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Batitucci G, Abud GF, Ortiz GU, Belisário LF, Travieso SG, de Lima Viliod MC, Venturini ACR, de Freitas EC. Sarcobesity: New paradigms for healthy aging related to taurine supplementation, gut microbiota and exercise. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102460. [PMID: 39173917 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Enigmatic sarcopenic obesity is still a challenge for science and adds to the global public health burden. The progressive accumulation of body fat combined with a dysfunctional skeletal muscle structure and composition, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and anabolic resistance, among other aggravating factors, together represent the seriousness and complexity of treating the metabolic disorder of sarcobesity in aging. For this reason, further studies are needed that encourage the support of therapeutic management. It is along these lines that we direct the reader to therapeutic approaches that demonstrate important, but still obscure, outcomes in the physiological conditions of sarcobesity, such as the role of taurine in modulating inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in muscle and adipose tissue, as well as the management of gut microbiota, able to systemically re-establish the structure and function of the gut-muscle axis, in addition to the merits of physical exercise as an instrument to improve muscular health and lifestyle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Batitucci
- School of Medical Sciences, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ferreira Abud
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ueta Ortiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fernandes Belisário
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - EEFERP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Sofia Germano Travieso
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Coffacci de Lima Viliod
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - EEFERP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossini Venturini
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - EEFERP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - EEFERP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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Sharp T, Slattery K, Coutts AJ, van Gogh M, Ralph L, Wallace L. Solving the High-Intensity Multimodal Training Prescription Puzzle: A Systematic Mapping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:82. [PMID: 39039351 PMCID: PMC11263329 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-Intensity Multimodal Training (HIMT) refers to all styles of high-intensity combined aerobic, resistance and/or bodyweight exercise. Previous heterogeneity in exercise prescription and reporting in HIMT reduces the understanding of which factors should be considered when prescribing HIMT (e.g., exercise volume, intensity, duration). Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of HIMT on health and performance outcomes. However, methodological disparities limit comparisons between findings. The objective of this systematic mapping review was to examine which prescriptive considerations and health and performance outcomes have been reported on in HIMT. This review also examined the quantity and trends of research conducted on HIMT. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases and additional sources to identify studies up until February 2023. A total of 37,090 records were retrieved, of which 220 were included for review. 246 individual HIMT protocols were included for categorical analysis against the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS). RESULTS A total of 85 unique terms were used to describe HIMT. Included studies most commonly prescribed HIMT using a consistent exercise selection and circuit format. Exercise intensity was inconsistently reported on and a large proportion of studies prescribed 'high-intensity' exercise at a level lower than the American College of Sports Medicine criteria for high-intensity (i.e., < 77% heart rate maximum). Participation location, supervision and participation format were the most commonly reported non-training variables. The most frequently reported outcomes were cardiovascular health, perceptual outcomes, body composition and biochemical outcomes. A large proportion of previous HIMT research was experimental in design. CONCLUSIONS Previous HIMT research demonstrates a lack of standardisation in reporting. Future studies should seek to follow guidelines (i.e., CERT) to improve reporting rigour. Additionally, forthcoming research should attempt to actively involve practitioners in implementation studies to improve ecological validity among interventions. Finally, future outcome measures should be accessible in practice and reflect common training goals of participants. REGISTRATION This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PREREGISTRATION osf.io/yknq4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Sharp
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Katie Slattery
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Aaron J Coutts
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mikah van Gogh
- Australian College of Physical Education, 10 Parkview Dr, Sydney Olympic Park, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lara Ralph
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lee Wallace
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Wohlgemuth KJ, Conner MJ, Tinsley GM, Palmer TB, Mota JA. Strategies for Improving Firefighter Health On-Shift: A Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:105. [PMID: 38921641 PMCID: PMC11204757 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The fire service suffers from high rates of cardiovascular disease and poor overall health, and firefighters often suffer fatal and non-fatal injuries while on the job. Most fatal injuries result from sudden cardiac death, while non-fatal injuries are to the musculoskeletal system. Previous works suggest a mechanistic link between several health and performance variables and injury risk. In addition, studies have suggested physical activity and nutrition can improve overall health and occupational performance. This review offers practical applications for exercise via feasible training modalities as well as nutritional recommendations that can positively impact performance on the job. Time-efficient training modalities like high-intensity interval training and feasible modalities such as resistance training offer numerous benefits for firefighters. Also, modifying and supplementing the diet and can be advantageous for health and body composition in the fire service. Firefighters have various schedules, making it difficult for planned exercise and eating while on shift. The practical training and nutritional aspects discussed in this review can be implemented on-shift to improve the overall health and performance in firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealey J. Wohlgemuth
- Neuromuscular and Occupational Performance Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | | | - Grant M. Tinsley
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Ty B. Palmer
- Muscular Assessment Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Jacob A. Mota
- Neuromuscular and Occupational Performance Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Picca A, Tosato M, Landi F, Marzetti E. Engagement in Aerobic Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Severe Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040655. [PMID: 37109041 PMCID: PMC10144721 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to test the association between adherence to specific exercise modalities and sarcopenia severity in Italian older adults. Data were collected as part of the ongoing Longevity Check-Up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project. Lookup 7+ began in June 2015 and has since been conducted in unconventional settings (e.g., exhibitions, malls, social events) throughout Italy. In the present study, we used data on adults 65 years and older. Sarcopenia was identified according to the simultaneous presence of dynapenia and low appendicular muscle mass. Muscle strength was measured by isometric handgrip and sit-to-stand (STS) testing. Sarcopenia was categorized as severe if participants reported difficulty or inability to walk 400 m. Engagement in running and/or swimming (RS) or strength training with or without stretching (SS) was used to define exercise modalities. Analyses were conducted in 3289 participants (mean age: 72.7 ± 5.7 years; 1814 women). The results of the binary regression showed negative associations between RS and the presence of STS-based sarcopenia in women, and between RS and STS-based severe sarcopenia in men. Collectively, these findings indicate that RS is negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in large sample of relatively unselected Italian older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Abazari O, Shakibaee A, Shahriary A, Arabzadeh E, Hofmeister M. Hepatoprotective effects of moderate-intensity interval training along with ginger juice in an old male rat model. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:437-452. [PMID: 36692542 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process coupled with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, gradually associated with losing organ function over time. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to peruse the protective effects of 8-week moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) and ginger extract supplementation on some biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in the liver of elderly males Wistar rats (animal study with ethical code IR.BMSU.REC.1401.015). A total of thirty-two 22-month-aged male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) control, (2) MIIT, (3) ginger, and (4) MIIT + ginger. After 8 weeks of treadmill training and ginger extract supplementation, the biochemical parameters (liver enzyme and lipid profile), inflammatory mediators (leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6), pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde), antioxidant biomarkers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity), some lipid metabolism regulators (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, CD36, and AMP-activated protein kinase), and liver histopathological changes were appraised. The acquired findings pointed out that MIIT combined with ginger extract appreciably diminished the serum levels of LRG1, liver enzymes, and lipid profile relative to the other groups after 8 weeks of intervention. Furthermore, ginger + MIIT caused a great improvement in the liver levels of antioxidant biomarkers, pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory biomarkers, lipid metabolism regulators, and liver tissue impairment compared to the other groups. The findings suggested that MIIT + ginger was more effective in improving examined indices relative to the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Abazari
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakibaee
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Hofmeister
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Consumer Centre of the German Federal State of Bavaria, Munich, Germany
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Buriticá-Marín ED, Daza-Arana JE, Jaramillo-Losada J, Riascos-Zuñiga AR, Ordoñez-Mora LT. Effects of a Physical Exercise Program on the Physical Capacities of Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:273-282. [PMID: 36851976 PMCID: PMC9960785 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s388052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure the effects of an exercise program on the physical capacities of older adults such as strength, flexibility, balance, and aerobic capacity. Patients and Methods This was a quasi-experimental study on a population of 5550 older adults and a sample of 4830 participants in an active aging program designed by the Municipal Health Secretary. The exercise program lasted 12 months, and pre-and post-program intervention measures were recorded using the senior fitness test. Results Most participants were women (92.4%) and their mean age was 70.7 years (standard deviation, 7.3 years; range, 60-97 years). All areas showed significant differences before and after the program in terms of the participants' physical capabilities (p < 0.05), muscular strength and flexibility had a more significant mean difference and a large effect (>0.80), except for aerobic capacity, which had a small effect. Conclusion The present study revealed that a supervised physical exercise program at the community level has positive effects on the physical capacities of coordination, balance, flexibility, strength, and aerobic capacity, which are essential components for a better functional capacity at this stage of life, with improvements that encompassed the improved self-perception of their health status, a reduction of overweight and obesity. The reinforcement of these programs is recommended, consequently, promoting pre-sport games and sports championships among the elderly population, as a public health strategy.
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Ni PS, Ma S, Wang ZZ, He JH, Zhang CK, Li BM, Yu XM, Li FH. Indirect regulation of HIPPO pathway by miRNA mediates high-intensity intermittent exercise to ameliorate aging skeletal muscle function. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:834-847. [PMID: 36789636 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced microRNA (miRNA) and HIPPO pathways participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on miRNA expression and the HIPPO pathway in the skeletal muscle of aging rats to determine its role in the amelioration of muscle aging. Thirty-six 18-month-old female rats were randomly divided into sedentary control (SED, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 12), and HIIT (n = 12) groups, with continuous exercise for 8 months. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, KEGG enrichment, and dual-luciferase assays were performed on the target skeletal muscle. Compared with the SED group, the MICT and HIIT groups showed a significant trend of improvement in Lee's index and grip strength and a marked increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, apoptosis, antioxidant, and lipolysis-related protein expression. They also exhibited PI3K/AKT pathway activation and a decrease in expression of HIPPO pathway-related proteins; 20 miRNAs were differentially expressed and enriched in the exercise group compared with the SED group, including the HIPPO pathway and metabolic pathways. Further analysis of L6 cells confirmed that miR-182 may target PTEN, which indirectly regulates HIPPO signaling, but not Mob1. the combined application of HIIT and MICT increased the antioxidant and lipolytic capacities of skeletal muscle and improved atrophy of aging skeletal muscle; HIIT was more effective than MICT. This may be related to HIIT-mediated AKT pathway activation and HIPPO pathway inhibition by miRNAs (miR-486 and miR-182).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shi Ni
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Ma
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhi Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Han He
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zhang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Ming Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,School of Sport Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
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Stern G, Psycharakis SG, Phillips SM. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Functional Movement in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 36641767 PMCID: PMC9840985 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preserving physiological functional capacity (PFC), the ability to perform the activities of daily life, and the ease with which they can be performed, in older adults, defined for this study as ≥ 50 years of age, is an important consideration for maintaining health and independence through the ageing process. Physical activity, and exercise training in particular, has been positively associated with improvement in PFC. In addition to improving aerobic and anaerobic capacity, promoting and preserving functional movement as a component of PFC is an important goal of physical activity, especially for older adults. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), an exercise protocol where repeated bouts of increased intensity are interspersed with active or passive recovery periods, has often been studied as an alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) exercise, where a continuous intensity is maintained throughout the exercise session. A large body of research has determined that both types of exercise programme are effective in improving measures of aerobic and anaerobic fitness in older adults. However, the effect of the two exercise modalities on functional movement has most often been a secondary outcome, with a range of observational techniques applied for measurement. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this research is to systematically review and meta-analyse published studies of HIIT interventions that measured functional movement in older adults to conclude if HIIT is effective for improving functional movement. A secondary objective is to determine if there are significant differences between HIIT and MICT effect on functional movement. METHODS A search strategy of terms locating studies of HIIT interventions, functional movement outcome measures, and older adult population samples was executed on seven digital databases. Randomized and pair-matched trials of > 2 weeks were considered for inclusion. Studies of participants with neurological impairment or studies using combined exercise modality were rejected. Standardized mean difference for functional movement outcome measures was calculated. A meta-analysis of the included studies and subgroups was performed along with study quality (risk of bias and publication bias) evaluation. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in random effects model pooled analysis. Subgroup analysis of HIIT versus MICT on functional movement showed a trivial effect in favour of HIIT (ES 0.13, 95% CI [-0.06, 0.33] p = 0.18) and did not achieve statistical significance. However, HIIT showed a medium, statistically significant favourable effect on functional movement versus non-intervention control (ES = 0.60 95% CI [0.24, 0.95] p = 0.001). Further subgroups analysis using singular and multiple functional movement outcome measures showed similar results. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that HIIT interventions in older adults may be effective at promoting improvements in functional movement, though it is unclear whether HIIT is superior to MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Stern
