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Anand K, Walia GK, Mandal S, Menon JS, Gupta R, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Ali MK, Mohan V, Schwartz JD, Prabhakaran D. Longitudinal associations between ambient PM 2.5 exposure and lipid levels in two Indian cities. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e295. [PMID: 38617424 PMCID: PMC11008625 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to ambient PM2.5 is known to affect lipid metabolism through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from developing countries, such as India with high levels of ambient PM2.5 and distinct lipid profiles, is sparse. Methods Longitudinal nonlinear mixed-effects analysis was conducted on >10,000 participants of Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort in Chennai and Delhi, India. We examined associations between 1-month and 1-year average ambient PM2.5 exposure derived from the spatiotemporal model and lipid levels (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TRIG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) measured longitudinally, adjusting for residential and neighborhood-level confounders. Results The mean annual exposure in Chennai and Delhi was 40 and 102 μg/m3 respectively. Elevated ambient PM2.5 levels were associated with an increase in LDL-C and TC at levels up to 100 µg/m3 in both cities and beyond 125 µg/m3 in Delhi. TRIG levels in Chennai increased until 40 µg/m3 for both short- and long-term exposures, then stabilized or declined, while in Delhi, there was a consistent rise with increasing annual exposures. HDL-C showed an increase in both cities against monthly average exposure. HDL-C decreased slightly in Chennai with an increase in long-term exposure, whereas it decreased beyond 130 µg/m3 in Delhi. Conclusion These findings demonstrate diverse associations between a wide range of ambient PM2.5 and lipid levels in an understudied South Asian population. Further research is needed to establish causality and develop targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of air pollution on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Anand
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Jyothi S. Menon
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K. M. Venkat Narayan
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of the Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, Georgia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of the Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, Georgia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
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Bi J, Burnham D, Zuidema C, Schumacher C, Gassett AJ, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, Sheppard L. Evaluating low-cost monitoring designs for PM 2.5 exposure assessment with a spatiotemporal modeling approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123227. [PMID: 38147948 PMCID: PMC10922961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Determining the most feasible and cost-effective approaches to improving PM2.5 exposure assessment with low-cost monitors (LCMs) can considerably enhance the quality of its epidemiological inferences. We investigated features of fixed-site LCM designs that most impact PM2.5 exposure estimates to be used in long-term epidemiological inference for the Adult Changes in Thought Air Pollution (ACT-AP) study. We used ACT-AP collected and calibrated LCM PM2.5 measurements at the two-week level from April 2017 to September 2020 (N of monitors [measurements] = 82 [502]). We also acquired reference-grade PM2.5 measurements from January 2010 to September 2020 (N = 78 [6186]). We used a spatiotemporal modeling approach to predict PM2.5 exposures with either all LCM measurements or varying subsets with reduced temporal or spatial coverage. We evaluated the models based on a combination of cross-validation and external validation at locations of LCMs included in the models (N = 82), and also based on an independent external validation with a set of LCMs not used for the modeling (N = 30). We found that the model's performance declined substantially when LCM measurements were entirely excluded (spatiotemporal validation R2 [RMSE] = 0.69 [1.2 μg/m3]) compared to the model with all LCM measurements (0.84 [0.9 μg/m3]). Temporally, using the farthest apart measurements (i.e., the first and last) from each LCM resulted in the closest model's performance (0.79 [1.0 μg/m3]) to the model with all LCM data. The models with only the first or last measurement had decreased performance (0.77 [1.1 μg/m3]). Spatially, the model's performance decreased linearly to 0.74 (1.1 μg/m3) when only 10% of LCMs were included. Our analysis also showed that LCMs located in densely populated, road-proximate areas improved the model more than those placed in moderately populated, road-distant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Dustin Burnham
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Christopher Zuidema
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Cooper Schumacher
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Rossios K, Antza C, Kachtsidis V, Kotsis V. The Modern Environment: The New Secondary Cause of Hypertension? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2095. [PMID: 38138198 PMCID: PMC10744418 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, is hypertension. Although most cases of hypertension are thought to be essential, the multifactorial associations of the environmental influence on blood pressure seem to play an important role and should be more closely investigated. This review attempts to focus on the recent literature that examines the environmental effects on arterial blood pressure and its management. Seasonal variability and the role of ambient temperature, either occupational or recreational noise pollution, as well as obesity due to environment-caused dietary habits, are recognized as important risk factors, affecting the onset as well as the regulation of hypertension. Furthermore, the effects of seasonal fluctuations in blood pressure, noise pollution, and obesity seem to share a similar pathogenesis, and as such to all further react together, leading to increased blood pressure. The activation of the autonomous nervous system plays a key role and causes an increase in stress hormones that generates oxidative stress on the vascular system and, thus, vasoconstriction. In this review, by focusing on the association of the environmental impact with arterial blood pressure, we come to the question of whether most cases of hypertension-if not all-should, indeed, be considered primary or secondary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Rossios
- Cardiology Clinic, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christina Antza
- Hypertension Center, 3rd Department of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Vasileios Kachtsidis
- Hypertension Center, 3rd Department of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Vasilios Kotsis
- Hypertension Center, 3rd Department of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.A.); (V.K.)
