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Rosen AO, Hidalgo MD, Mistler CB, Balluerka N, Gorostiaga A, Gómez-Benito J, Holmes AL, Huedo-Medina TB. Our lifestyles are back to 'normal', but is our mental health? Longitudinal assessment of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among Spanish adults: April 2021 to August 2022. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003389. [PMID: 39018295 PMCID: PMC11253917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental effect on mental health since its start in 2020 and current data on mental health is limited. This study provides recent longitudinal data on psychological distress among a country-wide sample of adults. We recruited and surveyed 1,956 adults in Spain in April 2021 and August 2022 on sociodemographic- and pandemic-related psychological distress using the General Distress 21-item version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Paired sampled t-tests assessed DASS scores by sex from April 2021 to August 2022; and one-way ANOVAs assessed DASS scores across sociodemographic characteristics. Results showed that psychological distress slightly improved across the total sample from April 2021 to August 2022; though females, young adults, students, and individuals with lower income experienced more psychological distress. Increases in severe stress scores were found particularly among men. Our data provides an overview of the psychological distress of Spanish adults 2.5 years into the pandemic and provides novel evidence that though life has resumed a sense of normalcy after the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of key populations (e.g., females, young adults, students, low-income) is still suffering and further intervention and resources are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviana O. Rosen
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Colleen B. Mistler
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nekane Balluerka
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Gorostiaga
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
| | - Juana Gómez-Benito
- Group on Measurement Invariance and Analysis of Change (GEIMAC), Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley L. Holmes
- Department of Health Policy, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, United States of America
| | - Tania B. Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
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Aguilar-Mediavilla E, Sanchez-Azanza VA, Valera-Pozo M, Sureda-García I, Adrover-Roig D. The informant matters: Differences in bullying victim categorization rates assessed with self- and peer-reports in children with developmental language disorder and reading difficulties. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 149:104747. [PMID: 38678876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and Reading Difficulties (RD) can show more peer relation problems depending on the informant. AIMS (1) To explore bullying victims' categorization, evaluated by self- and peer-reports, in children with DLD and RD; and (2) to assess agreement rates between informants. METHOD AND PROCEDURES Victimization was assessed using a self-report (EBIP-Q) and a peer-report sociogram (CESC) in a sample of 83 participants (9-12 years; 10.5 ± 1.1 years), comprising of DLD (n = 19), RD (n = 32), and Control (n = 32) groups. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS We found a higher frequency of the rejected sociometric profile in the DLD and RD groups, a higher peer-reported victimization in the DLD group, and more severe self-reported victimization in the DLD and RD groups. Odds of being classified as victimized were higher for self-report except in the DLD group. Informants' agreement was high using the most restrictive EBIP-Q criterion (7 points) for both the Control and the RD groups, being non-significant for the DLD group regardless of the criteria used. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We found a higher victimization risk in children with language difficulties, although self-assessment seems to under-detect children with DLD according to the agreement rates, pointing out the need to combine assessments and informants. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD?: Several studies have shown that children with DLD or RD obtain higher scores of victimization and score lower on several scales of social skills with continuous data. Although continuous analyses are usual in research, professional decisions are usually based on cut-off criteria more than how high or low a score is in contrast to another group. This is one of the first works that analyses victimization following the cut-off criteria of self and peer assessments that professionals used in the school settings in children with DLD and RD. Our results will raise awareness among school professionals based on the evidence about the high risk of victimization, especially in children with DLD, and the implications of selecting between several measures of victimization, in this group of children. We think that our results would help to better detect and prevent bullying in schools for children with DLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aguilar-Mediavilla
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Institute of Research and Innovation in Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Victor A Sanchez-Azanza
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Institute of Research and Innovation in Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Mario Valera-Pozo
