = 0.01) in terms of distribution of the prevalence of 2h PG values was documented between the group before COVID-19 (35.6%, 45.9% and 18.5%) and the group during COVID-19 Pandemic (31.1%, 31.1% and 37.8%). A roughly doble higher prevalence of subjects with pre-IGT was documented in the COVID-19 group. In addition, group 3 of COVID-19 time showed significantly higher values for waist circumference (WC), Waist/Height ratio (WtHR), fasting glucose and HOMA-IR compared to the group 3 of the period before COVID-19 Pandemic (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS During COVID-19 time a higher percentage of children are in the highest range of normal 2 h PG values which is known to be associated with a significant impairment of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity and have higher risk of developing IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | | | | | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Geschlechtersensible Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung für Kinder: Chancen und Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzbarkeit. PRÄVENTION UND GESUNDHEITSFÖRDERUNG 2022. [PMCID: PMC9799705 DOI: 10.1007/s11553-022-01006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung sollten Geschlechterunterschiede bereits im Kindesalter berücksichtigt werden. Allerdings fehlen hierzu sowohl theoretisch fundierte Konzepte als auch insbesondere praktische Handlungsempfehlungen.
Ziel der Arbeit
Daher sollte ermittelt werden, was Wissenschaftler/innen und Praktiker/innen empfehlen, um Anbietende bei der Entwicklung geschlechtersensibler präventiver und gesundheitsförderlicher Maßnahmen für Kinder zu unterstützen.
Material und Methoden
Es wurde ein mehrschrittiges qualitatives Vorgehen gewählt, um die Erfahrungs- und Wissensbestände aus Wissenschaft und Praxis zu erfassen. Das Vorgehen bestand aus einem Expertenworkshop mit Wissenschaftler/innen (n = 12) angelehnt an die nominale Gruppentechnik, sechs Fokusgruppen mit Fachkräften (n = 7; 6; 8; 6; 8; 4) und einem abschließenden Online-Workshop mit beiden Gruppen (n = 12).
Ergebnisse
Die resultierenden Handlungsempfehlungen beinhalten die folgenden Punkte: Geschlecht und Lebenslage adressieren, Geschlechterrollen und Lebensweisen kennenlernen, Partizipation und Qualitätssicherung, Dokumentation von Praxisprojekten, Diversität in professionellen Teams, Geschlechtersensibilität in Qualifikationsmaßnahmen, Austausch und Vernetzung.
Schlussfolgerung
Bei der Umsetzung von geschlechtersensibler Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung bei Kindern sind sowohl politische als auch gesellschaftliche und individuelle Ebenen zu berücksichtigen. Während das Thema in der praktischen Arbeit schon Beachtung findet und umgesetzt wird, besteht Forschungsbedarf insbesondere hinsichtlich konzeptioneller Entwicklung und Evaluationen.
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Peralta LR, Cinelli RL, Cotton W, Morris S, Galy O, Caillaud C. The Barriers to and Facilitators of Physical Activity and Sport for Oceania with Non-European, Non-Asian (ONENA) Ancestry Children and Adolescents: A Mixed Studies Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11554. [PMID: 36141832 PMCID: PMC9517198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in sport and physical activity (PA) leads to better overall health, increased life expectancy, and decreased mortality rates across the lifespan; however, there may be a range of individual, family, and community factors that influence PA participation among ONENA children and adolescents residing in the 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICT) and Australia. This review aimed to synthesise existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding barriers to and facilitators of PA and sport among ONENA youth. METHODS The literature was systematically searched to include studies reporting barriers to and facilitators of PA and sports participation among ONENA children and adolescents aged 0-18 years residing in the 22 PICT and Australia. Using a pre-established taxonomy based on the social-ecological model, a deductive analysis was performed. Quality appraisal was performed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. RESULTS Of 1388 articles, 14 studies were included, with 128 ONENA children and adolescent participants across the four qualitative studies; 156,581 ONENA children and adolescents across the seven quantitative studies; 801 parents, children, and adolescents in one quantitative study; and 642 parents in two quantitative studies. Of the 14 included studies, none were based in Australia and only 10 of the 22 PICT were reported as the participants' residence: Palau, New Zealand, Tonga, Cook Islands, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Fiji. Four studies reported barriers, and another four studies reported facilitators of PA and sport, with the remaining studies reporting both barriers and facilitators. Overall, there were more barriers reported (30 in total) than facilitators (27 in total). CONCLUSIONS Research in this area is lacking, with ONENA youth living in Australia and 12 PICT not represented. Overall, there were a larger number of facilitators experienced at individual and interpersonal levels, while barriers were highest at the community level, with the policy level having facilitators and barriers equally represented. Programs that offer PA and sport participation options with embedded SDT-informed strategies for all family members; that are accessible through existing transport and related social, cultural, and physical infrastructure; and that are committed to communities through formal co-design partnerships are needed, to enhance the PA and sport participation of ONENA youth residing in PICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa R. Peralta