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Liu M, Meijer P, Lam TM, Timmermans EJ, Grobbee DE, Beulens JWJ, Vaartjes I, Lakerveld J. The built environment and cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1801-1827. [PMID: 37486178 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on objectively measured neighbourhood built environment exposures in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched seven databases for systematic reviews on associations between objectively measured long-term built environmental exposures, covering at least one domain (i.e. outdoor air pollution, food environment, physical activity environment like greenspace and walkability, urbanization, light pollution, residential noise, and ambient temperature), and CVD events in adults. Two authors extracted summary data and assessed the risk of bias independently. Robustness of evidence was rated based on statistical heterogeneity, small-study effect, and excess significance bias. Meta-meta-analyses were conducted to combine the meta-analysis results from reviews with comparable exposure and outcome within each domain. From the 3304 initial hits, 51 systematic reviews were included, covering 5 domains and including 179 pooled estimates. There was strong evidence of the associations between increased air pollutants (especially PM2.5 exposure) and increased residential noise with greater risk of CVD. Highly suggestive evidence was found for an association between increased ambient temperature and greater risk of CVD. Systematic reviews on physical activity environment, food environment, light pollution, and urbanization in relation to CVD were scarce or lacking. CONCLUSION Air pollutants, increased noise levels, temperature, and greenspace were associated with CVD outcomes. Standardizing design and exposure assessments may foster the synthesis of evidence. Other crucial research gaps concern the lack of prospective study designs and lack of evidence from low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42021246580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Liu
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Meijer
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thao Minh Lam
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviours & Chronic Diseases, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Timmermans
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviours & Chronic Diseases, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviours & Chronic Diseases, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mandal S, Jaganathan S, Kondal D, Schwartz JD, Tandon N, Mohan V, Prabhakaran D, Narayan KMV. PM 2.5 exposure, glycemic markers and incidence of type 2 diabetes in two large Indian cities. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003333. [PMID: 37797962 PMCID: PMC10565186 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to fine particulate matter has been associated with several cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. However, such evidence mostly originates from low-pollution settings or cross-sectional studies, thus necessitating evidence from regions with high air pollution levels, such as India, where the burden of non-communicable diseases is high. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the associations between ambient PM2.5 levels and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 12 064 participants in an adult cohort from urban Chennai and Delhi, India. A meta-analytic approach was used to combine estimates, obtained from mixed-effects models and proportional hazards models, from the two cities. RESULTS We observed that 10 μg/m3 differences in monthly average exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 0.40 mg/dL increase in FPG (95% CI 0.22 to 0.58) and 0.021 unit increase in HbA1c (95% CI 0.009 to 0.032). Further, 10 μg/m3 differences in annual average PM2.5 was associated with 1.22 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.36) times increased risk of incident T2DM, with non-linear exposure response. CONCLUSIONS We observed evidence of temporal association between PM2.5 exposure, and higher FPG and incident T2DM in two urban environments in India, thus highlighting the potential for population-based mitigation policies to reduce the growing burden of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimple Kondal
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Torrico-Lavayen R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Sánchez-Guerra M, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Ortiz-Panozo E, Gutiérrez-Avila I, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Cardenas A, Posadas-Sánchez R, Osorio-Yáñez C. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and carotid intima media thickness at bilateral, left and right in adults from Mexico City: Results from GEA study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 335:139009. [PMID: 37245594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PM2.5 exposure has been associated with intima-media thickness (cIMT) increase. However, very few studies distinguished between left and right cIMT in relation to PM2.5 exposure. AIM To evaluate associations between chronic exposure to PM2.5 and cIMT at bilateral, left, and right in adults from Mexico City. METHODS This study comprised 913 participants from the control group, participants without personal or family history of cardiovascular disease, of the Genetics of Atherosclerosis Disease Mexican study (GEA acronym in Spanish), recruited at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez from June 2008 to January 2013. To assess the associations between chronic exposure to PM2.5 (per 5 μg/m3 increase) at different lag years (1-4 years) and cIMT (bilateral, left, and right) we applied distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs). RESULTS The median and interquartile range for cIMT at bilateral, left, and right, were 630 (555, 735), 640 (550, 750), and 620 (530, 720) μm, respectively. Annual average PM2.5 exposure was 26.64 μg/m3, with median and IQR, of 24.46 (23.5-25.46) μg/m3. Results from DLNMs adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, low-density lipoproteins, and glucose, showed that PM2.5 exposure for year 1 and 2, were positively and significantly associated with right-cIMT [6.99% (95% CI: 3.67; 10.42) and 2.98% (0.03; 6.01), respectively]. Negative associations were observed for PM2.5 at year 3 and 4 and right-cIMT; however only year 3 was statistically significant [-2.83% (95% CI: 5.12; -0.50)]. Left-cIMT was not associated with PM2.5 exposure at any lag year. The increase in bilateral cIMT followed a similar pattern as that observed for right-cIMT, but with lower estimates. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest different susceptibility between left and right cIMT associated with PM2.5 exposure highlighting the need of measuring both, left and right cIMT, regarding ambient air pollution in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Torrico-Lavayen
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico; Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo
- Center of Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston, United States
| | - Iván Gutiérrez-Avila
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular y Trasplante Renal, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
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7
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Lv S, Shi Y, Xue Y, Hu Y, Hu M, Li S, Xie W, Li Y, Ouyang Y, Li Z, Liu M, Wei J, Guo X, Liu X. Long-term effects of particulate matter on incident cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged and elder adults: The CHARLS cohort study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115181. [PMID: 37393817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence of long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), researches about long-term effects of PM1 on CVD are limited. We aimed to examine the long-term effects and magnitude of PM, especially PM1, on incident CVD in China. METHODS We included 6016 participants aged ≥ 45 years without CVD at baseline in 2011 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Personal PM (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) concentrations were estimated using geocoded residential address. Generalized linear mixed models and SHapley Additive exPlanation were utilized to calculate the impacts and contributions of PM on CVD. Sensitivity analyses were used to check the robustness. RESULTS After a follow up of 4-year, 481 (7.99 %) participants developed CVD. Per 10 μg/m3 uptick in 1-year average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with a 1.20 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.37], 1.13 (95 % CI: 1.11-1.15), and 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.06-1.13) fold risk of incident CVD, respectively. The 2-year average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with incident CVD, corresponding to a 1.03 (95 % CI: 0.96-1.10), 1.11 (95 % CI: 1.02-1.21), and 1.09 (95 % CI: 1.03-1.15) fold risk, respectively. The SHapley Additive exPlanation values of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 0.170, 0.153, and 0.053, respectively, corresponding to the first, second, and fifth among all air pollutants. Effects of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 on CVD remained statistically significant in two-pollutant models. The elderly, males, smokers and alcohol drinkers tended to have slightly higher effects, while the differences were not statistically significant (all P-values > 0.05) between subgroups. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 was associated with an increased incidence of CVD. The smaller the particle size, the more important it was for incident CVD indicating that emphasis should be placed on small size of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Lv
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yadi Shi
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongxi Xue