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Institute of Research and Innovation in Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sureda-García
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Institute of Research and Innovation in Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Daniel Adrover-Roig
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Institute of Research and Innovation in Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
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Regencia ZJG, Gouin JP, Ladia MAJ, Montoya JC, Baja ES. Effect of body image perception and skin-lightening practices on mental health of Filipino emerging adults: a mixed-methods approach protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068561. [PMID: 37192806 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rampant distribution of idealised images on the internet may lead the general public to improve their body appearance in a way that is sometimes excessive, compulsive or detrimental to other aspects of their lives. There is a decreasing appreciation of body image among emerging adults and an increasing trend on skin-lightening practices linked with psychological distress. This protocol describes the mixed-method approach to assess the relationships among body image perception, skin-lightening practices and mental well-being of Filipino emerging adults and determine the factors that influence them. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach will be used. A cross-sectional study design will involve an online self-administered questionnaire of 1258 participants, while a case study design will involve in-depth interviews with 25 participants. Data analysis will use generalised linear models and structural equation modelling with a Bayesian network for the quantitative data. Moreover, the qualitative data will use an inductive approach in thematic analysis. A contiguous narrative approach will integrate the quantitative and qualitative data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The University of the Philippines Manila Review Ethics Board has approved this protocol (UPMREB 2022-0407-01). The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed articles and conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zypher Jude G Regencia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jean-Philippe Gouin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mary Ann J Ladia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jaime C Montoya
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Emmanuel S Baja
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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Santre S. Cyberbullying in adolescents: a literature review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:1-7. [PMID: 35245420 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2021-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyberbullying is a universal public health concern that affects adolescents. The growing usage of electronic gadgets and the Internet has been connected to a rise in cyberbullying. The increasing use of the Internet, along with the negative outcomes of cyberbullying on adolescents, has required the study of cyberbullying. In this paper author reviews existing literature on cyberbullying among adolescents. The concept of cyberbullying is explained, including definitions, types of cyberbullying, characteristics or features of victims and cyberbullies, risk factors or causes underlying cyberbullying, and the harmful consequences of cyberbullying to adolescents. Furthermore, examples of programs or intervention to prevent cyberbullying and recommendations for further studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Santre
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Messena M, Everri M. Unpacking the relation between children's use of digital technologies and children's well-being: A scoping review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:161-198. [PMID: 36138339 PMCID: PMC9902989 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221127886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a substantial number of studies have addressed children's use of technologies and their impact on well-being. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of clarity on the operationalisation of technology use, well-being, and the relation between the two. This scoping review intended to shed lights on Digital Technologies Use, its operationalisation, and the relation between Digital Technologies Negative Use (DTNU) and children's well-being. For the scope of the special issue we focused on negative use. Results showed two conceptualisations of DTNU: compulsive/addictive use of devices and the Internet (e.g., Internet addiction) and negative online experiences/risky behaviours (e.g., cyberbullying). Well-being in relation to DTNU was mainly studied in terms of psycho/social dimensions (e.g., depression), and a gap in cognitive well-being studies was identified. Study designs were largely quantitative, and, in most studies, well-being was considered as a predictor of DTNU. Also, research with children under 12 years was lacking. Future research on DTNU should look at: how dimensions of addiction and negative online experiences relate; provide more evidence on cognitive well-being; explore the interplay of well-being multiple components relying on integrative conceptual frameworks. The recent notion of digital well-being should also be explored considering the results of this review.
