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Solera-Sanchez A, Beltran-Valls MR, Moliner-Urdiales D, Adelantado-Renau M. Mediating role of physical fitness on the association between diet and health-related quality of life in adolescents. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:369-374. [PMID: 39149531 PMCID: PMC11325226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to analyse whether the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is mediated by physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-limb strength, upper-limb strength and motor competence) in adolescents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study including mediation analyses. This study involved 181 adolescents (86 girls) aged 15.8 ± 0.3 years recruited from secondary schools and sport clubs located in Castellon (Spain). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the KIDMED questionnaire. HRQoL was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. Lower-limb strength was assessed through the standing broad jump test. Upper-limb strength was evaluated using a handgrip dynamometer. Motor competence was assessed using the 4 × 10 m shuttle run test. Mediation analyses were performed for each physical fitness component in order to assess its mediating effect on the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL. Indirect effects (IE) with confidence intervals (CI) not including zero were interpreted as statistically significant. Results Cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb strength had a mediating effect on the positive association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL (IE = 0.11, 95 % CI = 0.01; 0.27 and IE = 0.07, 95 % CI = 0.01; 0.19). Upper-limb strength and motor competence did not act as mediators in the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL (IE = 0.00, 95 % CI = -0.04; 0.07 and IE = 0.01, 95 % CI = -0.03; 0.07, respectively). Conclusion Our findings showed that the positive association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on adolescents' HRQoL was mediated by physical fitness. Educational and public health strategies aiming to improve Spanish adolescents' HRQoL should focus on diet and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Solera-Sanchez
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Rd., OX3 0BP, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Reyes Beltran-Valls
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education and Specific Didactics, University Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/n, PC, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Diego Moliner-Urdiales
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education and Specific Didactics, University Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/n, PC, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Mireia Adelantado-Renau
- LIFE Research Group, Department of Education and Specific Didactics, University Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/n, PC, 12071, Castellón, Spain
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Wu H, Meng G, Wang L, Xiao J, Hu K, Li Q. Understanding the relationships among adolescents' internet dependence, reward, cognitive control processing, and learning burnout: a network perspective in China. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:599. [PMID: 39238001 PMCID: PMC11376062 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the reward and cognitive control systems are commonly observed among adolescents with internet dependence (ID), and this impairment is often accompanied by social dysfunctions, such as academic burnout. However, the intercorrelations among ID, reward, cognitive control processing, and learning burnout remain unclear. We recruited 1074 Chinese adolescents to investigate the complex interrelationships among these variables using network analysis. The resulting network revealed patterns that connected ID to the behavioral inhibition/activation system (BIS/BAS), self-control, and learning burnout; these results exhibited reasonable stability and test-retest consistency. Throughout the network, the node of BAS-drive was the critical influencing factor, and the node of self-control was the protection factor. In addition, several symptoms of learning burnout and ID were positively associated with sensitivity to punishment. As revealed by the network comparison test, the network constructed among internet dependent (ID) group differed from the network constructed among internet nondependent (IND) group not only in the edges between BIS and learning burnout but also in terms of the edges associated with learning burnout. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the complex mechanisms underlying ID among adolescents from the perspective of the network relationships between core influencing factors and negative consequences. It validates the dual-system model of risky behavior among adolescents and offers a foundation for early warning and interventions for ID in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guangteng Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Kesong Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Wenzel C, Bongers BC, Schlagheck ML, Reis D, Reinhard F, Schmidt P, Bernitzki S, Oberste M, Wunram HL, Zimmer P, Fricke O. Validation of the maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in adolescents with major depressive disorder and comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness with sex- and age-related control values. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:379-388. [PMID: 37906306 PMCID: PMC10858085 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Endurance training has been shown to be effective in treating adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). To integrate endurance training into the therapeutic setting and the adolescents' daily lives, the current performance status of the adolescents should be accurately assessed. This study aims to examine adolescents with MDD concerning exhaustion criteria during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), as well as to compare the values obtained thereon with sex- and age-related control values. The study included a retrospective examination of exhaustion criteria ((i) oxygen consumption (V̇O2) plateau, (ii) peak respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak) > 1.0, (iii) peak heart rate (HRpeak) ≥ 95% of the age-predicted maximal HR, and (iv) peak blood lactate concentration (BLCpeak) > 8.0 mmol⋅L-1) during a graded CPET on a cycle ergometer in adolescents with MDD (n = 57). Subsequently, maximal V̇O2, peak minute ventilation, V̇O2 at the first ventilatory threshold, and peak work rate of participants who met at least two of four criteria were compared with published control values using an independent-sample t-test. Thirty-three percent of the total population achieved a V̇O2 plateau and 75% a RERpeak > 1.0. The HR and BLC criteria were met by 19% and 22%, respectively. T-test results revealed significant differences between adolescents with MDD and control values for all outcomes. Adolescents with MDD achieved between 56% and 83% of control values. Conclusions: The study shows that compared with control values, fewer adolescents with MDD achieve the exhaustion criteria on a CPET and adolescents with MDD have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Clinical trial registration: No. U1111-1145-1854. What is Known: • It is already known that endurance training has a positive effect on depressive symptoms. What is New: • A relevant proportion of adolescents with major depressive disorder do not achieve their V̇O2max during a graded cardiopulmonary exercise test. • Adolescents with major depressive disorder have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared to sex- and age-related control values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wenzel
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bart Chateau Bongers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Lea Schlagheck
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniela Reis
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Professorship for Integrative Pediatrics, Witten, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke gGmbH, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Franziska Reinhard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Department of Special Care Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Witten, Germany
| | - Stefan Bernitzki
- Department of Pediatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Max Oberste