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yaoyu Hu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meiling Hu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenhan Xie
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yixin Ouyang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
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8
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Święczkowski M, Dobrzycki S, Kuźma Ł. Multi-City Analysis of the Acute Effect of Polish Smog on Cause-Specific Mortality (EP-PARTICLES Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085566. [PMID: 37107848 PMCID: PMC10139136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polish smog is a specific type of air pollution present in Eastern Poland, which may cause particularly adverse cardiovascular effects. It is characterized primarily by high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and different favorable conditions of formation. Our study aimed to assess whether PM and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have a short-term impact on mortality due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ischemic stroke (IS). The study covered the years 2016-2020, a total of 6 million person-years from five main cities in Eastern Poland. To evaluate the association between air pollution and cause-specific mortality, a case-crossover study design with conditional logistic regression was used at days with LAG from 0 to 2. We recorded 87,990 all-cause deaths, including 9688 and 3776 deaths due to ACS and IS, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutants was associated with an increase in mortality due to ACS (PM2.5 OR = 1.029, 95%CI 1.011-1.047, p = 0.002; PM10 OR = 1.015, 95%CI 1-1.029, p = 0.049) on LAG 0. On LAG 1 we recorded an increase in both IS (PM2.5 OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.001-1.058, p = 0.04) and ACS (PM2.5 OR = 1.028, 95%CI 1.01-1.047, p = 0.003; PM10 OR = 1.026, 95%CI 1.011-1.041, p = 0.001; NO2 OR = 1.036, 95%CI 1.003-1.07, p = 0.04). There was a strong association between air pollution and cause-specific mortality in women (ACS: PM2.5 OR = 1.032, 95%CI 1.006-1.058, p = 0.01; PM10 OR = 1.028, 95%CI 1.008-1.05, p = 0.01) and elderly (ACS: PM2.5 OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.05, p = 0.003; PM10 OR = 1.027, 95% CI 1.011-1.043, p < 0.001 and IS: PM2.5 OR = 1.037, 95%CI 1.007-1.069, p = 0.01; PM10 OR = 1.025, 95%CI 1.001-1.05, p = 0.04). The negative influence of PMs was observed on mortality due to ACS and IS. NO2 was associated with only ACS-related mortality. The most vulnerable subgroups were women and the elderly.
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Wang H, Zhou J, Li X, Ling Q, Wei H, Gao L, He Y, Zhu M, Xiao X, Liu Y, Li S, Chen C, Duan G, Peng Z, Zhou P, Duan Y, Wang J, Yu T, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhou Z, Gui H, Ding Y. Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:367-386. [PMID: 36521999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from mobile sources and stationary sources contribute to atmospheric pollution in China, and its components, which include ultrafine particles (UFPs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other reactive gases, such as NH3 and NOx, are the most harmful to human health. China has released various regulations and standards to address pollution from mobile and stationary sources. Thus, it is urgent to develop online monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions. This study provides an overview of the main progress in mobile and stationary source monitoring technology in China and describes the comprehensive application of some typical instruments in vital areas in recent years. These instruments have been applied to monitor emissions from motor vehicles, ships, airports, the chemical industry, and electric power generation. Not only has the level of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment been improving, but relevant regulations and standards have also been constantly updated. Meanwhile, the developed instruments can provide scientific assistance for the successful implementation of regulations. According to the potential problem areas in atmospheric pollution in China, some research hotspots and future trends of atmospheric online monitoring technology are summarized. Furthermore, more advanced atmospheric online monitoring technology will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric pollution and improve environmental monitoring capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jitong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiang Ling
- Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- China Automotive Technology and Research Center, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Youjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chilai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Guotao Duan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhimin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yufeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tongzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiguang Wang
- China Automotive Technology and Research Center, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huaqiao Gui
- Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yanjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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10
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de Bont J, Jaganathan S, Dahlquist M, Persson Å, Stafoggia M, Ljungman P. Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Intern Med 2022; 291:779-800. [PMID: 35138681 PMCID: PMC9310863 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The available evidence on the effects of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased substantially. In this umbrella review, we summarized the current epidemiological evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses linking ambient air pollution and CVDs, with a focus on geographical differences and vulnerable subpopulations. We performed a search strategy through multiple databases including articles between 2010 and 31 January 2021. We performed a quality assessment and evaluated the strength of evidence. Of the 56 included reviews, the most studied outcomes were stroke (22 reviews), all-cause CVD mortality, and morbidity (19). The strongest evidence was found between higher short- and long-term ambient air pollution exposure and all-cause CVD mortality and morbidity, stroke, blood pressure, and ischemic heart diseases (IHD). Short-term exposures to particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), <10 μm (PM10 ), and nitrogen oxides (NOx ) were consistently associated with increased risks of hypertension and triggering of myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (fatal and nonfatal). Long-term exposures of PM2.5 were largely associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, incident MI, hypertension, and incident stroke and stroke mortality. Few reviews evaluated other CVD outcomes including arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure but they generally reported positive statistical associations. Stronger associations were found in Asian countries and vulnerable subpopulations, especially among the elderly, cardiac patients, and people with higher weight status. Consistent with experimental data, this comprehensive umbrella review found strong evidence that higher levels of ambient air pollution increase the risk of CVDs, especially all-cause CVD mortality, stroke, and IHD. These results emphasize the importance of reducing the alarming levels of air pollution across the globe, especially in Asia, and among vulnerable subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Bont
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suganthi Jaganathan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi-NCR, India.,Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Marcus Dahlquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Persson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
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11
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Choi G, Kim Y, Shin G, Bae S. Projecting Lifetime Health Outcomes and Costs Associated with the Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure among Adult Women in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052494. [PMID: 35270187 PMCID: PMC8909340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We sought to estimate the lifetime healthcare costs and outcomes associated with the exposure to the escalated concentration of fine particulate matter (particle size < 2.5 μm, PM2.5) among adult Korean women. We adapted a previously developed Markov model, and a hypothetical cohort composed of Korean women was exposed to either a standard (15 μg/m3) or increased (25 μg/m3) concentration of PM2.5. The time horizon of the analysis was 60 years, and the cycle length was 1 year. The outcomes were presented as direct healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs were discounted annually at 5%. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. The model estimated that when the exposure concentration was increased by 10 μg/m3, the lifetime healthcare cost increased by USD 9309, which is an 11.3% increase compared to the standard concentration group. Women exposed to a higher concentration of PM2.5 were predicted to live 30.64 QALYs, compared to 32.08 QALYs for women who were exposed to the standard concentration of PM2.5. The tendency of a higher cost and shorter QALYs at increased exposure was consistent across a broad range of sensitivity analyses. The negative impact of PM2.5 was higher on cost than on QALYs and accelerated as the exposure time increased, emphasizing the importance of early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyoung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Yujeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.K.); (G.S.)
- Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Wonju 26465, Korea
| | - Gyeongseon Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.K.); (G.S.)
| | - SeungJin Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.K.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mai X, Zhou H, Li Y, Huang X, Yang T. Associations between ambient fine particulate (PM 2.5) exposure and cardiovascular disease: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13114-13121. [PMID: 34570321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evidence regarding the association between long-term fine particulate (PM2.5) exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in developing countries is limited. This study investigated the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and the prevalence of CVD among middle-aged and older adults. A total of 13,484 adults ≥ 45 years of age were surveyed in China, and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between PM2.5 and the prevalence of CVD. Furthermore, stratified analyses were conducted to explore potential effect modifiers. In addition, the burden of CVD attributable to PM2.5 was estimated. The analyses revealed that PM2.5 was associated with CVD, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12, 1.26) for each 10 μg/m3 increment in ambient PM2.5. Stratified analyses found that the elderly may be a vulnerable population. It was further estimated that approximately 20.27% (95% CI: 11.86%, 29.96%) of CVD cases could be attributable to PM2.5. This nationwide study confirmed that long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased prevalence of CVD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Mai
- Department of Emergency, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Emergency, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China.
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13
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Aryal A, Harmon AC, Dugas TR. Particulate matter air pollutants and cardiovascular disease: Strategies for intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107890. [PMID: 33992684 PMCID: PMC8216045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is consistently linked with elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-related mortality. Particulate matter (PM) is a critical factor in air pollution-associated CVD. PM forms in the air during the combustion of fuels as solid particles and liquid droplets and the sources of airborne PM range from dust and dirt to soot and smoke. The health impacts of PM inhalation are well documented. In the US, where CVD is already the leading cause of death, it is estimated that PM2.5 (PM < 2.5 μm in size) is responsible for nearly 200,000 premature deaths annually. Despite the public health data, definitive mechanisms underlying PM-associated CVD are elusive. However, evidence to-date implicates mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction and dyslipidemia, contributing to vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, along with autonomic dysfunction and hypertension. For the benefit of susceptible individuals and individuals who live in areas where PM levels exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard, interventional strategies for mitigating PM-associated CVD are necessary. This review will highlight current state of knowledge with respect to mechanisms for PM-dependent CVD. Based upon these mechanisms, strategies for intervention will be outlined. Citing data from animal models and human subjects, these highlighted strategies include: 1) antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C, carnosine, sulforaphane and resveratrol, to reduce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation; 2) omega-3 fatty acids, to inhibit inflammation and autonomic dysfunction; 3) statins, to decrease cholesterol accumulation and inflammation; 4) melatonin, to regulate the immune-pineal axis and 5) metformin, to address PM-associated metabolic dysfunction. Each of these will be discussed with respect to its potential role in limiting PM-associated CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Aryal
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Tammy R Dugas
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America.