- School of Education and Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Renata L. Cinelli
- Faculty of Education and Arts, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia
| | - Wayne Cotton
- School of Education and Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah Morris
- Sydney Conservatorium of Music, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Olivier Galy
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, University of New Caledonia, Nouméa 98800, New Caledonia
| | - Corinne Caillaud
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Giannini C, Polidori N, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. The bad rainbow of COVID-19 time: effects on glucose metabolism in children and adolescents with obesity and overweight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1694-1702. [PMID: 35778481 PMCID: PMC9263072 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 restriction measurements have enhanced the obesity status in the pediatric population which might further contribute to obesity-related glucose-insulin metabolism alterations. Therefore, we retrospectively compared anthropometric and OGTT data on children with obesity during the 13 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects/methods Data from 741 children with obesity and overweight were retrieved and clustered into seven groups starting from year 2008–2009 until 2020–2021. Differences in anthropometric measurements and glucose/insulin metabolism were evaluated between the different groups. Results Children with overweight and obesity in the COVID-19 restriction group did not present increased values of SDSBody Mass Index (BMI). Significantly higher values for Waist Circumference (WC), SDS-WC, Waist/Height ratio (WHtR), and body mass fat were detected in these children (all P < 0.01). Fasting glycaemia, glucose, and insulin excursions were significantly higher compared to pre pandemic children (all P < 0.01). Insulin resistance was higher while insulin secretion was lower (all P < 0.01) determining a significantly higher percentage of impaired glucose tolerance in the COVID-19 restriction group (P < 0.002). Furthermore, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly lower (P < 0.01) and SDS for systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly higher (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions COVID-19 restriction measurements determined profound alterations in glucose and insulin metabolism in children with obesity and overweight. Urgent strategies are needed in order to reverse COVID-19 restriction measures’ effects on glucose and insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nella Polidori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Rittsteiger L, Hinz T, Oriwol D, Wäsche H, Schmidt S, Kolb S, Woll A. Changes of Self-Rated Health Status, Overweight and Physical Activity During Childhood and Adolescence-The Ratchet Effect of High Parental Socioeconomic Status. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:781394. [PMID: 35308596 PMCID: PMC8931189 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.781394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are important life periods for the development of health status and physical activity (PA) behaviours. This study analyses the stability and potential changes of self-rated health status, overweight and PA behaviour over time, specifically focusing on the age and the socioeconomic status of children and adolescents. We employ representative longitudinal data for German children and adolescents from the Motorik-Modul Study and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey. Using four different dichotomous health status and PA indicators (self-rated health status [SRHS]; overweight; moderate-to-vigorous PA; and leisure sports engagement), we report within-person transition rates across the panel waves when the survey was taken (2003-2006, 2009-2012, and 2014-2017). Additionally, we report results of logistic regressions estimating the impact of children's age, gender, migration background, and their parents' socioeconomic status on these transition rates. The transition rates show mixed results. While children and adolescents from highly problematic states reporting bad SRHS and no leisure sports engagement at an early stage tend to improve later on, overweight children mostly stay overweight. Age and social inequality indicators correlate with some of the chances of improving or worsening the health and PA states. Most clearly, high parental status prevents the health status and PA from worsening over all transitions, particularly becoming overweight, representing a ratchet effect. The results of the present study underline that health policy needs to target specific groups to reduce social inequality in the health status and PA of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Rittsteiger
