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Lefever E, Coppens E, Laureys F, Lenoir M, Haerens L, De Meester A. Identifying profiles of actual and perceived motor competence measured with aligned instruments: Differences in (enjoyment of) physical fitness. J Sports Sci 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39093053 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2382555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A person-centred approach was used to examine whether children with various actual and perceived motor competence (AMC and PMC) profiles differ in (enjoyment of) physical fitness (PF). The strength of the relationship between AMC and PMC was also assessed through aligned assessment tools. A sample of 287 7-11-year-old children (47.40% boys, Mage = 8.92 ± .78 years) was assessed on AMC with the KörperkoordinationsTest für Kinder (KTK3), and on PF with six validated fitness tests. Animated videos fully aligned with the AMC- and PF-tests were used to assess children's PMC and enjoyment of PF, respectively. Cluster analyses identified one convergent (i.e. high AMC-high PMC) and three partially convergent AMC-PMC profiles (i.e. low AMC-high PMC). Furthermore, children with relatively high AMC (i.e. high-average profile) reported higher PF (F = 30.99, p < .001), while children with relatively high PMC (i.e. average-high profile) reported higher enjoyment of PF (F = 9.02, p < .001). The correlation between AMC and PMC was significant but weak (r = .16). Overall, it seems important to invest in both children's AMC and PMC as they may support a higher (enjoyment of) PF, potentially leading to higher PA-levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lefever
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eline Coppens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Felien Laureys
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Haerens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An De Meester
- Department of Educational and Developmental Science, College of Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Sánchez-Matas Y, Hernández-Martínez A, Gutiérrez D, Rudd YJ. Actual and perceived motor competence in children with motor coordination difficulties: Effect of a movement-based intervention. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 151:104797. [PMID: 38981211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study analyses the effect of a Movement-Based Intervention to improve Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder aged four and six years. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A longitudinal pre-experimental study was designed with measurements conducted at pre-test, post-test and follow-up (after 5 months without intervention). The group, composed of children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder or low motor competence, consisted of 57 participants, and the duration of a Movement-Based Intervention was 27 sessions allocated in nine weeks. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Actual Motor Competence was evaluated with the Movement Assessment Battery for School children and Perceived Motor Competence with Pictorial Scale of Perceived Motor Skill Competence for Children. The results showed significant improvements in both study variables (Actual Motor Competence and Perceived Motor Competence), both at post-test and follow-up, five months after the end of the intervention. In conclusion, a Movement-based Intervention is effective in improving Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in the participants of this research, children with low motor competence or probable Developmental Coordination Disorder. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Considering the improvements observed after the program in Spanish sample, it seems that the usual practice in Early Childhood Education in our context may not be sufficient, i.e., it may not provide children with the necessary support (number of lesson and time) and appropriate learning contexts to promote the development of their motor skills. Considering the results, this study suggests that using an Movement-Based Intervention with an appropriate pedagogical approach, and offering different learning opportunities to children according to their needs, could positively influence their Actual and Perceived Motor Competence, and could motivate them towards future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Sánchez-Matas
- Departament of Physical Education, Arts and Music at University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Andrea Hernández-Martínez
- Departament of Physical Education, Arts and Music at University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - David Gutiérrez
- Departament of Physical Education, Arts and Music at University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Y James Rudd
- Deparment of Outdoor Studies at Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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Cumilef-Bustamante P, Millalonco Ó, Díaz-Alvarado M, Rivera-Gutiérrez C, Henríquez-Alvear L, Cárcamo-Oyarzun J, Delgado-Floody P. [Association between weight status and motor competence in schoolchildren from Chilean Patagonia]. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:567-573. [PMID: 38047418 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child population is a global public health problem, with measures such as the promotion of physical activity being necessary. One of the recognized factors for this is the development of motor competence, due to its dynamic interaction with physical activity, so it is necessary to understand its relationship with weight status. Objective: the aims of this study are to determine whether there are differences in the levels of motor competence of schoolchildren in Chilean Patagonia according to their nutritional status, as well as to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and the levels of motor competence in these schoolchildren. Material and methods: we evaluated 295 boys and girls in 5th and 6th grade of primary school, from educational centres in Coyhaique and Punta Arenas. We used the MOBAK 5-6 test to assess their motor competence. Results: schoolchildren with normal weight status presented higher values of motor competence in self-movement (M = 3.1; SD = 1.84) compared to overweight (M = 2.7; SD = 1.68) and obese schoolchildren (M = 1.7; SD = 1.57), presenting significant differences between all groups (p < 0.001). In object control, no differences were found between the groups. In addition, there was an inverse association of object control with gender (β: 1.49; p < 0.001) and BMI (β: -0.05; p = 0.026), while self-movement had an inverse association with BMI (β: -0.11; 95 % CI: -0.15 -0.07; p < 0.001). Conclusion: weight status and motor competence are associated. Schoolchildren with higher BMI values tend to perform lower in self-movement. These results underline the importance of addressing motor competence in efforts to combat overweight and obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cumilef-Bustamante
- Programa de Magíster en Educación Física. Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de La Frontera
| | - Óscar Millalonco
- Programa de Magíster en Educación Física. Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de La Frontera
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Alvarado
- Programa de Doctorado en Didácticas Específicas. Didáctica de la Educación Física. Universidad de Valencia. Valencia. Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de Magallanes
| | - Catalina Rivera-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Alfabetización Motriz (CIAM) y Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de La Frontera
| | - Luis Henríquez-Alvear
- 4Centro de Investigación en Alfabetización Motriz (CIAM) y 5Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de La Frontera
| | - Jaime Cárcamo-Oyarzun
- 4Centro de Investigación en Alfabetización Motriz (CIAM) y 5Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de La Frontera
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Centro de Investigación en Alfabetización Motriz (CIAM) y Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de La Frontera. Departamento de Educación Física y Deportes. Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte. Universidad de Granada
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Saraiva Flôres F, Paschoal Soares D, Willig RM, Reyes AC, Silva AF. Mastering movement: A Cross-sectional investigation of motor competence in children and adolescents engaged in sports. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304524. [PMID: 38814979 PMCID: PMC11139258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor Competence (MC) is related to the development of healthy lifestyles in children and adolescents, and many studies have compared it with different variables, including sports participation. This investigation aimed to characterize the components and total scores of MC regarding different physical activity practices, such as physical education (PE) classes, futsal, volleyball, and ballet, and to compare MC regarding sports, sex, and age-groups. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study, 398 Portuguese children and adolescents (398 participants: 200 boys and 198 girls; 12.649±3.46 years) were conveniently chosen between 2022 and 2023. Four groups of different sports were created: PE classes (n = 187), futsal (n = 80), volleyball (n = 101) and ballet (n = 30), and four different age groups: 7 to 9 years old (n = 117); 10 to 12 years old (n = 65), 13 to 15 years old (n = 96) and, 16 to 19 years old (n = 120). All participants reported to participate in at least two training sessions per week (1 hour each) for at least two years. MC was assessed with Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) comprising three components with six tests (two tests for each component). Participants' total MC was calculated as the average of the three components of the MCA. Data were analyzed by applying ANOVA one-way with LSD post-hoc. RESULTS Differences were found in MC among groups, where futsal participants showed better scores in general. Sex comparison showed that boys have a higher MC when practicing futsal, especially compared to volleyball players. Age-group analysis showed that younger participants had better MC levels compared to older ones. CONCLUSION The whole group showed the 50th percentile of MC, but volleyball adolescents showed results below this reference. MC is intrinsically linked to an individual's motor experiences and motivations rather than depending directly on the specific practice of the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Saraiva Flôres
- Insight: Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development, Piaget Institute, Almada, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
| | | | - Renata M. Willig
- Insight: Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development, Piaget Institute, Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Reyes
- Insight: Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development, Piaget Institute, Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