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Human Performance Science Research Group, Moray House School of Education & Sport, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland ,Sport & Exercise Physiology, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Stelios G. Psycharakis
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Biomechanics, Moray House School of Education & Sport, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Shaun M. Phillips
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,Sport & Exercise Physiology, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
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McDougle JM, Mangine GT, Townsend JR, Jajtner AR, Feito Y. Acute physiological outcomes of high-intensity functional training: a scoping review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14493. [PMID: 36620744 PMCID: PMC9817969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to high-intensity functional training (HIFT) have been conducted. However, due to a restricted pool of available research, these investigations are often limited in scope. As such, a scoping review investigating the present literature surrounding the acute physiological response to HIFT-based exercise was chosen as a more appropriate structured review. Methodology A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Three large scale databases were searched to reveal any article pertaining to HIFT and related exercise terminology. Results A total of 2,241 articles were found during the initial search. Following this, titles, then abstracts, and full-texts were reviewed to determine inclusion eligibility. A total of 60 articles which investigated a combined total of 35 unique HIFT workouts were included within this review. Conclusions A variety of physiological parameters and HIFT workouts have been examined. Markers of intensity (e.g., blood lactate concentrations, heart rate) have been most consistently assessed across all studies, and these support the idea that HIFT workouts are typically performed at high-intensity. In contrast, the inclusion of most other measures (e.g., hormonal, markers of inflammation and damage, energy expenditure, performance) has been inconsistent and has thus, limited the possibility for making generalized conclusions. Differences in study methodologies have further impacted conclusions, as different studies have varied in sample population characteristics, workouts assessed, and time points. Though it may be impossible to comprehensively research all possible HIFT workouts, consistent adoption of population definitions and workload quantification may overcome this challenge and assist with future comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. McDougle
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Gerald T. Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Adam R. Jajtner
- Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Yuri Feito
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States,American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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The feasibility of a multimodal exercise program for sedentary postmenopausal women with urinary incontinence: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Maturitas 2023; 167:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mehmood S, Khan A, Farooqui S, Zahoor AW, Adnan QUA, Khan U. High-intensity circuit training for improving anthropometric parameters for women from low socioeconomic communities of Sikandarabad: A clinical trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275895. [PMID: 36251656 PMCID: PMC9576086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An alarming trend of sustained physical inactivity has been observed among women in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, mainly due to the lack of time and high cost of gym facilities. Although physical activity essentially contributes to disease prevention, evidence supporting time-efficient exercise on anthropometric measures is limited. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of interval-based high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on anthropometric measures and the nature of the relationship between these measures. Methods A single-group, quasi-experimental study was conducted in the community park of Ziauddin Hospital at Sikandarabad. Sixty women who were overweight and had sedentary lifestyles were recruited for a six-week HICT-based program conducted at 85%–95% maximum heart rate (MHR) on every alternate day. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 6-weeks including anthropometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BF%], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). Results The six-week HICT-based program demonstrated a significant reduction in BMI (p<0.001), BF% (p<0.001), and WHR (p<0.001). Reductions in the BMI mean from 27.3±1.3 to 25.1±1.4 and BF% mean from 31.9±2.3 to 27.6±2.4 were observed following 18 sessions of HICT. The effect of age on BF% and WHR was linearly significant (p<0.001) with increasing age (BF%) and WHR. Conclusion Interval-based HICT was an effective exercise regimen for improving BMI, BF%, and WHR. Furthermore, the exercise protocol was feasible and well tolerated, with no reported adverse events, and it could be easily implemented in real-world community settings. BF% and WHR were significantly influenced by increasing age; therefore, our findings support the importance of exercise implementation, especially with increasing age, for the maintenance of a disease-free healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mehmood
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amna Khan
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sumaira Farooqui
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Al-Wardha Zahoor
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain Adnan
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Usman Khan
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Alzar-Teruel M, Aibar-Almazán A, Hita-Contreras F, Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Martínez-Amat A, Jiménez-García JD, Fábrega-Cuadros R, Castellote-Caballero Y. High-intensity interval training among middle-aged and older adults for body composition and muscle strength: A systematic review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992706. [PMID: 36249241 PMCID: PMC9557068 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aging of population is leading to the investigation of new options to achieve healthy aging. One of these options is high-intensity interval training (HIIT), although its effects on body composition and muscle strength are currently unclear. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the scientific publications on the effects of HIIT on the body composition and muscle strength of middle-aged and older adults. Methods The search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Plus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO databases without limitation of publication dates. The literature search, data extraction and systematic review were performed following the PRISMA standards and the risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias. Results Initially 520 publications were identified, out of which a total of 8 articles were finally selected to be included in this systematic review. Improvements in body composition were seen in six of the selected items and an increase in muscle strength in seven of the eight. Regarding physical function, improvements were found in both gait speed and balance. Conclusions This systematic review found that HIIT is effective in improving body composition and increasing muscle strength. However, when comparing HIIT to moderate-intensity continuous training, it is not clear that HIIT is more beneficial; a firm conclusion cannot be drawn due to the scarcity of published studies, their variety in methodology and the ambiguity of their results, so it is suggested to carry out more research in this area.
