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Amat-Camposo R, Riquelme-Gallego B, Soto-Méndez MJ, Hernández-Ruiz Á. [Relationship between diet, nutritional aspects and sleep quality in a pediatric population]. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:462-476. [PMID: 37929855 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between diet and sleep has been studied in adults. However, there is little evidence in the pediatric population. The objective of this review was to analyze in a narrative way the relationship between diet, some nutritional aspects and sleep quality in population under 14 years. A quick review was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Cochrane with a search strategy combining MeSH terms and keywords. Studies were selected to estimate diet and evaluate nutritional status and sleep in children using different tools. The risk of bias from the 14 selected studies was determined with validated tools (AMSTAR 2, Newcastle Ottawa scale [NOS] and Risk of Bias [Rob2]). Adherence to some dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean, high consumption of fruits and vegetables, tryptophan intake or substitution of saturated fatty acids by unsaturated fats were associated with better sleep quality. The consumption of ultra-processed products, the "unhealthy fast food" or the high intake of simple sugars hinder an adequate rest. On the other hand, an association between a high body mass index and lack of sleep was observed in young people under 14. In conclusion, the collected studies showed a significant association between some dietary patterns, food groups and nutrients with sleep quality. "Unhealthy" dietary factors were associated with poorer sleep quality. However, healthier and recommended habits and diets were associated with improved sleep hygiene. On the other hand, the lack of hours of rest in the youth population increases height, weight and BMI. Further research is needed in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Riquelme-Gallego
- Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Ceuta.Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA)
| | | | - Ángela Hernández-Ruiz
- Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición (FINUT). Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad de Valladolid
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2
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Singh K, Armstrong SC, Wagner BE, Counts J, Skinner A, Kay M, Li JS, Shah S, Zucker N, Neshteruk C, Story M, Suarez L, Kraus WE, Zizzi AR, Dunn J. Physical activity and sleep changes among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:70. [PMID: 38493216 PMCID: PMC10944532 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Daily routines, including in-person school and extracurricular activities, are important for maintaining healthy physical activity and sleep habits in children. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted daily routines as in-person school and activities closed to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to examine and assess differences in objectively measured physical activity levels and sleep patterns from wearable sensors in children with obesity before, during, and after a period of school and extracurricular activity closures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared average step count and sleep patterns (using the Mann-Whitney U Test) before and during the pandemic-associated school closures by using data from activity tracker wristbands (Garmin VivoFit 3). Data were collected from 94 children (aged 5-17) with obesity, who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial testing a community-based lifestyle intervention for a duration of 12-months. During the period that in-person school and extracurricular activities were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, children with obesity experienced objectively-measured decreases in physical activity, and sleep duration. From March 15, 2020 to March 31, 2021, corresponding with local school closures, average daily step count decreased by 1655 steps. Sleep onset and wake time were delayed by about an hour and 45 min, respectively, while sleep duration decreased by over 12 min as compared with the pre-closure period. Step counts increased with the resumption of in-person activities. These findings provide objective evidence for parents, clinicians, and public health professionals on the importance of in-person daily activities and routines on health behaviors, particularly for children with pre-existing obesity. Trial Registration: Clinical trial registration: NCT03339440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnika Singh
- Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brooke E Wagner
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie Counts
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Asheley Skinner
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Kay
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer S Li
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svati Shah
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancy Zucker
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cody Neshteruk
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Story
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lilianna Suarez
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra R Zizzi
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Department of Biostatistics, Durham, NC, USA.