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14
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Trushna T, Tripathi AK, Rana S, Tiwari RR. Nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties as intervention for reducing the health effects of fine particulate matter: Potential and Prospects. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1639-1660. [PMID: 33845731 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210412121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially particulate matter pollution adversely affects human health. A growing pool of evidence has emerged which underscores the potential of individual-level nutritional interventions in attenuating the adverse health impact of exposure to PM2.5. Although controlling emission and reducing the overall levels of air pollution remains the ultimate objective globally, the sustainable achievement of such a target and thus consequent protection of human health will require a substantial amount of time and concerted efforts worldwide. In the meantime, smaller-scale individual-level interventions that can counter the inflammatory or oxidative stress effects triggered by exposure to particulate matter may be utilized to ameliorate the health effects of PM2.5 pollution. One such intervention is incorporation of nutraceuticals in the diet. Here, we present a review of the evidence generated from various in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effects of different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceuticals in ameliorating the health effects of particulate matter air pollution. The studies discussed in this review suggest that these nutraceuticals when consumed as a part of the diet, or as additional supplementation, can potentially negate the cellular level adverse effects of exposure to particulate pollution. The potential benefits of adopting a non-pharmacological diet-based approach to air pollution-induced disease management have also been discussed. We argue that before a nutraceuticals-based approach can be used for widespread public adoption, further research, especially human clinical trials, is essential to confirm the beneficial action of relevant nutraceuticals and to explore the safe limits of human supplementation and the risk of side effects. Future research should focus on systematically translating bench-based knowledge regarding nutraceuticals gained from in-vitro and in-vivo studies into clinically usable nutritional guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Trushna
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Amit K Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Sindhuprava Rana
- Department of Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh. India
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15
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Snow SJ, Henriquez AR, Thompson LC, Fisher C, Schladweiler MC, Wood CE, Kodavanti UP. Pulmonary and vascular effects of acute ozone exposure in diabetic rats fed an atherogenic diet. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 415:115430. [PMID: 33524446 PMCID: PMC8086743 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants may increase risk for cardiopulmonary disease, particularly in susceptible populations with metabolic stressors such as diabetes and unhealthy diet. We investigated effects of inhaled ozone exposure and high-cholesterol diet (HCD) in healthy Wistar and Wistar-derived Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes. Male rats (4-week old) were fed normal diet (ND) or HCD for 12 weeks and then exposed to filtered air or 1.0 ppm ozone (6 h/day) for 1 or 2 days. We examined pulmonary, vascular, hematology, and inflammatory responses after each exposure plus an 18-h recovery period. In both strains, ozone induced acute bronchiolar epithelial necrosis and inflammation on histopathology and pulmonary protein leakage and neutrophilia; the protein leakage was more rapid and persistent in GK compared to Wistar rats. Ozone also decreased lymphocytes after day 1 in both strains consuming ND (~50%), while HCD increased circulating leukocytes. Ozone increased plasma thrombin/antithrombin complexes and platelet disaggregation in Wistar rats on HCD and exacerbated diet effects on serum IFN-γ, IL-6, KC-GRO, IL-13, and TNF-α, which were higher with HCD (Wistar>GK). Ex vivo aortic contractility to phenylephrine was lower in GK versus Wistar rats at baseline(~30%); ozone enhanced this effect in Wistar rats on ND. GK rats on HCD had higher aortic e-NOS and tPA expression compared to Wistar rats. Ozone increased e-NOS in GK rats on ND (~3-fold) and Wistar rats on HCD (~2-fold). These findings demonstrate ways in which underlying diabetes and HCD may exacerbate pulmonary, systemic, and vascular effects of inhaled pollutants.
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MESH Headings
- Air Pollutants/toxicity
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Cholesterol, Dietary/metabolism
- Cholesterol, Dietary/toxicity
- Cytokines/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diet, Atherogenic/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Inhalation Exposure
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Injury/blood
- Lung Injury/chemically induced
- Lung Injury/pathology
- Male
- Necrosis
- Ozone/toxicity
- Pulmonary Edema/blood
- Pulmonary Edema/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Edema/pathology
- Rats, Wistar
- Vascular Diseases/blood
- Vascular Diseases/chemically induced
- Vascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Cynthia Fisher
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Charles E Wood
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States.
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16
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Lederer AM, Fredriksen PM, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Everson F, Strijdom H, De Boever P, Goswami N. Cardiovascular effects of air pollution: current evidence from animal and human studies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1417-H1439. [PMID: 33513082 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00706.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a global health concern. Particulate matter (PM)2.5, a component of ambient air pollution, has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the pollutants that poses the greatest threat to public health. Cardiovascular health effects have been extensively documented, and these effects are still being researched to provide an overview of recent literature regarding air pollution-associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in humans. Additionally, potential mechanisms through which air pollutants affect the cardiovascular system are discussed based on human and additional animal studies. We used the strategy of a narrative review to summarize the scientific literature of studies that were published in the past 7 yr. Searches were carried out on PubMed and Web of Science using predefined search queries. We obtained an initial set of 800 publications that were filtered to 78 publications that were relevant to include in this review. Analysis of the literature showed significant associations between air pollution, especially PM2.5, and the risk of elevated blood pressure (BP), acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmia, and heart failure (HF). Prominent mechanisms that underlie the adverse effects of air pollution include oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, autonomic imbalance, and thrombogenicity. The current review underscores the relevance of air pollution as a global health concern that affects cardiovascular health. More rigorous standards are needed to reduce the cardiovascular disease burden imposed by air pollution. Continued research on the health impact of air pollution is needed to provide further insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Maria Lederer
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Frans Everson
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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17
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Liu Y, Zhao D, Peng W, Xue P, Jiang X, Chen S, Gao H, Wang X, Feng S. Atmospheric PM 2.5 blocking up autophagic flux in HUVECs via inhibiting Sntaxin-17 and LAMP2. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111450. [PMID: 33039871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite of growing evidence linking PM2.5 exposure to autophagic activity in various human cells, the functional significance of PM2.5 exposure affecting autophagy in the pathogenesis of human cardiovascular disease and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effects of ambient PM2.5 (with final concentration 0, 1, 5, 25 µg/mL) on the autophagic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were systematically studied. The results showed that the internalized PM2.5 mainly localized in the membrane-surrounded vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Compared with the negative control, dose-dependent increase of autophagosomes, puncta and protein levels of LC3-II and p62, and both dose- and time-dependent increase of AKT phosphorylation, with inversely time-dependent reduction of Beclin 1, ATG3 and ATG5 proteins, were presented in the PM2.5-treated HUVECs, indicating a clear impairment of autophagic degradation in the PM2.5-exposed HUVECs. Meanwhile, increase in lysosomes, LAMP1, proteases of CTSB and CTSD, and protein phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and TFEB was identified in the PM2.5-treated HUVECs, showing a PM2.5-mediated enhancement in lysosomal activity. A novel finding in this study is that both Sntaxin-17 and LAMP2, two key proteins involved in the control of membrane fusion between autophagosome and lysosome, were significantly decreased in the PM2.5-exposed HUVECs, suggesting that the fusion of autophagosome-lysosome was blocked up. Collectively, ambient PM2.5 exposure may block up the autophagic flux in HUVECs through inhibiting the expression of Sntaxin-17 and LAMP2. Autophagic activity in HUVECs is a useful biomarker for assessing risks of environmental factors to human cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; The Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Dongting Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wenyi Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Panpan Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuting Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Huiqian Gao
- The Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shaolong Feng
- The Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Potential of ARIMA-ANN, ARIMA-SVM, DT and CatBoost for Atmospheric PM2.5 Forecasting in Bangladesh. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has major threats to global health, especially in urban regions around the world. Dhaka, Narayanganj and Gazipur of Bangladesh are positioned as top ranking polluted metropolitan cities in the world. This study assessed the performance of the application of hybrid models, that is, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)-Artificial Neural Network (ANN), ARIMA-Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Principle Component Regression (PCR) along with Decision Tree (DT) and CatBoost deep learning model to predict the ambient PM2.5 concentrations. The data from January 2013 to May 2019 with 2342 observations were utilized in this study. Eighty percent of the data was used as training and the rest of the dataset was employed as testing. The performance of the models was evaluated by R2, RMSE and MAE value. Among the models, CatBoost performed best for predicting PM2.5 for all the stations. The RMSE values during the test period were 12.39 µg m−3, 13.06 µg m−3 and 12.97 µg m−3 for Dhaka, Narayanganj and Gazipur, respectively. Nonetheless, the ARIMA-ANN and DT methods also provided acceptable results. The study suggests adopting deep learning models for predicting atmospheric PM2.5 in Bangladesh.