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Scoubeau C, Bonnechère B, Cnop M, Faoro V, Klass M. Effectiveness of Whole-Body High-Intensity Interval Training on Health-Related Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159559. [PMID: 35954911 PMCID: PMC9367756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to its versatility, whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT) can be proposed to the general population and patients to improve health-related fitness. However, its effectiveness compared to traditional aerobic continuous or interval trainings has yet to be determined. A search of four electronic databases was conducted. Studies reporting the effects of WB-HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fat mass, fat-free mass, musculoskeletal fitness and metabolic risk factors were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) between WB-HIIT and no exercise or traditional aerobic trainings were calculated. A meta-regression assessed the effect of total training time on the different outcomes. Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and nineteen in the meta-analysis. Compared to no exercise, WB-HIIT improves CRF (SMD: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.28, 1.23; p < 0.001), fat-free mass (SMD: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.65; p < 0.001), fat mass (SMD: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.09, 0.72; p < 0.001) and musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.61, 1.08; p < 0.001). Compared to other aerobic trainings, WB-HIIT has a lower effect on CRF (SMD: −0.40; 95%CI: −0.70, −0.11; p = 0.007), a similar effect on fat-free mass (SMD: −0.04; 95%CI: −0.44, 0.35; p = 0.8) and fat mass (SMD: −0.07; 95%CI: −0.39, 0.25; p = 0.7), and a larger effect on musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.71; p = 0.003). WB-HIIT overall effect and specific effect on CRF and fat mass were associated with total training time. The systematic review did not provide evidence of metabolic risk improvement. Despite a slightly lower effect on CRF, WB-HIIT is equally effective as traditional aerobic trainings to improve body composition and more effective to enhance musculoskeletal fitness, which is essential for execution of daily tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Scoubeau
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; (C.S.); (V.F.)
| | - Bruno Bonnechère
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Vitalie Faoro
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; (C.S.); (V.F.)
| | - Malgorzata Klass
- Research Unit in Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Youssef L, Granet J, Marcangeli V, Dulac M, Hajj-Boutros G, Reynaud O, Buckinx F, Gaudreau P, Morais JA, Mauriège P, Gouspillou G, Noirez P, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Clinical and Biological Adaptations in Obese Older Adults Following 12-Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071346. [PMID: 35885872 PMCID: PMC9315493 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and obesity are considered a double health burden. Therefore, the implementation of effective strategies is needed to improve the quality of life of older obese individuals. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on functional capacities, muscle function, body composition and blood biomarkers in obese older adults. Adipose tissue gene expression and markers of muscle mitochondrial content and quality control involved in exercise adaptations were also investigated. Sixty-eight participants performed either HIIT (n = 34) on an elliptical trainer or MICT (n = 34) on a treadmill, three times per week for 12 weeks. HIIT produced significantly higher benefits on some physical parameters (six-minute walking test (HIIT: +12.4% vs. MICT: +5.2%); step test (HIIT: +17.02% vs. MICT: +5.9%); ten-repetition chair test (HIIT: −17.04% vs. MICT: −4.7%)). Although both HIIT and MICT led to an improvement in lower limb power (HIIT: +25.2% vs. MICT: +20.4%), only MICT led to higher improvement in lower limb muscle strength (HIIT: +4.3% vs. MICT: +23.2%). HIIT was more beneficial for increasing total lean body mass (HIIT: +1.58% vs. MICT: −0.81%), while MICT was more effective for decreasing relative gynoid fat mass (HIIT: −1.09% vs. MICT: −4.20%). Regarding adipose tissue gene expression, a significant change was observed for cell death-inducing DFFA (DNA fragmentation factor-alpha)-like effector A (CIDEA) in the HIIT group (A.U; HIIT at T0: 32.10 ± 39.37 vs. HIIT at T12: 48.2 ± 59.2). Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) content, a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis, increased significantly following HIIT (+36.2%) and MICT (+57.2%). A significant increase was observed in the HIIT group for Translocase of Outer Membrane 20 (TOM20; +54.1%; marker of mitochondrial content), Mitofusin-2 (MFN2; +71.6%; marker of mitochondrial fusion) and Parkin RBR E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (PARKIN; +42.3%; marker of mitophagy). Overall, our results indicate that even though MICT (walking on treadmill) and HIIT (on an elliptical) are effective intervention strategies in obese older adults, HIIT appears to have slightly more beneficial effects. More specifically, HIIT led to higher improvements than MICT on functional capacities, lean mass and skeletal muscle markers of mitochondrial content, fusion, and mitophagy. Thus, MICT but also HIIT (time-efficient training) could be recommended as exercise modalities for obese older adults to maintain or improve mobility, health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layale Youssef
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut, Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada; (J.G.); (F.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Jordan Granet
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut, Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada; (J.G.); (F.B.); (G.G.)
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (V.M.); (M.D.); (O.R.)