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Lin CJ, Chang LY, Wu CC, Chang HY. The effect of childhood depression trajectories on sugar-sweetened beverage habit trajectories in adolescence: Exploring sleep problems as a mediator. Appetite 2024; 194:107199. [PMID: 38160733 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Although depression has been linked to the habit of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), little is known about their long-term relationships and the mediating role of sleep problems. This study examines the associations between childhood depressive symptoms trajectories and adolescent SSB-habit trajectories and whether these associations were mediated by sleep problems. Data came from 1560 adolescents participating in a longitudinal study across grades 1 through 12 in northern Taiwan. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify development of childhood depressive symptoms and an SSB habit in adolescence. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the influence of childhood depressive symptoms and adolescent SSB habit. Mediation analysis was conducted to test whether sleep problems mediated the associations examined. Four distinct trajectories of childhood depressive symptoms were identified: low-stable (30.79%), moderate-stable (42.32%), increasing (12.29%), and high-stable (11.60%). Three distinct trajectories of SSB habit in adolescence were identified: low-stable (44.32%), increasing (15.02%), and high-stable (40.65%). Children who had moderate-stable (aOR = 1.35; CI: 1.04-1.77), high-stable (aOR = 2.01; CI: 1.28-3.15), or increasing (aOR = 1.97; CI: 1.26-3.06) trajectories of depressive symptoms relative to those in the low-stable group were significantly more likely to belong to the high-stable trajectory of SSBs than to the low-stable SSBs group. The Z-mediation test showed that sleep problems significantly mediated the associations between trajectories of childhood depressive symptoms and trajectories of SSBs during adolescence (all p < 0.05). Childhood depressive symptoms conferred risks for adolescent SSB habits; and the effects were seen, in part, through increasing sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ji Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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4
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Gale EL, James Williams A, Cecil JE. The relationship between multiple sleep dimensions and obesity in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 73:101875. [PMID: 38029462 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an involuntary behaviour, biologically fundamental to survival and wellbeing. However, sleep is increasingly neglected, with significant health implications. Recent research has identified associations between sleep duration, quality, timing and risk of overweight/obesity in children and adults. The aim of this review was to systematically identify and examine research that investigates the relationships between multiple objective and subjective sleep outcomes and objective adiposity measures in adolescents. A systematic review of literature, published to December 2022, was conducted using ten bibliographic databases. Search terms included objective and subjective sleep/circadian rhythm outcomes, objective adiposity measurements, and adolescents aged 8-18 years. Eighty-nine studies were included in the final review. Sleep outcomes were synthesized into three sleep domains: pre-sleep, during sleep and post-sleep outcomes. In summary, pre-sleep outcomes (including poor sleep hygiene, later chronotype and increased variability and later sleep timings) and increased sleep disturbance are consistently significantly associated with increased obesity and adiposity in adolescents. The relationship between during-sleep outcomes (sleep quality and efficiency) with adiposity and obesity measures was mixed. These findings suggest that adapting an individual's schedule to best suit chronotype preference and improving sleep hygiene, including a consistent bedtime routine, could reduce adiposity and obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Louise Gale
- School of Medicine, Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Andrew James Williams
- School of Medicine, Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Joanne E Cecil
- School of Medicine, Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
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5
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Dunn J, Singh K, Armstrong S, Wagner B, Counts J, Skinner A, Kay M, Li J, Shah S, Zucker N, Neshteruk C, Suarez L, Kraus W, Zizzi A. Physical activity and sleep changes among children with obesity during a period of school closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3293474. [PMID: 37790374 PMCID: PMC10543530 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3293474/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Daily routines, including in-person school and extracurricular activities, are important for maintaining healthy physical activity and sleep habits in children. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted daily routines as in-person school and activities closed to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to examine and assess differences in objectively measured physical activity levels and sleep patterns from wearable sensors in children with obesity before, during, and after a period of school and extracurricular activity closures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared average step count and sleep patterns (using the Mann Whitney U Test) before and during the pandemic-associated school closures by using data from activity tracker wristbands (Garmin VivoFit 3). Data was collected from 94 children (aged 5-17) with obesity, who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial testing a community-based lifestyle intervention for a duration of 12-months. During the period that in-person school and extracurricular activities were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, children with obesity experienced objectively-measured decreases in physical activity, and sleep duration. From March 15, 2020 to March 31, 2021, corresponding with local school closures, average daily step count decreased by 1,655 steps. Sleep onset and wake time were delayed by about an hour and 45 minutes, respectively, while sleep duration decreased by over 12 minutes as compared with the pre-closure period. Step counts increased with the resumption of in-person activities. These findings provide objective evidence for parents, clinicians, and public health professionals on the importance of in-person daily activities and routines on health behaviors, particularly for children with pre-existing obesity. We demonstrate the utility of wearable sensors in objectively measuring longitudinal physical activity and sleep behavior patterns in children with obesity and in quantifying changes in their health behaviors due to disruption of structured, daily routines following in-person school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial Registration Clinical trial registration: NCT03339440.