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Hinz
- Department of History, Sociology, Empirical Educational Research and Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Kolb
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Spitzer AN, Oselinsky K, Lucas-Thompson RG, Graham DJ. Environmental Physical Activity Cues and Children's Active vs. Sedentary Recreation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031874. [PMID: 35162896 PMCID: PMC8834769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) benefits health, and intensive environmental modifications can increase children’s PA. Research has not yet addressed if subtle environmental cues, such as posters depicting PA, increase child PA. In the current study, it was hypothesized that children exposed to active posters (vs. nature posters) would spend a larger proportion of free play time engaging with active toys (relative to sedentary toys). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in which posters on a laboratory wall depicted 1. People being active, or 2. Nature scenes. Children aged 5–10 years (N = 175) could play with up to eight toys (four active, four sedentary) while parents completed study-related surveys. The proportion of playtime that was active was compared between groups. Poster type did not have a significant effect on proportion of active playtime. Previous environmental interventions that increase children’s PA have done so through enhancing access to active opportunities, rather than via signage. It is possible that poster interventions such as this may not influence children’s PA, or perhaps other types of cues would have been more effective. Future research should investigate subtle environmental cues that match both the target audience and the accessible PA options (e.g., posters depicting children playing with available active toys) and explore other low-investment environmental modifications to boost children’s PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Spitzer
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (K.O.); (D.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katrina Oselinsky
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (K.O.); (D.J.G.)
| | - Rachel G. Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Dan J. Graham
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (K.O.); (D.J.G.)
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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8
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Walkability indices and children's walking behavior in rural vs. urban areas. Health Place 2021; 72:102707. [PMID: 34742121 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study described associations between selected walk indices (WI) and walking and physical activity behaviors in rural and urban children. FINDINGS WI were higher in urban environments, yet children from rural areas walked for transportation more than children from urban areas. There was a negative correlation between National WI scores and walking for transportation in urban areas, and between the Frank WI scores and walking for exercise in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Indices of walkability are not associated with objectively measured physical activity or self-reported walking behavior in children living in rural and urban settings.
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9
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Expertise- and Tempo-Related Performance Differences in Unimanual Drumming. Motor Control 2021; 25:644-679. [PMID: 34544901 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-speed drumming requires precise control over the timing, velocity, and magnitude of striking movements. AIM To examine effects of tempo and expertise on unaccented repetitive drumming performance using 3D motion capture. METHODS Expert and amateur drummers performed unimanual, unaccented, repetitive drum strikes, using their dominant right hand, at five different tempi. Performance was examined with regard to timing variability, striking velocity variability, the ability to match the prescribed tempo, and additional variables. RESULTS Permutated multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant main effects of tempo (p < .001) and expertise (p <.001) on timing variability and striking velocity variability; low timing variability and low striking velocity variability were associated with low/medium tempo as well as with increased expertise. Individually, improved precision appeared across an optimum tempo range. Precision was poorest at maximum tempo (400 hits per minute) for precision variables. CONCLUSIONS Expert drummers demonstrated greater precision and consistency than amateurs. Findings indicate an optimum tempo range that extends with increased expertise.