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Vincent Marcangeli
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (V.M.); (M.D.); (O.R.)
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Maude Dulac
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (V.M.); (M.D.); (O.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (G.H.-B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Guy Hajj-Boutros
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (G.H.-B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Olivier Reynaud
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada; (V.M.); (M.D.); (O.R.)
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Fanny Buckinx
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut, Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada; (J.G.); (F.B.); (G.G.)
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada;
| | - José A. Morais
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (G.H.-B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Pascale Mauriège
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada;
- Département de Kinésiologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut, Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada; (J.G.); (F.B.); (G.G.)
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (G.H.-B.); (J.A.M.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Philippe Noirez
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
- PSMS, UFR STAPS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- T3S, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), INSEP, Université Paris Cité, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (M.A.-L.)
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut, Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada; (J.G.); (F.B.); (G.G.)
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (M.A.-L.)
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Sebastião E, Mangino M, Kim H, Siqueira V, Camic C. High Intensity Interval Training among middle-aged and older adults: a review of protocols and outcomes. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Liu QQ, Xie WQ, Luo YX, Li YD, Huang WH, Wu YX, Li YS. High Intensity Interval Training: A Potential Method for Treating Sarcopenia. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:857-872. [PMID: 35656091 PMCID: PMC9152764 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s366245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related disease characterized by loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, has attracted the attention of medical experts due to its severe morbidity, low living quality, high expenditure of health care, and mortality. Traditionally, persistent aerobic exercise (PAE) is considered as a valid way to attenuate muscular atrophy. However, nowadays, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a more effective and time-efficient method to replace traditional exercise modes. HIIT displays comprehensive effects on exercise capacity and skeletal muscle metabolism, and it provides a time-out for the recovery of cardiopulmonary and muscular functions without causing severe adverse effects. Studies demonstrated that compared with PAE, HIIT showed similar or even higher effects in improving muscle strength, enhancing physical performances and increasing muscle mass of elder people. Therefore, HIIT might become a promising way to cope with the age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function. However, it is worth mentioning that no study of HIIT was conducted directly on sarcopenia patients, which is attributed to the suspicious of safety and validity. In this review, we will assess the effects of different training parameters on muscle and sarcopenia, summarize previous papers which compared the effects of HIIT and PAE in improving muscle quality and function, and evaluate the potential of HIIT to replace the status of PAE in treating old people with muscle atrophy and low modality; and point out drawbacks of temporary experiments. Our aim is to discuss the feasibility of HIIT to treat sarcopenia and provide a reference for clinical scientists who want to utilize HIIT as a new way to cope with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xuan Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Dan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Huang
- Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, People’s Republic of China
- Yu-Xiang Wu, Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 27 8422 6921, Email
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Li, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13975889696, Email
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17
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Mahatme S, K V, Kumar N, Rao V, Kovela RK, Sinha MK. Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic health outcomes and mitochondrial function in older adults: a review. Med Pharm Rep 2022; 95:115-130. [PMID: 35721039 PMCID: PMC9176307 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise being a potent stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, there is a need to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) among older adults. This review explores and summarizes the impact of HIIT on mitochondria and various cardio-metabolic health outcomes among older adults, healthy and with comorbid conditions. Electronic databases were scrutinized for literature using permutations of keywords related to (i) Elderly population (ii) HIIT (iii) Mitochondria, cell organelles, and (iv) cardio-metabolic health outcomes. Twenty-one studies that met the inclusion criteria are included in this review. HIIT is an innovative therapeutic modality in preserving mitochondrial quality with age and serves to be a viable, safe, and beneficial exercise alternative in both ill and healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Mahatme
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaishali K
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishree Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Krishna Kovela
- Department of Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Sinha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Sharp T, Grandou C, Coutts AJ, Wallace L. The Effects of High-Intensity Multimodal Training in Apparently Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:43. [PMID: 35348924 PMCID: PMC8964907 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity multimodal training (HIMT) is emerging as a popular training method that combines aerobic and resistance training throughout a single exercise session. The current literature is limited by a lack of terminology that broadly encompasses all styles of combined aerobic and resistance training. The magnitude of chronic or long-term (i.e. ≥ 4 weeks) effects of HIMT participation on aerobic and muscular fitness also remains unclear. Additionally, one of many complex reasons for the growing popularity of HIMT may be attributed to the affective response to exercise, namely levels of enjoyment. However, this concept is not yet well understood across all styles of HIMT. A comprehensive systematic review is required to synthesise the available literature and attempt to provide an operational definition of HIMT to capture the breadth of combined training styles that exist. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to determine the chronic effects of HIMT participation on aerobic and muscular fitness and to compare HIMT to established concurrent training methods. Enjoyability and other adherence-related subjective responses were also examined in HIMT participants. This review critically assessed the level of evidence and feasibility of current HIMT guidelines. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus to identify studies up until March 2021. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included for review. Studies generally reported moderate to large effects on aerobic fitness and subjective responses in favour of HIMT interventions. Mixed outcomes were demonstrated in muscular fitness. These results should be treated with caution due to high risk of bias among included studies. CONCLUSIONS Few studies have assessed the chronic effects of HIMT participation on aerobic, and musculoskeletal adaptations and subjective responses, in particular exercise enjoyment. Research conclusions are limited by heterogeneity of experimental protocols and outcome measures. Furthermore, the inability of the literature to make adequate comparisons between various styles of HIMT and other concurrent training protocols limits understandings of the efficacy of HIMT. Registration This systematic review was registered on the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/2RE4B; 26 March 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Sharp
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology, Sydney Human Performance Research Centre, Moore Park, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Clementine Grandou
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology, Sydney Human Performance Research Centre, Moore Park, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron J Coutts