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Zapata-Lamana R, Ibarra-Mora J, Carrasco-Marín F, Durán-Agüero S, Cuevas-Aburto J, Parra-Rizo MA, Cigarroa I. Low Sleep Hygiene Is Associated with Less Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Chilean Schoolchildren from Rural Public Schools-A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1499. [PMID: 37761460 PMCID: PMC10529217 DOI: 10.3390/children10091499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet stands as a widely acknowledged and health-promoting dietary pattern, renowned for its notable linkage to the mitigation of noncommunicable chronic maladies. Nonetheless, the existing body of evidence concerning the potential interrelation between sleep hygiene and this dietary regimen remains circumscribed. The main objective was to determine the association between sleep hygiene and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Chilean schoolchildren from rural public schools in southern Chile. A non-experimental study was carried out, with an analytical, cross-sectional design. A total of 265 students (56.6% women, mean age 13.5 ± 1.8) from a rural community in southern Chile were recruited. Sleep habits were evaluated using Section 6 of the Life Habits and Adolescence Questionnaire, Sleep and Rest, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the KIDMED Mediterranean Diet Adherence Questionnaire. The main results indicated that 52.8% of schoolchildren need to improve adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 16.6% have a low-quality Mediterranean diet. A high percentage of schoolchildren have behaviors related to poor sleep hygiene (going to bed late (46%), waking up tired and wanting to continue sleeping (63.8%), and having problems falling asleep (42.6%)). Schoolchildren who got up after 8:30 a.m., those who fell asleep after midnight, upon conducting a comparative analysis of the students based on their sleep patterns, those who woke up tired and those who had trouble falling asleep had a lower level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared to schoolchildren who got up earlier than 8:30 a.m., fell asleep before midnight, did not wake up tired, and those who did not find it difficult to fall asleep, respectively. In conclusion, having poor sleep patterns including difficulties in both awakening and falling asleep are associated with less adherence to the Mediterranean diet in schoolchildren from rural public schools in southern Chile. Monitoring these variables and promoting healthy lifestyle habits within the educational community are essential measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Ibarra-Mora
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 8330106, Chile;
| | | | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8330106, Chile;
| | | | - Maria Antonia Parra-Rizo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Igor Cigarroa
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
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Ghemrawi R, Kerek R, Kayed K, Aldulaymi R, Ramadan A, Khair M. Association between visual impairment and sleep duration in college students: A study conducted in UAE and Lebanon. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:228-234. [PMID: 33759709 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1888738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether self-reported sleep duration and visual impairment were associated among College students. Participants: Students (n = 1002, age 17-35 years) from Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Students were asked to complete a validated questionnaire between October 2018 and May 2019. The questions were related to sociodemographics, lifestyle characteristics, visual impairment status, sleeping pattern, mobile-phone use and chronic conditions. Results: 18.3% of the respondents reported to suffer from visual impairment. Among them, 72.7% were females (p < .001), 65% admitted to frequently use mobile phones before sleeping (p < .001), 54.6% reported to sleep less than 7 h (p = .008) and 71.6% reported to suffer from sleep disturbances (p = .05). Visual impairment was associated with poor sleep quality (p < .001), mobile phone use before sleeping (p < .01) and daily stress (p < .05). Conclusion: Visual impairment in college students is associated with short sleep duration, mobile phone use before sleeping and stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ghemrawi
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Racha Kerek
- Faculty of Sciences, Jinan University, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Kawthar Kayed
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Azza Ramadan
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mostafa Khair
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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8