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Sutil-Jiménez AJ, Alba G, Muñoz MA. Development and validation of a pictographic assessment embodiment scale. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024:17470218241252557. [PMID: 38659176 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241252557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Embodiment is a complex concept related to the subjective perception of an object as it belongs to its own body. In general, this construct has been evaluated by means of questionnaires, but validation studies in other cultures and limitations related with barriers of language received little attention. The purpose of the present investigation was twofold: to validate the factorial structure of embodiment questionnaire (EQ) and to construct a pictographic scale (PAE) to measure embodiment without relapse verbal representations. In the first experiment, 136 participants underwent a Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) procedure following both congruent and incongruent (control) visuo-tactile stimulations. Then, they evaluated embodiment illusion in EQ using a Likert-type scale to rate their agreement or disagreement with 27 statements and with a pictographic scale designed to assess their subjective experience of the illusion. Principal components analysis in EQ scores identified four components that emerged in both conditions: Embodiment, Disembodiment, Affect and Deafference. PAE scale was highly correlated with embodiment factor and can differentiate between conditions. In a second experiment, 30 participants underwent the RHI procedure, and they were assessed using PAE and proprioceptive drift. Results indicate a high positive correlation between PAE and post-illusion drift score. These results provide evidence about the consistency of the factorial structure of EQ across cultures, and we also provide a new pictographic tool that allows quick measurement of embodiment overcoming language barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guzmán Alba
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Godoy-Cumillaf A, Fuentes-Merino P, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Duclos-Bastías D, Bruneau-Chávez J, Vergara-Ampuero D, Merellano-Navarro E. Association between Gross Motor Competence and Physical Fitness in Chilean Children Aged 4 to 6 Years. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:561. [PMID: 38790556 PMCID: PMC11119627 DOI: 10.3390/children11050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The preschool period is considered critical for the development of motor competence, but as far as we know, no studies have investigated the association between motor competence and physical fitness in Chilean children. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between gross motor competence and physical fitness, controlling for possible confounding factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 144 preschool children (56.25% girls) with an average age of 5.3 years (4 to 6 years) from the Araucanía region, Chile. Motor competence was measured using the Children's Movement Assessment Battery, 2nd Edition (MABC-2). Regarding physical fitness, the components of cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscle strength and speed/agility were evaluated using the Battery to Assess FITness in PREschool (PREFIT). Partial correlation models and analysis of variance (ANCOVA) were used to assess differences in physical fitness between motor competence categories, controlling for age and body mass index. The mean fitness scores for cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscle strength and speed/agility components were significantly higher in children with higher gross motor competence. In terms of effect size, large values were found for the lower body strength component in model 1 for boys and in model 2 for the total samples of girls and boys. The results of this study suggest that good levels of gross motor competence are associated with better physical fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Paola Fuentes-Merino
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Daniel Duclos-Bastías
- Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Science Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Bruneau-Chávez
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Diego Vergara-Ampuero
- Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
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He Y, Zhou L, Liang W, Liu Q, Liu W, Wang S. Individual, family, and environmental correlates of fundamental motor skills among school-aged children: a cross-sectional study in China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:208. [PMID: 38233777 PMCID: PMC10795326 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study examined the socio-ecological factors influencing fundamental motor skills (FMS) in Chinese school-aged children. METHODS A total of 1012 parent-child pairs were randomly sampled between March-1st and April-15th, 2022. Based on the socio-ecological model of Children's FMS, three levels of factors: individual-level (e.g., demographic, physical, psychological, and behavioral characteristics of children), family-level (e.g., caregiver demographics, parental support, and socioeconomic status), and environmental factors (e.g., availability of physical activity equipment) were assessed using self-reported scales (e.g., the Self-perception Profile for Children, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, and the 12-item Psychological Well-Being Scale for Children) and objective measures (e.g., ActiGraph GT3X, the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard, and the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition). Multi-level regression models were employed using SPSS. RESULTS The results demonstrated that children's age, sex, physical fitness, parental support, and the quality of home and community physical activity environments consistently influenced all three types of FMS, including locomotor, ball, and composite skills. Additionally, seven individual-level factors (children's age, sex, body mass index, light physical activity, sleep duration, perceived motor competence, and physical fitness) were associated with different types of FMS. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the multidimensional and complex nature of FMS development, with individual-level factors playing a particularly significant role. Future research should adopt rigorous longitudinal designs, comprehensive assessment tools covering various FMS skills, and objective measurement of parents' movement behaviors to better understand the strength and direction of the relationship between socio-ecological factors and children's FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu He