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Woll A, Klos L, Burchartz A, Hanssen-Doose A, Niessner C, Oriwol D, Schmidt SCE, Bös K, Worth A. Cohort Profile Update: The Motorik-Modul (MoMo) Longitudinal Study-physical fitness and physical activity as determinants of health development in German children and adolescents. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:393-394. [PMID: 33709121 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Leon Klos
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anke Hanssen-Doose
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Education Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen C E Schmidt
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus Bös
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Annette Worth
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Education Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Breaden Madden G, Jabusch HC. Instrumental and Hedonic Motives for Emotion Regulation in Musical Practice. Front Psychol 2021; 12:643974. [PMID: 34276470 PMCID: PMC8277929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation literature often emphasizes that individuals regulate their emotions for hedonic reasons. However, there is increasing support for an instrumental approach to emotion regulation. This approach suggests that emotions are regulated if they are believed to be beneficial to the pursuit of personally relevant goals. When pursuing a long-term goal, an individual may forego immediate, hedonic emotional reward in order to maximize the instrumental benefits of emotions. The current study investigates emotion regulation behaviour in the context of musical practice. We examine whether musicians adopt specific, regulated emotional stances which support their goal orientation, and which are in line with their beliefs regarding the functional impact of emotions. Via an online questionnaire, 421 musicians reported their goal-orientation, meta-emotion beliefs, and affect-regulation strategies. Participants then completed a scale assessing specific emotions they would regulate in order to support their musical practice. Data were analysed using PCA, MANOVA, subgroup analysis and categorical regression. Musicians reported using affect-improvement strategies more often than affect-worsening strategies in order to influence how they felt during musical practice. Greater reported use of affect-worsening strategies was associated with stronger meta-emotion beliefs supporting the possible instrumental benefits of unpleasant emotions (F = 30.33; p < 0.01; η p 2 = 0.06). Musicians who strongly endorsed this belief more strongly pursued mastery goals in contrast to enjoyment goals. In terms of specific targeted emotions, musicians generally sought to reduce unpleasant emotions, and increase pleasant, energizing emotions in order to support their musical practice. However, a subgroup of mastery- rather than enjoyment-oriented musicians may seek a mixed emotional state, increasing anger and nervousness in conjunction with a number of pleasant emotions (Wilks λ1,420 = 14.42; p < 0.01; η p 2 = 0.50). Musicians who pursue expert musical skills may be motivated to experience emotions that combine the instrumental and hedonic benefits of emotions. Musicians who practice for enjoyment may prioritize emotions that maximize only the hedonic benefits. Future research should aim to identify the regulated emotional states that best support specific musical practice outcomes in an individual. It will also be important to understand on all levels, including music performance quality as well as health and well-being, the outcomes that may be associated with the use of affect-worsening strategies and unpleasant emotions. Research in this field may equip musicians with novel skills for better pursuit of their goals, and may help to maximize health and well-being in musical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Breaden Madden
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, University of Music Carl Maria von Weber, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Ventura PS, Ortigoza AF, Castillo Y, Bosch Z, Casals S, Girbau C, Siurana JM, Arce A, Torres M, Herrero FJ. Children's Health Habits and COVID-19 Lockdown in Catalonia: Implications for Obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051657. [PMID: 34068354 PMCID: PMC8153273 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic imposed changes in children’s daily routine that could lead to changes in behavior patterns. Using a survey targeted at children under 17 years of age, we described dietary (adherence to Mediterranean diet, AMD) and sleeping habits (disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep) after the implementation of lockdown, and examined the probability of the inadequate frequency of physical activity (PA) and use of TV and electronic devices (TV-ED) before and after lockdown through generalized estimating equation models, accounting for age and gender differences. From 3464 children included, 53.2% showed optimal AMD; 79.2% referred to delayed bedtime; and 16.3% were suspected of sleeping disorders after the implementation of lockdown. Delay in bedtime was more frequent among children older than 6 years, and inadequate sleeping hours among those younger than 11 years. There were no gender differences in AMD or sleeping habits. The odds of inadequate frequency of PA and TV-ED use were greater after lockdown, with a greater risk for TV-ED use. Boys were at greater risk of inadequate PA frequency and TV-ED use. Odds ratio of inadequate PA was greater at older ages. Lockdown could influence changes in children’s habits that could lead to risk factors for non-communicable diseases during adulthood if such behaviors are sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sol Ventura
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain; (Z.B.); (M.T.); (F.J.H.)
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana F. Ortigoza
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Yanira Castillo
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Zelmira Bosch
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain; (Z.B.); (M.T.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Sara Casals
- Nutrition Department, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain; (S.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristina Girbau
- Nutrition Department, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain; (S.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Jose M. Siurana
- Cardiology Department, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain;
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Amalia Arce
- e-Salud Department, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marisa Torres
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain; (Z.B.); (M.T.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Francisco J. Herrero
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital HM Nens, HM Hospitales, 08009 Barcelona, Spain; (Z.B.); (M.T.); (F.J.H.)
