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Peralta M, Lizcano F. Endocrine Disruptors and Metabolic Changes: Impact on Puberty Control. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:384-397. [PMID: 38185329 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the significant impact of environmental chemicals on disease development, focusing on their role in developing metabolic and endocrine diseases. The objective is to understand how these chemicals contribute to the increasing prevalence of precocious puberty, considering various factors, including epigenetic changes, lifestyle, and emotional disturbances. METHODS The study employs a comprehensive review of descriptive observational studies in both human and animal models to identify a degree of causality between exposure to environmental chemicals and disease development, specifically focusing on endocrine disruption. Due to ethical constraints, direct causation studies in human subjects are not feasible; therefore, the research relies on accumulated observational data. RESULTS Puberty is a crucial life period with marked physiological and psychological changes. The age at which sexual characteristics develop is changing in many regions. The findings indicate a correlation between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the early onset of puberty. These chemicals have been shown to interfere with normal hormonal processes, particularly during critical developmental stages such as adolescence. The research also highlights the interaction of these chemical exposures with other factors, including nutritional history, social and lifestyle changes, and emotional stress, which together contribute to the prevalence of precocious puberty. CONCLUSION Environmental chemicals significantly contribute to the development of certain metabolic and endocrine diseases, particularly in the rising incidence of precocious puberty. Although the evidence is mainly observational, it adequately justifies regulatory actions to reduce exposure risks. Furthermore, these findings highlight the urgent need for more research on the epigenetic effects of these chemicals and their wider impact on human health, especially during vital developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Peralta
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana, CIBUS, Chía, Colombia
| | - Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana, CIBUS, Chía, Colombia; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Fundación CardioInfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Ham D, Ha M, Park H, Hong YC, Kim Y, Ha E, Bae S. Association of postnatal exposure to mixture of bisphenol A, Di-n-butyl phthalate and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with Children's IQ at 5 Years of age: Mothers and Children's environmental health (MOCEH) study. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140626. [PMID: 37939933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood is important for neurodevelopment, and exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates in this period may cause neurodevelopmental disorders and delays. The present study examined the association between exposure to mixtures of BPA and three metabolites of phthalates in early childhood and IQ at 5 years of age. The Mother and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study is a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Korea with 1751 pregnant women enrolled from 2006 to 2010. After excluding those without relevant data, 47 children were included in the final analysis. We measured children's urinary concentrations of metabolites of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (Bisphenol A, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono-(2-ethyl-5-butyl) phthalate) at ages of 24 and 36 months. We evaluated the children's IQ with the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Test at the age of 5 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, a multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the associations between individual endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the IQ of the children. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and quantile-based g-computation were used to assess the association between IQ at age 5 and exposure to mixtures of BPA and phthalates. In the single-chemical analyses, mono-(2-ethyl-5-butyl) phthalate exposure at 36 months was adversely associated with children's IQ (β = -4.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): -9.22, -0.64). In the WQS regression and quantile-based g-computation analyses, exposure to the mixture of BPA and phthalates was associated with lower IQ [β = -9.13 (P-value = 0.05) and β = -9.18 (P-value = 0.05), respectively]. The largest contributor to the overall association was exposure to mono-(2-ethyl-5-butyl) phthalate at 36 months. In the present study, postnatal exposure to mixtures of BPA and three metabolites of phthalates was associated with decreased IQ of children at age 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajeong Ham
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Laccetta G, Di Chiara M, Cardillo A, De Nardo MC, Terrin G. The effects of industrial chemicals bonded to plastic materials in newborns: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117298. [PMID: 37821060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are a family of industrial chemicals noncovalently bonded to plastic materials to enhance flexibility and durability. These compounds are extensively used in a variety of consumer products and even in many medical devices. Newborns present a higher susceptibility to phthalates. OBJECTIVE To assess the short- and long-term health consequences of exposure to phthalates during the neonatal period. METHODS Systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA statements. Eligible articles in English language were searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Ovid databases using the following terms: "phthalate", "newborn", and "neonate". Unpublished data were searched in ClinicalTrials.gov website. All in vivo studies of any design published before May 16th, 2023 and fulfilling the following criteria were included: 1) investigations in which preterm and/or term newborns underwent one or more measurement of concentrations of phthalates on biological samples taken during the neonatal period; 2) studies in which quantitative measurement of phthalates was related to any kind of health outcome. Subgroup analysis was conducted by type of outcome. The quality assessment was performed according to the criteria from the "NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies". RESULTS 11,895 records were identified; finally, 5 articles were included for review. A mixture of phthalates was associated with improved performance on the NNNS summary scales of Attention, Handling, and Non-optimal reflexes before NICU discharge. At 2 months' corrected age, some phthalates were positively associated with problem-solving and gross motor abilities; increased levels of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, and sum of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (∑3DEHP and ∑4DEHP) were associated with worse fine motor performance. Furthermore, DEHP was associated with transient alteration of gut microbiota and increased IgM production after vaccine. A linear positive association between a mixture of phthalates and slope of the first growth spurt was even reported in preterm newborns. No relationship emerged between phthalates and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Three studies out of 5 had fair quality. CONCLUSION Given some methodological issues and the paucity of related studies, further investigations of flawless quality aimed at clarifying the relationship between early exposure to phthalates and health outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Laccetta
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Di Chiara
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cardillo
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara De Nardo
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Terrin
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Marinello WP, Gillera SEA, Huang L, Rollman J, Reif DM, Patisaul HB. Uncovering the common factors of chemical exposure and behavior: Evaluating behavioral effects across a testing battery using factor analysis. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:264-273. [PMID: 37914043 PMCID: PMC11154886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Although specific environmental chemical exposures, including flame retardants, are known risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), direct experimental evidence linking specific chemicals to NDDs is limited. Studies focusing on the mechanisms by which the social processing systems are vulnerable to chemical exposure are underrepresented in the literature, even though social impairments are defining characteristics of many NDDs. We have repeatedly demonstrated that exposure to Firemaster 550 (FM 550), a prevalent flame retardant mixture used in foam-based furniture and infant products, can adversely impact a variety of behavioral endpoints. Our recent work in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a prosocial animal model, demonstrated that perinatal exposure to FM 550 sex specifically impacts socioemotional behavior. Here, we utilized a factor analysis approach on a battery of behavioral data from our prior study to extract underlying factors that potentially explain patterns within the FM 550 behavior data. This approach identified which aspects of the behavioral battery are most robust and informative, an outcome critical for future study designs. Pearson's correlation identified behavioral endpoints associated with distance and stranger interactions that were highly correlated across 5 behavioral tests. Using these behavioral endpoints, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) extracted 2 factors that could explain the data: Activity (distance traveled endpoints) and Sociability (time spent with a novel conspecific). Exposure to FM 550 significantly decreased Activity and decreased Sociability. This factor analysis approach to behavioral data offers the advantages of modeling numerous measured variables and simplifying the data set by presenting the data in terms of common, overarching factors in terms of behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sagi Enicole A Gillera
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; ICF International Inc, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Lynn Huang
- Department of Statistics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John Rollman
- Department of Statistics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Reis J, Buguet A, Román GC, Spencer PS. Environmental neurology: Concepts and short history of an interdisciplinary approach to etiology, treatment and prevention. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120861. [PMID: 37924592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental Neurology (EN), a sub-discipline of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, favors an interdisciplinary collaboration allowing a holistic approach to understanding the impact of environmental factors on the nervous system and their relationship with neurological diseases. Several examples of diseases and conditions show the large scope of subjects addressed by EN. The EN sub-discipline focuses on both individual and population issues thus joining patient care and public health, respectively. Neuropathogenesis is addressed by several major questions: How do the environment and nervous system interact? Which exogenous factors can trigger neurological disease? When, where and how do they act? What are the therapeutic implications, and how can these disorders be controlled or prevented. To answer such questions, we address the incentive for, philosophy of and methods developed by EN, which seeks to safeguard Brain Health and, thus, the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Reis
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Association RISE, 67205 Oberhausbergen, France.