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology, Sydney Human Performance Research Centre, Moore Park, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee Wallace
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology, Sydney Human Performance Research Centre, Moore Park, Sydney, Australia
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Gavanda S, Isenmann E, Geisler S, Faigenbaum A, Zinner C. The Effects of High-Intensity Functional Training Compared with Traditional Strength or Endurance Training on Physical Performance in Adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:624-632. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Meng X, Wu Y, Liang Y, Zhang D, Xu Z, Yang X, Meng L. A Triple-Network Dynamic Connection Study in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:862958. [PMID: 35444581 PMCID: PMC9013774 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.862958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was associated with abnormal organization and function of large-scale brain networks. We applied group independent component analysis (Group ICA) to construct the triple-network consisting of the saliency network (SN), the central executive network (CEN), and the default mode network (DMN) in 25 AD, 60 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 60 cognitively normal (CN) subjects. To explore the dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC), we investigated dynamic time-varying triple-network interactions in subjects using Group ICA analysis based on k-means clustering (GDA-k-means). The mean of brain state-specific network interaction indices (meanNII) in the three groups (AD, MCI, CN) showed significant differences by ANOVA analysis. To verify the robustness of the findings, a support vector machine (SVM) was taken meanNII, gender and age as features to classify. This method obtained accuracy values of 95, 94, and 77% when classifying AD vs. CN, AD vs. MCI, and MCI vs. CN, respectively. In our work, the findings demonstrated that the dynamic characteristics of functional interactions of the triple-networks contributed to studying the underlying pathophysiology of AD. It provided strong evidence for dysregulation of brain dynamics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Meng
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Li Meng
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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21
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The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Fall Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211809. [PMID: 34831565 PMCID: PMC8618957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves functional capacity, muscle power and physical performance in older adults with and without comorbidities. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of HIIT as a method for reducing major fall risk factors (balance, muscle strength and physical activity) in older adults. A systematic literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A computerized search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, and AgeLine) published up to July 2021. Eleven papers (9 studies) of moderate quality (mean of 5.5 in Pedro scale) involving 328 healthy older adults met the inclusion criteria. Studies were characterized by high heterogeneity in terms of methodology, HIIT modality and protocol, subject characteristics, and outcome measures. Results indicate that HIIT cannot be recommended as a single modality for fall prevention in older adults due to insufficient data and no consensus among the studies. HIIT appears to be a safe and well-tolerated supplement to proven fall prevention programs, due to its effects on lower limb strength reflected in functional performance tests, and on dynamic balance and subjective balance perception. However, caution is warranted following HIIT, especially after the first session, due to possible temporary instability.
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Peñín-Grandes S, Santos-Lozano A, Pinto-Fraga J, de la Fuente Gómez M, Del Río Solá ML, Martín-Hernández J. Moderate Intensity Functional Training as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Case Report. Ann Vasc Surg 2021; 79:439.e1-439.e6. [PMID: 34648862 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional aerobic training and muscle resistance ("strength") training have been shown to be effective for improving functional and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the transfer of the current resistance exercise modes proposed to other activities of daily living (ADLs) is questionable. Moderate intensity functional training (MIFT) has emerged with the aim of achieving cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations simultaneously with functional exercises typical of ADLs. The effect of MIFT in patients with PAD is not yet known. Our purpose is to verify the influence of the combination of intermittent treadmill walking exercise with MIFT on functional capacity and HRQoL in patients with PAD. METHODS Three patients with PAD participated in a novel supervised exercise therapy program of 6 weeks duration based on intermittent treadmill walking exercise and MIFT. RESULTS After the training period, the 3 patients showed high adherence to the program (95%) and they improved total distance (TD) (25%, 9%, and 21%), claudication onset distance (COD) (56%, 19%, and 151%), total number of repetitions (33%, 24%, and 33%) and total work capacity (80%, 79%, and 72%). Also, physical component in Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire-6 (VascuQol-6) showed increases in the patients. CONCLUSIONS The 6-week intervention in patients with PAD, based on intermittent treadmill walking exercise and MIFT, seems to improve their functional status and total work capacity in functional exercises as well as their HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain; Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
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23
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Effects of Circuit Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:725-738. [PMID: 34627129 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of circuit resistance training (CRT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The CRT interventions led to a significant decrease in weight, body mass index, and fat mass along with an increase in muscle mass. Significant differences were found in the fat mass and a trend to develop muscle mass when compared with the control group. CRT led to a significant increase in VO2max, walking endurance, and time to exhaustion; likewise, significant differences were observed when compared with the control group. CRT had a moderate and large favorable effect on arm, trunk, and lower limb strength. Furthermore, the increases in strength observed in the CRT were significantly greater than the changes observed in the control group. In middle-aged and older women, CRT improved cardiorespiratory fitness and strength and optimized body composition.
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24
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Lee KJ, Noh B, An KO. Impact of Synchronous Online Physical Education Classes Using Tabata Training on Adolescents during COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910305. [PMID: 34639604 PMCID: PMC8507984 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of online physical education classes, using Tabata training, on middle school students’ physical fitness. Fifty-four adolescents were randomly assigned to either the asynchronous online class group (AOCG, n = 24, age: 15.8 ± 0.4 years) or the synchronous online class group (SOCG, n = 24 age: 15.9 ± 0.3 years). The online physical education class lasted two days per week for 10 weeks. Recorded video lectures were conducted for the AOCG, and Tabata training for the SOCG, as real-time lecture methods. Baseline and post-online physical education class measures included muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, balance, and cardiorespiratory fitness tests. The results showed that the synchronous online physical education class had a positive effect on the improvement of muscle mass, ankle strength (dorsiflexion), hip strength (abduction, flexion, extension, and external rotation), knee strength (extension and flexion), and balance (Y-balance test) in adolescents. These findings suggest that the physical fitness of adolescents can be sufficiently improved through appropriate online physical education class methods. Further research should focus on developing and evaluating different types of exercises for synchronous online physical education classes as a precautionary measure for the second wave of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Jin Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Byungjoo Noh
- Department of Kinesiology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (K.-O.A.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3588 (B.N.); +82-43-841-5995 (K.-O.A.)
| | - Keun-Ok An
- Sports Medicine Major, Division of Sports, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (K.-O.A.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3588 (B.N.); +82-43-841-5995 (K.-O.A.)
