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Bashir S, Ghosh P, Lal P. Dancing with danger-how honeybees are getting affected in the web of microplastics-a review. NANOIMPACT 2024; 35:100522. [PMID: 39019436 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have negatively impacted the ecosystem dramatically over the last few decades. The environment is becoming more contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, and microplastics (MPs) as a result of the swift rise in industrialization and urbanisation. These contaminants are present everywhere in the ecosystem, affecting every living creature, from aquatic to terrestrial to aerial. Recently, the widespread of microplastics in the environment has raised serious concerns about the contamination of honey bees by these tiny particles of plastic. Honeybees are the major pollinators which contributes in the pollination of about 70% food that we consume. This review summarizes current research findings on the presence, uptake, and possible effects of microplastics on honey bees. Findings revealed the presence of microplastics in various honey bee matrices, such as honey, pollen, beeswax, and bee bodies, highlighting the potential routes of exposure for these vital pollinators. Additionally, evidence suggests that microplastics can accumulate in honey bee tissues (brain, midgut, Malpighian tubules, trachea, and haemolymph) potentially leading to adverse effects on honey bee health, behaviour, and colony dynamics. Additionally, MPs has a synergistic impact on immune system as well. Change in cuticle profile, reduction in body weight, and changes in eating frequency can regulate overall success rate of their survival. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the long-term consequences for honey bee populations and ecosystem health, which cannot unveil the ultimate degree of future threats. Future research efforts should focus on investigating the interactions between microplastics and other stressors, such as pesticides and pathogens, and assessing the broader ecological implications of honey bee contamination with microplastics. Addressing these knowledge gaps is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies to minimize the impact of microplastics on honey bee populations and safeguarding their vital role in ecosystem functioning and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir
- Department of Zoology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144411
| | - Pritha Ghosh
- Department of Entomology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144411.
| | - Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144411
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Ostroverkhova NV, Rosseykina SA, Yaltonskaya IA, Filinov MS. Estimates of the vitality and performances of Apis mellifera mellifera and hybrid honey bee colonies in Siberia: a 13-year study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17354. [PMID: 39011374 PMCID: PMC11249005 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Honeybees display a great range of biological, behavioral, and economic traits, depending on their genetic origin and environmental factors. The high diversity of honeybees is the result of natural selection of specific phenotypes adapted to the local environment. Of particular interest is adaptation of local and non-local bee colonies to environmental conditions. To study the importance of genotype-environment interactions on the viability and productivity of local and non-local bee colonies, we analyzed the long-term dynamics of the main traits in dark forest bees (Apis mellifera mellifera) and hybrid colonies. From 2010 to 2022, a total of 64 colonies living in an apiary in Siberia, Russia, were monitored and tested to assess their biological, behavioral, and economic traits in a temperate continental climate. We detected significant correlations between the studied biological and behavioral indicators of the bee colony such as colony strength, overwintering ability, infection of colonies with diseases, hygienic behavior, and others. No relationships between the biological and economic (honey productivity) traits of bee colonies are shown. The overall result of our study is that local dark forest bee, A.m.mellifera, showed higher values for all analyzed traits than hybrid colonies. Compared to hybrids, dark forest bee colonies showed more gentleness, productivity, and survivorship. The results from our study indicate a specific local adaptation of the A.m.mellifera subspecies in a temperate continental climate. Siberia represents a unique region for the conservation of the dark forest bee. The creation of conservation areas is one way to protect local bee populations, well adapted to local environmental conditions, from uncontrolled importation of bee breeds from different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Ostroverkhova
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biology Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Tomsk Region, Russia
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Tomsk Region, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Rosseykina
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biology Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Tomsk Region, Russia
| | - Ilona A Yaltonskaya
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biology Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Tomsk Region, Russia
| | - Michail S Filinov
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biology Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Tomsk Region, Russia
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3
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Di Noi A, Caliani I, D'Agostino A, Cai G, Romi M, Campani T, Ferrante F, Baracchi D, Casini S. Assessing the effects of a commercial fungicide and an herbicide, alone and in combination, on Apis mellifera: Insights from biomarkers and cognitive analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142307. [PMID: 38734252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Agrochemicals play a vital role in protecting crops and enhancing agricultural production by reducing threats from pests, pathogens and weeds. The toxicological status of honey bees can be influenced by a number of factors, including pesticides. While extensive research has focused on the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on individual bees and colonies, it is important to recognise that fungicides and herbicides can also affect bees' health. Unfortunately, in the field, honey bees are exposed to mixtures of compounds rather than single substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercial fungicide and a commercial herbicide, both individually and in combination, on honey bees. Mortality assays, biomarkers and learning and memory tests were performed, and the results were integrated to assess the toxicological status of honey bees. Neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities), detoxification and metabolic processes (glutathione S-transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities), immune system function (lysozyme activity and haemocytes count) and genotoxicity biomarkers (Nuclear Abnormalities assay) were assessed. The fungicide Sakura® was found to activate detoxification enzymes and affect alkaline phosphatase activity. The herbicide Elegant 2FD and the combination of both pesticides showed neurotoxic effects and induced detoxification processes. Exposure to the herbicide/fungicide mixture impaired learning and memory in honey bees. This study represents a significant advance in understanding the toxicological effects of commonly used commercial pesticides in agriculture and contributes to the development of effective strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on non-target insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Di Noi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena, 53100, Italy.