| | - Alain Buguet
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gustavo C Román
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 802, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Rosi E, Crippa A, Pozzi M, De Francesco S, Fioravanti M, Mauri M, Molteni M, Morello L, Tosti L, Metruccio F, Clementi E, Nobile M. Exposure to environmental pollutants and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111676-111692. [PMID: 37828261 PMCID: PMC10643318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Although heritability estimates suggest a role for genetic components, environmental risk factors have been described as relevant in the etiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several studies have investigated the role of toxicological pollution, i.e., air pollution, heavy metals, POPs, and phthalates. Clear evidence for association of ADHD and environmental factors has not been provided yet. To answer this, we have assessed all available systematic reviews and meta-analyses that focused on the association between pollutant exposure and either ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. More than 1800 studies were screened of which 14 found eligible. We found evidence of a significant role for some pollutants, in particular heavy metals and phthalates, in the increased risk of developing ADHD symptoms. However, at the current stage, data from existing literature also do not allow to weight the role of the different environmental pollutants. We also offer a critical examination of the reviews/meta-analyses and provide indications for future studies in this field. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022341496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Rosi
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Crippa
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Stefano De Francesco
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Lecco, Italy
- Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, 20143, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Fioravanti
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Lecco, Italy
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Lecco, Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Lecco, Italy
| | - Luisa Morello
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Lecco, Italy
- Sigmund Freud University, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, 20143, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Tosti
- Pharmacovigilance & Clinical Research Unit and International Centre for Pesticides & Health Risk Prevention, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Metruccio
- Pharmacovigilance & Clinical Research Unit and International Centre for Pesticides & Health Risk Prevention, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
- Pharmacovigilance & Clinical Research Unit and International Centre for Pesticides & Health Risk Prevention, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Lecco, Italy
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7
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Rosolen V, Giordani E, Mariuz M, Parpinel M, Mustieles V, Gilles L, Govarts E, Rodriguez Martin L, Baken K, Schoeters G, Sepai O, Sovcikova E, Fabelova L, Kohoutek J, Jensen TK, Covaci A, Roggeman M, Melymuk L, Klánová J, Castano A, Esteban López M, Barbone F. Cognitive Performance and Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Children: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Two European Mother-Child Cohorts. TOXICS 2023; 11:878. [PMID: 37999530 PMCID: PMC10675051 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the effects of organophosphate flame retardants on children's neurodevelopment is limited. The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the association between exposure to organophosphate flame retardants and children's neurodevelopment in two European cohorts involved in the Human Biomonitoring Initiative Aligned Studies. The participants were school-aged children belonging to the Odense Child Cohort (Denmark) and the PCB cohort (Slovakia). In each cohort, the children's neurodevelopment was assessed through the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient score of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, using two different editions. The children's urine samples, collected at one point in time, were analyzed for several metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants. The association between neurodevelopment and each organophosphate flame retardant metabolite was explored by applying separate multiple linear regressions based on the approach of MM-estimation in each cohort. In the Danish cohort, the mean ± standard deviation for the neurodevelopment score was 98 ± 12; the geometric mean (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) standardized by creatinine (crt) was 0.52 µg/g crt (95% CI = 0.49; 0.60), while that of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) standardized by crt was 1.44 µg/g crt (95% CI = 1.31; 1.58). The neurodevelopment score showed a small, negative, statistically imprecise trend with BDCIPP standardized by crt (β = -1.30; 95%CI = -2.72; 0.11; p-value = 0.07) and no clear association with DPHP standardized by crt (β = -0.98; 95%CI = -2.96; 0.99; p-value = 0.33). The neurodevelopment score showed a negative trend with BDCIPP (β = -1.42; 95% CI = -2.70; -0.06; p-value = 0.04) and no clear association with DPHP (β = -1.09; 95% CI = -2.87; 0.68; p-value = 0.23). In the Slovakian cohort, the mean ± standard deviation for the neurodevelopment score was 81 ± 15; the geometric mean of BDCIPP standardized by crt was 0.18 µg/g crt (95% CI = 0.16; 0.20), while that of DPHP standardized by crt was 2.24 µg/g crt (95% CI = 2.00; 3.52). The association of the neurodevelopment score with BDCIPP standardized by crt was -0.49 (95%CI = -1.85; 0.87; p-value = 0.48), and with DPHP standardized by crt it was -0.35 (95%CI = -1.90; 1.20; p-value = 0.66). No clear associations were observed between the neurodevelopment score and BDCIPP/DPHP concentrations that were not standardized by crt. No clear associations were observed with bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) in either cohort, due to the low detection frequency of this compound. In conclusion, this study provides only limited evidence of an inverse association between neurodevelopment and exposure to BDCIPP and DPHP. The timing of exposure and effect modification of other organophosphate flame retardant metabolites and other substances should be the subject of further investigations that address this scientific hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosolen
- Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Via Cassa Di Risparmio 10, 34121 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Giordani
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marika Mariuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Kirsten Baken
- BrabantAdvies, Brabantlaan 3, 5216 TV ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp—Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ovnair Sepai
- Toxicology Department, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Fabelova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jiři Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Roggeman
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Argelia Castano
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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8
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Lupu DI, Cediel Ulloa A, Rüegg J. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Hippocampal Development: The Role of Estrogen and Androgen Signaling. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1193-1214. [PMID: 37356425 DOI: 10.1159/000531669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Hormones are important regulators of key processes during fetal brain development. Thus, the developing brain is vulnerable to the action of chemicals that can interfere with endocrine signals. Epidemiological studies have pointed toward sexually dimorphic associations between neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as cognitive abilities, in children and prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This points toward disruption of sex steroid signaling in the development of neural structures underlying cognitive functions, such as the hippocampus, an essential mediator of learning and memory processes. Indeed, during development, the hippocampus is subjected to the organizational effects of estrogens and androgens, which influence hippocampal cell proliferation, differentiation, dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis in the hippocampal fields of Cornu Ammonis and the dentate gyrus. These early organizational effects correlate with a sexual dimorphism in spatial cognition and are subject to exogenous chemical perturbations. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the organizational effects of estrogens and androgens on the developing hippocampus and the evidence for hippocampal-dependent learning and memory perturbations induced by developmental exposure to EDCs. We conclude that, while it is clear that sex hormone signaling plays a significant role during hippocampal development, a complete picture at the molecular and cellular levels would be needed to establish causative links between the endocrine modes of action exerted by EDCs and the adverse outcomes these chemicals can induce at the organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Ioana Lupu