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González‐Cabrera J, Díaz‐López A, Caba‐Machado V, Ortega‐Barón J, Echezarraga A, Fernández‐González L, Machimbarrena JM. Epidemiology of peer cybervictimization and its relationship with health‐related quality of life in adolescents: A prospective study. J Adolesc 2022; 95:468-478. [PMID: 36457172 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research focused on the association between peer cybervictimization and declining health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is scarce. Currently, few longitudinal studies find an association between these phenomena, and none focus on cybervictimization profiles. The main objectives are: (1) to analyze the point and period prevalence, and incidence of cybervictimization profiles (uninvolved, new, ceased, intermittent, and stable cybervictims); (2) to study the relationship between cybervictimization and HRQoL over time; (3) to determine the longitudinal impact on the HRQoL of each type of profile. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in three waves over 13 months. A total of 1142 adolescents aged 11-18 years participated in all the waves (630 girls, 55.2%). RESULTS The prevalence of victimization for the three waves was 21.6% (Wave 1; W1), 23.5% (W2), and 19.6% (W3), respectively. The period prevalence was 41.3%, and the accumulated incidence was 25.1%. It was found that 24% of the participants were new victims, 5.9% were intermittent victims, and 6% were stable victims. Being a cybervictim at W1 poses a relative risk of 1.73 [1.29-2.32], that is, a twofold increased risk of presenting a low HRQoL 13 months later compared to those who are not cybervictims. CONCLUSION One in four adolescents became a new cybervictim during the 13 months of the study. The adolescents who presented poorer HRQoL were the stable cybervictims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín González‐Cabrera
- Department of Family, School and Society Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR) Logroño Spain
| | - Adoración Díaz‐López
- Department of Family, School and Society Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR) Logroño Spain
| | - Vanessa Caba‐Machado
- Department of Family, School and Society Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR) Logroño Spain
| | - Jessica Ortega‐Barón
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Valencia (UV) Valencia Spain
| | - Ainara Echezarraga
- Department of Psychology Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Deusto Bilbao Spain
| | | | - Juan M. Machimbarrena
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Donostia Spain
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Lin Q, Abbey C, Zhang Y, Wang G, Lu J, Dill SE, Jiang Q, Singh MK, She X, Wang H, Rozelle S, Jiang F. Association between mental health and executive dysfunction and the moderating effect of urban-rural subpopulation in general adolescents from Shangrao, China: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060270. [PMID: 35998954 PMCID: PMC9403159 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between mental health and executive dysfunction in general adolescents, and to identify whether home residence and school location would moderate that association. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING A subsample of the Shanghai Children's Health, Education, and Lifestyle Evaluation-Adolescents project. 16 sampled schools in Shangrao city located in downstream Yangtze River in southeast China (December 2018). PARTICIPANTS 1895 adolescents (48.8% male) which were divided into three subpopulations: (A) adolescents who have urban hukou (ie, household registration in China) and attend urban schools (UU, n=292); (B) adolescents who have rural hukou and attend urban schools (RU, n=819) and (C) adolescents who have rural hukou and attend rural schools (RR, n=784). MEASURES The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used to assess adolescent mental health symptoms, and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (parent form) was applied to measure adolescent executive dysfunction in nature setting. RESULTS Mental health symptoms were common (depression: 25.2%, anxiety: 53.0%, stress: 19.7%) in our sample, and the prevalence rates were lower among UU adolescents than those among the RR and RU, with intersubgroup differences in screen exposure time explaining most of the variance. We found the three types of symptoms were strongly associated with executive dysfunction in general adolescents. We also observed a marginal moderating effect of urban-rural subgroup on the associations: UU adolescents with depression (OR 6.74, 95% CI 3.75 to 12.12) and anxiety (OR 5.56, 95% CI 1.86 to 16.66) had a higher executive dysfunction risk when compared with RR youths with depression (OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.91 to 4.12) and anxiety (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.33), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Rural adolescents experienced more mental health symptoms, whereas urban individuals with mental health problems had a higher executive dysfunction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Lin
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cody Abbey
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinkui Lu
- Department of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Sarah-Eve Dill
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qi Jiang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - M K Singh
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xinshu She
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fan Jiang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
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Cyberbullying victimization and depression among adolescents: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114198. [PMID: 34537540 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyberbullying is a category of bullying that occurs in the digital realm/medium of electronic text. In this study, we used meta-analysis to explore the relation between cyberbullying victimization and depression. We investigated 57 empirical studies from 17 countries (74 effect sizes and 105, 440 participants). The results showed that there was a significant positive relation between cyberbullying victimization and depression (r = .291, 95% CI = [.246, .335]). Moreover, we found that gender, age and publication year significantly moderated the relation between cyberbullying victimization and depression.