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25
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Hayes LD, Elliott BT, Yasar Z, Bampouras TM, Sculthorpe NF, Sanal-Hayes NEM, Hurst C. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as a Potential Countermeasure for Phenotypic Characteristics of Sarcopenia: A Scoping Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715044. [PMID: 34504439 PMCID: PMC8423251 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle quantity and function associated predominantly with aging. Physical activity appears the most promising intervention to attenuate sarcopenia, yet physical activity guidelines are rarely met. In recent years high intensity interval training (HIIT) has garnered interested in athletic populations, clinical populations, and general population alike. There is emerging evidence of the efficacy of HIIT in the young old (i.e. seventh decade of life), yet data concerning the oldest old (i.e., ninth decade of life onwards), and those diagnosed with sarcopenic are sparse. Objectives: In this scoping review of the literature, we aggregated information regarding HIIT as a potential intervention to attenuate phenotypic characteristics of sarcopenia. Eligibility Criteria: Original investigations concerning the impact of HIIT on muscle function, muscle quantity or quality, and physical performance in older individuals (mean age ≥60 years of age) were considered. Sources of Evidence: Five electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL]) were searched. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework (2005). Review selection and characterization were performed by two independent reviewers using pretested forms. Results: Authors reviewed 1,063 titles and abstracts for inclusion with 74 selected for full text review. Thirty-two studies were analyzed. Twenty-seven studies had a mean participant age in the 60s, two in the 70s, and three in the 80s. There were 20 studies which examined the effect of HIIT on muscle function, 22 which examined muscle quantity, and 12 which examined physical performance. HIIT was generally effective in Improving muscle function and physical performance compared to non-exercised controls, moderate intensity continuous training, or pre-HIIT (study design-dependent), with more ambiguity concerning muscle quantity. Conclusions: Most studies presented herein utilized outcome measures defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). However, there are too few studies investigating any form of HIIT in the oldest old (i.e., ≥80 years of age), or those already sarcopenic. Therefore, more intervention studies are needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Hayes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley T Elliott
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zerbu Yasar
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros M Bampouras
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.,The Centre for Ageing Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas F Sculthorpe
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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26
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Parra-Rizo MA, Sanchís-Soler G. Physical Activity and the Improvement of Autonomy, Functional Ability, Subjective Health, and Social Relationships in Women over the Age of 60. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6926. [PMID: 34203410 PMCID: PMC8297252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regarding functional ability, autonomy, promotion of social relationships and health, little scientific evidence has been found of physical practice in active women over 60 years of age. Hence, the goal of this study was to assess the functional abilities and autonomy, social relationships and subjective health of physically active older women according to the level of activity practiced. The IPAQ and CUBRECAVI scales were applied to a sample of 257 women between 61 and 93 years old (M = 69.44, SD = 4.61). Statistically significant outcomes were obtained in functional ability and autonomy according to their level of physical activity (p = 0.001): greater satisfaction and frequency of social relationships with a mild level of physical activity (p = 0.011), and statistically significant differences in the degree of satisfaction with their health according to the level of physical activity they practice (p < 0.001). The results showed that those with high physical activity obtained better levels of functional abilities and autonomy. Additionally, dissatisfaction with one's own health is associated with low levels of physical activity. In conclusion, it could be said that the practice of mild physical exercise in older women encourages greater autonomy and functional ability for activities of daily living, which results in independence in everyday life in addition to fostering social links as well as gaining a better satisfaction with their own health, with the socio-emotional benefits that this can bring.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Antonia Parra-Rizo
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gema Sanchís-Soler
- Department of General Didactics and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
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27
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Wilke J, Mohr L. Chronic effects of high-intensity functional training on motor function: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21680. [PMID: 33303848 PMCID: PMC7728805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity functional training (HIFT) has become a popular method in the sports and fitness sector. In contrast to unimodal approaches such as strength or endurance training, it has been hypothesized to induce concurrent adaptations in multiple markers of motor function. However, to date, the effectiveness of HIFT in this regard has not been studied. The present systematic review quantified the chronic effects of HIFT on motor function in healthy individuals. A multilevel meta-analysis with a robust random effects meta-regession model was used to pool the standardized mean differences (SMD) between (a) HIFT and (b) no-exercise (NEX) as well as conventional endurance, resistance and balance training for outcomes of muscle strength, endurance capacity and balance. The influence of possible effect modifiers such as program duration, session duration, age or sex was examined in a moderator analysis. Seventeen papers with moderate to high methodological quality (PEDro scale) were identified. Compared to NEX, HIFT had small to moderate positive effects on endurance capacity (SMD: 0.42, 95% CI 0.07-0.78, p = 0.03) and strength (0.60, 95% CI 0.02-1.18, p = 0.04) but no effect on balance (SMD: - 0.10, 95% CI - 1.13 to 0.92, p = 0.42). Regarding endurance, HIFT showed similar effectiveness as moderate-intensity endurance training (SMD: - 0.11, 95% CI - 1.17 to 0.95, p = 0.75) and high-intensity interval endurance training (SMD: - 0.15, 95% CI - 1.4 to 1.1, p = 0.66). No comparisons of HIFT vs. classical resistance or balance training were found. Moderator analyses revealed no influence of most effect modifiers. However, regarding endurance, females seemed to respond more strongly to HIFT in the comparison to NEX (p < .05). HIFT appears to represent an appropriate method to induce chronic improvements in motor function. While being superior to NEX and non-inferior to endurance training, current evidence does not allow a comparison against resistance and balance training. The impact of possible effect moderators should be further elucidated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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28