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Jansson AK, Söderling J, Reutfors J, Thor A, Sköld C, Cohn-Cedermark G, Ståhl O, Smedby KE, Pettersson A, Glimelius I. Risk and mortality of testicular cancer in patients with neurodevelopmental or other psychiatric disorders. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:2261-2269. [PMID: 37088800 PMCID: PMC10241835 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) and neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with urogenital malformations. Few studies have investigated the association between psychiatric disorders and TGCT. We investigated whether history of any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder is associated with increased risk or mortality of TGCT. METHOD This is a nested case-control study including 6166 TGCT patients diagnosed during 1992-2014, individually matched for age and calendar period to 61,660 controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the association between type of psychiatric diagnoses and TGCT risk. Among the cases, we used a cohort design and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) of the association between psychiatric diagnose and all-cause and TGCT-specific death. RESULTS History of a neurodevelopmental disorder (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities) was associated with an increased risk of seminoma (OR: 1.54; 1.09-2.19). Seminoma patients with neurodevelopmental disorders were younger (34 versus 38 years, p = 0.004) and had more stage IV disease (5.4% versus 1.2%) than those without. Psychiatric history overall was not associated with TGCT. Patient history of any psychiatric disorder was associated with an increased all-cause and TGCT-specific death. CONCLUSIONS We report an association between neurodevelopmental disorders and testicular seminoma, and an increased TGCT-specific mortality for TGCT patients with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Jansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Söderling
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Reutfors
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Thor
- Division of Urology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Sköld
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Cohn-Cedermark
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genitourinary Oncology Unit, Department of Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ståhl
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Kaur S, Morales-Hidalgo P, Arija V, Canals J. Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollutants and Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Development in Children: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085443. [PMID: 37107725 PMCID: PMC10138804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Up to 9.5% of the world's population is diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), making it one of the most common childhood disorders. Air pollutants could be considered an environmental risk condition for ADHD, but few studies have specifically investigated the effect of prenatal exposure. The current paper reviews the studies conducted on the association between prenatal air pollutants (PM, NOx, SO2, O3, CO and PAH) and ADHD development in children. From the 890 studies searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, 15 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. NOS and WHO guidelines were used for quality and risk of bias assessment. The accumulative sample was 589,400 of children aged 3-15 years. Most studies reported an association between ADHD symptoms and prenatal PAH and PM exposure. Data available on NO2 and SO2 were inconsistent, whereas the effect of CO/O3 is barely investigated. We observed heterogeneity through an odd ratio forest plot, and discrepancies in methodologies across the studies. Eight of the fifteen studies were judged to be of moderate risk of bias in the outcome measurement. In a nutshell, future studies should aim to minimize heterogeneity and reduce bias by ensuring a more representative sample, standardizing exposure and outcome assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanpreet Kaur
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (S.K.); (P.M.-H.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paula Morales-Hidalgo
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (S.K.); (P.M.-H.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Education Studies, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- University Research Institute on Sustainablility, Climate Change and Energy Transition (IU-RESCAT) Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (S.K.); (P.M.-H.); (V.A.)
- University Research Institute on Sustainablility, Climate Change and Energy Transition (IU-RESCAT) Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (S.K.); (P.M.-H.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- University Research Institute on Sustainablility, Climate Change and Energy Transition (IU-RESCAT) Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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11
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Fucic A, Mantovani A, Vena J, Bloom MS, Sincic N, Vazquez M, Aguado-Sierra J. Impact of endocrine disruptors from mother's diet on immuno-hormonal orchestration of brain development and introduction of the virtual human twin tool. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 117:108357. [PMID: 36863570 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Diet has long been known to modify physiology during development and adulthood. However, due to a growing number of manufactured contaminants and additives over the last few decades, diet has increasingly become a source of exposure to chemicals that has been associated with adverse health risks. Sources of food contaminants include the environment, crops treated with agrochemicals, inappropriate storage (e.g., mycotoxins) and migration of xenobiotics from food packaging and food production equipment. Hence, consumers are exposed to a mixture of xenobiotics, some of which are endocrine disruptors (EDs). The complex interactions between immune function and brain development and their orchestration by steroid hormones are insufficiently understood in human populations, and little is known about the impact on immune-brain interactions by transplacental fetal exposure to EDs via maternal diet. To help to identify the key data gaps, this paper aims to present (a) how transplacental EDs modify immune system and brain development, and (b) how these mechanisms may correlate with diseases such as autism and disturbances of lateral brain development. Attention is given to disturbances of the subplate, a transient structure of crucial significance in brain development. Additionally, we describe cutting edge approaches to investigate the developmental neurotoxicity of EDs, such as the application of artificial intelligence and comprehensive modelling. In the future, highly complex investigations will be performed using virtual brain models constructed using sophisticated multi-physics/multi-scale modelling strategies based on patient and synthetic data, which will enable a greater understanding of healthy or disturbed brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska C 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Mantovani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - J Vena
- Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M S Bloom
- Global and Community Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - N Sincic
- Medical School, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, Croatia
| | - M Vazquez
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - J Aguado-Sierra
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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12
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Bernard L, Masse M, Boeuf B, Chennell P, Decaudin B, Durand N, Genay S, Lambert C, Le Basle Y, Moreau E, Pinguet J, Ponsonnaille V, Richard D, Saturnin N, Storme L, Sautou V. Medical devices used in NICU: The main source of plasticisers' exposure of newborns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159994. [PMID: 36368381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and other plasticisers are extensively used in medical devices (MD) from which they can leach out and lead to potential multiple problems for the patients. This exposure is a major issue because it is associated with reproductive and neurodevelopment disorders. The Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) population is at high risk due to the daily intensive medical interventions, the reduced ability of newborns to remove these contaminants and their higher sensitivity to endocrine disruptors. We conducted a multicentric biomonitoring study to assess and compare the urinary levels of DEHP (di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate), DEHTP (di-(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate) and TEHTM (tri-(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate) metabolites as biomarkers of this exposure during and after the newborns' stay in NICU. Daily urinary samples were collected in NICU and at discharge from the hospital for each patient. MD sources and exposure factors were also investigated. 508 urinary samples from 97 patients enrolled in centres 1 and 2 (C1/C2) were collected. The exposure of newborns to DEHP was greater than that of DEHTP and TEHTM, with a median concentration of DEHP metabolites (C1:195.63 ng/mL;C2:450.87 ng/mL) respectively 5 to 10 times higher and 57 to 228 times higher than the median concentrations of DEHTP and TEHTM metabolites. The urinary concentrations of DEHP and TEHTM metabolites were significantly lower at discharge than in NICU, with a 18-and 35-fold decrease for DEHP and a 4 and 8-fold decrease for TEHTM, respectively for C1 and C2, but were similar for DEHTP metabolites. MD used for respiratory assistance, infusion therapy,enteral nutrition and transfusion were the main sources of exposure. Smaller gestational age and body weight significantly increased the newborns' exposure. The elevated levels of DEHP metabolites in NICU patients are still alarming. Additional efforts are necessary to promote its substitution in MD by possibly safer alternatives such as TEHTM and DEHTP, particularly when used for the care of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Morgane Masse