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Drumheller K, Fan CW. Unprecedented times and uncertain connections: A systematic review examining sleep problems and screentime during the COVID-19 pandemic. SLEEP EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:100029. [PMID: 35692715 PMCID: PMC9076584 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sleep has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. Furthermore, screen time has been reported to influence sleep and has increased during pandemic quarantines. This systematic review searched databases to determine if screen time affected sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods PubMed, Nursing and Allied Health Proquest, and Science Direct Health and Lifescience college edition were searched for articles that fit the inclusion criteria. There were 2750 articles initially screened. Then, 119 articles were further assessed to determine eligibility, creating a final sample of 18 articles that explored whether screen time affected sleep. Results After reviewing the included articles (n = 18), the main theme revealed that screen time negatively affected sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically aspects such as sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep onset latency, and wake time. However, several articles countered this implication. Therefore, it is important to consider other factors that may influence the relationship between screen time and sleep. Conclusions Although the number of articles included is limited, the overall synthesis suggests that COVID-19-related lifestyle changes, such as increased screen time, may negatively affect sleep health. However, other unidentified factors may have contributed to these findings and warrant further research. Nonetheless, community leaders must consider the long-term consequences of the pandemic and implement initiatives to address sleep challenges due to the intricate connection between sleep and well-being.
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Castro N, Bates LC, Zieff G, Pagan Lassalle P, Faulkner J, Lark S, Hamlin M, Skidmore P, Signal TL, Williams MA, Higgins S, Stoner L. Adiposity in preadolescent children: Associations with cardiorespiratory fitness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275982. [PMID: 36288267 PMCID: PMC9605025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors contribute to childhood obesity risk, however it is unclear which lifestyle factors are most strongly associated with childhood obesity. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to simultaneously investigate the associations among dietary patterns, activity behaviors, and physical fitness with adiposity (body fat %, fat mass, body mass index [BMI], and waist to hip ratio) in preadolescent children. Preadolescent children (N = 392, 50% female, age: 9.5 ± 1.1year, BMI: 17.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) were recruited. Body fat (%) and fat mass (kg) were measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max), muscular strength (hand-grip strength), activity, sleep, and dietary pattern was assessed. Multivariable analysis revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness associated most strongly with all four indicators of adiposity (body fat (%) (β = -0.2; p < .001), fat mass (β = -0.2; p < .001), BMI (β = -0.1; p < .001) and waist to hip ratio (β = -0.2; p < .001). Additionally, fruit and vegetable consumption patterns were associated with body fat percentage, but the association was negligible (β = 0.1; p = 0.015). Therefore, future interventions should aim to promote the use of cardiorespiratory fitness as a means of reducing the obesity epidemic in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Castro
- School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States of America
| | - Lauren C. Bates
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabriel Zieff
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Patricia Pagan Lassalle
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - James Faulkner
- School of Sport, Health, and Community, University of Winchester, Winchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Lark
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael Hamlin
- Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paula Skidmore
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T. Leigh Signal
- Sleep-Wake Research Centre, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michelle A. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Simon Higgins
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Saunders TJ, McIsaac T, Campbell J, Douillette K, Janssen I, Tomasone JR, Ross-White A, Prince SA, Chaput JP. Timing of sedentary behaviour and access to sedentary activities in the bedroom and their association with sleep quality and duration in children and youth: a systematic review. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2022; 42:139-149. [PMID: 35481336 PMCID: PMC9116723 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.42.4.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to systematically review the relationship between the timing of sedentary behaviours and access to sedentary activities in the bedroom with sleep duration and quality in children and youth. A secondary purpose was to examine whether these relationships differ when comparing screen-based and non-screen-based sedentary activities. METHODS We searched four databases for peer-reviewed studies published between 1 January 2010 and 19 January 2021. Risk of bias assessment for each study and certainty of evidence were assessed using the GRADE framework. RESULTS We identified 44 eligible papers reporting data from 42 separate datasets and including 239 267 participants. Evening participation in screen-based sedentary behaviours and access to screen-based devices in the bedroom were associated with reduced sleep duration and quality. Daytime screen use was also associated with reduced sleep duration, although this was examined in relatively few studies. Whether performed during the day or night, non-screen-based sedentary behaviours were not consistently associated with sleep duration or quality. The quality of evidence was rated as low to very low for all outcomes. CONCLUSION In order to maximize sleep duration and quality, children and youth should be encouraged to minimize screen time in the evening and remove screens from bedrooms. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42020189082).