| | - Antonella D'Agostino
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Siena, Piazza S. Francesco 7, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Tommaso Campani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Federico Ferrante
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 6, Viterbo, Italy
| | - David Baracchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena, 53100, Italy
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4
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Abuagla MIB, Iqbal J, Raweh HSA, Alqarni AS. Insight into Olfactory Learning, Memory, and Mortality of Apis mellifera jemenitica after Exposure to Acetamiprid Insecticide. INSECTS 2024; 15:473. [PMID: 39057206 PMCID: PMC11276894 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The honey bee, a significant crop pollinator, encounters pesticides through various routes of exposure during foraging and flower visitation. Considering the potential threat of pesticide poisoning, the indigenous Saudi bee Apis mellifera jemenitica is susceptible to the risks associated with acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide. This study investigates the acetamiprid-induced effects on the survival, olfactory learning, and memory formation of A. m. jemenitica through two exposure routes: topical application and oral ingestion. Field-realistic and serially diluted concentrations (100, 50, 25, and 10 ppm) of acetamiprid led to notable mortality at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment, with peak mortality observed at 24 h and 48 h for both exposure routes. Bee mortality was concentration-dependent, increasing with the rising concentration of acetamiprid at the tested time intervals. Food consumption following oral exposure exhibited a concentration-dependent pattern, steadily decreasing with increasing concentrations of acetamiprid. Oral exposure resulted in a substantially higher cumulative mortality (55%) compared to topical exposure (15%), indicating a significant disparity in bee mortality between the two exposure routes. The 24 h post-treatment LC50 values for acetamiprid were 160.33 and 12.76 ppm for topical application and oral ingestion, respectively. The sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC20, and LC30) of acetamiprid were 15.23, 34.18, and 61.20 ppm, respectively, following topical exposure, and 2.85, 4.77, and 6.91 ppm, respectively, following oral exposure. The sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid significantly decreased learning during the 2nd-3rd conditioning trials and impaired memory formation at 2, 12, and 24 h following both topical and oral exposure routes, compared to the control bees. Notably, the sublethal concentrations were equally effective in impairing bee learning and memory. Taken together, acetamiprid exposure adversely affected bee survival, hindered learning, and impaired the memory retention of learned tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdulaziz S. Alqarni
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.B.A.); (J.I.)
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Ye H, Jiang J, Lei Y, Fang N, Luo Y, Cheng Y, Li Y, Wang X, He H, Yu J, Xu Z, Zhang C. A systemic study of cyenopyrafen in strawberry cultivation system: Efficacy, residue behavior, and impact on honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123601. [PMID: 38373624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The pesticide application method is one of the important factors affecting its effectiveness and residues, and the risk of pesticides to non-target organisms. To elucidate the effect of application methods on the efficacy and residue of cyenopyrafen, and the toxic effects on pollinators honeybees in strawberry cultivation, the efficacy and residual behavior of cyenopyrafen were investigated using foliar spray and backward leaf spray in field trials. The results showed that the initial deposition of cyenopyrafen using backward leaf spray on target leaves reached 5.06-9.81 mg/kg at the dose of 67.5-101.25 g a.i./ha, which was higher than that using foliar spray (2.62-3.71 mg/kg). The half-lives of cyenopyrafen in leaves for foliar and backward leaf spray was 2.3-3.3 and 5.3-5.9 d, respectively. The residues (10 d) of cyenopyrafen in leaves after backward leaf spray was 1.41-3.02 mg/kg, which was higher than that after foliar spraying (0.25-0.37 mg/kg). It is the main reason for the better efficacy after backward leaf spray. However, the residues (10 d) in strawberry after backward leaf spray and foliar spray was 0.04-0.10 and < 0.01 mg/kg, which were well below the established maximum residue levels of cyenopyrafen in Japan and South Korea for food safety. To further investigate the effects of cyenopyrafen residues after backward leaf spray application on pollinator honeybees, sublethal effects of cyenopyrafen on honeybees were studied. The results indicated a significant inhibition in the detoxification metabolic enzymes of honeybees under continuous exposure of cyenopyrafen (0.54 and 5.4 mg/L) over 8 d. The cyenopyrafen exposure also alters the composition of honeybee gut microbiota, such as increasing the relative abundance of Rhizobiales and decreasing the relative abundance of Acetobacterales. The comprehensive data on cyenopyrafen provide basic theoretical for environmental and ecological risk assessment, while backward leaf spray proved to be effective and safe for strawberry cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Yuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Nan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Youpu Cheng
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, PR China
| | - Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, PR China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Hongmei He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
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6
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Knoll S, Cappai MG. Foraging Activity of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) and Exposure to Cadmium: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04118-3. [PMID: 38443599 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees are commonly exposed to a broad spectrum of xenobiotics, including heavy metals. Heavy metal toxicity is of concern in the context of global pollinator declines, especially since honey bees seem to be particularly susceptible to xenobiotics in general. Here we summarize current knowledge on the interplay between cadmium, one of the most toxic and mobile elements in the environment, and honey bees, the primary managed pollinator species worldwide. Overall, cadmium pollution has been shown to be ubiquitous, affecting industrial, urban and rural areas alike. Uptake of this heavy metal by plants serves as the primary route of exposure for bees (through pollen and nectar). Reported cadmium toxicity consists of lethal and sublethal effects (reduced development and growth) in both adult and larval stages, as well as various molecular responses related to detoxification and cellular antioxidant defence systems. Other effects of cadmium in honey bees include the disruption of synaptic signalling, calcium metabolism and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Knoll
- Institute of Animal Productions of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cappai
- Institute of Animal Productions of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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7