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoît Boeuf
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Réanimation pédiatrique et médecine néonatale, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philip Chennell
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Decaudin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nelly Durand
- CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Genay
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Lambert
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoann Le Basle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Moreau
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INSERM U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Pinguet
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, service de Pharmacologie médicale, UMR INSERM 1107 Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Varlane Ponsonnaille
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Réanimation pédiatrique et médecine néonatale, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Richard
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, service de Pharmacologie médicale, UMR INSERM 1107 Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Saturnin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Réanimation pédiatrique et médecine néonatale, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- CHRU Lille, Service de Médecine Néonatale, F-59000 Lille, France; Université Lille I, UPRES EA 4489, Laboratoire de Périnatalité et croissance, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Sautou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Hilz EN, Gore AC. Sex-specific Effects of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals on Brain Monoamines and Cognitive Behavior. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac128. [PMID: 35939362 PMCID: PMC9419695 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The period of brain sexual differentiation is characterized by the development of hormone-sensitive neural circuits that govern the subsequent presentation of sexually dimorphic behavior in adulthood. Perturbations of hormones by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during this developmental period interfere with an organism's endocrine function and can disrupt the normative organization of male- or female-typical neural circuitry. This is well characterized for reproductive and social behaviors and their underlying circuitry in the hypothalamus and other limbic regions of the brain; however, cognitive behaviors are also sexually dimorphic, with their underlying neural circuitry potentially vulnerable to EDC exposure during critical periods of brain development. This review provides recent evidence for sex-specific changes to the brain's monoaminergic systems (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) after developmental EDC exposure and relates these outcomes to sex differences in cognition such as affective, attentional, and learning/memory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Hilz
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Correspondence: Andrea C. Gore, PhD, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St, Box C0875, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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14
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Maggio AG, Shu HT, Laufer BI, Bi C, Lai Y, LaSalle JM, Hu VW. Elevated exposures to persistent endocrine disrupting compounds impact the sperm methylome in regions associated with autism spectrum disorder. Front Genet 2022; 13:929471. [PMID: 36035158 PMCID: PMC9403863 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as the organochlorines have been linked with various diseases including neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is considered strongly genetic in origin due to its high heritability. However, the rapidly rising prevalence of ASD suggests that environmental factors may also influence risk for ASD. In the present study, whole genome bisulfite sequencing was used to identify genome-wide differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in a total of 52 sperm samples from a cohort of men from the Faroe Islands (Denmark) who were equally divided into high and low exposure groups based on their serum levels of the long-lived organochlorine 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), a primary breakdown product of the now banned insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Aside from being considered a genetic isolate, inhabitants of the Faroe Islands have a native diet that potentially exposes them to a wide range of seafood neurotoxicants in the form of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The DMRs were mapped to the human genome using Bismark, a 3-letter aligner used for methyl-seq analyses. Gene ontology, functional, and pathway analyses of the DMR-associated genes showed significant enrichment for genes involved in neurological functions and neurodevelopmental processes frequently impacted by ASD. Notably, these genes also significantly overlap with autism risk genes as well as those previously identified in sperm from fathers of children with ASD in comparison to that of fathers of neurotypical children. These results collectively suggest a possible mechanism involving altered methylation of a significant number of neurologically relevant ASD risk genes for introducing epigenetic changes associated with environmental exposures into the sperm methylome. Such changes may provide the potential for transgenerational inheritance of ASD as well as other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela G. Maggio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Henry T. Shu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin I. Laufer
- Genome Center, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chongfeng Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yinglei Lai
- Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Genome Center, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Valerie W. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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15
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Cardenas-Iniguez C, Burnor E, Herting MM. Neurotoxicants, the Developing Brain, and Mental Health. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:223-232. [PMID: 35911498 PMCID: PMC9337627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While life in urban environments may confer a number of benefits, it may also result in a variety of exposures, with toxic consequences for neurodevelopment and neuropsychological health. Neurotoxicants are any of a large number of chemicals or substances that interfere with normal function and/or compromise adaptation in the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Evidence suggests that neurotoxicant effects have a greater effect when occurring in utero and during early childhood. Recent findings exploring neural-level mechanisms provide a crucial opportunity to explore the ways in which environmental conditions may get "under the skin" to impact a number of psychological behaviors and cognitive processes, ultimately allowing for greater synergy between macro- and microlevel efforts to improve mental health in the presence of neurotoxicant exposures. In this review, we provide an overview of 3 types of neurotoxicants related to the built environment and relevant to brain development during childhood and adolescence: lead exposure, outdoor particulate matter pollution, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We also discuss mechanisms through which these neurotoxicants affect central nervous system function, including recent evidence from neuroimaging literature. Furthermore, we discuss neurotoxicants and mental health during development in the context of social determinants and how differences in the spatial distribution of neurotoxicant exposures result in health disparities that disproportionately affect low-income and minority populations. Multifaceted approaches incorporating social systems and their effect on neurotoxicant exposures and downstream mental health will be key to reduce societal costs and improve quality of life for children, adolescents, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elisabeth Burnor
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Jiang Y, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Jakovcevski M. Editorial: Neuroepigenetics of Neuropsychiatric Disease—Hope, Success and Obstacles for Translational Findings and Applications. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:886695. [PMID: 35431770 PMCID: PMC9011190 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.886695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Julia M. Schulze-Hentrich
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mira Jakovcevski
- Institute of Biology II - Functional Epigenetics in the Animal Model, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mira Jakovcevski
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17
