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Park HJ, Thapa N, Bae S, Yang JG, Choi J, Noh ES, Park H. Association between Physical Function, Mental Function and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3207. [PMID: 38892918 PMCID: PMC11172678 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examines the relationship between physical and mental function and frailty, independently and in conjunction with polypharmacy, among older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 368 participants aged ≥60 years. The participants were categorized into either robust or frail groups using Fried's frailty phenotype. Physical functions were assessed using grip strength, gait speed, Timed Up and Go (TUG), the Five Chair Sit to Stand Test (FCSST) and the Six-Minute Walk Test (SMWT). Mental functions were assessed using cognitive function and depression. Cognitive function was measured using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Depression was assessed with the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS). Results: The mean age of study population was 75.4 years. In this population, we identified 78.8% (n = 290) robust participants and 21.2% (n = 78) frail participants. The study examined frailty status (frail vs. non-frail) and frailty with and without polypharmacy using multivariate logistic regressions, adjusting for age and sex. In the logistic regression model estimating the risk of frailty, after adjustments for age, sex, BMI, and number of medications, individuals with low SMWT showed a significantly increased risk of frailty, with an odds ratio (OR) of 8.66 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 4.55-16.48. Additionally, global cognitive function was associated with a 1.97-fold increase in frailty risk (95% CI: 1.02-3.67). Moreover, in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI to assess frailty risk linked to polypharmacy, the TUG, SMWT, and SGDS all showed increased risks, with ORs of 3.65 (95% CI: 1.07-12.47), 5.06 (95% CI: 1.40-18.32), and 5.71 (95% CI: 1.79-18.18), respectively. Conclusions: Physical function (SMWT, FCSST, TUG) and mental function (depression, cognition) were associated with frailty. By comprehensively examining these factors, we will gain valuable insights into frailty and enable more precise strategies for intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Healthcare and Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.P.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (J.-G.Y.); (J.C.); (E.-S.N.)
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Sauers SC, Toedebusch CD, Richardson R, Spira AP, Morris JC, Holtzman DM, Lucey BP. Midpoint of sleep is associated with sleep quality in older adults with and without symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae023. [PMID: 38711547 PMCID: PMC11071685 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Disrupted sleep is common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a marker for AD risk. The timing of sleep affects sleep-wake activity and is also associated with AD, but little is known about links between sleep architecture and the midpoint of sleep in older adults. In this study, we tested if the midpoint of sleep is associated with different measures of sleep architecture, AD biomarkers, and cognitive status among older adults with and without symptomatic AD. Methods Participants (N = 243) with a mean age of 74 underwent standardized cognitive assessments, measurement of CSF AD biomarkers, and sleep monitoring via single-channel EEG, actigraphy, a home sleep apnea test, and self-reported sleep logs. The midpoint of sleep was defined by actigraphy. Results A later midpoint of sleep was associated with African-American race and greater night-to-night variability in the sleep midpoint. After adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors, a later sleep midpoint was associated with longer rapid-eye movement (REM) onset latency, decreased REM sleep time, more actigraphic awakenings at night, and higher < 2 Hz non-REM slow-wave activity. Conclusions Noninvasive in vivo markers of brain function, such as sleep, are needed to track both future risk of cognitive impairment and response to interventions in older adults at risk for AD. Sleep timing is associated with multiple other sleep measures and may affect their utility as markers of AD. The midpoint of sleep may be changed through behavioral intervention and should be taken into account when using sleep as a marker for AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Sauers
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cristina D Toedebusch
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Richardson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Guo C, Harshfield EL, Markus HS. Sleep Characteristics and Risk of Stroke and Dementia: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study. Neurology 2024; 102:e209141. [PMID: 38350061 PMCID: PMC11067695 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances are implicated as risk factors of both stroke and dementia. However, whether these associations are causal and whether treatment of sleep disorders could reduce stroke and dementia risk remain uncertain. We aimed to evaluate associations and ascertain causal relationships between sleep characteristics and stroke/dementia risk and MRI markers of small vessel disease (SVD). METHODS We used data sets from a multicenter population-based study and summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of sleep characteristics and outcomes. We analyzed 502,383 UK Biobank participants with self-reported sleep measurements, including sleep duration, insomnia, chronotype, napping, daytime dozing, and snoring. In observational analyses, the primary outcomes were incident stroke, dementia, and their subtypes, alongside SVD markers. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity, and additional vascular risk factors. In Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, ORs or risk ratios are reported for the association of each genetic score with clinical or MRI end points. RESULTS Among 502,383 participants (mean [SD] age, 56.5 [8.1] years; 54.4% female), there were 7,668 cases of all-cause dementia and 10,334 strokes. In longitudinal analyses, after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors, participants with insomnia, daytime napping, and dozing were associated with increased risk of any stroke (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.11, p = 8.53 × 10-3; HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.14, p = 3.20 × 10-5; HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.32, p = 4.89 × 10-4, respectively). Almost all sleep measures were associated with dementia risk (all p < 0.001, except insomnia). Cross-sectional analyses identified associations between napping, snoring, and MRI markers of SVD (all p < 0.001). MR analyses supported a causal link between genetically predicted insomnia and increased stroke risk (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.51, p = 0.00072), but not with dementia or SVD markers. DISCUSSION We found that multiple sleep measures predicted future risk of stroke and dementia, but these associations were attenuated after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors and were absent in MR analyses for Alzheimer disease. This suggests possible confounding or reverse causation, implying caution before proposing sleep disorder modifications for dementia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutian Guo
- From the Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric L Harshfield
- From the Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh S Markus
- From the Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Esteban-Cornejo I, Lara-Jimenez I, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Verdejo-Roman J, Catena A, Erickson KI, Ortega FB. Early morning physical activity is associated with healthier white matter microstructure and happier children: the ActiveBrains project. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:833-845. [PMID: 37058244 PMCID: PMC10894097 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The background of this study is to examine the associations of individual and combined early morning patterns (i.e., active commuting to school, physical activity before school, having breakfast and good sleep) with white matter microstructure (WMM) and, whether the associated white mater microstructure outcomes were related to mental health outcomes in children with overweight or obesity. 103 children with overweight or obesity (10.0 ± 1.1 years old, 42 girls) from the ActiveBrains project participated in this cross-sectional study. Early morning patterns and mental health indicators (i.e., self-esteem, optimism, positive and negative affect, stress, depression and anxiety) were self-reported by the children using validated questionnaires. WMM was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging using diffusion tensor imaging. When examined independently, early morning patterns were not related with WMM (all P > 0.05). However, the combination of early morning patterns was related with WMM (P < 0.05). Specifically, physically active early morning patterns (i.e., active commuting to school and physical activity before school) were associated with global fractional anisotropy (FA) (β = 0.298, P = 0.013) and global radial diffusivity (RD) (β = - 0.272, P = 0.021), as well as with tract-specific FA (β = 0.314, P = 0.004) and RD (β = - 0.234, P = 0.032) in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Furthermore, combined physically active early morning pattern-associated global (i.e., FA and RD) and tract-specific (i.e., FA and RD in the SLF) WMM indicators were positively associated with happiness (β absolute value range from 0.252 to 0.298, all P < 0.05). A combination of physically active early morning patterns may positively relate to white matter microstructure in children with overweight or obesity, and, in turn, happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Lara-Jimenez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Verdejo-Roman
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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Ahn EK, Yoon K, Park JE. Association between sleep hours and changes in cognitive function according to the morningness-eveningness type: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:112-119. [PMID: 37865346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate proper sleep hours to reduce the risk of cognitive decrease considering morningness-eveningness type. METHODS The Korean Community Health Survey was used, which includes adults aged over 19 years old. These data were obtained from a cross-sectional study and assessed sleep hours using questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Based on the wake-up time of each participant, they were classified into the morningness, intermediate, eveningness, and none groups. The change in cognitive function was determined by a single question about memory loss experience. RESULTS A total of 224,714 participants were included in the analysis. Of the participants, 55.6 % and 5.0 % of whom had morningness and eveningness, respectively. The risk of cognitive decline was significantly different by sleep hours and morningness-eveningness type. Without considering sleep quality, the intermediate and eveningness groups showed a higher risk of cognitive decline than the morningness group, and the risk was lowest in those with 7-9 sleep hours. However, when sleep quality showing significant effect was included in the analysis, sleep hours showing the lowest risk were different among morningness, intermediate, eveningness groups, and it was the shortest in the morningness type at 5-6 h and the longest in the eveningness type at 7-8 h. CONCLUSION Proper sleep hours to decrease the risk of cognitive decline may be different by morningness-eveningness types. However, when considering sleep quality, sleep duration had little influence on cognitive decline. Future studies investigating healthy sleep hours need to consider sleep quality as well as the habitual sleep schedules. LIMITATIONS The morningness-eveningness types were classified based on wake-up time not morningness-eveningness types. The morningness-eveningness types in this study would be interpreted as habitual sleep schedule rather than chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Ahn