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidrun Lioba Wunram
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Oliver Fricke
- Department of Human Medicine , Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Witten, Germany
- Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Kochman M, Kielar A, Kasprzak M, Maruszczak K, Kasperek W. The Relationship between Self-Rated Health and Physical Fitness in Polish Youth. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:24. [PMID: 38200930 PMCID: PMC10778670 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH) is a tool for assessing a population's health across the lifetime, and seems to be a dynamic assessment of current health status and a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality, whereas insufficient levels of physical fitness in adolescence are a significant health problem and may contribute to the development of many disorders in adulthood. In this cross-sectional study, we attempted to assess the relationship between SRH and the physical fitness of adolescents. Two hundred and thirty-five adolescents (eighty-five boys and one hundred and fifty girls) aged 16-17 were recruited for this study. The study procedures included a short author questionnaire and physical fitness assessment (Zuchora's Physical Fitness Index). Boys declared better health states and reported less frequent morbidity of seasonal diseases (p < 0.05). No differences were found in physical fitness, the incidence of postural disorders, lower limb malalignments, foot deformities, sleep duration, and perception of physical activity on physical condition and well-being in boys and girls (p > 0.05). The comparison of physical fitness levels in adolescents with different SRH, sleep duration, perceptions of physical activity on physical condition and well-being also showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Positive SRH and perception of physical activity on physical condition and well-being, proper sleep duration (7-8 h/night), and a lack of foot deformities are associated with a better physical fitness in adolescents. Physical fitness seems to be a good predictor of SRH only in Polish boys, but not girls and the entire population. The lack of significance in the entire population could be attributed to the substantial number of girls in the study group. Despite that, it is recommended to encourage adolescents to engage in regular exercises, sleep routines and healthy lifestyles. Further research should be based on a more representative group, with a comparable number of girls and boys in the study group and potential confounders, but also they should be focused on SRH predictors to improve SRH in Polish girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kochman
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-215 Rzeszów, Poland
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Solera-Sanchez A, Adelantado-Renau M, Moliner-Urdiales D, Beltran-Valls MR. Individual and combined impact of physical fitness on health-related quality of life during adolescence: DADOS Study. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:294-300. [PMID: 34842042 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2012596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the individual and combined impact of physical fitness components at baseline on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 24-month follow-up in adolescents. This longitudinal research included 199 adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years at baseline) from the DADOS study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. Muscular strength was assessed using the standing broad jump test. Motor competence was assessed using the 4 × 10-m shuttle run test. A physical fitness z-score was calculated as the mean of the z-scores values of each fitness test. A fitness index ranging from 0 to 3 was created according to the number of physical fitness components in which participants achieved high levels according to normative values. HRQoL was evaluated by the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Linear regression analyses showed that cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and the physical fitness z-score at baseline were individually associated with HRQoL at follow-up (β ranging from 0.123 to 0.183; all p < 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents with a fitness index ≥1 at baseline were more likely to achieve high HRQoL at 24-month follow-up, compared with their peers with an index of 0 (OR ranging from 3.554 to 9.087; all p < 0.05). Our results revealed an individual and cumulative positive impact of physical fitness at baseline on HRQoL at 24-month follow-up. These findings underline the key role of promoting the enhancement of overall physical fitness components in order to improve adolescents' health and well-being.Highlights Adolescents with high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and motor competence will benefit from a greater physical and mental well-being over the time.The more physical fitness components with optimal levels, the greater likelihood of reaching better HRQoL over the time.Public health authorities should focus on the promotion of multiple physical fitness components to increase adolescent's likelihood of achieving greater HRQoL over the time.
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Haverkamp BF, Hartman E, Oosterlaan J. Physical fitness and psychosocial health in a sample of Dutch adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2022; 25:101689. [PMID: 35223384 PMCID: PMC8855700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Franca Haverkamp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, PO box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Esther Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departmct of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow-Me Program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Carlos BS, Mireia AR, María Reyes BV, Diego MU. Independent and combined influence of physical fitness components on self-esteem in adolescents: DADOS study. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:550-556. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2032337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Sospedra Carlos
- Universtiy Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
- LIFE Research Group, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Adelantado-Renau Mireia
- Universtiy Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
- LIFE Research Group, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
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Fossati C, Torre G, Vasta S, Giombini A, Quaranta F, Papalia R, Pigozzi F. Physical Exercise and Mental Health: The Routes of a Reciprocal Relation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312364. [PMID: 34886090 PMCID: PMC8656946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sport participation and exercise practice are considered to be beneficial for mental status, yielding an improved mood and better quality of life. On the other hand, good mental fitness is thought to lead to better physical status and sport performance. The key aim of this narrative review is to provide an unstructured overview on the topic with special considerations on the role of mental and physical health to summarize the evidence on their reciprocal influence. While very few papers describe the role of mental health measures in affecting physical performance, more evidence is available concerning the effect of exercise and sport in improving mental health outcomes. Furthermore, there is a consistent role of depressive and anxiety symptoms in influencing the risk of sport injury in either recreational or elite athletes. Moreover, the importance of investigating mental health issues in elite and retired athletes is highlighted. On the basis of the available literature, several biases were found to affect the provided evidence mainly because of the complexity of a proper study design in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.G.); (F.Q.); (F.P.)
| | - Guglielmo Torre
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastiano Vasta
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Arrigo Giombini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.G.); (F.Q.); (F.P.)
| | - Federico Quaranta
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.G.); (F.Q.); (F.P.)
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.G.); (F.Q.); (F.P.)
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