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Casino-García AM, Llopis-Bueno MJ, Gómez-Vivo MG, Juan-Grau A, Shuali-Trachtenberg T, Llinares-Insa LI. "Developing Capabilities". Inclusive Extracurricular Enrichment Programs to Improve the Well-Being of Gifted Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 12:731591. [PMID: 34707541 PMCID: PMC8542728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The educational inclusion of gifted students requires not only equity but also emotional accessibility and social participation. However, different studies indicate that gifted students constitute a vulnerable group (for example, the incidence of bullying is higher). Psychosocial variables are determinants for the development and expression of giftedness, particularly during adolescence. This study analyzes the impact of an inclusive extracurricular enrichment program for gifted secondary school students on the well-being of adolescents. The program was based on the enrichment model of Renzulli and Reis (2016). The objective was to develop a cluster to facilitate high-achieving learning in collaboration with teachers, administrators, and guidance counselors from their schools as well as university professors and students that would address their emotions and socialization across the board and benefit or involve their peers in their regular classrooms. The intervention took place over two years: eight sessions, one afternoon per week, for five months during each school year. The sample consisted of 47 students from the first and second years of compulsory secondary education (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria - ESO) (age, mean (M) = 12.57, standard deviation (SD) = 0.82) during the first year and 27 students from the first, second, and third years of ESO (age, M = 13.48, SD = 0.94) during the second year; 61.4% were girls. Participants completed a questionnaire before (T1) and (T3) and after (T2) and (T4) each intervention. The results show better outcomes for psychological and subjective well-being, more positive moods, and a significant reduction in school fears. The results from this study indicate the importance of educational screening and support for gifted students to promote their well-being through collaborative enrichment activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casino-García
- Departamento de Educación Inclusiva y Desarrollo Sociocomunitario, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Llopis-Bueno
- Departamento de Didáctica General, Teoría de la Educación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Gloria Gómez-Vivo
- Departamento de Didáctica General, Teoría de la Educación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Juan-Grau
- Departamento de Educación Inclusiva y Desarrollo Sociocomunitario, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamar Shuali-Trachtenberg
- Departamento de Didáctica General, Teoría de la Educación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía I Llinares-Insa
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Wang C, López-Núñez MI, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Choo F, Ho R, Ho C, Aparicio García ME. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health in China and Spain: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e27818. [PMID: 33900933 PMCID: PMC8143872 DOI: 10.2196/27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in physical and mental health impact across continents during the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study compared the levels of impact of COVID-19 on mental health among people from Spain and China and correlated mental health parameters with variables relating to symptoms similar to COVID-19, COVID-19 knowledge, and precautionary measures. METHODS We collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms, contact history with persons with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 knowledge, and precautionary measures. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21). To analyze the differences in the mental health parameters, the mean scores between Chinese and Spanish respondents were compared using the independent samples t test. The differences in categorical variables between the two samples were analyzed by the chi-square test. Linear regression was used to calculate the univariate associations between the independent variables and mental health parameters for both groups separately, with adjustments made for age, gender, and education. RESULTS A total of 1528 participants (Spain: n=687; China: n=841) were recruited. The mean age of the Chinese respondents was 24.73 years (SD 7.60; range 18-65 years), and the mean age of the Spanish respondents was 43.06 years (SD 11.95; range 18-76 years). Spanish participants reported significantly more symptoms similar to COVID-19 infection (eg, fever, sore throat, and breathing difficulties), contact history with COVID-19, higher perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, frequent use of medical services, and less confidence in medical services compared with their Chinese counterparts (P<.001). Spanish participants reported significantly higher DASS-21 stress and depression scores, while Chinese participants reported significantly higher IES-R scores (P<.001). Chinese participants encountered more discrimination from other countries (P<.001). Significantly more Chinese participants reported using face masks than Spanish ones (P<.001). More exposure to health information was associated with adverse mental health in Spain (depression: P=.02; anxiety: P=.02; stress: P=.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study found that Spanish respondents reported higher levels of stress and depression as well as more symptoms and use of medical services. In preparation for the next pandemic, Spain needs to establish a prompt policy to implement rapid response and enhance medical services to safeguard physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Wang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - María Inmaculada López-Núñez
- Department of Social Work and Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Riyu Pan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Yilin Tan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Linkang Xu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Faith Choo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marta E Aparicio García
- Department of Social Work and Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Camacho A, Ortega‐Ruiz R, Romera EM. Longitudinal associations between cybervictimization, anger rumination, and cyberaggression. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:332-342. [PMID: 33655507 PMCID: PMC8252776 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' involvement in cyberbullying has been a growing public health concern for some time. Cybervictimization and cyberaggression are two phenomena that previous research has often shown to be associated. However, longitudinal research into these associations and also into potential risk factors for these phenomena is less common. Anger rumination is a proven risk factor for aggressive behavior, but the relationship between anger rumination and victimization is not clear. The present longitudinal study investigated the associations between cybervictimization, anger rumination and cyberbullying in a sample of 3017 adolescents (MW1 = 13.15; SD = 1.09; 49% girls) from 7th to 9th grade. The European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and the Anger Rumination Scale were administered in four waves with 6 months intervals over a total period of 18 months. The associations between the variables were analyzed with a cross-lagged model. We found that: cybervictimization predicted anger rumination and cyberaggression; anger rumination was associated with later increases in both cybervictimization and cyberaggression: but involvement in cyberaggression predicted neither subsequent involvement in cybervictimization, nor in anger rumination. In addition, cybervictimization was found to mediate the association between anger rumination and cyberaggression. This study expands the understanding of the factors associated with cybervictimization and cyberaggression, and its results indicate that intervention programs should focus on boosting self-control to decrease impulsive behavior and protocols to prevent and intervene in cyberbullying.