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High-Intensity Interval Circuit Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051805. [PMID: 32164314 PMCID: PMC7084372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has similar or better effects than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in increasing peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), however, it has not been studied when HIIT is applied in a circuit (HIICT). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a HIICT versus MICT on VO2max estimated (VO2max-ES), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) of middle-aged and older women. A quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial was used. Fifty-four women (67.8 ± 6.2 years) were randomized to either HIICT (n = 18), MICT (n = 18) or non-exercise control group (CG; n = 18) for 18 weeks. Participants in HIICT and MICT trained two days/week (one hour/session). Forty-one participants were assessed (HIICT; n = 17, MICT; n = 12, CG; n = 12). Five adverse events were reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness, HR and BP were measured. The tests were performed before and after the exercise intervention programs. VO2max-ES showed significant training x group interaction, in which HIICT and MICT were statistically superior to CG. Moreover, HIICT and MICT were statistically better than CG in the diastolic blood pressure after exercise (DBPex) interaction. For the systolic blood pressure after exercise (SBPex), HIICT was statistically better than CG. In conclusion, both HIICT and MICT generated adaptations in VO2max-ES and DBPex. Furthermore, only HIICT generated positive effects on the SBPex. Therefore, both training methods can be considered for use in exercise programs involving middle-aged and older women.
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29
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Pallone G, Palmieri M, Cariati I, Bei R, Masuelli L, D'Arcangelo G, Tancredi V. Different continuous training modalities result in distinctive effects on muscle structure, plasticity and function. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:267-275. [PMID: 32257190 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of training on muscle structure are dependent on adaptive changes induced by different intensities of physical exercise. Evidence has shown that aerobic training is able to induce adaptive changes to muscle structure based on intensity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different methods of continuous aerobic training in mice using functional, morphological and biomolecular approaches. The continuous aerobic training methods used in the present study were uniform continuous training (UC), varying continuous training (VC) and progressive continuous training (PC). Mice were made to run 3 times a week for 12 weeks on a motorized RotaRod, following one of the three different training methods at different speeds. The results of the present study demonstrated that the various training methods had different effects on sarcomere length. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that UC training resulted in a shortening of sarcomere length, PC training resulted in an elongation of sarcomere length and VC training showed similar sarcomere length when compared with the control sedentary group. Additionally, succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A levels in muscle tissue following VC training were higher compared with UC and PC training. Overall, the present study showed that varying exercise methods resulted in different types of muscle plasticity, and that the VC protocol resulted in increased coordination and strength endurance in the functional tests, in agreement with the ultrastructural and biochemical profile. These observations support the view that VC training may be more efficient in increasing performance and may thus form the basis of training regimens when an improvement of motor efficiency is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pallone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Palmieri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Cariati
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy.,Centre of Space Bio-medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy.,Centre of Space Bio-medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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30
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Coswig VS, Barbalho M, Raiol R, Del Vecchio FB, Ramirez-Campillo R, Gentil P. Effects of high vs moderate-intensity intermittent training on functionality, resting heart rate and blood pressure of elderly women. J Transl Med 2020; 18:88. [PMID: 32066460 PMCID: PMC7027031 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study compared the effects of training and detraining periods of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on functional performance, body composition, resting blood pressure and heart rate in elderly women nursing home residents. METHODS Forty-six volunteers (age, 80.8 ± 5.2 y; body mass, 69.8 ± 5.2 kg, height, 164.2 ± 4.12 cm) were divided into groups that performed treadmill exercise twice-weekly HIIT (4 bouts of 4-min intervals at 85-95% of the maximal heart rate [HRmax], interspersed by 4 min at 65% HRmax), MIIT (4 bouts of 4 min intervals at 55-75% HRmax, interspersed by 4 min at 45-50% HRmax) and MICT (30-min at 55-75% HRmax). Tests were performed before and after 8 weeks of training and 2 and 4 weeks of detraining. ANCOVA was used to analyze dependent variable changes. RESULTS After 8 weeks HIIT promoted greater reductions in body mass (HIIT = - 1.6 ± 0.1 kg; MICT = - 0.9 ± 0.1 kg; MIIT = - 0.9 ± 0.1 kg; p = 0.001), fat mass (HIIT = - 2.2 ± 0.1%; MICT = - 0.7 ± 0.1%; MIIT = - 1.2 ± 0.1%; p < 0.001) and resting heart rate (HIIT = - 7.3 ± 0.3%; MICT = - 3.6 ± 0.3%; MIIT = - 5.1 ± 0.3%; p < 0.001) and greater improvement in the chair stand test (HIIT = 3.4 ± 0.1 reps; MICT = 2.5 ± 0.1 reps; MIIT = 3.1 ± 0.1 reps; p < 0.001) when compared to MIIT and MICT. These improvements were sustained after 2 and 4 weeks of detraining only in the HIIT group. CONCLUSION HIIT promoted greater benefits for body composition and functional performance than MICT and MIIT and also showed less pronounced effects of detraining. This suggests that the intensity of physical exercise is an important factor to consider when prescribing exercise to the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Barbalho
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
- FEFD-Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil.
| | - Rodolfo Raiol
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of the State of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health Physical Activity, and Sport, Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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