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Lee M, Carter E, Yan L, Chan Q, Elliott P, Ezzati M, Kelly F, Schauer JJ, Wu Y, Yang X, Zhao L, Baumgartner J. Determinants of personal exposure to PM 2.5 and black carbon in Chinese adults: A repeated-measures study in villages using solid fuel energy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106297. [PMID: 33395942 PMCID: PMC7762838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is a leading health risk factor. The variance components and contributions of indoor versus outdoor source determinants of personal exposure to air pollution are poorly understood, especially in settings of household solid fuel use. We conducted a panel study with up to 4 days of repeated measures of integrated gravimetric personal exposure to PM2.5 and black carbon in 787 men and women (ages 40-79) living in peri-urban villages in northern (Beijing and Shanxi) and southern (Guangxi) China. We simultaneously measured outdoor PM2.5 and collected questionnaire data on sociodemographic characteristics and indoor pollution sources including tobacco smoking and solid fuel stove use. We obtained over 2000 days of personal exposure monitoring which showed higher exposures in the heating season (geometric mean (GM): 108 versus 65 μg/m3 in the non-heating season for PM2.5) and among northern participants (GM: 90 versus 59 μg/m3 in southern China in the non-heating season for PM2.5). We used mixed-effects models to estimate within- and between-participant variance components and to assess the determinants of exposures. Within-participant variance in exposure dominated the total variability (68-95%). Outdoor PM2.5 was the dominant variable for explaining within-participant variance in exposure to PM2.5 (16%). Household fuel use (PM2.5: 8%; black carbon: 10%) and smoking status (PM2.5: 27%; black carbon: 5%) explained the most between-participant variance. Indoor sources (solid fuel stoves, tobacco smoking) were associated with 13-30% higher exposures to air pollution and each 10 μg/m3 increase in outdoor PM2.5 was associated with 6-8% higher exposure. Our findings indicate that repeated measurements of daily exposure are likely needed to capture longer-term exposures in settings of household solid fuel use, even within a single season, and that reducing air pollution from both outdoor and indoor sources is likely needed to achieve measurable reductions in exposures to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lee
- Department of Epidemology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ellison Carter
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Imperial College London Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frank Kelly
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; Environmental Chemistry & Technology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Yangfeng Wu
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jill Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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20
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Hasslöf H, Molnár P, Andersson EM, Spanne M, Gustafsson S, Stroh E, Engström G, Stockfelt L. Long-term exposure to air pollution and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in the Malmö diet and cancer cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110095. [PMID: 32846176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms are not fully known. Current evidence suggests that air pollution exposure contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. There are few studies investigating associations between air pollution and carotid plaques, a well-known precursor of cardiovascular disease. METHODS A Swedish population-based cohort (aged 45-64 years at recruitment) was randomly selected from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study between 1991 and 1994, of which 6103 participants underwent ultrasound examination of the right carotid artery to determine carotid plaque presence and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). Participants were assigned individual residential air pollution exposure (source-specific PM2.5, PM10, NOx, BC) at recruitment from Gaussian dispersion models. Logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders and cardiovascular risk factors, were used to investigate associations between air pollutants and prevalence of carotid plaques, and CIMT, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of carotid plaques was 35%. The mean levels of PM2.5 and PM10 at recruitment were 11 and 14 μg/m3, most of which was due to long range transport. The exposure contrast within the cohort was relatively low. PM2.5 exposure was associated with carotid plaques in a model including age and sex only (OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.20) per 1 μg/m3), but after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic status (SES) the association was weak and not significant (OR 1.05 (95% CI 0.96-1.16) per 1 μg/m3). The pattern was similar for PM10 and NOx exposure. Associations between air pollutants and plaques were slightly stronger for long-term residents and in younger participants with hypertension. There was no clear linear trend between air pollution exposure and plaque prevalence. Non-significant slightly positive associations were seen between air pollution exposures and CIMT. CONCLUSIONS In this large, well-controlled cross-sectional study at low exposure levels we found no significant associations between air pollution exposures and subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries, after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and SES. Further epidemiological studies of air pollution and intermediate outcomes are needed to explain the link between air pollution and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hasslöf
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Molnár
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva M Andersson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mårten Spanne
- Environmental Department of the City of Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Emilie Stroh
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, CRC, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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21
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Health Impact of Air Pollution from Shipping in the Baltic Sea: Effects of Different Spatial Resolutions in Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217963. [PMID: 33138267 PMCID: PMC7663031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, stricter regulations to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions and particulate air pollution from shipping were implemented in the Baltic Sea. We investigated the effects on population exposure to particles <2.5 µm (PM2.5) from shipping and estimated related morbidity and mortality in Sweden’s 21 counties at different spatial resolutions. We used a regional model to estimate exposure in Sweden and a city-scale model for Gothenburg. Effects of PM2.5 exposure on total mortality, ischemic heart disease, and stroke were estimated using exposure–response functions from the literature and combining them into disability-adjusted life years (DALYS). PM2.5 exposure from shipping in Gothenburg decreased by 7% (1.6 to 1.5 µg/m3) using the city-scale model, and 35% (0.5 to 0.3 µg/m3) using the regional model. Different population resolutions had no effects on population exposures. In the city-scale model, annual premature deaths due to shipping PM2.5 dropped from 97 with the high-sulfur scenario to 90 in the low-sulfur scenario, and in the regional model from 32 to 21. In Sweden, DALYs lost due to PM2.5 from Baltic Sea shipping decreased from approximately 5700 to 4200. In conclusion, sulfur emission restrictions for shipping had positive effects on health, but the model resolution affects estimations.