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Cediel-Ulloa A, Lupu DL, Johansson Y, Hinojosa M, Özel F, Rüegg J. Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on neurodevelopment: the need for better testing strategies for endocrine disruption-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:131-141. [PMID: 35255767 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2044788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain development is highly dependent on hormonal regulation. Exposure to chemicals disrupting endocrine signaling has been associated with neurodevelopmental impairment. This raises concern about exposure to the suspected thousands of endocrine disruptors, and has resulted in efforts to improve regulation of these chemicals. Yet, the causal links between endocrine disruption and developmental neurotoxicity, which would be required for regulatory action, are still largely missing. AREAS COVERED In this review, we illustrate the importance of two endocrine systems, thyroid hormone and retinoic acid pathways, for neurodevelopment. We place special emphasis on TH and RA synthesis, metabolism, and how endocrine disrupting chemicals known or suspected to affect these systems are associated with developmental neurotoxicity. EXPERT OPINION While it is clear that neurodevelopment is dependent on proper hormonal functioning, and evidence is increasing for developmental neurotoxicity induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals, this is not grasped by current chemical testing. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop test methods detecting endocrine disruption in the context of neurodevelopment. Key to this development is further mechanistic insights on the involvement of endocrine signaling in neurodevelopment as well as increased support to develop and validate new test methods for the regulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ylva Johansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Maria Hinojosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Fatih Özel
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Centre for Women's Mental Health during the Reproductive Lifespan - Womher, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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18
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Tao Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Jiao Y, Qu J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Effects of common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals on zebrafish behavior. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117826. [PMID: 34785404 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a type of exogenous organic pollutants, are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. Therefor, this review focused on the use of the zebrafish as a model to explore the effect of different EDCs on behavior, as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive these effects. Furthermore, our study summarizes the current knowledge on the neuromodulatory effects of different EDCs in zebrafish. This study also reviews the current state of zebrafish behavior research, in addition to the potential mechanisms of single and mixed pollutant-driven behavioral dysregulation at the molecular level, as well as the applications of zebrafish behavior experiments for neuroscience research. This review broadens our understanding of the influence of EDCs on zebrafish behavior and provides guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zixu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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19
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Ouazzani HE, Rouillon S, Venisse N, Sifer-Rivière L, Dupuis A, Cambien G, Ayraud-Thevenot S, Gourgues AS, Pierre-Eugène P, Pierre F, Rabouan S, Migeot V, Albouy-Llaty M. Impact of perinatal environmental health education intervention on exposure to endocrine disruptors during pregnancy-PREVED study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:876. [PMID: 34863252 PMCID: PMC8642981 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suspected or actual effects on health of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) and their ubiquitous presence in everyday life justify the implementation of health promotion interventions. These interventions should ideally be applied during critical windows like pregnancy. Perinatal environmental health education interventions may help to reduce EDC exposure during pregnancy. METHODS/DESIGN PREVED (Pregnancy, PreVention, Endocrine Disruptors) is an open-label randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of environmental health education intervention on EDC exposure during pregnancy. Inclusion, consent, and randomization take place during the first trimester. The participants are randomly allocated into three groups: (i) control group (information leaflet on EDCs), (ii) intervention group in neutral location (information leaflet and workshops in a meeting room), and (iii) intervention group in contextualized location (information leaflet and workshops in a real apartment). Workshops are organized between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Main outcome is the percentage of participants who reported consuming manufactured/industrial food. Secondary outcomes are as follows: (i) psycho-social dimensions, (ii) EDC concentrations in urine, (iii) EDC concentration in colostrum, and (iv) percentage of participants who reported consuming paraben-free personal care products. DISCUSSION PREVED is a ground-breaking intervention research project dedicated to perinatal environmental health education that aims to identify pollutant sources in daily life and to offer accessible and realistic alternative solutions, by promoting the sharing of know-how and experience in a positive and non-alarmist approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT03233984 (current status: ongoing). Retrospectively registered on 31 July 2017 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03233984 ) because when the first participant was enrolled in this non-drug intervention, ClinicalTrials.gov was centered in therapeutic trials. The World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set is in Additional file 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria El. Ouazzani
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
- BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
| | - Steeve Rouillon
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
- BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- UMR CNRS 7285, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Venisse
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
| | - Lynda Sifer-Rivière
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Research Center of Medicine, Sciences, Health and Society (Cermes 3), EHESS, University of Paris Descartes, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
- BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
| | - Guillaume Cambien
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Sarah Ayraud-Thevenot
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gourgues
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
| | - Pascale Pierre-Eugène
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
| | - Sylvie Rabouan
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - DisProSE Group
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
- BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- UMR CNRS 7285, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
- Research Center of Medicine, Sciences, Health and Society (Cermes 3), EHESS, University of Paris Descartes, Villejuif, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
| | - Virginie Migeot
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
- BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
| | - Marion Albouy-Llaty
- Health-Endocrine Disruptors-EXposome (HEDEX), INSERM-CIC1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
- BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France
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The Role of Iron and Zinc in the Treatment of ADHD among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114059. [PMID: 34836314 PMCID: PMC8618748 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder common from childhood to adulthood, affecting 5% to 12% among the general population in developed countries. Potential etiological factors have been identified, including genetic causes, environmental elements and epigenetic components. Nutrition is currently considered an influencing factor, and several studies have explored the contribution of restriction and dietary supplements in ADHD treatments. Iron is an essential cofactor required for a number of functions, such as transport of oxygen, immune function, cellular respiration, neurotransmitter metabolism (dopamine production), and DNA synthesis. Zinc is also an essential trace element, required for cellular functions related to the metabolism of neurotransmitters, melatonin, and prostaglandins. Epidemiological studies have found that iron and zinc deficiencies are common nutritional deficits worldwide, with important roles on neurologic functions (poor memory, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness), finicky appetite, and mood changes (sadness and irritability). Altered levels of iron and zinc have been related with the aggravation and progression of ADHD. Objective: This is a systematic review focused on the contribution of iron and zinc in the progression of ADHD among children and adolescents, and how therapies including these elements are tolerated along with its effectiveness (according to PRISMA guidelines). Method: The scientific literature was screened for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 to July 2021. The databases consulted were Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk of bias (CONSORT, NICE, and Cochrane checklists used). Conclusion: Nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected. Evidence was obtained regarding the contribution of iron-zinc supplementation in the treatment of ADHD among young individuals. The discussion was focused on how the deficits of these elements contribute to affectation on multiple ADHD correlates, and potential mechanisms explaining the mediational pathways. Evidence also suggested that treating ADHD with diet interventions might be particularly useful for specific subgroups of children and adolescents, but further investigations of the effects of these diet interventions are needed.