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Zapata-Hernández G, Gajardo-Rojas M, Calderón-Seguel M, Muñoz AA, Yáñez KP, Requier F, Fontúrbel FE, Ormeño-Arriagada PI, Arrieta H. Advances and knowledge gaps on climate change impacts on honey bees and beekeeping: A systematic review. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17219. [PMID: 38450832 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Western honey bee Apis mellifera is a managed species that provides diverse hive products and contributing to wild plant pollination, as well as being a critical component of crop pollination systems worldwide. High mortality rates have been reported in different continents attributed to different factors, including pesticides, pests, diseases, and lack of floral resources. Furthermore, climate change has been identified as a potential driver negatively impacting pollinators, but it is still unclear how it could affect honey bee populations. In this context, we carried out a systematic review to synthesize the effects of climate change on honey bees and beekeeping activities. A total of 90 articles were identified, providing insight into potential impacts (negative, neutral, and positive) on honey bees and beekeeping. Interest in climate change's impact on honey bees has increased in the last decade, with studies mainly focusing on honey bee individuals, using empirical and experimental approaches, and performed at short-spatial (<10 km) and temporal (<5 years) scales. Moreover, environmental analyses were mainly based on short-term data (weather) and concentrated on only a few countries. Environmental variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind were widely studied and had generalized negative effects on different biological and ecological aspects of honey bees. Food reserves, plant-pollinator networks, mortality, gene expression, and metabolism were negatively impacted. Knowledge gaps included a lack of studies at the apiary and beekeeper level, a limited number of predictive and perception studies, poor representation of large-spatial and mid-term scales, a lack of climate analysis, and a poor understanding of the potential impacts of pests and diseases. Finally, climate change's impacts on global beekeeping are still an emergent issue. This is mainly due to their diverse effects on honey bees and the potential necessity of implementing adaptation measures to sustain this activity under complex environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Zapata-Hernández
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Martina Gajardo-Rojas
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Matías Calderón-Seguel
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ariel A Muñoz
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen P Yáñez
- Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fabrice Requier
- CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Francisco E Fontúrbel
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo I Ormeño-Arriagada
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Informática, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Héctor Arrieta
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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8
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Schwartz M, Boichot V, Muradova M, Fournier P, Senet P, Nicolai A, Canon F, Lirussi F, Ladeira R, Maibeche M, Chertemps T, Aubert E, Didierjean C, Neiers F. Structure-activity analysis suggests an olfactory function for the unique antennal delta glutathione transferase of Apis mellifera. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:3038-3048. [PMID: 37933500 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GST) are detoxification enzymes that conjugate glutathione to a wide array of molecules. In the honey bee Apis mellifera, AmGSTD1 is the sole member of the delta class of GSTs, with expression in antennae. Here, we structurally and biochemically characterized AmGSTD1 to elucidate its function. We showed that AmGSTD1 can efficiently catalyse the glutathione conjugation of classical GST substrates. Additionally, AmGSTD1 exhibits binding properties with a range of odorant compounds. AmGSTD1 has a peculiar interface with a structural motif we propose to call 'sulfur sandwich'. This motif consists of a cysteine disulfide bridge sandwiched between the sulfur atoms of two methionine residues and is stabilized by CH…S hydrogen bonds and S…S sigma-hole interactions. Thermal stability studies confirmed that this motif is important for AmGSTD1 stability and, thus, could facilitate its functions in olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schwartz
- CSGA, Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanisms (Flavours), Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Boichot
- CSGA, Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanisms (Flavours), Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Mariam Muradova
- CSGA, Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanisms (Flavours), Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Dijon, France
- International Research Center "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Patrick Senet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Nicolai
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Francis Canon
- CSGA, Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanisms (Flavours), Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Dijon, France
| | - Frederic Lirussi
- Plateforme PACE, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Bioinformatique & Big Data Au Service de La Santé 2B2S, UFR Santé, Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM U1231, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Ruben Ladeira
- Plateforme PACE, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Bioinformatique & Big Data Au Service de La Santé 2B2S, UFR Santé, Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM U1231, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Martine Maibeche
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Fabrice Neiers
- CSGA, Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanisms (Flavours), Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Dijon, France
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9
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Schmarsow R, Moliné MDLP, Damiani N, Domínguez E, Medici SK, Churio MS, Gende LB. Toxicity and sublethal effects of lead (Pb) intake on honey bees (Apis mellifera). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140345. [PMID: 37793549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is becoming a worldwide problem affecting pollinators. The massive use of lead (Pb), the most harmful metal for the biosphere, in industries has increased the risk for honey bees. Pb exerts toxicity on living organisms inducing mainly oxidative stress. We assessed the toxicity and sublethal effects of Pb ingestion on protein content, catalase (CAT) activity, fat content and fatty acid (FA) profile of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera L.) under different nutritional conditions during chronic exposure tests. The LD50 was 15.13 ± 6.11 μg Pb2+/bee, similar to other reports. A single oral sublethal dose of 15 μg of Pb2+ affected the survival of bees fed with sugary food for ten days after Pb ingestion while supplementing the diet with bee bread improved Pb tolerance. The highest protein content was found in bees fed with the sugar paste and bee bread diet without Pb. CAT activity tended to decrease in bees of Pb groups independently of diet. Fat content was not affected by the diet type received by bees or Pb ingestion, but the FAs profile varied according to the nutritional quality of the diet. The results highlight that a single sublethal dose of Pb negatively affected the body proteins of bees despite the nutritional condition but did not disturb the FAs profile of workers. Nutrition plays an important role in preventing Pb-induced toxicity in honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Schmarsow
