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Ravalihasy A, Faye A, Diallo AI, Gaye I, Ridde V. A social acceptability scale: Validation in the context of government measures to curb the COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 94:49-63. [PMID: 38641214 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In March 2020, the government of Senegal introduced a curfew, a ban on travel between regions, the closure of markets, and a ban on attending places of worship to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of research into the response to COVID-19, we developed a scale to measure the social acceptability of these measures. METHODS We used Sekhon's theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA) to formulate the content of the scale items. We assessed the homogeneity of the scale using Cronbach's Alpha and average interitem correlations. We measured the dimensional properties of the scale using rating scale models. We tested the sensitivity of the scale to sociodemographic characteristics using mixed linear regressions and rating scale models. RESULTS The final scale consisted of seven items corresponding to the constructs of acceptability. Analysis performed on data from 813 individuals showed that the scale has satisfactory statistical properties (Cronbach's α > 0.8, Loevinger's coefficient>0.3, intraclass correlation>0.4). CONCLUSION This scale was one of the first to test the TFA. The small number of items was advantageous for use under challenging data collection contexts. Measuring the acceptability of public health interventions with this tool can help in their design and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adama Faye
- Ised (Institute of Health and Development), Ucad (Cheikh Anta Diop University), Dakar Senegal
| | - Amadou Ibra Diallo
- Ised (Institute of Health and Development), Ucad (Cheikh Anta Diop University), Dakar Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Gaye
- Ised (Institute of Health and Development), Ucad (Cheikh Anta Diop University), Dakar Senegal
| | - Valéry Ridde
- Ceped (IRD-Université Paris Cité-Inserm ERL 1244), Paris France; Ised (Institute of Health and Development), Ucad (Cheikh Anta Diop University), Dakar Senegal
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Jaiyesimi B, Bamitale T, Diyaolu B, Alabi K. The Nigerian youth knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards the national drive against the Spread of COVID-19: An online cross-sectional Survey. F1000Res 2024; 11:1353. [PMID: 38572413 PMCID: PMC10988216 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121826.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)has led to the need to prioritise public health campaign by all stakeholders among diverse population groups. This study investigated the dispositions of Nigerian adolescents towards the prevention of the spread of COVID-19. Methods The young adolescents (n=1,529) included in this study, were between the ages of 15 and 26 years from Afe Babalola University. Students were contacted through their various colleges and residential hostels to complete the questionnaire via a shared link. All students included, voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study by completing the adapted COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire. The collected data were analysed to show the level of knowledge, attitude and preventative practices and also to test for significant association between gender and variables for the study. The study was conducted between March 23-April 25, 2021. Results The outcome of the findings showed that students with families with 5-10 members showed significant association with knowledge accuracy on COVID-19 (χ 2 = 6.077, p = 0.044). There was a significant association between gender and the need to report the suspected case of COVID-19 infection to the health authorities (χ 2 = 14.075, p = 0.001) with more females likely to report a suspected case. More females (59.2%) were significantly (χ 2 = 8.904, p = 0.012) involved in the practice of social distancing or home quarantine as a preventive measure. Conclusions This study showed evidence of high prevalence of knowledge related to COVID-19 in majority of the study participants. This is a pointer to the efficacy and success of present public health campaigns in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boluwaji Jaiyesimi
- Sports Science Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti, 23405, Nigeria
| | - Toba Bamitale
- Sports Science Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti, 23405, Nigeria
| | - Babajide Diyaolu
- Sports Science Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti, 23405, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole Alabi
- Family Medicine Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado EKiti, Ekiti State, 23405, Nigeria
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Bonnet E, Beaugé Y, Ba MF, Sidibé S, De Allegri M, Ridde V. Knowledge of COVID-19 and the impact on indigents' access to healthcare in Burkina Faso. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:150. [PMID: 36289543 PMCID: PMC9607810 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 constitutes a global health emergency of unprecedented proportions. Preventive measures, however, have run up against certain difficulties in low and middle-income countries. This is the case in socially and geographically marginalized communities, which are excluded from information about preventive measures. This study contains a dual objective, i) to assess knowledge of COVID-19 and the preventive measures associated with it concerning indigents in the villages of Diebougou's district in Burkina Faso. The aim is to understand if determinants of this understanding exist, and ii) to describe how their pathways to healthcare changed from 2019 to 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The study was conducted in the Diebougou healthcare district, in the south-west region of Burkina Faso. We relied on a cross-sectional design and used data from the fourth round of a panel survey conducted among a sample of ultra-poor people that had been monitored since 2015. Data were collected in August 2020 and included