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Wang C, Chudzicka-Czupała A, Tee ML, Núñez ML, Tripp C, Fardin MA, Habib HA, Tran BX, Adamus K, Anlacan J, García MEA, Grabowski D, Hussain S, Hoang MT, Hetnał M, Le XT, Ma W, Pham HQ, Reyes PWC, Shirazi M, Tan Y, Tee CA, Xu L, Xu Z, Vu GT, Zhou D, Chan NA, Kuruchittham V, McIntyre RS, Ho CSH, Ho R, Sears SF. A chain mediation model on COVID-19 symptoms and mental health outcomes in Americans, Asians and Europeans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6481. [PMID: 33742072 PMCID: PMC7979938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, impacting the lifestyles, economy, physical and mental health of individuals globally. This study aimed to test the model triggered by physical symptoms resembling COVID-19 infection, in which the need for health information and perceived impact of the pandemic mediated the path sequentially, leading to adverse mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional research design with chain mediation model involving 4612 participants from participating 8 countries selected via a respondent-driven sampling strategy was used. Participants completed online questionnaires on physical symptoms, the need for health information, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results showed that Poland and the Philippines were the two countries with the highest levels of anxiety, depression and stress; conversely, Vietnam had the lowest mean scores in these areas. Chain mediation model showed the need for health information, and the perceived impact of the pandemic were sequential mediators between physical symptoms resembling COVID-19 infection (predictor) and consequent mental health status (outcome). Excessive and contradictory health information might increase the perceived impact of the pandemic. Rapid COVID-19 testing should be implemented to minimize the psychological burden associated with physical symptoms, whilst public mental health interventions could target adverse mental outcomes associated with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Wang
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Agata Chudzicka-Czupała
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michael L. Tee
- grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - María Inmaculada López Núñez
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Connor Tripp
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Mohammad A. Fardin
- Department of Psychology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hina A. Habib
- grid.266518.e0000 0001 0219 3705Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bach X. Tran
- grid.56046.310000 0004 0642 8489Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Katarzyna Adamus
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joseph Anlacan
- grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marta E. Aparicio García
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damian Grabowski
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Men T. Hoang
- grid.444918.40000 0004 1794 7022Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Mateusz Hetnał
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | - Xuan T. Le
- grid.56046.310000 0004 0642 8489Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wenfang Ma
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Hai Q. Pham
- grid.444918.40000 0004 1794 7022Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Patrick Wincy C. Reyes
- grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mahmoud Shirazi
- grid.412796.f0000 0004 0612 766XDepartment of Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Yilin Tan
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Cherica A. Tee
- grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Linkang Xu
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Ziqi Xu
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Giang T. Vu
- grid.473736.20000 0004 4659 3737Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danqing Zhou
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Natalie A. Chan
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Vipat Kuruchittham
- Southeast Asia One Health University Network (SEAOHUN), Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel F. Sears
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
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Casino-García AM, Llopis-Bueno MJ, Llinares-Insa LI. Emotional Intelligence Profiles and Self-Esteem/Self-Concept: An Analysis of Relationships in Gifted Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031006. [PMID: 33498734 PMCID: PMC7908084 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The psychological well-being of students affects their academic achievement, social relationships and school coexistence and is something that families worry about. This aspect becomes vital when students have atypical development and/or specific needs. Studies on the impact of giftedness on students' self-concept and self-esteem offer mixed results. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a key factor for their well-being that must be developed by educational institutions. This study analyzes the relationships between emotional intelligence profiles and both self-concept and self-esteem of identified gifted students between 8 and 18 years of age who study in regular Spanish schools and non-identified peers. A total of 118 identified gifted and 122 non-identified subjects participated in the study. The Self-Concept Scale Form 5 (AF5), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) were administered. Clusters of students were identified on the basis of their scores in the three dimensions of EI. Subsequently, the differences in self-esteem and self-concept according to the student's emotional intelligence profile were analyzed. The results showed a taxonomy of three-cluster profiles in both groups and the existence of differences between profiles of EI in the self-esteem and self-concept dimensions in gifted students, not so in the non-identified group. The results have important implications for education and health professionals, both for the evaluation and for the introduction of adjusted intervention programs in case of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casino-García
- Facultad de Magisterio y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.C.-G.); (M.J.L.-B.)
| | - María José Llopis-Bueno
- Facultad de Magisterio y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.C.-G.); (M.J.L.-B.)
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Tee CA, Salido EO, Reyes PWC, Ho RC, Tee ML. Psychological State and Associated Factors During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Among Filipinos with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Open Access Rheumatol 2020; 12:215-222. [PMID: 33061689 PMCID: PMC7520098 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s269889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are perceived to be more vulnerable to worse COVID-19 infection outcome. Furthermore, severe shortage in hydroxychloroquine supply was experienced. OBJECTIVE We presented the psychological responses of Filipino SLE and RA patients to the COVID-19 pandemic and shortage of hydroxychloroquine supply. METHODS A total of 512 completed online surveys from SLE and RA patients were gathered from May 19 to 26, 2020. The online survey collected data on socio-demographics, health status, contact history, health service utilization, use of hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 knowledge and concerns, precautionary measures, information needs, the validated Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) ratings. RESULTS The psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak was at least moderate in 20%. The mean IES-R score was higher among SLE (22.34, SD=14.39) than RA (18.85, SD=13.24) patients. Stress, anxiety and depression were moderate to severe in 12.3%, 38.7%, and 27.7% of respondents. The mean stress subscale score was 10.11 (SD=7.95), mean anxiety subscale score was 6.79 (SD=6.57) and mean depression subscale score was 9.03 (SD=8.77). The risk factors for adverse mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic include the presence of comorbidity of hypertension and asthma; being a healthcare worker; and presence of specific symptoms of myalgia, cough, breathing difficulty, dizziness and sore throat. The protective factors for mental health during the pandemic include satisfaction with available health information and wearing of face masks. CONCLUSION In the third month of the pandemic in the Philippines, 20% of the respondents with lupus and RA experienced moderate to severe psychological impact. There was moderate to severe anxiety in 38.7% and moderate to severe depression in 27%. Identification of factors that affect mental health in lupus and RA is useful in implementation of effective psychological support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherica A Tee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Evelyn O Salido
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Patrick Wincy C Reyes
- School of Statistics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Roger C Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Michael L Tee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
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Considered Factors of Online News Based on Respondents’ Eye Activity Using Eye-Tracker Analysis. FUTURE INTERNET 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fi12030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the internet as a source of information has penetrated many aspects of human life, which is shown in the increasingly diverse substance of news in online news sources. Previous studies have stated that the presentation of the substance of online news information can have negative impacts, especially the emergence of anxiety in users; thus, managing the presentation of information becomes important. This study intends to explore factors that should be considered as possible anxiety-inducers for readers of news sites. Analyses of areas of interest (AOIs), fixation, and heat maps from respondents’ eye activity obtained from eye-tracker data have been compiled with Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measurement results to analyze anxiety among newsreaders. The results show that text is the dominant center of attention in various types of news. The reason for the higher anxiety that arises from text on online news sites is twofold. First, there are the respondents’ experiences. Second, text usage allows for boundless possibilities in respondents’ imaginations as a response to the news that has occurred.