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Vandenberg LN, Pelch KE. Systematic Review Methodologies and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Improving Evaluations of the Plastic Monomer Bisphenol A. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:748-764. [PMID: 34610783 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666211005163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in plastics, personal care products, household items, and other consumer goods. Risk assessments are intended to characterize a chemical's hazards, identify the doses at which adverse outcomes are observed, quantify exposure levels, and then compare these doses to determine the likelihood of risk in a given population. There are many problems with risk assessments for EDCs, allowing people to be exposed to levels that are later associated with serious health outcomes in epidemiology studies. OBJECTIVE In this review, we examine issues that affect the evaluation of EDCs in risk assessments (e.g., use of insensitive rodent strains and absence of disease-oriented outcomes in hazard assessments; inadequate exposure assessments). We then review one well-studied chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA; CAS #80-05-7) an EDC found in plastics, food packaging, and other consumer products. More than one hundred epidemiology studies suggest associations between BPA exposures and adverse health outcomes in environmentally exposed human populations. FINDINGS We present support for the use of systematic review methodologies in the evaluation of BPA and other EDCs. Systematic reviews would allow studies to be evaluated for their reliability and risk of bias. They would also allow all data to be used in risk assessments, which is a requirement for some regulatory agencies. CONCLUSION Systematic review methodologies can be used to improve evaluations of BPA and other EDCs. Their use could help to restore faith in risk assessments and ensure that all data are utilized in decision-making. Regulatory agencies are urged to conduct transparent, well-documented and proper systematic reviews for BPA and other EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, United States
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22
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Bernard L, Bouattour Y, Masse M, Boeuf B, Decaudin B, Genay S, Lambert C, Moreau E, Pereira B, Pinguet J, Richard D, Sautou V. Reply to Otter et al. Comment on "Bernard et al. Association between Urinary Metabolites and the Exposure of Intensive Care Newborns to Plasticizers of Medical Devices Used for Their Care Management. Metabolites 2021, 11, 252". Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090598. [PMID: 34564413 PMCID: PMC8465745 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.B.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yassine Bouattour
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.B.); (Y.B.)
| | - Morgane Masse
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 GRITA, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.M.); (B.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Benoît Boeuf
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Réanimation Pédiatrique et Périnatalogie, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Bertrand Decaudin
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 GRITA, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.M.); (B.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Stéphanie Genay
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 GRITA, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.M.); (B.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Céline Lambert
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.L.); (B.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Moreau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1240, IMOST, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.L.); (B.P.)
| | - Jérémy Pinguet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Unité INSERM 1107 Neuro-Dol, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Damien Richard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Unité INSERM 1107 Neuro-Dol, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Valérie Sautou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.B.); (Y.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Bahado-Singh RO, Vishweswaraiah S, Aydas B, Radhakrishna U. Artificial intelligence and placental DNA methylation: newborn prediction and molecular mechanisms of autism in preterm children. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:8150-8159. [PMID: 34404318 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1963704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with a complex genetic and epigenomic etiology. DNA methylation is the most extensively studied epigenomic mechanism and correlates with altered gene expression. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool for group segregation and for handling the large volume of data generated in omics experiments. METHODS We performed genome-wide methylation analysis for differential methylation of cytosine nucleotide (CpG) was performed in 20 postpartum placental tissue samples from preterm births. Ten newborns went on to develop autism (Autistic Disorder subtype) and there were 10 unaffected controls. AI including Deep Learning (AI-DL) platforms were used to identify and rank cytosine methylation markers for ASD detection. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify genes and molecular pathways that were dysregulated in autism. RESULTS We identified 4870 CpG loci comprising 2868 genes that were significantly differentially methylated in ASD compared to controls. Of these 431 CpGs met the stringent EWAS threshold (p-value <5 × 10-8) along with ≥10% methylation difference between CpGs in cases and controls. DL accurately predicted autism with an AUC (95% CI) of 1.00 (1-1) and sensitivity and specificity of 100% using a combination of 5 CpGs [cg13858611 (NRN1), cg09228833 (ZNF217), cg06179765 (GPNMB), cg08814105 (NKX2-5), cg27092191 (ZNF267)] CpG markers. IPA identified five prenatally dysregulated molecular pathways linked to ASD. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides substantial evidence that epigenetic differences in placental tissue are associated with autism development and raises the prospect of early and accurate detection of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Buket Aydas
- Department of Healthcare Analytics, Meridian Health Plans, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A). In this review, we discuss recent works regarding EDC occurrence in the aquatic compartment, strengths and limitations of current analytical methods used for their detection, treatment technologies for their removal from water, and the health issues that they can trigger in humans. Nowadays, many EDCs have been identified in significant amounts in different water matrices including drinking water, thus increasing the possibility of entering the food chain. Several studies correlate human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with serious effects such as infertility, thyroid dysfunction, early puberty, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Although our intention is not to explain all disorders related to EDCs exposure, this review aims to guide future research towards a deeper knowledge of EDCs’ contamination and accumulation in water, highlighting their toxicity and exposure risks to humans.