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseokngdaero, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyuhyun Yoon
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseokngdaero, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Ferini-Strambi L. Which Are the Most Reliable Sleep Parameters that Predict Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1641-1643. [PMID: 38339936 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disorders can represent an independent risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It remains to be clarified if specific sleep parameters could be considered biomarkers of AD-related neurodegeneration. Several studies solely investigated the results of cross-sectional research, without providing conclusive evidence. Few longitudinal studies showed some inconsistencies in macrostructural and microstructural sleep findings. Methodological heterogeneity among studies can explain the discrepancies in the results. Moreover, the polysomnographic findings are usually related to only one-night recording. The combination of actigraphic recordings with sleep EEG monitoring for some consecutive days should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Blackman J, Morrison HD, Gabb V, Biswas B, Li H, Turner N, Jolly A, Trender W, Hampshire A, Whone A, Coulthard E. Remote evaluation of sleep to enhance understanding of early dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease (RESTED-AD): an observational cohort study protocol. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:590. [PMID: 37742001 PMCID: PMC10518099 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and circadian rhythm disorders are well recognised in both AD (Alzheimer's Disease) dementia and MCI-AD (Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease). Such abnormalities include insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, decreased sleep efficiency, increased sleep fragmentation and sundowning. Enhancing understanding of sleep abnormalities may unveil targets for intervention in sleep, a promising approach given hypotheses that sleep disorders may exacerbate AD pathological progression and represent a contributory factor toward impaired cognitive performance and worse quality of life. This may also permit early diagnosis of AD pathology, widely acknowledged as a pre-requisite for future disease-modifying therapies. This study aims to bridge the divide between in-laboratory polysomnographic studies which allow for rich characterisation of sleep but in an unnatural setting, and naturalistic studies typically approximating sleep through use of non-EEG wearable devices. It is also designed to record sleep patterns over a 2 month duration sufficient to capture both infradian rhythm and compensatory responses following suboptimal sleep. Finally, it harnesses an extensively phenotyped population including with AD blood biomarkers. Its principal aims are to improve characterisation of sleep and biological rhythms in individuals with AD, particularly focusing on micro-architectural measures of sleep, compensatory responses to suboptimal sleep and the relationship between sleep parameters, biological rhythms and cognitive performance. METHODS/DESIGN This observational cohort study has two arms (AD-MCI / mild AD dementia and aged-matched healthy adults). Each participant undergoes a baseline visit for collection of demographic, physiological and neuropsychological information utilising validated questionnaires. The main study period involves 7 nights of home-based multi-channel EEG sleep recording nested within an 8-week study period involving continuous wrist-worn actigraphy, sleep diaries and regular brief cognitive tests. Measurement of sleep parameters will be at home thereby obtaining a real-world, naturalistic dataset. Cognitive testing will be repeated at 6 months to stratify participants by longitudinal disease progression. DISCUSSION This study will generate new insights particularly in micro-architectural measures of sleep, circadian patterns and compensatory sleep responses in a population with and without AD neurodegenerative change. It aims to enhance standards of remotely based sleep research through use of a well-phenotyped population and advanced sleep measurement technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Blackman
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ UK
- Bristol Brain Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | - Hamish Duncan Morrison
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ UK
- Bristol Brain Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | - Victoria Gabb
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ UK
- Bristol Brain Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | - Bijetri Biswas
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ UK
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ UK
- Bristol Brain Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | - Nicholas Turner
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ UK
| | - Amy Jolly
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - William Trender
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Alan Whone
- Bristol Brain Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | - Elizabeth Coulthard
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ UK
- Bristol Brain Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
- Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