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Travis McIsaac
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Jenny Campbell
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Kevin Douillette
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Ross-White
- Queen's University Library, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Xi Y, Lin Q, Yang Q, Li F, Liu H, Luo J, Ouyang Y, Sun M, Yong C, Xiang C, Zheng W. Association between Free Sugars Intake and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among Chinese Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113959. [PMID: 34836214 PMCID: PMC8618473 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and explore the association between free sugars intake and EDS. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1517 middle school students (808 boys and 707 girls) aged 12~14 years were recruited. The study was conducted in Changsha city, China. Adolescents completed an online questionnaire, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep characteristics, a 12-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and other self-reported information. The ESS score ≥ ten was defined as EDS. The anthropometric indices, including height, weight, and waist circumference, were measured and recorded by uniformly trained assistants. Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression model. The mean ESS score and free sugars consumption were 6.8 ± 3.9 points and 53.1 ± 44.7 g/d, respectively. The prevalence of EDS among adolescents was 22.5%, and more girls than boys had EDS (26.1% vs. 19.4%, p < 0.05). An exceeded free sugars intake was positively associated with EDS, with the adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with its 95% Confident Interval (95% CI) of 1.366 (1.060~1.761, p < 0.05). EDS and excessive consumption of free sugars are commonly found among Chinese adolescents. Further studies are needed to confirm whether free sugars restriction can be meaningful to improve daytime drowsiness in those with EDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Qiping Yang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China;
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Yufeng Ouyang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Minghui Sun
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Cuiting Yong
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Caihong Xiang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
| | - Wenya Zheng
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.X.); (Q.L.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-199-7985-1193
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Jacobs J, Crooks N, Allender S, Strugnell C, Backholer K, Nichols M. Is the physical activity environment surrounding primary schools associated with students' weight status, physical activity or active transport, in regional areas of Victoria, Australia? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045785. [PMID: 34215603 PMCID: PMC8256746 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether the physical activity (PA) environment (walkability, greenspace and recreational facilities) surrounding regional primary schools is associated with children's PA levels, active transport and weight status. Limited research on this topic has been conducted outside of major cities. DESIGN Cross-sectional ecological study using baseline data from two large-scale obesity prevention interventions. SETTING Eighty (n=80) primary schools across two regional areas in Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Students aged 8-13 years (n=2144) attending participating primary schools. OUTCOME MEASURES Measured weight status (body mass index z-score, proportion overweight/obese) and self-reported PA behaviours (meeting PA recommendations and active travel behaviour). RESULTS When adjusted for student and school demographics, students had significantly increased odds of using active transport to or from school when the school neighbourhood was more walkable (OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.35), had a greater number of greenspaces (OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.53)) and a greater number of recreational facilities (OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.31)). A higher cumulative PA environment score was also associated with a higher proportion of children using active transport (OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.51)). There were no significant associations between the PA environment measures and either weight status or meeting the PA recommendations in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of its kind exploring school neighbourhood environments and child weight status and PA in regional areas of Australia. It highlights the potential of the environment surrounding primary schools in contributing to students' active travel to and from school. Further research with the use of objective PA measurement is warranted in regional areas that have been under-researched. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR.org.au) identifier 12616000980437; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jacobs
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nic Crooks
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Association between diet and sleep quality: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 57:101430. [PMID: 33549913 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits are considered a leading behavioral risk factor for human health. There is growing scientific evidence suggesting that diet and sleep may be related. The aim of this study was to review the evidence of association between diet and sleep quality. A systematic search in electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from their inception to November 2019. Studies investigating parameters of diet quality (including dietary patterns or individual healthy/unhealthy foods) and sleep quality (assessed through self-reported or objective methods) were included. The NIH Quality Assessment Tools were used to evaluate the study quality. Twenty-nine studies were reviewed: in summary, consumption of healthy foods was associated with better sleep quality, while higher intake of processed and free-sugar rich foods was associated with worse sleep features. Despite a certain consistency between studies have been observed, the overall poor-to-fair quality of study design (mostly represented by cross-sectional investigations) does not allow to conclude a causal relation. However, diet-related variables are associated with sleep quality, but further studies are needed to corroborate this finding.