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Prabhakaran P, Jaganathan S, Walia GK, Wellenius GA, Mandal S, Kumar K, Kloog I, Lane K, Nori-Sarma A, Rosenqvist M, Dahlquist M, Reddy KS, Schwartz J, Prabhakaran D, Ljungman PLS. Building capacity for air pollution epidemiology in India. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e117. [PMID: 33134770 PMCID: PMC7553192 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution represents a major public health threat in India affecting 19% of the world's population at extreme levels. Despite this, research in India lags behind in large part due to a lack of comprehensive air pollution exposure assessment that can be used in conjunction with health data to investigate health effects. Our vision is to provide a consortium to rapidly expand the evidence base of the multiple effects of ambient air pollution. We intend to leapfrog current limitations of exposure assessment by developing a machine-learned satellite-informed spatiotemporal model to estimate daily levels of ambient fine particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) at a fine spatial scale across all of India. To catalyze health effects research on an unprecedented scale, we will make the output from this model publicly available. In addition, we will also apply these PM2.5 estimates to study the health outcomes of greatest public health importance in India, including cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pregnancy (and birth) outcomes, and cognitive development and/or decline. Thus, our efforts will directly generate actionable new evidence on the myriad effects of air pollution on health that can inform policy decisions, while providing a comprehensive and publicly available resource for future studies on both exposure and health effects. In this commentary, we discuss the motivation, rationale, and vision for our consortium and a path forward for reducing the enormous burden of disease from air pollution in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kishore Kumar
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Itai Kloog
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Kevin Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Center for Environmental Health and Technology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Marten Rosenqvist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Dahlquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi-NCR, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Department of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petter L S Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Zhang H, Deng W, Yang Y, Wei S, Xue L, Tao S. Pharmaceutic application of vitamin D 3 on particle-induced fibrotic effects through induction of Nrf2 signals. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:55-66. [PMID: 32742635 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter, a major air pollutant across the world, causes a series of pulmonary diseases. Vitamin D is a typical vitamin with emerging roles in inflammation and fibrosis. Different situations and diseases need different doses and modes of vitamin D administration, which challenges the existing vitamin D supplementary rules. Thus, studies of vitamin D applications and their mechanisms in various diseases are important for its future therapeutic applications. In this study, the therapeutic application of vitamin D3 in chronic particle-exposure-associated lung fibrosis and tissue remodeling was investigated. In vivo studies showed that vitamin D3 significantly attenuated fibrosis effects by decreasing α-smooth muscle actin-regulated extracellular matrix deposition and restoring expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin. With the importance of activated macrophage in the regulation of local epithelium and fibroblast in the process of tissue fibrosis, two separate in vitro systems of co-culture of macrophages with lung epithelium or fibroblast were built. The results confirmed that vitamin D3 promoted the proliferation of lung epithelium and depressed the fibrosis effects of fibroblasts as well. In addition, our results indicated that the therapeutic effects of vitamin D3 were through Nrf2 signals. Our work provides convincing experimental evidence for vitamin D therapeutic application to promote tissue repair and improve particle-associated lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Youjing Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Shuhui Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Lian Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Shasha Tao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.,Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, PR China
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Walia GK, Mandal S, Jaganathan S, Jaacks LM, Sieber NL, Dhillon PK, Krishna B, Magsumbol MS, Madhipatla KK, Kondal D, Cash RA, Reddy KS, Schwartz J, Prabhakaran D. Leveraging Existing Cohorts to Study Health Effects of Air Pollution on Cardiometabolic Disorders: India Global Environmental and Occupational Health Hub. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630220915688. [PMID: 32341651 PMCID: PMC7171984 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220915688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a growing public health concern in developing countries and poses a huge epidemiological burden. Despite the growing awareness of ill effects of air pollution, the evidence linking air pollution and health effects is sparse. This requires environmental exposure scientist and public health researchers to work more cohesively to generate evidence on health impacts of air pollution in developing countries for policy advocacy. In the Global Environmental and Occupational Health (GEOHealth) Program, we aim to build exposure assessment model to estimate ambient air pollution exposure at a very fine resolution which can be linked with health outcomes leveraging well-phenotyped cohorts which have information on geolocation of households of study participants. We aim to address how air pollution interacts with meteorological and weather parameters and other aspects of the urban environment, occupational classification, and socioeconomic status, to affect cardiometabolic risk factors and disease outcomes. This will help us generate evidence for cardiovascular health impacts of ambient air pollution in India needed for necessary policy advocacy. The other exploratory aims are to explore mediatory role of the epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation) and vitamin D exposure in determining the association between air pollution exposure and cardiovascular health outcomes. Other components of the GEOHealth program include building capacity and strengthening the skills of public health researchers in India through variety of training programs and international collaborations. This will help generate research capacity to address environmental and occupational health research questions in India. The expertise that we bring together in GEOHealth hub are public health, clinical epidemiology, environmental exposure science, statistical modeling, and policy advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy L Sieber
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bhargav Krishna
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dimple Kondal