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wanxin Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Chai H, Xue R, Yao L, Miao M, Han B. Configurations of actual and perceived motor competence among elementary school children in China: differences in physical activity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280643. [PMID: 38169653 PMCID: PMC10758469 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Actual motor competence (AMC) and perceived motor competence (PMC), as determinants of children's active participation in physical activity (PA), were important for children's healthy development. The correlation between the two had been confirmed. To further understand this relationship, this study investigated the current status of AMC, PMC, and PA in Chinese school-age children, used a person-centered approach to reveal the characteristics of the development of motor competence (MC) in Chinese school-age children and the differences in the level of PA among different MC profiles of children. Materials and methods A total of 532 children (age: M = 9.37, SD = 1.80 years-old) from grades 1 to 6 participated in this cross-sectional study (male, n = 284, 53.4%; female, n = 248, 46.6%). The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) was used to measure children's AMC, the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) to measure children's PMC, and the revised Chinese version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) to assess children's PA levels. Results There were some gender differences in AMC but no significant gender differences in PMC and PA in children. AMC and PA levels increased as the children aged, while PMC showed some decline. Cluster analysis identified four groups of children with different MC profiles. Two groups of children had corresponding AMC and PMC levels (the "high-high" cluster, N = 200, 38.91%; the "low-low" cluster, N = 63, 12.26%), and the other two groups were inconsistent in AMC and PMC (the "high-low" cluster, N = 100, 19.46%; the "low-high" cluster, N = 151, 29.38%). Significant differences in PA levels were found between children with different MC profiles. The "high-high" cluster children had the highest PA levels, whereas the "low-low" cluster children demonstrated the lowest PA levels. Conclusion AMC, PMC, and PA in Chinese school-age children were consistent with the pattern of child growth and development. Children with high AMC and high PMC usually had high levels of PA. Therefore, it was recommended to seize the best opportunity to intervene with children, and family, school, and community should synergize to help children improve AMC and PMC, and then actively participate in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Chai
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Miao
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Youth Vocational College, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bochen Han
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Carcamo-Oyarzun J, Salvo-Garrido S, Estevan I. Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in Chilean Schoolchildren before and after COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Cohort Comparison. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040306. [PMID: 37102820 PMCID: PMC10135944 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the measures applied in Chile to reduce COVID-19 infections have been very strict, mainly for children who have experienced lockdowns and school closures for almost two years. Emerging evidence indicates that lockdowns have had several negative effects on children; therefore, the present study seeks to analyze the secular effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on Chilean students’ actual motor competence (AMC) and perceived motor competence (PMC). (2) Methods: using a sequential cohort design, data from 523 fifth-grade students at nine elementary schools (46.8% girls, age M = 11.11, SD = 0.66) were assessed in 2018–19 (pre-lockdown) (n = 265) and 2022 (post-lockdown) (n = 258). (3) Results: in the domain of object control (AMC and PMC), no significant differences were found (AMC p = 0.559; PMC p = 0.682). In the self-movement domain of AMC and PMC, the significant differences found presented a small effect size (AMC p = 0.044, ηp2 = 0.01; PMC p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.03). (4) Conclusions: although the differences encountered were not drastic, self-movement skills tended to be greatly affected by the lockdowns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings broaden information on the negative consequences of the pandemic on students in aspects related to an active and healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun
- CIAM Physical Literacy Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Social Science & Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Sonia Salvo-Garrido
- CIAM Physical Literacy Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Social Science & Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Isaac Estevan
- CIAM Physical Literacy Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Social Science & Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Activitat Física i Promoció de la Salut (AFIPS) Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Zhou L, Liang W, He Y, Duan Y, Rhodes RE, Lippke S, Baker JS, Liang Y, Han L, Liu WX, Liu Q. A school-family blended multi-component physical activity program for Fundamental Motor Skills Promotion Program for Obese Children (FMSPPOC): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:369. [PMID: 36803486 PMCID: PMC9942318 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental motor skills (FMSs) are crucial for children's health and comprehensive development. Obese children often encounter a considerable challenge in the development of FMSs. School-family blended PA programs are considered a potentially effective approach to improve FMSs and health-related outcomes among obese children, however, empirical evidence is still limited. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a 24-week school-family blended multi-component PA intervention program for promoting FMSs and health among Chinese obese children, namely the Fundamental Motor Skills Promotion Program for Obese Children (FMSPPOC) employing behavioral change techniques (BCTs) and building on the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework as well as using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework for improving and evaluating the program. METHODS Using a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT), 168 Chinese obese children (8-12 years) from 24 classes of six primary schools will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups by a cluster randomization, including a 24-week FMSPPOC intervention group and a non-treatment waiting-list control group. The FMSPPOC program includes a 12-week initiation phase and a 12-week maintenance phase. School-based PA training sessions (2 sessions/week, 90 min each session) and family-based PA assignments (at least three times per week, 30 min each time) will be implemented in the initiation phase (semester time), while three 60-min offline workshops and three 60-min online webinars will be conducted in the maintenance phase (summer holiday). The implementation evaluation will be undertaken according to the RE-AIM framework. For intervention effectiveness evaluation, primary outcome (FMSs: gross motor skills, manual dexterity and balance) and secondary outcomes (health behaviors, physical fitness, perceived motor competence, perceived well-being, M-PAC components, anthropometric and body composition measures) will be collected at four time-points: at baseline, 12-week mid-intervention, 24-week post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up occasions. DISCUSSION The FMSPPOC program will provide new insights into the design, implementation, and evaluation of FMSs promotion among obese children. The research findings will also supplement empirical evidence, understanding of potential mechanisms, and practical experience for future research, health services, and policymaking. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; ChiCTR2200066143; 25 Nov 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuxiu He
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanping Duan
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Constructor University Bremen (formerly known as Jacobs University Bremen), Bremen, Germany
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Liang
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Han
- Shenzhen Sports School, Shenzhen, China
- The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Xin Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China
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11
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Estevan I, Bowe SJ, Menescardi C, Barnett LM. Self and proxy (parents and teachers') reports of child motor competence: A three-year longitudinal study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 64:102331. [PMID: 37665815 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to: 1) analyse the longitudinal trends in the evolution of the association between children's actual and perceived motor competence (AMC and PMC, respectively) according to the source of information: children, parents, and Physical Education (PE) teachers; 2) assess whether children, parents, and PE teachers can report on children's AMC longitudinally (considering the children's age, sex, and the type of motor competence). DESIGN AND METHOD A sample of 108 typically developing Spanish children (47.12% girls) from five schools participated in this study. AMC and PMC (locomotion, object control and overall MC) data was collected at three time points one year apart. Longitudinal mixed effects models with repeated measures were conducted. RESULTS Regardless of the domain of MC, no longitudinal association between children's AMC and PMC was found. Parents also exhibited limited capability to proxy report their children's AMC longitudinally. PE teachers' proxy reports of children' AMC were associated over time with object control and overall level. CONCLUSION This study confirms the necessity of specific training in AMC to effectively report on children's motor competence. PE teachers can be seen as a potential source to empower children's AMC and PMC development over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Avenida dels Tarongers, 4, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia; School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Cristina Menescardi
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Avenida dels Tarongers, 4, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
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12
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Quintriqueo-Torres J, Menares-Quiroz D, Aguilar-Farias N, Salvo-Garrido S, Carcamo-Oyarzun J. Differences in Motor Competence of Chilean Schoolchildren According to Biological and Sociocultural Correlates. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1482. [PMID: 36291418 PMCID: PMC9600301 DOI: 10.3390/children9101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In this study, we aimed to determine differences in the levels of motor competence according to biological factors (sex, age and weight status) and sociocultural factors (socioeconomic level and belonging to an indigenous people or not) in students of the La Araucanía Region, Chile. (2) Methods: A total of 552 students in 5th and 6th grade were evaluated (49.6% girls; age M = 11.3; SD = 0.8). To assess motor competence (domains of object control and self-movement), the MOBAK 5-6 test was applied. (3) Results: In the object control dimension, significant differences were found according to sex, with the boys performing higher than the girls. According to age, schoolchildren aged 11.0 to 11.9 performed higher than those aged 10.0 to 10.9, and according to socioeconomic status, schoolchildren from schools with a higher socioeconomic status showed a higher motor performance. No significant interaction effects were found between groups. With regard to the self-movement domain, statistically significant differences were only found according to weight status, where students of normal weight presented the highest performance. No significant effects were found between any of the groups. (4) Conclusions: This study shows the importance of considering the biological and sociocultural characteristics in the development of motor competence when interpreting data or planning interventions in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Quintriqueo-Torres