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Mar del Plata, Moreno 3527 Piso 3, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María de la Paz Moliné
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Mar del Plata, Moreno 3527 Piso 3, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM). CONICET-UNMDP. Centro de Asociación Simple Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC PBA), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Damiani
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Mar del Plata, Moreno 3527 Piso 3, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM). CONICET-UNMDP. Centro de Asociación Simple Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC PBA), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Enzo Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Mar del Plata, Moreno 3527 Piso 3, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM). CONICET-UNMDP. Centro de Asociación Simple Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC PBA), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sandra Karina Medici
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Mar del Plata, Moreno 3527 Piso 3, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM). CONICET-UNMDP. Centro de Asociación Simple Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC PBA), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Sandra Churio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Mar del Plata, Moreno 3527 Piso 3, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata (IFIMAR). CONICET-UNMDP, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Liesel Brenda Gende
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Mar del Plata, Moreno 3527 Piso 3, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM). CONICET-UNMDP. Centro de Asociación Simple Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC PBA), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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10
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La Porta G, Magara G, Goretti E, Caldaroni B, Dörr AJM, Selvaggi R, Pallottini M, Gardi T, Cenci-Goga BT, Cappelletti D, Elia AC. Applying Artificial Neural Networks to Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Forager Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera) for Ecological Assessment. TOXICS 2023; 11:661. [PMID: 37624166 PMCID: PMC10459414 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Insect pollinators provide an important ecosystem service that supports global biodiversity and environmental health. The study investigates the effects of the environmental matrix on six oxidative stress biomarkers in the honey bee Apis mellifera. Thirty-five apiaries located in urban, forested, and agricultural areas in Central Italy were sampled during the summer season. Enzyme activities in forager bees were analyzed using an artificial neural network, allowing the identification and representation of the apiary patterns in a Self-Organizing Map. The SOM nodes were correlated with the environmental parameters and tissue levels of eight heavy metals. The results indicated that the apiaries were not clustered according to their spatial distribution. Superoxide dismutase expressed a positive correlation with Cr and Mn concentrations; catalase with Zn, Mn, Fe, and daily maximum air temperature; glutathione S-transferase with Cr, Fe, and daily maximal air temperature; and glutathione reductase showed a negative correlation to Ni and Fe exposure. This study highlights the importance of exploring how environmental stressors affect these insects and the role of oxidative stress biomarkers. Artificial neural networks proved to be a powerful approach to untangle the complex relationships between the environment and oxidative stress biomarkers in honey bees. The application of SOM modeling offers a valuable means of assessing the potential effects of environmental pressures on honey bee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianandrea La Porta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Gabriele Magara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Enzo Goretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Barbara Caldaroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Roberta Selvaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Matteo Pallottini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Tiziano Gardi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - David Cappelletti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy (E.G.); (D.C.)
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11
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Azpiazu C, Medina P, Sgolastra F, Moreno-Delafuente A, Viñuela E. Pesticide residues in nectar and pollen of melon crops: Risk to pollinators and effects of a specific pesticide mixture on Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) micro-colonies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121451. [PMID: 36933818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Residues detected in pollen collected by honey bees are often used to estimate pesticide exposure in ecotoxicological studies. However, for a more accurate assessment of pesticides effect on foraging pollinators, residues found directly on flowers are a more realistic exposure approximation. We conducted a multi-residue analysis of pesticides on pollen and nectar of melon flowers collected from five fields. The cumulative chronic oral exposure Risk Index (RI) was calculated for Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis to multiple pesticides. However, this index could underestimate the risk since sublethal or synergistic effects are not considered. Therefore, a mixture containing three of the most frequently detected pesticides in our study was tested for synergistic impact on B. terrestris micro-colonies through a chronic oral toxicity test. According to the result, pollen and nectar samples contained numerous pesticide residues, including nine insecticides, nine fungicides, and one herbicide. Eleven of those were not applied by farmers during the crop season, revealing that melon agroecosystems may be pesticide contaminated environments. The primary contributor to the chronic RI was imidacloprid and O. bircornis is at greatest risk for lethality resulting from chronic oral exposure at these sites. In the bumblebee micro-colony bioassay, dietary exposure to acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and oxamyl at residue level concentration, showed no effects on worker mortality, drone production or drone size and no synergies were detected when pesticide mixtures were evaluated. In conclusion, our findings have significant implications for improving pesticide risk assessment schemes to guarantee pollinator conservation. In particular, bee pesticide risk assessment should not be limited to acute exposure effects to isolated active ingredients in honey bees. Instead, risk assessments should consider the long-term pesticide exposure effects in both pollen and nectar on a range of bees that reflect the diversity of natural ecosystems and the synergistic potential among pesticide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Azpiazu
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIAAB-UPM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC- Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain; CREAF-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Medina
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIAAB-UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Moreno-Delafuente