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Abstract
Pregnancy and early childhood are periods with high plasticity in neurological development. Environmental perturbations during these sensitive windows can have lifelong developmental consequences. This review summarizes key findings relevant to the effects of air pollution on neurological development. Mounting evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution, both during pregnancy and childhood, is associated with childhood developmental outcomes ranging from changes in brain structures to subclinical deficits in developmental test scores, and, ultimately, developmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders or autism spectrum disorders. Although the biological mechanisms of effects remain to be elucidated, multiple pathways are probably involved and include oxidative stress, inflammation, and/or endocrine disruption. Given the alarming global increase in developmental disorders in recent years, and increased human exposures to pollution, it is critical to reduce personal and community-level exposures through tight collaboration of interdisciplinary and multi-level bodies including community partners, physicians, industry partners, policy makers, public health practitioners, and researchers. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Exposure to air pollution is associated with a range of childhood developmental complications. Biological mechanisms may include oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandie Ha
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, Health Science Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Nigg JT, Sibley MH, Thapar A, Karalunas SL. Development of ADHD: Etiology, Heterogeneity, and Early Life Course. ANNUAL REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 2:559-583. [PMID: 34368774 PMCID: PMC8336725 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-060320-093413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ADHD represents a powerful entry point for developmental approaches to psychopathology due to its major role in early emergence of major life problems. One key issue concerns the role of early environmental risks in etiology and maintenance in the context of genetic liability. Here, psychosocial aspects of development need more attention. A second key issue is that phenotypic heterogeneity requires better resolution if actionable causal mechanisms are to be effectively identified. Here, the interplay of cognition and emotion in the context of a temperament lens is one helpful way forward. A third key issue is the poorly understood yet somewhat striking bifurcation of developmental course in adolescence, when a subgroup seem to have largely benign outcomes, while a larger group continue on a problematic path. A final integrative question concerns the most effective conceptualization of the disorder in relation to broader dysregulation. Key scientific priorities are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Nigg
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Margaret H Sibley
- University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
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27
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Nigg JT, Sibley MH, Thapar A, Karalunas SL. Development of ADHD: Etiology, Heterogeneity, and Early Life Course. ANNUAL REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 34368774 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
ADHD represents a powerful entry point for developmental approaches to psychopathology due to its major role in early emergence of major life problems. One key issue concerns the role of early environmental risks in etiology and maintenance in the context of genetic liability. Here, psychosocial aspects of development need more attention. A second key issue is that phenotypic heterogeneity requires better resolution if actionable causal mechanisms are to be effectively identified. Here, the interplay of cognition and emotion in the context of a temperament lens is one helpful way forward. A third key issue is the poorly understood yet somewhat striking bifurcation of developmental course in adolescence, when a subgroup seem to have largely benign outcomes, while a larger group continue on a problematic path. A final integrative question concerns the most effective conceptualization of the disorder in relation to broader dysregulation. Key scientific priorities are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Nigg
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
| | - Margaret H Sibley
- University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
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28
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Bisphenol A Deranges the Endocannabinoid System of Primary Sertoli Cells with an Impact on Inhibin B Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238986. [PMID: 33256105 PMCID: PMC7730056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that negatively affects spermatogenesis, a process where Sertoli cells play a central role. Thus, in the present study we sought to ascertain whether BPA could modulate the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in exposed mouse primary Sertoli cells. Under our experimental conditions, BPA turned out to be cytotoxic to Sertoli cells with an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ~6.0 µM. Exposure to a non-cytotoxic dose of BPA (i.e., 0.5 μM for 48 h) increased the expression levels of specific components of the eCB system, namely: type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor and diacylglycerol lipase-α (DAGL-α), at mRNA level, type-2 cannabinoid (CB2) receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors, and DAGL-β, at protein level. Interestingly, BPA also increased the production of inhibin B, but not that of transferrin, and blockade of either CB2 receptor or TRPV1 receptor further enhanced the BPA effect. Altogether, our study provides unprecedented evidence that BPA deranges the eCB system of Sertoli cells towards CB2- and TRPV1-dependent signal transduction, both receptors being engaged in modulating BPA effects on inhibin B production. These findings add CB2 and TRPV1 receptors, and hence the eCB signaling, to the other molecular targets of BPA already known in mammalian cells.
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29
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Assessing the impacts on fetal dosimetry of the modelling of the placental transfers of xenobiotics in a pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115318. [PMID: 33160985 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The developmental origin of health and diseases theory supports the critical role of the fetal exposure to children's health. We developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for human pregnancy (pPBPK) to simulate the maternal and fetal dosimetry throughout pregnancy. Four models of the placental exchanges of chemicals were assessed on ten chemicals for which maternal and fetal data were available. These models were calibrated using non-animal methods: in vitro (InV) or ex vivo (ExV) data, a semi-empirical relationship (SE), or the limitation by the placental perfusion (PL). They did not impact the maternal pharmacokinetics but provided different profiles in the fetus. The PL and InV models performed well even if the PL model overpredicted the fetal exposure for some substances. The SE and ExV models showed the lowest global performance and the SE model a tendency to underprediction. The comparison of the profiles showed that the PL model predicted an increase in the fetal exposure with the pregnancy age, whereas the ExV model predicted a decrease. For the SE and InV models, a small decrease was predicted during the second trimester. All models but the ExV one, presented the highest fetal exposure at the end of the third trimester. Global sensitivity analyses highlighted the predominant influence of the placental transfers on the fetal exposure, as well as the metabolic clearance and the fraction unbound. Finally, the four transfer models could be considered depending on the framework of the use of the pPBPK model and the availability of data or resources to inform their parametrization.
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Hollander JA, Cory-Slechta DA, Jacka FN, Szabo ST, Guilarte TR, Bilbo SD, Mattingly CJ, Moy SS, Haroon E, Hornig M, Levin ED, Pletnikov MV, Zehr JL, McAllister KA, Dzierlenga AL, Garton AE, Lawler CP, Ladd-Acosta C. Beyond the looking glass: recent advances in understanding the impact of environmental exposures on neuropsychiatric disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1086-1096. [PMID: 32109936 PMCID: PMC7234981 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The etiologic pathways leading to neuropsychiatric diseases remain poorly defined. As genomic technologies have advanced over the past several decades, considerable progress has been made linking neuropsychiatric disorders to genetic underpinnings. Interest and consideration of nongenetic risk factors (e.g., lead exposure and schizophrenia) have, in contrast, lagged behind heritable frameworks of explanation. Thus, the association of neuropsychiatric illness to environmental chemical exposure, and their potential interactions with genetic susceptibility, are largely unexplored. In this review, we describe emerging approaches for considering the impact of chemical risk factors acting alone and in concert with genetic risk, and point to the potential role of epigenetics in mediating exposure effects on transcription of genes implicated in mental disorders. We highlight recent examples of research in nongenetic risk factors in psychiatric disorders that point to potential shared biological mechanisms-synaptic dysfunction, immune alterations, and gut-brain interactions. We outline new tools and resources that can be harnessed for the study of environmental factors in psychiatric disorders. These tools, combined with emerging experimental evidence, suggest that there is a need to broadly incorporate environmental exposures in psychiatric research, with the ultimate goal of identifying modifiable risk factors and informing new treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Hollander
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Box EHSC, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- iMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven T Szabo
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tomás R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ebrahim Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia L Zehr
- Developmental Mechanisms and Trajectories of Psychopathology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A McAllister