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Diego Menares-Quiroz
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Sonia Salvo-Garrido
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- CIAM Physical Literacy Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Social Science & Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- CIAM Physical Literacy Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Social Science & Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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13
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Relationship of Physical Activity and Sleep Duration with Self-Concept, Mediterranean Diet and Problematic Videogame Use in Children: Structural Equation Analysis as a Function of Gender. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Engagement in physical activity and sleep duration are crucial to the adequate psychosocial and healthy development of children. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an explanatory model of the relationships of physical activity and sleep duration with self-concept, Mediterranean diet and problematic use of videogames. Accordingly, a structural model was contrasted by means of a multi-group analysis according to gender. A non-experimental study was conducted with a descriptive, cross-sectional design for a sample of 1154 students aged 11–12 years (M = 11.41 ± 0.49). An ad hoc questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic and physical-health attributes (physical activity time and sleep). Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire, self-concept was assessed using “self-concept form-5” (AF-5) and problematic videogame use was assessed using the “Video Game-Related Experiences Questionnaire”. For data analysis, a multi-group structural equation analysis was performed. The results showed that physical activity was positively associated with self-concept, while sleep duration and self-concept were negatively related to problematic videogame use. In boys there was a direct effect of self-concept on sleep duration and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while girls did not generate such differences. Although there is a negative association between physical activity and problematic videogame use in the theoretical model and in boys, girls showed a direct association between these factors. Finally, physical activity and sleep duration were directly related in boys and indirectly related in girls.
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14
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Niemistö D, Barnett LM, Cantell M, Finni T, Korhonen E, Sääkslahti A. What factors relate to three profiles of perception of motor competence in young children? J Sports Sci 2021; 40:215-225. [PMID: 34636285 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1985774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aims were to 1) examine profiles of perception of motor competence (PMC) in relation to actual motor competence (AMC), i.e. under-estimators (UEs), realistic estimators (REs) and over-estimators (OEs) and 2) investigate associations between the profiles and selected socioecological factors at the individual, family and environmental levels. PMC (Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence) and AMC (Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition) were administered to a representative sample of children from 37 childcare centres in Finland (n=441;6.2±0.6yrs;52% boys). Socioecological factors were investigated using a parental questionnaire. The three profiles were formed based on age- and gender-adjusted PMC and AMC z-scores. Multinomial logistic regression showed that OEs (n=81; p=0.04) tended to be younger than REs (n=306; p=0.04) and UEs (n=54; p=0.03). Parents of OEs reported more child health and developmental issues than parents of REs (p=0.03). Parents of UEs self-reported providing more support for physical activity than parents' of REs (p=0.04). REs tended to live in denser population areas than UEs (n=54; p=0.03). Whilst PMC profiles revealed some socioecological differences, future research needs to focus on a broader range of potential correlates and untangle methodological analyses challenges to deepen the knowledge about PMC development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Niemistö
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Marja Cantell
- Department of Inclusive and Special Needs Education, University of Groningen, Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Taija Finni
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Elisa Korhonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla Finland
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15