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIAAB-UPM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIAAB-UPM), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Leon-Borges JA, Aguirre-García GJ, Silva VM, Lizardi-Jiménez MA. Hydrocarbons and other risks in a beekeeping area of México: the precautionary principle for prevention and biotechnology for remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:69499-69513. [PMID: 37140869 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Yucatan Peninsula is the most important beekeeping region. However, the presence of hydrocarbons and pesticides violates the human right to a healthy environment twice over; it can affect human beings directly due to its toxicological characteristics, but it also constitutes a risk, not very well dimensioned, regarding the loss of biodiversity of the ecosystem via the impact on pollination. On the other hand, the precautionary principle obliges the authorities to prevent damage to the ecosystem that may be caused by the productive activity of individuals. Although there are studies that separately warn about the decrease of bees in the Yucatan due to industrial activity, this work has the novelty of presenting an intersectoral analysis of the risk that includes the soy industry, the swine industry and the tourist industry. The latter incorporates a new risk not considered until now, which is the presence of hydrocarbons in the ecosystem. Additionally, we can demonstrate that hydrocarbons, such as diesel and gasoline, should be avoided when using no genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in bioreactors. The objective of this work was to propose the precautionary principle around the risks in a beekeeping area and to propose biotechnology without using GMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Violeta Mendezcarlo Silva
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona 550, 2da. Sección, C. P. 78210, San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alejandro Lizardi-Jiménez
- CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, MDH, LGAC Estudios Sociales, Sierra Leona 550, 2da. Sección, C. P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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13
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Mena F, Berrocal S, Solano K, Herrera E, Gallardo M, Jiménez K, Aguilar I, Pinnock-Branford M. Comparison of the Sensitivity of Tetragonisca angustula (Apidae-Meliponini) and Apis mellifera (Apidae-Apini) to Three Insecticides (Malathion, Imidacloprid, and Fipronil) Used in Costa Rica. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1022-1031. [PMID: 36807197 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The decline of insect pollinators is a significant concern within the current biodiversity crisis. The paradox between the benefits that these animals represent to humans and the evidence of human activities driving their extinction calls for the urgent protection of bees. To address the role of chemical pollution in this scenario, we assessed the acute toxicity as well as four biomarker responses (cholinesterase [ChE], glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and lipid peroxidation [LPO]) elicited by dietary 24-h exposure to three insecticides (malathion, imidacloprid, and fipronil) on the stingless neotropical bee Tetragonisca angustula and the honeybee Apis mellifera. Malathion was the most toxic substance to both species, with 48-h median lethal doses (LD50s) of 0.25 ng/bee to A. mellifera and 0.02 ng/bee to T. angustula. Fipronil was also highly toxic and presented a similar toxicity to both species, with 48-h LD50s of 0.5 ng/bee (A. mellifera) and 0.4 ng/bee (T. angustula). Imidacloprid had the lowest acute toxicity with a 48-h LD50 of 29 ng/bee for A. mellifera, whereas T. angustula tolerated exposure higher than 35 ng/bee. Apparent biomarker responses were observed in bees of both species that survived exposure to higher concentrations of malathion (ChE inhibition) and fipronil (increased LPO). Our results suggest that specific sensitivity to insecticides varies greatly among compounds and pollinator species, but the use of different representative species can facilitate the prioritization of substances regarding their risk to pollinators. Further research is necessary to better characterize the risk that pesticides represent in neotropical agricultural landscapes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1022-1031. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freylan Mena
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Silvia Berrocal
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Karla Solano
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones Apícolas Tropicales (CINAT), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Gallardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Apícolas Tropicales (CINAT), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Katherine Jiménez
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Ingrid Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Apícolas Tropicales (CINAT), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Margaret Pinnock-Branford
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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14
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Tang QH, Li WL, Wang JP, Li XJ, Li D, Cao Z, Huang Q, Li JL, Zhang J, Wang ZW, Guo J, Li JL. Effects of spinetoram and glyphosate on physiological biomarkers and gut microbes in Bombus terrestris. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1054742. [PMID: 36699673 PMCID: PMC9868390 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1054742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The sublethal effects of pesticide poisoning will have significant negative impacts on the foraging and learning of bees and bumblebees, so it has received widespread attention. However, little is known about the physiological effects of sublethal spinetoram and glyphosate exposure on bumblebees. We continuously exposed Bombus terrestris to sublethal (2.5 mg/L) spinetoram or glyphosate under controlled conditions for 10 days. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, carboxylesterase, prophenoloxidase, α-amylase and protease activities, and changes in gut microbes were measured to understand the effects of sublethal pesticide exposure on the physiology and gut microbes of bumblebees. Sublethal pesticide exposure to significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity and significantly decreased gut α-amylase activity in bumblebees but had no significant effect on glutathione-S-transferase, carboxylesterase or gut protease activities. In addition, glyphosate increased the activity of prophenoloxidase. Interestingly, we observed that neither of the two pesticides had a significant effect on dominant gut bacteria, but glyphosate significantly altered the structure of the dominant gut fungal community, and reduced the relative abundance of Zygosaccharomyces associated with fat accumulation. These results suggest that sublethal spinetoram and glyphosate do not significantly affect the detoxification system of bumblebees, but may affect bumblebee health by inhibiting energy acquisition. Our results provide information on the sublethal effects of exposure to low concentrations of glyphosate and spinetoram on bumblebees in terms of physiology and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-He Tang
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wan-Li Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi-Jie Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Li Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinghong, China,*Correspondence: Zheng-Wei Wang, ; Jun Guo, ; Ji-Lian Li,