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16
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Child Victimization in the Context of Family Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193569. [PMID: 31554272 PMCID: PMC6801485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Child victimization refers to all possible forms of violence experienced by a child. This issue examines multiple types of victimization through a comprehensive approach. To understand child victimization fully, it should be investigated within the context of family violence. The studies in this issue provide evidence of the prevalence of various types of child victimization. As well as child maltreatment and bullying, the emerging form of cyberbullying is examined in several studies. The family has always been the main focus around child victimization, with parenting style as one prominent example. Studies show that some parenting styles are associated with child maltreatment and therefore have suggested that parenting programs may be effective in reducing child victimization. This issue provides up-to-date studies from different regions around the world. It makes a significant contribution to the current debate in child victimization.
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Casino-García AM, García-Pérez J, Llinares-Insa LI. Subjective Emotional Well-Being, Emotional Intelligence, and Mood of Gifted vs. Unidentified Students: A Relationship Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183266. [PMID: 31491975 PMCID: PMC6765812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Subjective well-being (SWB) is a basic component of the health of children and adolescents. Studies of SWB in gifted students are scarce and show contradictory results. Some researchers consider these groups to be vulnerable, and according to some reports they are more often involved in situations of harassment as victims and/or harassers. Emotional intelligence (EI) is related to SWB and can be a protective factor in these situations. However, the underlying mechanism remains relatively unexplored, especially in the affective dimension of SWB. The present study develops and tests a model for the mediating role of mood in the relationship between EI and SWB. The participants were 273 Spanish students aged 8 to 18 years, distributed into two samples: sample 1, gifted students, and sample 2, unidentified students. The results showed that (1) gifted students exhibited lower scores in EI (specifically, in clarity) and SWB (specifically, in positive experiences) and higher scores on the sadness dimension of mood states and that (2) EI was positively related to SWB, and mood was a significant mediator in the relationship between EI and SWB. The mediating role of the positive mood is given in both groups; however, the negative mood only mediates this relationship in gifted students. The results are discussed, theoretical and practical contributions to the literature are proposed, and implications for parents and teachers are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casino-García
- Departamento de Educación Inclusiva y Desarrollo Sociocomunitario, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/ Sagrado Corazón, 5, Godella, 46110 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josefa García-Pérez
- Departamento de Educación Inclusiva y Desarrollo Sociocomunitario, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/ Sagrado Corazón, 5, Godella, 46110 Valencia, Spain
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18
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Rodríguez-Enríquez M, Bennasar-Veny M, Leiva A, Yañez AM. Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption, Personality, and Cybervictimization among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173123. [PMID: 31466216 PMCID: PMC6747350 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying has emerged as a public health problem. Personality may play an important role in substance use and cybervictimization. The aim of this study was to examine whether tobacco and alcohol consumption and personality traits are associated with cybervictimization in Spanish adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 765 secondary students (aged 14–16) from 16 secondary schools in Spain. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics; tobacco and alcohol consumption; cybervictimization (Garaigordobil Scale); and personality traits (Big Five Questionnaire). A logistic regression model controlling for sex, age, parental education and personality traits was used to determine the independent associations and interactions between tobacco and alcohol consumption and cybervictimization. The results indicate that a total of 305 adolescents (39.9%) reported that they were cyberbullied in the past year. Girls were more likely to be cyberbullied than boys. Cybervictims had a significantly greater monthly alcohol consumption (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.05–2.15), higher scores for extraversion (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.06–1.63) and emotional instability (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.27–1.83); as well as lower scores for conscientiousness (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.63–0.95). These results suggest that personality traits and alcohol consumption are independently associated with cybervictimization. Our study suggests the existence of underlying common personality factors for cybervictimization and alcohol and tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Paseig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bennasar-Veny
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa, Km 7,5, 07122 Palma, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Leiva
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, C/Escuela Graduada, 3, 07002 Palma, Spain
| | - Aina M Yañez
- Research Group on Global Health & Human Development, Balearic Islands University, Cra. de Valldemossa, Km 7,5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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