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Leon Guerrero RT, Barber LR, Aflague TF, Paulino YC, Hattori-Uchima MP, Acosta M, Wilkens LR, Novotny R. Prevalence and Predictors of Overweight and Obesity among Young Children in the Children's Healthy Living Study on Guam. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2527. [PMID: 32825433 PMCID: PMC7551370 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is part of the Children's Healthy Living program in U.S. Affiliated Pacific region. The objectives were to estimate overweight and obesity (OWOB) prevalence and identify possible related risk factors among ethnic groups in Guam. In 2013, 865 children (2-8 years) were recruited via community-based sampling from select communities in Guam. Children's demographic and health behavior information; dietary intake; and anthropometric measurements were collected. Logistic regression, odds ratio, t-tests, and chi-square tests were used to determine differences and assess covariates of OWOB. The results indicate that 58% of children were living below the poverty level, 80% were receiving food assistance, and 51% experienced food insecurity. The majority of children surveyed did not meet recommendations for: sleep duration (59.6%), sedentary screen-time (83.11%), or fruit (58.7%) and vegetable (99.1%) intake, and consumed sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) (73.7%). OWOB affected 27.4% of children. Children affected by OWOB in this study were statistically more likely (p = 0.042) to suffer from sleep disturbances (p = 0.042) and consume marginally higher amounts (p value = 0.07) of SSB compared to children with healthy weight. Among Other Micronesians, children from families who considered themselves 'integrated' into the culture were 2.05 (CI 0.81-5.20) times more likely to be affected by OWOB. In conclusion, the OWOB prevalence among 2-8-year-olds in Guam was 27.4%; and compared with healthy weight children, children with OWOB were more likely to have educated caregivers and consume more SSBs. Results provide a basis for health promotion and obesity prevention guidance for children in Guam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael T. Leon Guerrero
- Office of Research & Sponsored Programs, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA; (L.R.B.); (T.F.A.); (Y.C.P.); (M.P.H.-U.); (M.A.)
| | - L. Robert Barber
- Office of Research & Sponsored Programs, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA; (L.R.B.); (T.F.A.); (Y.C.P.); (M.P.H.-U.); (M.A.)
| | - Tanisha F. Aflague
- Office of Research & Sponsored Programs, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA; (L.R.B.); (T.F.A.); (Y.C.P.); (M.P.H.-U.); (M.A.)
| | - Yvette C. Paulino
- Office of Research & Sponsored Programs, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA; (L.R.B.); (T.F.A.); (Y.C.P.); (M.P.H.-U.); (M.A.)
| | - Margaret P. Hattori-Uchima
- Office of Research & Sponsored Programs, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA; (L.R.B.); (T.F.A.); (Y.C.P.); (M.P.H.-U.); (M.A.)
| | - Mark Acosta
- Office of Research & Sponsored Programs, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA; (L.R.B.); (T.F.A.); (Y.C.P.); (M.P.H.-U.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Rachel Novotny
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
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