| | - Jun Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Zheng-Wei Wang, ; Jun Guo, ; Ji-Lian Li,
| | - Ji-Lian Li
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zheng-Wei Wang, ; Jun Guo, ; Ji-Lian Li,
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15
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del Águila Conde M, Febbraio F. Risk assessment of honey bee stressors based on in silico analysis of molecular interactions. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200912. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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16
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Fisher Ii A, Glass JR, Ozturk C, DesJardins N, Raka Y, DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Smith BH, Fewell JH, Harrison JF. Seasonal variability in physiology and behavior affect the impact of fungicide exposure on honey bee (Apis mellifera) health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:120010. [PMID: 36002100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee pollination services are of tremendous agricultural and economic importance. Despite this, honey bees and other pollinators face ongoing perils, including population declines due to a variety of environmental stressors. Fungicides may be particularly insidious stressors for pollinators due to their environmental ubiquity and widespread approval for application during crop bloom. The mechanisms by which fungicides affect honey bees are poorly understood and any seasonal variations in their impact are unknown. Here we assess the effects on honey bee colonies of four-week exposure (the approximate duration of the almond pollination season) of a fungicide, Pristine® (25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin), that has been commonly used for almonds. We exposed colonies to Pristine® in pollen patties placed into the hive, in either summer or fall, and assessed colony brood and worker populations, colony pollen collection and consumption, and worker age of first foraging and longevity. During the summer, Pristine® exposure induced precocious foraging, and reduced worker longevity resulting in smaller colonies. During the fall, Pristine® exposure induced precocious foraging but otherwise had no significant measured effects. During the fall, adult and brood population levels, and pollen consumption and collection, were all much lower, likely due to preparations for winter. Fungicides and other pesticides may often have reduced effects on honey bees during seasons of suppressed colony growth due to bees consuming less pollen and pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Fisher Ii
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Jordan R Glass
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Cahit Ozturk
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nicole DesJardins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Yash Raka
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, 2000 E Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Brian H Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Jennifer H Fewell
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Jon F Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
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17
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Bilal S, Nasir M, Hassan MM, Rehman MFU, Sami AJ, Hayat A. A novel construct of an electrochemical acetylcholinesterase biosensor for the investigation of malathion sensitivity to three different insect species using a NiCr 2O 4/g-C 3N 4 composite integrated pencil graphite electrode. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16860-16874. [PMID: 35754879 PMCID: PMC9171588 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01307j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, an electrochemical biosensor has been prepared to assess the sensitivity of an organophosphate insecticide, malathion, to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme of three insects including Apis mellifera (honeybee), Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle), and Zootermopsis nevadensis (dampwood termite). A composite of nickel chromite (NiCr2O4) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared and characterized for its morphological, chemical and electrical properties. The NiCr2O4/g-C3N4 composite integrated pencil graphite electrodes were used to covalently immobilize insect AChE enzymes and amperometric response of bioelectrodes was determined through cyclic voltammetry. The prepared bioelectrodes exhibited high enzyme immobilization efficiency and electro-catalytic performance. The integrated bioelectrodes could efficiently detect malathion induced inhibition of insects' AChEs. The linear ranges for malathion were found to be 0.1–1.6 μM, 1–40 nM and 2–100 nM, and LODs were 2 nM, 0.86 nM and 2.3 nM for A. mellifera, T. castaneum, and Z. nevadensis, respectively. Additionally, the biosensing platform developed using A. mellifera AChE was found highly sensitive and effective for malathion recoveries from spiked wheat flour samples with high recovery rates. Moreover, the proposed method was adequately reproducible and selective. The results revealed that A. mellifera AChE is less sensitive to inhibition by malathion as compared to T. castaneum, and Z. nevadensis AChE. The experimental results were validated through computational docking of malathion with insect AChEs and the results were in correspondence to experimental outcomes. The proposed method can be a plausible alternate to conventional analytical methods to assess the pesticide sensitivity and toxicity of various compounds against insect enzymes. An innovative electrochemical assay has been established to determine pesticide sensitivity against acetylcholinesterase and possible toxicity against insects. The analytical efficiency of three common insect AChEs was determined through this method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Bilal
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan +92 3364318117.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - M Mudassir Hassan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | | | - Amtul Jamil Sami
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan +92 3364318117.,Center for Biosensor Research and Development (CBRD), University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan +92 3317648259
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
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18
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Bilal S, Sami AJ, Hayat A, Fayyaz Ur Rehman M. Assessment of pesticide induced inhibition of Apis mellifera (honeybee) acetylcholinesterase by means of N-doped carbon dots/BSA nanocomposite modified electrochemical biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:107999. [PMID: 34801807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the development and optimization of an electrochemical method to evaluate pesticide induced inhibition of honey bee (Apis mellifera) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by means of acetylcholinesterase biosensor. The inhibition assay was based on the detection of changes in electrochemical activity of the enzyme caused by pesticide. As transducer, nitrogen doped carbon dots BSA (N-CD/BSA) nanocomposite electrodeposited on pencil graphite electrode was used to covalently immobilize AChE. The as-synthesized nanocomposite and fabricated electrodes were characterized for the structural, functional and electrochemical properties. Nanocomposite promoted the electron transfer reaction to catalyze the electro-oxidation of thiocholine and a large current response was obtained by cyclic voltammetry at 0.77 V, indicating successful immobilization of AChE. The sensitivity of Diazinon, an OP insecticide, for honeybee AChE was tested under optimal conditions and a linear response ranging 10-250 nM was obtained with a detection limit of 8.9 nM, and sensitivity 9 uA/nM/cm2. The method showed a good operational reproducibility and selectivity of biosensor. Further, the molecular docking provided additional support to the experimental data suggesting irreversible nature and contact toxicity of the pesticide for honey bee AChE. The developed biosensor has proved useful for the diazinon detection in wheat samples with 99% recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Bilal