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Sauers SC, Toedebusch CD, Richardson R, Spira AP, Morris JC, Holtzman DM, Lucey BP. Chronotype is Associated with Sleep Quality in Older Adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.04.23294997. [PMID: 37732218 PMCID: PMC10508806 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.23294997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Disrupted sleep is common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a marker for AD risk. The timing of sleep or chronotype affects sleep-wake activity and is also associated with AD, but little is known about links between sleep and chronotype in older adults. In this study, we tested if different measures of sleep and chronotype are associated among older adults even after adjusting for multiple potentially confounding variables. Methods Participants (N=243) with a mean age of 74 underwent standardized cognitive assessments, measurement of CSF AD biomarkers, and sleep monitoring via single-channel EEG, actigraphy, and self-reported sleep logs. Chronotype was defined as the midpoint of sleep measured by actigraphy. Results Later mid-point of sleep (i.e., late chronotype) was associated with African American race and greater night-to-night variability in the sleep mid-point. After controlling for age, race, sex, cognitive status, AD biomarkers, and sleep disorders, a later mid-point of sleep was associated with longer rapid eye movement (REM) onset latency, decreased REM sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, increased sleep onset latency, and more awakenings at night. Late chronotype was also associated with increased <2 Hz non-REM slow-wave activity. Conclusions To identify individuals at risk for cognitive impairment before symptoms onset, non-invasive in vivo markers of brain function, such as sleep, are needed to track both future risk of cognitive impairment and response to interventions. Chronotype is a potential modifiable AD risk factor and should also be taken into account when using sleep as a marker for AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Sauers
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Rachel Richardson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Adam P. Spira
- Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brendan P. Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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Hicks H, Meyer K, Watts A. Differential effects of chronotype on physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1029221. [PMID: 38455930 PMCID: PMC10910946 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1029221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Chronotypes reflect individuals' preferred activity and sleep patterns (e.g., "morning-types" vs. "evening-types") and are associated with health and physical activity. Less is known about the relationship between chronotype and cognitive health in older adults. It is unclear whether chronotype's influence is driven by sleep timing or disruption. This study explored the relationship between chronotype, physical activity, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without self-reported sleep disorders. Methods Participants were 153 older adults (M = 70.35, SD = 5.89) who wore an Actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for seven days to measure total physical activity, peak physical activity, and chronotype (sleep interval midpoint). We categorized participants as morning-, evening-, and intermediate-chronotypes and assessed cognitive performance in domains of attention, executive function, and verbal memory. Results MANCOVAs showed patterns of activity across the 24-hour day differed between chronotypes such that morning-types were active earlier and evening-types active later, ps > .001. Total physical activity and average peak activity did not differ between chronotypes, (ps ≥ .117). Timing of peak activity followed expectations (morning-types peaked earliest (p = .019). Evening-types exhibited significantly worse executive function and attention than intermediate-types, p = .008. When excluding participants with sleep disorders, evening-types engaged in significantly less total physical activity than other groups, but cognitive performance did not differ. Discussion We found no differences in total or peak physical activity between groups, which is inconsistent with findings from studies in younger samples. This suggests the role of chronotype on physical activity may change with age and points to the potential impact of methodological discrepancies. While evening-types exhibited worse executive function and attention performance, this finding disappeared when participants with sleep disorders were excluded. Sleep dysregulation rather than sleep timing may be driving this difference. Recent trends in physical activity research explore activity patterns across the 24-hour day and acknowledge codependence between different activity types. Our findings suggest chronotype and activity timing may be important as researchers advance this line of research in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Hicks
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Kayla Meyer
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
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Huang J, Li M, McPhillips MV, Lukkahatai N, Li J. Association of Sleep and Physical Activity Among Older Adults and the Moderation of Chronotype. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2022; 97:35-51. [PMID: 36217729 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221128974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations of both subjectively and objectively measured sleep with physical activity among older adults and to explore the possible moderating role of chronotype in these associations. We included baseline data of 116 community-dwelling older adults without dementia from three prior studies. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Actigraphy were used as subjective and objective sleep measures, respectively. Physical activity was assessed by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was used to measure chronotype, which was further dichotomized into morning type and non-morning type. Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the associations, controlling for demographic and health characteristics. We found that better subjective sleep quality, shorter actigraphy sleep duration, and higher actigraphy sleep efficiency were uniquely associated with greater physical activity. Being a morning type might alleviate the adverse association between poor subjective sleep quality and physical activity among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- School of Nursing, 1466John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mengchi Li