a total of 259 ultra-poor people. A multivariate logistic regression to determine the factors associated with the respondents' knowledge of COVID-19 was used. RESULTS Half of indigents in the district said they had heard about COVID-19. Only 29% knew what the symptoms of the disease were. The majority claimed that they protected themselves from the virus by using preventive measures. This level of knowledge of the disease can be observed with no differences between the villages. Half of the indigents who expressed themselves agreed with government measures except for the closure of markets. An increase of over 11% can be seen in indigents without the opportunity for getting healthcare compared with before the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS This research indicates that COVID-19 is partially known and that prevention measures are not universally understood. The study contributes to reducing the fragmentation of knowledge, in particular on vulnerable and marginalized populations. Results should be useful for future interventions for the control of epidemics that aim to leave no one behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bonnet
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement, UMR 215 PRODIG, 5, Cours Des Humanités, 93 322, Aubervilliers Cedex, France.
| | - Y Beaugé
- Heidelberg University, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M F Ba
- Institut de Santé Et de Développement (ISED), Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - S Sidibé
- University Joseph Ki-Zerbo of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - M De Allegri
- Heidelberg University, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Ridde
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement, Ceped, Université de Paris, Inserm ERL 1244, 45 Rue Des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut de Santé Et Développement, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
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Gelgelu TB, Nuriye S, Chichiabellu TY, Kerbo AA. Compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among chronic disease patients in Wolaita and Dawuro zones, Southern Ethiopia: A proportional odds model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276553. [PMID: 36288360 PMCID: PMC9604994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction So far, shreds of evidence have shown that COVID-19 related hospitalization, serious outcomes, and mortality were high among individuals with chronic medical conditions. However, strict compliance with basic public health measures such as hand washing with soap, social distancing, and wearing masks has been recommended and proven effective in preventing transmission of the infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures and identify its predictors among patients with common chronic diseases in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia by applying the proportional odds model. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia between February and March 2021. Using a systematic random sampling technique, 419 patients with common chronic diseases were recruited. Data were collected using an Open Data Kit and then submitted to the online server. The proportional odds model was employed, and the level of significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results This study revealed that 55.2% (95%CI: 50.4%-59.9%) of the study participants had low compliance levels with COVID-19 preventive measures. The final proportional odds model identified that perceived susceptibility (AOR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.97), cues to action (AOR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.85, 0.94), having access to drinking water piped into the dwelling (AOR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.84), having no access to any internet (AOR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.92), having no functional refrigerator (AOR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.26, 3.74), and having poor knowledge (AOR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.98) were the independent predictors of low compliance level with COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusion In the study area, more than half of the participants had low compliance levels with COVID-19 preventive measures. Thus, the identified factors should be considered when designing, planning, and implementing new interventional strategies, so as to improve the participants’ compliance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Bati Gelgelu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shemsu Nuriye
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Amene Abebe Kerbo
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Akilimali PZ, Mashinda DK, Lulebo AM, Mafuta EM, Onyamboko MA, Tran NT. The emergence of COVID-19 in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Community knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Kinshasa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265538. [PMID: 35727797 PMCID: PMC9212135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first COVID-19 case in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was reported on 10 March 2020 in Kinshasa, prompting the government to promote internationally agreed non-pharmacological interventions for infection prevention and control. Public compliance to these measures is critical and depends on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of communities regarding COVID-19, for which there was no data. This study aimed to bridge that gap. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa in June 2020, during the emergency state, following a four-stage sampling process. Master’s students from the Kinshasa School of Public Health conducted the survey. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed. Results The study enrolled 726 women and 600 men (mean age: 43; SD 16-85). Nearly everyone heard about COVID-19 (mainly through television, radio, and street reports), but only 17% were highly knowledgeable about its transmission modes, signs and symptoms, and preventive measures. More than 80% of participants believed in the disease’s seriousness; however, only 21% found the total lockdown acceptable. Nonetheless, 86% reported regular hand cleaning and mask-wearing followed by physical distancing (72%). Poorer, younger, and non-Catholic participants were overall markedly less knowledgeable and had comparatively lower levels of health-protective attitudes, acceptance, and practices. The education level and household size did not matter. Female participants tended to show fewer enabling attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 prevention measures compared to men. Conclusion Adequate public health information to improve the population’s KAP related to COVID-19 is critical and must be designed with and delivered to the community—considering the specific needs of diverse sub-groups and contexts. Studies in Kinshasa and similar settings are necessary to understand the barriers to and enablers of acquiring, applying, and maintaining the optimal population’s KAP for COVID-19 prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Z. Akilimali
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- * E-mail:
| | - Désiré K. Mashinda
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Aimé M. Lulebo
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Eric M. Mafuta
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marie A. Onyamboko
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Nguyen Toan Tran
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Durizzo K, Asiedu E, van der Merwe A, Günther I. Economic Recovery but Stagnating Mental Health During a Global Pandemic? Evidence from Ghana and South Africa. THE REVIEW OF INCOME AND WEALTH 2022; 68:563-589. [PMID: 35942044 PMCID: PMC9348047 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ghana and South Africa proactively implemented lockdowns very early in the pandemic. We analyze a three-wave panel of households in Accra and Greater Johannesburg to study the mental and economic well-being of the urban poor between the COVID-19 lockdown and the "new normal" one year later. We find that even if economic well-being has mostly recovered, life satisfaction has only improved slightly and feelings of depression are again at lockdown levels one year into the pandemic. While economic factors are strongly correlated with mental health and explain the differences in mental health between South Africa and Ghana, increasing worries about the future and limited knowledge about the pandemic (both countries) as well as deteriorating physical health (South Africa) and trust in government (Ghana) explain why mental health has not recovered. Therefore, we need broad and country-specific policies, beyond financial support, to accelerate the post-pandemic recovery of the urban poor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Asiedu
- University of Ghana Business SchoolAccraGhana
- University of PassauPassauGermany
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Ridde V, Kane B, Gaye I, Ba MF, Diallo A, Bonnet E, Traoré Z, Faye A. Acceptability of government measures against COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal: A mixed methods study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000041. [PMID: 36962102 PMCID: PMC10021345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While the first case of COVID-19 was declared on March 2 2020 in Senegal, the government banned the attendance of places of worship on 14 March, as a first measure. On March 23, it introduced a curfew, a ban on movement between regions, and the closure of markets. The objective of this study is to measure and understand the acceptability of these four governmental measures as well as the level of public trust in the state to fight the pandemic. We carried out a mixed-method research. The acceptability variables were defined using the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA). At the quantitative level, we carried out a telephone survey (June/July 2020) at the national level (n = 813) with a sampling strategy by marginal quotas. We conducted a qualitative survey (August/September 2020) with a nested sample (n = 30). The results show a relatively high acceptability of the measures but a heterogeneity of responses. People considered curfews to be much more important (85.7% [83.2%; 88.0%]) than the closure of places of worship (55.4%; [51.9%; 58.7%]), which is least in line with the values and positive affective attitude. Several positive unintended effects of the curfew were stated (security and social/family cohesion). People over the age of 60 have more confidence in the government to fight the pandemic than people under the age of 25, although not significant (7.72 ± 3.12 vs. 7.07 ± 3.11, p = 0.1); and they are more in favour of the closure of places of worship. The more regions are affected by the pandemic, the less confidence respondents report in the government and the less they perceive the measures as effective. The results confirm the importance of government communication and trust in the state to strengthen the acceptability of pandemic measures. Important differences in acceptability show the need to adapt measures and their explanations, instead of unqualified universal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Ridde
- CEPED, IRD-Université de Paris, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
- Institut de Santé et Développement (ISED), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Kane
- Institut de Santé et Développement (ISED), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Gaye
- Institut de Santé et Développement (ISED), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mouhamadou Faly Ba
- Institut de Santé et Développement (ISED), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Diallo
- Institut de Santé et Développement (ISED), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Emmanuel Bonnet
- IRD (French Institute for Research on Sustainable Development) Résiliences / PRODIG, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Bondy, France
| | | | - Adama Faye
- Institut de Santé et Développement (ISED), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