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13
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Foubister C, van Sluijs EMF, Vignoles A, Wilkinson P, Wilson ECF, Croxson CHD, Brown HE, Corder K. The school policy, social, and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity: An exploratory analysis using the LASSO. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249328. [PMID: 33831061 PMCID: PMC8031174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the association between the school policy, social and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity (PA) and explored how sex and socioeconomic status modified potential associations. METHODS Data from the GoActive study were used for these analyses. Participants were adolescents (n = 1765, mean age±SD 13.2±0.4y) from the East of England, UK. Change in longitudinal accelerometer assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was the outcome. School policy, social and physical environment features (n = 267) were exposures. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator variable selection method (LASSO) was used to determine exposures most relevant to the outcome. Exposures selected by the LASSO were added to a multiple linear regression model with estimates of change in min/day of MVPA per 1-unit change in each exposure reported. Post-hoc analyses, exploring associations between change in variables selected by the LASSO and change in MVPA, were undertaken to further explain findings. FINDINGS No school policy or physical environment features were selected by the LASSO as predictors of change in MVPA. The LASSO selected two school social environment variables (participants asking a friend to do physical activity; friend asking a participant to do physical activity) as potential predictors of change in MVPA but no significant associations were found in subsequent linear regression models for all participants (β [95%CI] -1.01 [-2.73;0.71] and 0.65 [-2.17;0.87] min/day respectively). In the post-hoc analyses, for every unit increase in change in participants asking a friend to do PA and change in a friend asking participants to do PA, an increase in MVPA of 2.78 (1.55;4.02) and 1.80 (0.48;3.11) min/day was predicted respectively. CONCLUSIONS The school social environment is associated with PA during adolescence. Further exploration of how friendships during adolescence may be leveraged to support effective PA promotion in schools is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Foubister
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Esther M. F. van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Vignoles
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward C. F. Wilson
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. D. Croxson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Elizabeth Brown
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Corder
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Personal, Social, and Environmental Influences on Physical Activity in Groups of Children As Defined by Different Physical Activity Patterns. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:867-873. [PMID: 32732450 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions promoting physical activity (PA) in youth have had limited success, in part because studies with methodological challenges have yielded an incomplete understanding of personal, social, and environmental influences on PA. This study described changes in these factors for subgroups of youth with initially high PA that decreased (Active-Decline) compared with children with initially low PA that decreased (Inactive-Decline) from fifth to ninth grades. METHODS Observational, prospective cohort design. Participants (n = 625) were fifth-grade children recruited in 2 school districts and followed from elementary to high school. Students and their parents responded to questionnaires to assess personal, social, and perceived physical environmental factors in the fifth (mean age = 10.5 [.5] y) and ninth (mean age = 14.7 [.6] y) grades. Analyses included a mixed-model 2-way repeated analysis of variances. RESULTS Children in the Active-Decline compared with those in the Inactive-Decline group showed a more favorable profile in 6 of 8 personal variables (perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-schema, enjoyment, competence, and fitness motives) and 4 of 6 social variables (friend support, parent encouragement, parent support, and parent-reported support). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest efforts to promote PA should target selected personal, social, and perceived environmental factors beginning before age 10 and continuing through adolescence.
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15
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Schmidt SCE, Anedda B, Burchartz A, Oriwol D, Kolb S, Wäsche H, Niessner C, Woll A. The physical activity of children and adolescents in Germany 2003-2017: The MoMo-study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236117. [PMID: 32673364 PMCID: PMC7365397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With digitalization and virtual entertainment being the megatrends of the 21st century, there is reasonable concern about the role of physical activity (PA) in the daily life of children and adolescents. To identify risk-groups with insufficient PA and to guide interventions, continuous and representative tracking of PA is crucial. In this paper, representative PA data of children and adolescents from the Motorik-Modul (MoMo) baseline study (2003-2006, N = 4,528) is compared to those of Wave 2 (2014-2017, N = 3,708). Participants aged 4-17 were drawn out of 167 sample points in Germany and the data was weighted to ensure representativeness for Germany. Organized (sports clubs and schools) and unorganized (unorganized sports and playing outside) PA was measured by questionnaire and stratified by sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Contrary to common expectation, overall PA remained stable among youths in the past ten years, however, there is an ongoing trend towards organized forms of PA at the expense of unorganized sports and playing outside. Besides different trends in settings, there is inequality in PA distribution among socioeconomic status and gender, unequally pronounced in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Doris Oriwol
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Kolb
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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