- School of Nursing, 1466John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nada Lukkahatai
- School of Nursing, 1466John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junxin Li
- School of Nursing, 1466John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Smith SK, Tran P, Madden KA, Boyd J, Braun R, Musiek ES, Ju YES. Validation of blood-based transcriptomic circadian phenotyping in older adults. Sleep 2022; 45:6619121. [PMID: 35762800 PMCID: PMC9453620 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Kendall Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep (COBRAS), Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Peter Tran
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Katherine A Madden
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Jill Boyd
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Rosemary Braun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois , USA
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep (COBRAS), Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis , MO , USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Yo-El S Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep (COBRAS), Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis , MO , USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
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12
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Feingold CL, Smiley A. Healthy Sleep Every Day Keeps the Doctor Away. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10740. [PMID: 36078455 PMCID: PMC9518120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When one considers the big picture of their health, sufficient sleep may often go overlooked as a keystone element in this picture. Insufficient sleep in either quality or duration is a growing problem for our modern society. It is essential to look at what this means for our health because insufficient sleep increases our risks of innumerable lifechanging diseases. Beyond increasing the risk of developing these diseases, it also makes the symptoms and pathogenesis of many diseases worse. Additionally, consistent quality sleep can not only improve our physical health but has also been shown to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Substandard sleep health could be a root cause for numerous issues individuals may be facing in their lives. It is essential that physicians take the time to learn about how to educate their patients on sleep health and try to work with them on an individual level to help motivate lifestyle changes. Facilitating access to sleep education for their patients is one way in which physicians can help provide patients with the tools to improve their sleep health. Throughout this paper, we will review the mechanisms behind the relationship between insufficient sleep health and chronic disease and what the science says about how inadequate sleep health negatively impacts the overall health and the quality of our lives. We will also explain the lifechanging effects of sufficient sleep and how we can help patients get there.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Smiley
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, New York, NY 10595, USA
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13
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Roshanmehr F, Hayashi K, Tahara Y, Suiko T, Nagamori Y, Iwai T, Shibata S. Association between Breakfast Meal Categories and Timing of Physical Activity of Japanese Workers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172609. [PMID: 36076795 PMCID: PMC9455950 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and has been associated with longevity. Regular breakfast consumers often have a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet and regular physical activity. Methods: We examined the association between breakfast type, chronotype (morningness-eveningness), and physical activity in 3395 Japanese workers using a cross-sectional web survey. Results: Participants who ate Japanese breakfasts showed an early chronotype, while those who ate breakfast cereal exhibited a later chronotype. Physical activity was positively associated with adopting a Japanese breakfast style. Japanese breakfast eaters performed physical activities from 6:00–9:00 compared with other breakfast eaters. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that eating a Japanese breakfast is associated with an earlier chronotype (morningness) and higher physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Roshanmehr
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Katsuki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takahiko Suiko
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagamori
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Takao Iwai
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5369-7318
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14
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Zou H, Zhou H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Chronotype, circadian rhythm, and psychiatric disorders: Recent evidence and potential mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811771. [PMID: 36033630 PMCID: PMC9399511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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15