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Amtul Jamil Sami
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Center for Biosensor Research and Development (CBRD), University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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Schuhmann A, Schmid AP, Manzer S, Schulte J, Scheiner R. Interaction of Insecticides and Fungicides in Bees. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 1:808335. [PMID: 38468891 PMCID: PMC10926390 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2021.808335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Honeybees and wild bees are among the most important pollinators of both wild and cultivated landscapes. In recent years, however, a significant decline in these pollinators has been recorded. This decrease can have many causes including the heavy use of biocidal plant protection products in agriculture. The most frequent residues in bee products originate from fungicides, while neonicotinoids and, to a lesser extent, pyrethroids are among the most popular insecticides detected in bee products. There is abundant evidence of toxic side effects on honeybees and wild bees produced by neonicotinoids, but only few studies have investigated side effects of fungicides, because they are generally regarded as not being harmful for bees. In the field, a variety of substances are taken up by bees including mixtures of insecticides and fungicides, and their combinations can be lethal for these pollinators, depending on the specific group of insecticide or fungicide. This review discusses the different combinations of major insecticide and fungicide classes and their effects on honeybees and wild bees. Fungicides inhibiting the sterol biosynthesis pathway can strongly increase the toxicity of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids. Other fungicides, in contrast, do not appear to enhance toxicity when combined with neonicotinoid or pyrethroid insecticides. But the knowledge on possible interactions of fungicides not inhibiting the sterol biosynthesis pathway and insecticides is poor, particularly in wild bees, emphasizing the need for further studies on possible effects of insecticide-fungicide interactions in bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Schuhmann
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Paulina Schmid
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Manzer
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janna Schulte
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Su S, Jian C, Zhang X, Fang S, Peng X, Piñero JC, Chen M. Sublethal Effects of Abamectin on the Development, Reproduction, Detoxification Enzyme Activity, and Related Gene Expression of the Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2430-2438. [PMID: 34672347 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grapholita molesta is one of the most important fruit pests worldwide. Abamectin is a biological pesticide frequently used to control fruit borers like G. molesta in part owing to its translaminar properties. In this study, we characterized the toxicity of abamectin to G. molesta larvae using the diet incorporation method. The sublethal effects of abamectin on the development, reproduction, detoxification enzyme activity, and related gene expression of G. molesta were assessed. The results showed that the LC20 and LC50 values of the insecticide against G. molesta 72 h post-treatment were 1.17 mg L-1 and 5.85 mg L-1, whereas the LC20 and LC50 values 96 h post-treatment were 0.34 mg L-1 and 3.63 mg L-1. When compared to the control, sublethal concentrations of abamectin 1) significantly increased the mortality of the larvae, prepupae, and pupae of G. molesta, 2) prolonged the duration of 3rd to 5th instar larva, prepupal and pupal periods, 3) shortened the longevity of adults, and 4) reduced female fecundity. The enzymatic activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) varied significantly after exposure to sublethal concentrations of abamectin, but the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and carboxylesterase activity were not significantly affected. Thirteen of the 25 GST genes were significantly upregulated under different sublethal concentrations of abamectin. The combined findings increase our understanding of the effects of abamectin on G. molesta and the potential role of GSTs in the metabolic interactions of abamectin in this pest, and have applications for more rational and effective use of abamectin to control G. molesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengzhi Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sensen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jaime C Piñero
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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21
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Vilarem C, Piou V, Vogelweith F, Vétillard A. Varroa destructor from the Laboratory to the Field: Control, Biocontrol and IPM Perspectives-A Review. INSECTS 2021; 12:800. [PMID: 34564240 PMCID: PMC8465918 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Varroa destructor is a real challenger for beekeepers and scientists: fragile out of the hive, tenacious inside a bee colony. From all the research done on the topic, we have learned that a better understanding of this organism in its relationship with the bee but also for itself is necessary. Its biology relies mostly on semiochemicals for reproduction, nutrition, or orientation. Many treatments have been developed over the years based on hard or soft acaricides or even on biocontrol techniques. To date, no real sustainable solution exists to reduce the pressure of the mite without creating resistances or harming honeybees. Consequently, the development of alternative disruptive tools against the parasitic life cycle remains open. It requires the combination of both laboratory and field results through a holistic approach based on health biomarkers. Here, we advocate for a more integrative vision of V. destructor research, where in vitro and field studies are more systematically compared and compiled. Therefore, after a brief state-of-the-art about the mite's life cycle, we discuss what has been done and what can be done from the laboratory to the field against V. destructor through an integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vilarem
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université de Toulouse III-IRD, INU Jean-François Champollion, Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France; (C.V.); (V.P.)
- M2i Biocontrol–Entreprise SAS, 46140 Parnac, France;
| | - Vincent Piou
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université de Toulouse III-IRD, INU Jean-François Champollion, Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France; (C.V.); (V.P.)
| | | | - Angélique Vétillard
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université de Toulouse III-IRD, INU Jean-François Champollion, Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France; (C.V.); (V.P.)