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Strotmeyer A, Kehne M, Herrmann C. Effects of an Intervention for Promoting Basic Motor Competencies in Middle Childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147343. [PMID: 34299794 PMCID: PMC8303540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of motor competencies is necessary for participation in the culture of sport, exercise, and physical activity, which in turn supports the development of a healthy lifestyle. A lack of physical activity in childhood and deficits in motor performance emphasize the relevance of interventions for promoting basic motor competencies. However, there are research desiderata with regard to such interventions. This article describes an intervention program for promoting basic motor competencies in middle childhood (around 6 to 10 years of age). The intervention was investigated in a longitudinal study from June 2019 to January 2020 (n = 200; 58% girls, M = 8.84 years, SD = 0.63) at three primary schools. The intervention was conducted once a week in physical education (PE). The comparison group participated in regular PE. The intervention showed significant effects on basic motor competencies in object movement but not in self-movement. The results demonstrate that positive effects on basic motor competencies can be achieved with the help of a relatively simple intervention. Further longitudinal studies are desirable as a means of substantiating the results and developing evidence-based concepts to support children in their development in the best possible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Strotmeyer
- Department of Exercise and Health, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-5251-60-5307
| | - Miriam Kehne
- Department of Exercise and Health, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany;
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Physical Education Research Group, Zurich University of Teacher Education, 8090 Zurich, Switzerland;
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16
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Maïano C, Morin AJS, April J, Tietjens M, St-Jean C, Gagnon C, Dreiskämper D, Aimé A. Psychometric Properties of a French Version of the Perceived Motor Competence in Childhood Questionnaire. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1002-1016. [PMID: 33765895 PMCID: PMC8107499 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of a French version of the Perceived Motor Competence in Childhood (PMC-C) questionnaire. The participants were 219 French-speaking children (aged 5-12 years), recruited from elementary schools in the Canadian Province of Quebec. Results supported the validity and reliability of a second-order confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) model, including one higher-order factor. Additional analyses supported the complete measurement invariance of the first- and second-order factor structure across sex and indicated no differential item functioning or latent mean differences in PMC-C factors as a function of selected predictors (i.e., age, body mass-index and physical activity/sport involvement). Thus, this French version of the PMC-C has satisfactory psychometric properties (i.e., factor validity and reliability, measurement invariance and differential item functioning) and can be used to assess French-speaking children’s perceived motor competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada.,Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Johanne April
- Department of Education Sciences, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO
- Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Maike Tietjens
- University of Münster, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Germany
| | - Charlaine St-Jean
- Department of Education Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Canada
| | - Cynthia Gagnon
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO
- Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Dennis Dreiskämper
- University of Münster, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Germany
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO
- Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérôme, Canada
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17
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Estevan I, Menescardi C, Castillo I, Molina-García J, García-Massó X, Barnett LM. Perceived movement skill competence in stability: Validity and reliability of a pictorial scale in early adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1135-1143. [PMID: 33527419 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perceived motor competence (PMC) is important to health as it mediates the association between actual motor competence (AMC) and physical activity. Many instruments assess the broader construct of physical self-perception but no scale has been developed to assess PMC in stability. The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the reliability and validity of a new pictorial PMC in stability skill assessment when completed by early adolescents. A Delphi method showed ≥70% of experts' consensus in the seven proposed items. A sample of 904 students (11-14 years old) self-reported PMC in locomotion, object control, and stability using two pictorial scales: Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) and the newly developed Stability (PMSC_Stability). The Körperkoordinations test for Kinder (KTK) was also administered as a measure of AMC in skills that utilize stability. Two different subsamples were randomly assigned to criterion validity and reliability assessments. Spearman's correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and a general linear model for sex and age were conducted. The internal consistency (α) and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient) reliability values were good (>0.70). A single-factor latent model represented stability and did not differ by sex. Stability perception was associated with AMC (rho = 0.51). Stability is important to the performance of many movement skills (eg, single-leg balance or moving on a narrow surface). Understanding which adolescents have poor stability perception could highlight stability as an area that needs targeting in order to increase physical activity and sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Menescardi
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Castillo
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-García
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition. School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia
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