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Sempere-Rubio N, Aguas M, Faubel R. Association between Chronotype, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159646. [PMID: 35955020 PMCID: PMC9367887 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review is to compile and assess the scientific evidence about the relationship between chronotypes and physical activity (PA). Methods: A systematic review was executed using a structured electronic search in PubMED, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo and Trip Database. The searches employed keywords such as chronotype, sleep, acrophase, chronotype preference, morningness, physical activity and sedentary, using MeSH terms. JBI critical tools were used to appraise methodological aspects. RESULTS This systematic review includes 23 studies and a total of 505,375 participants. The results show that evening chronotypes are associated with less PA and more time in sedentary activities. It occurs independently of the instruments used to collect information about chronotype and PA. Nevertheless, this association could be mitigated in young populations and university stages. CONCLUSIONS The chronotypes are clearly associated with the PA level and the sedentary behaviour, especially in the population over their mid-twenties. Evening chronotypes are associated with less PA and more time in sedentary activities compared to morning chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Sempere-Rubio
- Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit (UBIC), Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Gasco Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariam Aguas
- Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Faubel
- Joint Research Unit in ICT Applied to Reengineering Socio-Sanitary Process, IIS La Fe—Universitat Politècnica de València, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- PTinMOTION—Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Gasco Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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16
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang L, Song Z, Di T, Dong X, Song X, Han X, Zhao Y, Wang B, Cui H, Chen H, Li S. Physical Activity and Cognition in Sedentary Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:957-968. [PMID: 35431253 PMCID: PMC9198743 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that physical activity benefits cognition, but results from randomized trials in sedentary individuals are limited and inconsistent. Objective: To evaluate the effects of physical activity on cognition among sedentary older adults. Objective: A systematic literature search for eligible studies published up to January 1, 2021, was performed on six international (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Sinomed, FMRS, and OVID) and three Chinese databases (Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP). We estimated the effect of physical activity on the cognition of sedentary elderly by standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. We evaluated publication bias using funnel plots and heterogeneity using I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses were conducted by baseline cognition, intervention duration, activity type, and country. Results: Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 321 (experimental group, 164; control group, 157) sedentary older adults were included in the meta-analysis. Physical activity significantly improved cognition in sedentary elderly adults compared with controls (SMD: 0.50, 95% CI:0.09–0.92). Subgroup analyses showed significant effects of baseline cognition impairment (SMD: 9.80, 95% CI: 5.81–13.80), intervention duration > 12 weeks (SMD: 2.85, 95% CI: 0.73–4.96), aerobic exercise (SMD: 0.74, CI: 0.19–1.29), and countries other than the United States (SMD: 10.50, 95% CI: 7.08–13.92). Conclusion: Physical activity might have a general positive effect on the cognition of sedentary older adults. Intervention > 12 weeks and aerobic exercise can effectively delay their cognitive decline; however, more rigorous RCTs are needed to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eighth People’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zihe Song
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tengsen Di
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyi Dong
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohan Song
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xintong Han
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bingfei Wang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - HuiXian Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, China
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17
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Kim HK, Chijiki H, Fukazawa M, Okubo J, Ozaki M, Nanba T, Higashi S, Shioyama M, Takahashi M, Nakaoka T, Shibata S. Supplementation of Protein at Breakfast Rather Than at Dinner and Lunch Is Effective on Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 8:797004. [PMID: 34993224 PMCID: PMC8724572 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.797004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of different intake patterns of meal protein on muscle mass have not been clarified. We cross-sectionally and longitudinally examined the effect of different timing of protein intake on sarcopenia-related factors in older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study 1 included 219 (male, n = 69, female, n = 150) elderly subjects aged ≥65 years. Subjects who consumed more protein at breakfast than at dinner were grouped into the morning group (MG, n = 76; male, n = 26; female, n = 50), and those who consumed more protein at dinner than at breakfast were grouped into the evening group (EG, n = 143; male, n = 43; female, n = 100). In cross-sectional study 2-1 (female, n = 125), the subjects were classified into four groups according to the number of meals with sufficient protein intake. In cross-sectional studies 2-2 (female, n = 125) and 2-3 (female, n = 27), the subjects were classified into eight groups and three groups according to whether they had consumed sufficient protein at three meals; sarcopenia-related factors were compared. The intervention study was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled trial that included 40 elderly women with low daily breakfast protein intake. The subjects were divided into four groups: morning protein and placebo intake groups and evening protein and placebo intake groups. Each group consumed the test food (containing 10 g milk protein) or placebo in the morning or evening for 12 weeks. Blood indices and physical function were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Comparing all subjects, MG showed significantly higher handgrip strength than did EG (P < 0.05). The higher ratio of morning protein intake relative to the total protein intake, the better the muscle mass (r = 0.452, P < 0.05) and handgrip strength (r = 0.383, P < 0.05). The intervention study showed an increase in muscle mass with the intake of milk protein in the morning rather than in the evening (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Protein intake at breakfast might have relatively stronger effects on skeletal muscle mass than at lunch and dinner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Hanako Chijiki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Mayuko Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Jin Okubo
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Mamiho Ozaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Takuya Nanba
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Japan
| | | | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan
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18
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Lotti S, Pagliai G, Colombini B, Sofi F, Dinu M. Chronotype Differences in Energy Intake, Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters, Cancer, and Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:269-281. [PMID: 34549270 PMCID: PMC8803479 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronotype is a behavioral manifestation of the internal circadian clock system. It refers to the specific activity-rest preference of an individual over a 24-h period and can be assessed using different methodologies that classify individuals into morning or evening chronotype. In recent years, several studies have suggested a relation between individual chronotype, eating habits, and the risk of developing obesity and other conditions. Our aim was to evaluate the association between chronotype, energy intake, and health status through a meta-analytic approach. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database was conducted. Observational studies that reported a measure of association between chronotype, energy intake, and health indicators were considered eligible. Overall, 39 observational studies (37 cross-sectional studies, 2 prospective cohort studies) were included in the systematic review, with a total of 377,797 subjects. By comparing morning and evening subjects, pooled analyses of cross-sectional studies showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher concentrations of blood glucose [mean difference (MD): 7.82; 95% CI: 3.18, 12.45], glycated hemoglobin (MD: 7.64; 95% CI: 3.08, 12.21), LDL cholesterol (MD: 13.69; 95% CI: 6.84, 20.54), and triglycerides (MD: 12.62; 95% CI: 0.90, 24.35) in evening subjects. Furthermore, an association between evening type and the risk of diabetes (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.41), cancer (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30), and depression (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.88) was reported. Regarding the other outcomes examined, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of energy intake, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, insulin, total and HDL cholesterol, and hypertension risk. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile and higher risk of diabetes, cancer, and depression. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to better elucidate the interplay between chronotype, nutrition, and health status. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42021231044.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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19
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Objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior and global cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111524. [PMID: 34181963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are important factors for healthy ageing. This systematic review aimed to determine the association of objectively assessed (instrumented) PA and SB with global cognitive function in older adults. METHODS PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library (via Wiley), CINAHL, PsychINFO, and SPORTDiscus (via EBSCO) were searched from inception to June 21, 2020 for articles that described associations of objectively assessed PA/SB with global cognitive function in older adults aged 60 years and older. Results were synthesized using an effect direction heat map and albatross plots portrayed estimated effect sizes (standardized regression coefficients (βs)), which were summarized in boxplots. RESULTS In total, 45 articles were included representing a total of 15,817 older adults (mean/median age ranged from 65 to 88 years; 49.5% female). Longitudinal studies (n = 7) showed that higher moderate-to-vigorous and light PA (MVPA and LPA, respectively) and lower SB were associated with better global cognitive function. Standardized βs of cross-sectional studies (n = 38) showed that lower SB (median [IQR], β = 0.078 [0.004-0.184] and higher LPA (β = 0.096 [0.046-0.188]), activity counts (β = 0.131 [0.049-0.224]), number of steps (β = 0.155 [0.096-0.246]), MVPA (β = 0.163 [0.069-0.285]) and total PA (TPA) (β = 0.174 [0.147-0.255]) were associated with better global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Higher PA and lower SB are associated with better global cognitive function in older adults. The greatest estimated effect sizes were found for moderate-to-vigorous and TPA, suggesting that greater duration of any PA, and high intensity PA could be most beneficial for global cognitive function.