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC), New Delhi, India
| | - Richard A Cash
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC), New Delhi, India
- Department of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Baumgartner J, Brauer M, Ezzati M. The role of cities in reducing the cardiovascular impacts of environmental pollution in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Med 2020; 18:39. [PMID: 32089131 PMCID: PMC7038592 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-1499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As low- and middle-income countries urbanize and industrialize, they must also cope with pollution emitted from diverse sources. MAIN TEXT Strong and consistent evidence associates exposure to air pollution and lead with increased risk of cardiovascular disease occurrence and death. Further, increasing evidence, mostly from high-income countries, indicates that exposure to noise and to both high and low temperatures may also increase cardiovascular risk. There is considerably less research on the cardiovascular impacts of environmental conditions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the levels of pollution are often higher and the types and sources of pollution markedly different from those in higher-income settings. However, as such evidence gathers, actions to reduce exposures to pollution in low- and middle-income countries are warranted, not least because such exposures are very high. Cities, where pollution, populations, and other cardiovascular risk factors are most concentrated, may be best suited to reduce the cardiovascular burden in LMICs by applying environmental standards and policies to mitigate pollution and by implementing interventions that target the most vulnerable. The physical environment of cities can be improved though municipal processes, including infrastructure development, energy and transportation planning, and public health actions. Local regulations can incentivize or inhibit the polluting behaviors of industries and individuals. Environmental monitoring can be combined with public health warning systems and publicly available exposure maps to inform residents of environmental hazards and encourage the adoption of pollution-avoiding behaviors. Targeted individual or neighborhood interventions that identify and treat high-risk populations (e.g., lead mitigation, portable air cleaners, and preventative medications) can also be leveraged in the very near term. Research will play a key role in evaluating whether these approaches achieve their intended benefits, and whether these benefits reach the most vulnerable. CONCLUSION Cities in LMICs can play a defining role in global health and cardiovascular disease prevention in the next several decades, as they are well poised to develop innovative, multisectoral approaches to pollution mitigation, while also protecting the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Baumgartner
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Center for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for NCD Surveillance and Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Giechaskiel B, Bonnel P, Perujo A, Dilara P. Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234819. [PMID: 31801216 PMCID: PMC6926649 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for gaseous pollutants were firstly introduced in the United States regulation to check the in-use compliance of heavy-duty engines, avoiding the high costs of removing the engine and testing it on a dynamometer in the laboratory. In Europe, the in-service conformity of heavy-duty engines has been checked with PEMS for gaseous pollutants since 2014. To strengthen emissions regulations with a view to minimise the differences between on-road and laboratory emission levels in some cases, PEMS testing, including solid particle number (SPN), was introduced for the type-approval of light-duty vehicles in Europe in 2017 and for in-service conformity in 2019. SPN-PEMS for heavy-duty engines will be introduced in 2021. This paper gives an overview of the studies for SPN-PEMS from early 2013 with the first prototypes until the latest testing and improvements in 2019. The first prototype diffusion charger (DC) based systems had high differences from the reference laboratory systems at the first light-duty vehicles campaign. Tightening of the technical requirements and improvements from the instrument manufacturers resulted in differences of around 50%. Similar differences were found in an inter-laboratory comparison exercise with the best performing DC- and CPC- (condensation particle counter) based system. The heavy-duty evaluation phase at a single lab and later at various European laboratories revealed higher differences due to the small size of the urea generated particles and their high charge at elevated temperatures. This issue, along with robustness at low ambient temperatures, was addressed by the instrument manufacturers bringing the measurement uncertainty to the 50% levels. This measurement uncertainty needs to be considered at the on-road emission results measured with PEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barouch Giechaskiel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy; (P.B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-785312
| | - Pierre Bonnel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy; (P.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Adolfo Perujo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy; (P.B.); (A.P.)
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Air Pollution as a Cause of Obesity: Micro-Level Evidence from Chinese Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214296. [PMID: 31694267 PMCID: PMC6862654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chinese air pollution is obviously increasing, and the government makes efforts to strengthen air pollution treatment. Although adverse health effects gradually emerge, research determining individual vulnerability is limited. This study estimated the relationship between air pollution and obesity. Individual information of 13,414 respondents from 125 cities is used in the analysis. This study employs ordinary least squares (OLS) and multinomial logit model (m-logit) to estimate the impact of air pollution on obesity. We choose different air pollution and Body Mass Index (BMI) indicators for estimation. Empirical results show Air Quality Index (AQI) is significantly positively associated with the BMI score. As AQI adds one unit, the BMI score increases 0.031 (SE = 0.002; p < 0.001). The influence coefficients of particle size smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particle size smaller than 10 μm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the BMI score are 0.034 (SE = 0.002; p < 0.001), 0.023 (SE = 0.001; p < 0.001), 0.52 (SE = 0.095; p < 0.001), 0.045 (SE = 0.004; p < 0.001), 0.021 (SE = 0.002; p < 0.001), 0.008 (SE = 0.003; p = 0.015), respectively. Generally, air pollution has an adverse effect on body weight. CO is the most influential pollutant, and female, middle-aged, and low-education populations are more severely affected. The results confirm that the adverse health effects of air pollution should be considered when making the air pollution policies. Findings also provide justification for health interventions, especially for people with obesity.
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