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Siddiquea BN, Shetty A, Bhattacharya O, Afroz A, Billah B. Global epidemiology of COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051447. [PMID: 34521674 PMCID: PMC8441223 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the global general population regarding COVID-19. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO were used to identify articles published between 1 January and 30 June 2021 assessing KAP regarding COVID-19 in the global general population. The quality of eligible studies was assessed. Random effects model was used to obtain the pooled proportion of each component of KAP of COVID-19. Heterogeneity (I2) was tested, and subgroup and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS Out of 3099 records, 84 studies from 45 countries across all continents assessing 215 731 participants' COVID-19 KAP were included in this study. The estimated overall correct answers for knowledge, good attitude and good practice in this review were 75% (95% CI 72% to 77%), 74% (95% CI 71% to 77%) and 70% (95% CI 66% to 74%), respectively. Low-income countries, men, people aged below 30 years and people with 12 years of education or less had the lowest practice scores. Practice scores were below 60% in Africa and Europe/Oceania. Overall heterogeneity was high (I2 ≥98%), and publication bias was present (Egger's regression test, p<0.01). A positive significant correlation between knowledge and practice (r=0.314, p=0.006), and attitude and practice (r=0.348, p=0.004) was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study's findings call for community-based awareness programmes to provide a simple, clear and understandable message to reinforce knowledge especially regarding efficacy of the preventive measures in low and lower middle-income countries, and in Africa and Europe/Oceania, which will translate into good practice. Targeted intervention for men, people with low education, unemployed people and people aged below 30 years should be recommended. As most of the included studies were online surveys, underprivileged and remote rural people may have been missed out. Additional studies are needed to cover heterogeneous populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020203476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodrun Naher Siddiquea
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aishwarya Shetty
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oashe Bhattacharya
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Afsana Afroz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Baki Billah
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hemler EC, Korte ML, Lankoande B, Millogo O, Assefa N, Chukwu A, Workneh F, Tinkasimile A, Lyatuu I, Soura A, Wang D, Madzorera I, Vuai S, Bärnighausen T, Sando MM, Killewo J, Oduola A, Sie A, Berhane Y, Fawzi WW. Design and Field Methods of the ARISE Network COVID-19 Rapid Monitoring Survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:310-322. [PMID: 34161299 PMCID: PMC8437175 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significant health and economic ramifications across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data regarding its far-reaching impacts are severely lacking, thereby hindering the development of evidence-based strategies to mitigate its direct and indirect health consequences. To address this need, the Africa Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network established a mobile survey platform in SSA to generate longitudinal data regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to COVID-19 prevention and management and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on health and socioeconomic domains. We conducted a baseline survey of 900 healthcare workers, 1,795 adolescents 10 to 19 years of age, and 1,797 adults 20 years or older at six urban and rural sites in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. Households were selected using sampling frames of existing Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems or national surveys when possible. Healthcare providers in urban areas were sampled using lists from professional associations. Data were collected through computer-assisted telephone interviews from July to November 2020. Consenting participants responded to surveys assessing KAP and the impact of the pandemic on nutrition, food security, healthcare access and utilization, lifestyle, and mental health. We found that mobile telephone surveys can be a rapid and reliable strategy for data collection during emergencies, but challenges exist with response rates. Maintaining accurate databases of telephone numbers and conducting brief baseline in-person visits can improve response rates. The challenges and lessons learned from this effort can inform future survey efforts during COVID-19 and other emergencies, as well as remote data collection in SSA in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C. Hemler
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle L. Korte
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruno Lankoande
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Angela Chukwu
- Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Firehiwot Workneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Isaac Lyatuu
- Africa Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Abdramane Soura
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Said Vuai
- College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Japhet Killewo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ayoade Oduola
- University of Ibadan Research Foundation, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ali Sie