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20
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Diurnal preference and depressive symptomatology: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12003. [PMID: 34099766 PMCID: PMC8184740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eveningness, a preference for later sleep and rise times, has been associated with a number of negative outcomes in terms of both physical and mental health. A large body of evidence links eveningness to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, to date, evidence quantifying this association is limited. The current meta-analysis included 43 effect sizes from a total 27,996 participants. Using a random-effects model it was demonstrated that eveningness is associated with a small effect size (Fisher's Z = - 2.4, 95% CI [- 0.27. - 0.21], p < 0.001). Substantial heterogeneity between studies was observed, with meta-regression analyses demonstrating a significant effect of mean age on the association between diurnal preference and depression. There was also evidence of potential publication bias as assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger's test. The association between diurnal preference and depression is small in magnitude and heterogenous. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings linking diurnal preference to depression and suitably powered prospective studies that allow causal inference are required.
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21
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Oliveira GF, Marin TC, Apolinário N, Rosa-Silva J, Azevêdo L, Ceciliato J, Silva-Batista C, Brito LC. Association of morningness-eveningness preference with physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic social distancing: a cross-sectional survey in Brazil. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1432-1440. [PMID: 34034607 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1931276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Social distancing (SDIST) to contain COVID-19 pandemic spread implies reduced sunlight exposure and social daily life, which delay the circadian system and increase eveningness preference. The regular practice of physical activity (PA) is a time cue that decreased during SDIST. However, it is unknown if decreased PA may be associated with increase of eveningness preference. This study aimed to investigate if PA changes might be associated with changes in the morningness-eveningness preference of individuals practicing SDIST in Brazil. For this, 322 adults (18-89 years-old) regularly living in Brazil between March and October 2020 answered an online survey including questions considering the before and during SDIST period on PA (min/week) and morningness-eveningness questionnaire score. Sociodemographic, SDIST, anthropometric, and health characteristics were also included in the online survey. Participants self-reported an increase of eveningness preference comparing Before-SDIST with During-SDIST scores (56 ± 12 vs. 52 ± 13, p < .0001). Self-reported PA decreased comparing Before-SDIST with During-SDIST (230 ± 170 vs. 149 ± 155 min/week, p < .0001). Decrease in the total volume of PA and hours spent outside per day, and higher body mass index were associated with the increase in eveningness preference (R2 = .077), although the decrease in the total volume of PA was the strongest association (R2 = .037). In summary, our results show that SDIST may cause a delay in the circadian system, which is associated with the decrease of PA, a reduction in the hours spent outside per day with sunlight exposure, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Oliveira
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Applied Chronobiology & Exercise Physiology Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais C Marin
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Applied Chronobiology & Exercise Physiology Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Apolinário
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Applied Chronobiology & Exercise Physiology Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Rosa-Silva
- Applied Chronobiology & Exercise Physiology Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luan Azevêdo
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Ceciliato
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Applied Chronobiology & Exercise Physiology Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Silva-Batista
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Brito
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Applied Chronobiology & Exercise Physiology Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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