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Caliani I, Campani T, Conti B, Cosci F, Bedini S, D'Agostino A, Giovanetti L, Di Noi A, Casini S. First application of an Integrated Biological Response index to assess the ecotoxicological status of honeybees from rural and urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47418-47428. [PMID: 33891238 PMCID: PMC8384815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of environmental contaminants on honeybees is essential to minimize their impacts on these important pollinating insects. The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological status of honeybees in environments undergoing different anthropic pressure: a wood (reference site), an orchard, an agricultural area, and an urban site, using a multi-biomarker approach. To synthetically represent the ecotoxicological status of the honeybees, the responses of the single biomarkers were integrated by the Integrated Biological Response (IBRv2) index. Overall, the strongest alteration of the ecotoxicological status (IBRv2 = 7.52) was detected in the bees from the orchard due to the alteration of metabolic and genotoxicity biomarkers indicating the presence of pesticides, metals, and lipophilic compounds. Honeybees from the cultivated area (IBRv2 = 7.18) revealed an alteration especially in neurotoxicity, metabolic, and genotoxicity biomarkers probably related to the presence of pesticides, especially fungicides. Finally, in the urban area (IBRv2 = 6.60), the biomarker results (GST, lysozyme, and hemocytes) indicated immunosuppression in the honeybees and the effects of the presence of lipophilic compounds and metals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Campani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Barbara Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Entomology, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cosci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Entomology, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bedini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Entomology, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Agostino
- Department of Management and Quantitative Studies, University of Naples "Parthenope", via Generale Parisi, 13, 80132, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Giovanetti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Agata Di Noi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Lupi D, Palamara Mesiano M, Adani A, Benocci R, Giacchini R, Parenti P, Zambon G, Lavazza A, Boniotti MB, Bassi S, Colombo M, Tremolada P. Combined Effects of Pesticides and Electromagnetic-Fields on Honeybees: Multi-Stress Exposure. INSECTS 2021; 12:716. [PMID: 34442282 PMCID: PMC8396937 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Honeybee and general pollinator decline is extensively reported in many countries, adding new concern to the general biodiversity loss. Many studies were addressed to assess the causes of pollinator decline, concluding that in most cases multi-stress effects were the most probable ones. In this research, the combined effects of two possible stress sources for bees, pesticides and electromagnetic fields (multi-stress conditions), were analyzed in the field. Three experimental sites were chosen: a control one far from direct anthropogenic stress sources, a pesticide-stress site and multi-stress one, adding to the same exposure to pesticides the presence of an electromagnetic field, coming from a high-voltage electric line. Experimental apiaries were monitored weekly for one year (from April 2017 to April 2018) by means of colony survival, queen activity, storage and brood amount, parasites and pathogens, and several biomarkers in young workers and pupae. Both exposure and effect biomarkers were analysed: among the first, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS); and among the last, DNA fragmentation (DNAFRAGM) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Results showed that bee health conditions were the worst in the multi-stress site with only one colony alive out of the four ones present at the beginning. In this site, a complex picture of adverse effects was observed, such as disease appearance (American foulbrood), higher mortality in the underbaskets (common to pesticide-stress site), behavioral alterations (queen changes, excess of honey storage) and biochemical anomalies (higher ALP activity at the end of the season). The overall results clearly indicate that the multi-stress conditions were able to induce biochemical, physiological and behavioral alterations which severely threatened bee colony survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lupi
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.P.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Palamara Mesiano
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.P.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Agnese Adani
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Roberto Benocci
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (R.G.); (P.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Roberto Giacchini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (R.G.); (P.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Paolo Parenti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (R.G.); (P.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Zambon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (R.G.); (P.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.L.); (M.B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.L.); (M.B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Bassi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.L.); (M.B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Mario Colombo
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.P.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Tremolada
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (P.T.)
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24
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Fisher A, DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Smith BH, Ozturk C, Kaftanoglu O, Fewell JH, Harrison JF. Field cross-fostering and in vitro rearing demonstrate negative effects of both larval and adult exposure to a widely used fungicide in honey bees (Apis mellifera). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112251. [PMID: 33905983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators and other insects are experiencing an ongoing worldwide decline. While various environmental stressors have been implicated, including pesticide exposure, the causes of these declines are complex and highly debated. Fungicides may constitute a particularly prevalent threat to pollinator health due to their application on many crops during bloom, and because pollinators such as bees may consume fungicide-tainted pollen or nectar. In a previous study, consumption of pollen containing the fungicide Pristine® at field-relevant concentrations by honey bee colonies increased pollen foraging, caused earlier foraging, lowered worker survival, and reduced colony population size. Because most pollen is consumed by young adults, we hypothesized that Pristine® (25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin) in pollen exerts its negative effects on honey bee colonies primarily on the adult stage. To rigorously test this hypothesis, we used a cross-fostering experimental design, with bees reared in colonies provided Pristine® incorporated into pollen patties at a supra-field concentration (230 mg/kg), only in the larvae, only in the adult, or both stages. In contrast to our predictions, exposure to Pristine® in either the larval or adult stage reduced survival relative to control bees not exposed to Pristine®, and exposure to the fungicide at both larval and adult stages further reduced survival. Adult exposure caused precocious foraging, while larval exposure increased the tendency to forage for pollen. These results demonstrate that pollen containing Pristine® can induce significant negative effects on both larvae and adults in a hive, though the magnitude of such effects may be smaller at field-realistic doses. To further test the potential negative effects of direct consumption of Pristine® on larvae, we reared them in vitro on food containing Pristine® at a range of concentrations. Consumption of Pristine® reduced survival rates of larvae at all concentrations tested. Larval and adult weights were only reduced at a supra-field concentration. We conclude that consumption of pollen containing Pristine® by field honey bee colonies likely exerts impacts on colony population size and foraging behavior by affecting both larvae and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Fisher
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, 2000 E Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Brian H Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Cahit Ozturk
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Osman Kaftanoglu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jennifer H Fewell
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jon F Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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