- Nouna Health Research Center, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wafaie W. Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Nwagbara UI, Osual EC, Chireshe R, Bolarinwa OA, Saeed BQ, Khuzwayo N, Hlongwana KW. Knowledge, attitude, perception, and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249853. [PMID: 33872330 PMCID: PMC8055009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge, attitudes, perception, and preventative practices regarding coronavirus- 2019 (COVID-19) are crucial in its prevention and control. Several studies have noted that the majority of people in sub-Saharan African are noncompliant with proposed health and safety measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and respective country health departments. In most sub-Saharan African countries, noncompliance is attributable to ignorance and misinformation, thereby raising questions about people's knowledge, attitudes, perception, and practices towards COVID-19 in these settings. This situation is particularly of concern for governments and public health experts. Thus, this scoping review is aimed at mapping evidence on the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and preventive practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS Systematic searches of relevant articles were performed using databases such as the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, the WHO library and grey literature. Arksey and O'Malley's framework guided the study. The risk of bias for included primary studies was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). NVIVO version 10 was used to analyse the data and a thematic content analysis was used to present the review's narrative account. RESULTS A total of 3037 eligible studies were identified after the database search. Only 28 studies met the inclusion criteria after full article screening and were included for data extraction. Studies included populations from the following SSA countries: Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Rwanda, Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Sierra Leone. All the included studies showed evidence of knowledge related to COVID-19. Eleven studies showed that participants had a positive attitude towards COVID-19, and fifteen studies showed that participants had good practices towards COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Most of the participants had adequate knowledge related to COVID-19. Despite adequate knowledge, the attitude was not always positive, thereby necessitating further education to convey the importance of forming a positive attitude and continuous preventive practice towards reducing contraction and transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochinyere Ijeoma Nwagbara
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Emmanuella Chinonso Osual
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rumbidzai Chireshe
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, South Africa
- Department of demography and social statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
| | - Balsam Qubais Saeed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Nelisiwe Khuzwayo
- Discipline of Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khumbulani W. Hlongwana
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, South Africa
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Ditekemena JD, Nkamba DM, Muhindo HM, Siewe JNF, Luhata C, Van den Bergh R, Tshefu Kitoto A, Van Damme W, Muyembe JJ, Colebunders R. Factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): results of an online survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043356. [PMID: 33462101 PMCID: PMC7813390 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and to identify factors associated with non-adherence. DESIGN A cross-sectional population-based online survey. SETTINGS The study was conducted in 22 provinces of the DRC. Five provinces with a satisfactory number of respondents were included in the analysis: Haut Katanga, Kasaï-Central, Kasaï-Oriental, Kinshasa and North Kivu. PARTICIPANTS The participants were people aged ≥18 years, living in the DRC. A total of 3268 participants were included in the study analysis. INTERVENTIONS Both convenience sampling (surveyors themselves contacted potential participants in different districts) and snowball sampling (the participants were requested to share the link of the questionnaire with their contacts) methods were used. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We computed adherence scores using responses to 10 questions concerning COVID-19 preventive measures recommended by the WHO and the DRC Ministry of Health. We used logistic regression analysis with generalised estimating equations to identify factors of poor adherence. We also asked about the presence or absence of flu-like symptoms during the preceding 14 days, whether a COVID-19 test was done and the test result. RESULTS Data from 3268 participants were analysed. Face masks were not used by 1789 (54.7%) participants. Non-adherence to physical distancing was reported by 1364 (41.7%) participants. 501 (15.3%) participants did not observe regular handwashing. Five variables were associated with poor adherence: lower education level, living with other people at home, being jobless/students, living with a partner and not being a healthcare worker. CONCLUSION Despite compulsory restrictions imposed by the government, only about half of the respondents adhered to COVID-19 preventive measures in the DRC. Disparities across the provinces are remarkable. There is an urgent need to further explore the reasons for these disparities and factors associated with non-adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dinanga Ditekemena
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Universite de Kinshasa Faculte de Medecine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Dalau Mukadi Nkamba
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Universite de Kinshasa Faculte de Medecine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Pôle d'Épidémiologie et Biostatistique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hypolite Mavoko Muhindo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Universite de Kinshasa Faculte de Medecine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Christophe Luhata
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Universite de Kinshasa Faculte de Medecine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Antoinette Tshefu Kitoto
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Universite de Kinshasa Faculte de Medecine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Wim Van Damme
- Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean Jacques Muyembe
- Direction of the institute, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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