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anika L Dzierlenga
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Amanda E Garton
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cindy P Lawler
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology and Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Krebs MO, Demars F, Frajerman A, Kebir O, Jay T. [Neurodevelopment and cannabis]. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2020; 204:561-569. [PMID: 32308209 PMCID: PMC7162744 DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain development is a complex phenomenon, stretching from fetal life to adolescence, during which brain maturation proceeds through a series of ordered events including critical periods of plasticity. The brain is particularly sensitive to the environment during these changes. The endocannabinoid system participates directly and indirectly in these plasticity and maturation processes. The main psychoactive component of cannabis, the delta-9-tetrahydrocanabinol, can cross the placental barrier, is present in breastmilk and diffuses in the brain. It interacts with the endocannabinoid signaling, especially through the activation of cannabinoid receptors 1 CB1R, which can lead to abnormal neurodevelopmental processes and neuronal circuits functions. Therefore, exposure to cannabis in utero, in perinatal phase, as well as during the adolescence disrupts the brain maturation and can cause disturbances on the cognitive, psychotic and addictive levels that persist far beyond the period of exposure. Several factors modulate the risk of such complications, but studies performed in animal models as well as in human cohorts have shown that exposure during both the critical perinatal and adolescence phases is a risk factor per se. Current knowledge encourages the dissemination of objective information to young people, to prevent and limit early exposure and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.-O. Krebs
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire évaluation, prévention et innovation thérapeutique, centre d’évaluation pour jeunes adultes et adolescents (CJAAD), GHU psychiatrie et neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - F. Demars
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire évaluation, prévention et innovation thérapeutique, centre d’évaluation pour jeunes adultes et adolescents (CJAAD), GHU psychiatrie et neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - A. Frajerman
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire évaluation, prévention et innovation thérapeutique, centre d’évaluation pour jeunes adultes et adolescents (CJAAD), GHU psychiatrie et neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - O. Kebir
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire évaluation, prévention et innovation thérapeutique, centre d’évaluation pour jeunes adultes et adolescents (CJAAD), GHU psychiatrie et neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire 15è, service d’addictologie, GHU psychiatrie et neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - T. Jay
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire évaluation, prévention et innovation thérapeutique, centre d’évaluation pour jeunes adultes et adolescents (CJAAD), GHU psychiatrie et neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
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Browne P, Van Der Wal L, Gourmelon A. OECD approaches and considerations for regulatory evaluation of endocrine disruptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110675. [PMID: 31830512 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the potential endocrine disruptor hazard of environmental chemicals is a regulatory mandate for many countries. However, due to the adaptive nature of the endocrine system, absence of a single method capable of identifying endocrine disruption, and the latency between exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical during sensitive life stages and the manifestation of adverse responses, satisfying the regulatory requirement needed to identify a chemical as an endocrine disruptor is a challenge. There are now a variety of validated regulatory tests that can be used in combination to provide evidence that a chemical affects the oestrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenic pathways of vertebrates, but most rely (at least to some extent) on animal testing and require considerable cost and time to produce the necessary data. Emerging research methods are able to evaluate other endocrine pathways, incorporate more sensitive endpoints, and combine multiple alternative methods to predict in vivo outcomes. Some research approaches may also bridge gaps that have been identified in current endocrine regulatory testing. For the near term, considering new endpoints in a regulatory context may require adding them to existing test methods in order to establish relationships between the traditional and the innovative. From the outset, endocrine testing has always required integration of multiple methods that provide data on different levels of biological organisation, thus, the area of endocrine disruption is particularly adaptable to adverse outcome pathway (AOP) frameworks and integrated test methods built around AOPs. Herein, we provide a review of the status of endocrine disruptors in the OECD context, examples where innovation from research is needed to improve or bridge gaps in endocrine testing, and suggestions for regulators and researchers to facilitate uptake of innovate methods for endocrine disruptor regulatory testing. The increase in several human complex human disorders that include an endocrine component and the alarming decrease in wildlife biodiversity are commanding directives to include the best, most informative, innovative approaches to accelerate the rate and throughput of chemical evaluation for endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Browne
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Environment Directorate, Paris, France.
| | - Leon Van Der Wal
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Environment Directorate, Paris, France
| | - Anne Gourmelon
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Environment Directorate, Paris, France
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Poletti M, Gebhardt E, Pelizza L, Preti A, Raballo A. Looking at Intergenerational Risk Factors in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: New Frontiers for Early Vulnerability Identification? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:566683. [PMID: 33192689 PMCID: PMC7649773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) constitute a special population with a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders, which is also highly prevalent among referrals to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). They often exhibit more or less subclinical conditions of vulnerability, fueled by mutually potentiating combinations of risk factors, such as presumed genetic risk, poor or inadequate affective and cognitive parenting, and low socio-economic status. Despite this evidence, neither specific preventive programs for offspring of parents with SMI are usually implemented in CAMHS, nor dedicated supportive programs for parenting are generally available in adult mental health services (AMHS). Needless to say, while both service systems tend to focus on individual recovery and clinical management (rather than on the whole family system), these blind spots add up to frequent gaps in communication and continuity of care between CAMHS and AMHS. This is particularly problematic in an age-range in which an offspring's vulnerabilities encounter the highest epidemiological peak of incident risk of SMI. This paper offers a clinical-conceptual perspective aimed to disentangle the complex intertwine of intergenerational risk factors that contribute to the risk of developing SMI in offspring, taking schizophrenia spectrum disorders as a paradigmatic example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Poletti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addiction, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Eva Gebhardt
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Roma 4, Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pelizza
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addiction, Azienda USL di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Section of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Center for Translational, Phenomenological and Developmental Psychopathology, Perugia University Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Ordóñez-Iriarte JM. [Mental health and environmental health. A prospective view. SESPAS Report 2020]. GACETA SANITARIA 2020; 34 Suppl 1:68-75. [PMID: 32690344 PMCID: PMC7367770 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the dawn of psychiatry, the environment has been an essential factor in the study and understanding of mental illness. Traditionally, the interrelationship between genome and environment has been a central theme in research on the etiopathogenesis of mental health problems and in the very conception of mental health. In its application to psychopathology and mental health, psychiatric enviromics was defined as «the study of environmental conditions and processes that promote mental health or increase the risk of developing mental disorders». However, environmental health -at least in Spain and in connection with its powers within the Spanish General Health System- has paid attention to aspects pertaining to risks associated with the physical, chemical and biological pollution of the air, the water and the ground, as well as to its correlation with food pollution. Although environmental risks such as air quality, extreme temperatures, noise, climate change and various environmental toxicants can play a particularly important role, they can hardly be identified as single etiopathogenic elements. This work reviews the recent literature on environmental research and problems of psychiatric morbidity and mortality. Although the results are inconclusive, future lines of research should consider a more agile interdisciplinary collaboration, allowing, on the one hand, a better understanding of mental illness and, on the other hand, to be able to shift from "traditional" environmental health to an environmental health that takes social environmental factors into account and seriously addresses the still little studied concept of "social pollution".
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Ordóñez-Iriarte
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid; Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Francisco de Vitorid; Sociedad Española de Sanidad Ambiental (SESA), Madrid, España.
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